2nd International Conference on Next Generation Wind Energy ICNGWE 2016 August 24-26, 2016 Lund, Sweden

Photo by Kelly M. Jackson

ICNGWE 2016

Table of Contents Welcome ....................................................................................................................................................... 3 General Information ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Acknowledgement..................................................................................................................................... 4 Lund, Sweden ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Travel Information ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Hotel Accommodations ............................................................................................................................. 4 Transportation........................................................................................................................................... 5 Conference Registration ............................................................................................................................ 5 Conference Location ................................................................................................................................. 5 Keynote Speakers .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Dr. Jens Sorenson .................................................................................................................................. 6 Dr. Kenneth W. Van Treuren ................................................................................................................. 6 Dr. Ashwani Gupta................................................................................................................................. 7 Dr. Yuji Ohya .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Dr. Makato Yamamoto .......................................................................................................................... 8 List of Authors ................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Presenter Schedules .................................................................................................................................... 11 International Scientific Advisory Board ....................................................................................................... 14

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ICNGWE 2016

Welcome ICNGWE Chair’s welcome: On behalf of 2016 ICNGWE organizers, I am pleased to welcome you to the International Conference on Next Generation Wind Energy in Lund, Sweden. This conference is the second one following the 2014 ICNGWE, which was held in October in Madrid, Spain. The location is ideal because Sweden is one of the world’s largest producers of wind power, and also close to Denmark. This conference is sponsored by US National Science Foundation (NSF), University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM), and Lund University, Sweden. The conference is dedicated to discussing the innovative up to date technology in the field of wind energy. We will enjoy the lectures from invited speakers both from North America and Europe who were chosen from the pioneers in the wind energy applications. The topic covers from basic theory of wind turbines to computational and experimental studies of wind energy including onshore/offshore wind turbines adjacent rotor blades and wakes, wind farms, wind harvesting and turbine siting. We hope that you will enjoy the technical and social content of this particular conference and that you will also find time to enjoy the sights of the Sweden. Best wishes for an enjoyable conference experience. Sincerely, Ryo Amano, Conference Chair

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ICNGWE 2016

General Information Acknowledgement The ICNGWE is an international conference focused on wind energy. This year’s conference will be in Lund, Sweden on the campus of Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH). The conference is the culmination of efforts from organizers and authors. We would like to thank everyone who participated.

Lund, Sweden Lund is a charming city located in the southern part of Sweden, in the vicinity of Malmö. For tourist information, please consult the homepage of the Lund Tourist Office.

can be purchased in the airport building (when you exit from the baggage reclaim area go straight ahead, the ticket office is on the same floor, close to the staircase/elevators leading to the platforms). The train ticket is valid even on the local buses in Lund, so you don't need an extra ticket if you plan to take a bus from the train station to your hotel. Another option to reach Lund is to fly to Malmö Airport (MMX), which has direct bus connections to Lund (www.flygbussarna.se/en), the bus stops close to the M building (the name of the station is 'LTH'). For persons traveling through Stockholm it is probably the most convenient to book a connecting flight to Copenhagen/Malmö. Another option is to take the train from the Stockholm airport (Arlanda) to Stockholm C and from there another train to Lund C. The trip between Stockholm C and Lund C lasts approximately 4-5 hours; the timetable can be checked at www.sj.se.

Hotel Accommodations A number of rooms have been pre-booked for August 23-26 at the following hotels:

Travel Information The easiest way to reach Lund is to fly to Copenhagen. Copenhagen Airport(CPH) has direct train connections to Lund, with trains starting approximately every 20 minutes. From Lund central station (Lund C) there are several buses which stop near the M building where the conference will be located. The timetable can be checked directly from Copenhagen airport to the M building at http://www.skanetrafiken.se one can give the address (Ole Römersväg 1) as destination. Clicking on '+'gives details about a certain itinerary, 'Resväg på karta' shows an interactive map. The 'Translate' button on Skånetrafiken's homepage is based on Google Translate, it works reasonably well, but some items remain in Swedish. Tickets for the train

Grand Hotel-Booking Code 307957 Address: Bantorget 1, 222 29 Lund, Sweden Phone: +46 46 280 61 00 Nightly Rate: 1404 SEK/Room (including VAT and breakfast)

Hotel Bishop Arms-Booking Code ICNGWE Address: Sankt Petri kyrkogata 7 222 21 Lund, Sweden Phone: +46 (0)46-287 11 00 Nightly Rate: 1404 SEK/Room (including VAT and breakfast) For both cases, the rooms will be pre-booked until one month before the conference. These two hotels are centrally located, but there are many more hotels in Lund.

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ICNGWE 2016 Some alternatives could be (you have to specify that you are guests of LU to get the prices shown below):

Hotel Planetstaden Address: Dalbyvägen 38, 224 60 Lund, Sweden Phone: +46 46 280 01 00

Conference Registration Registration will begin at 12:30 PM on 24 August in the M-building on the campus of Lunds Tekniska Högskola (LTH). See map below.

Conference Location

Nightly Rate: From 1135 SEK (including VAT+breakfast+buffet dinner) http://www.planetstaden.se/

Hotel Finn Address: Dalbyvägen 38, 224 60 Lund, Sweden Phone: +46 46 280 63 00 Nightly Rate: From 890 SEK (including VAT+breakfast) http://www.hotelfinn.se/

Link to Larger Map

Transportation The distances in Lund are relatively short, but If you wish to use local transportation during your stay, please note that there is no possibility to pay with cash or credit/debit cards on the buses. You must purchase a travel card called 'Jojo Reskassa' which has to be loaded with a minimum of 50 SEK (approximately 3 journeys). Such a card can be purchased for example at Skånetrafiken's office located at the central station.

The campus of LTH is located in the north-east of Lund. Arriving by train at the central station, there are plenty of buses taking you to the campus. Buses number 20 and 21 towards Brunnshög, 166 towards Södra Sandby and 169 towards Malmö departures from the north-east side of the central station, at the square Clemenstorget. All four buses take you to the stop Kårhuset,a five-minute walk from the seminar venue, in about ten minutes. Bus number 6 towards Linero also departures at Clemenstorget and stops at Kårhuset. At the east side of the station, there is also a taxi stand, with taxis available 24/7

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Keynote Speakers

Dr. Jens N. Sørensen Professor at Technical University of Denmark

Dr. Kenneth W. Van Treuren Professor at Baylor University

Assessment of the Wind Power Potential in the North Sea

Small Wind and the Future of Wind Energy

Jens Sørensen is a professor of fluid mechanics and head of the Fluid Mechanics Section at DTU. He received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and after a post-doc assignment at ONERA in France he joined the DTU faculty as an Assistant Professor in 1989. He became a full professor at DTU in 2001 and has served as a visiting professor at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), USA, and Monash University, Australia. He was a coordinator and originator of the M.Sc. program in Wind Energy at DTU and headed a doctoral research school for the Danish Academy of Wind Energy (DAWE). He has served on steering committees for the European Academy of Wind Energy, the Danish National Committee for IUTAM, the Danics Center for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (DCAMM), and the Danish Center for Nonlinear Studies (MIDIT). Jens has received numerous awards including the Gorm Pedersen Memorial Grant, the Alexander Foss Gold Medal Award for Engineering Research, the Statoil Prize for Engineering Research, and was selected as a member of the Danish Academy of Technical Sciences (ATV). In 2015 he received the European Academy of Wind Energy’s Scientific Prize for his research in wind energy. His research interests include noise generated from wind turbines, numerical simulations of the ABL and wind turbine wakes, rotor design and simulation, and advanced aerodynamic tools for large rotors (AVATAR).

Ken Van Treuren is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Baylor University and serves as the Associate Dean in the School of Engineering and Computer Science. He received his B. S. in Aeronautical Engineering from the USAF Academy in Colorado Springs, Colorado emphasizing gas turbine propulsion. Ken studied combustion for his M. S. in Engineering from Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey. After serving 10 years as USAF pilot in KC-135 and KC10 aircraft, he completed his DPhil in Engineering Sciences at the University of Oxford, the United Kingdom where he studied gas turbine impingement cooling. He then returned to the USAF Academy to teach heat transfer and propulsion system courses. At Baylor University, his expertise covers courses in laboratory techniques, fluid mechanics, energy systems, propulsion systems, heat transfer, and aeronautics. Ken has over 100 conference and journal publications as well as four book contributions. He currently serves as the Chair of the ASME International Gas Turbine Institute’s Wind Energy Committee. Ken taught a National Science Foundation funded course entitled Energy and Society for four years introducing students from across Baylor’s campus to energy issues. Ken’s research interests include renewable energy as it applies to small wind turbine aerodynamics and noise generation, especially in the urban environment. Experimental convective heat transfer is also a topic being studied as it applies to HVAC and gas turbine systems. Another research effort is designing small Unmanned Aerial System propellers with the USAF Academy.

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ICNGWE 2016

Dr. Ashwani Gupta Professor at University of Maryland

Dr. Yuji Ohya Professor at Kyushu University

Efficiency Improvements in Wind Power Generation-Challenges and Opportunities

Aerodynamics of Clustered, Diffusion Augmented Wind Turbines

Wind energy is clean, renewable and sustainable with no fuel costs to operate the plant. There is lots of free wind energy worldwide that is also pollution free. The only trace 8 pollutants produced are during the manufacturing of the equipment. Per US DoE in 1990 California’s wind power plants offset the emission of more than 2.5 billion lbs of carbon dioxide, and 15 million lbs of other pollutants that would have otherwise been produced. Global wind power capacity and has grown during 1996–2012. Major growth in wind energy has been since the beginning of about 2000 that reveals that it has increased by a factor of over 20 by 2015. Denmark has modest winds (4.9–5.6 m/s) at 10m height. Denmark energy strategy 2050 aims to have 50% wind power electricity by 2020 and fully independent of fossil fuels by 2050. In November 2013, wind power production in Denmark exceeded the level of power consumption so that some of the electricity was exported to the neighboring countries. The challenges and opportunities lie in efficient energy harvesting from wind energy. Blade design, Windmill characteristics, height, location, mean velocity and turbulence, as well as placement of the windmill in the wind farm and operation in adverse condition, are amongst the issues for effective wind energy harvesting. High winds are far above the ground level while most of the windmills are close to the ground level of structural robustness of the windmill. This paper will provide the challenges and opportunities with a view to obtaining maximum energy from the wind. Some novel designs will be presented that has good potential for efficient deployment.

Yuji Ohya is a Fukuoka native. He completed his doctoral studies in the Department of Applied Mechanics at Kyushu University in 1981, engaging in the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics (RIAM) as an assistant professor that same year. In 1984, he moved to the Department of Engineering at Kumamoto University. Later, he again moved on to become a full-time professor at Kyushu University. Since 2012 he has served as the director of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics specializing in wind engineering. He is a member of the Japan Association for Wind Engineering (JAWE), the Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics (JSFM), the Japan Wind Energy Association (JWEA), Meteorological Society of Japan (MJS), and the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences (JSASS). He has received awards from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan and the Ministry of Environment of Japan for his research on Wind-Lens turbines. He has over 150 publications including journals, conference papers, and books. His research interests include hybrid wind-solar towers, multirotor systems using wind-lens turbines, floating body energy farms, CFD in wind engineering, aerodynamic characteristics of bluff bodies, and turbulence structure in the atmospheric boundary layer.

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ICNGWE 2016

Dr. Makato Yamamoto Professor at Tokyo University of Science Present State and Future Prospects of CFD in Wind Turbine Design Makato Yamamoto is Vice President of the Tokyo University of Science in Tokyo, Japan. He received his Bachelor of Engineering, Master of Engineering, and Doctor of Engineering degrees from the University of Tokyo and has held a number of positions in both academia and industry. He is active in a variety of professional societies and has achieved Fellow status in the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME), Japan Society of Fluid Mechanics (JSFM), and the Japan Association of Computational Mechanics (JACM). He is a board member of the International Association for the Exchange of Students for Technical Experiences in Japan and has served on the board of the Gas Turbine Society of Japan (GTSJ). He is General Council Member for the International Association for Computational Mechanics and is a member of the Japanese Society for Computational Engineering and Science, Japanese Universities Association for Computer Education, Japanese Society for Engineering Education and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). Dr. Yamamoto has received numerous awards for his research, professional activism, and pedagogy. His accolades include the Distinguished Achievement Award from JSME, Distinguished Conduct Awards from GTSJ and JSME, and the JACM Fellow Award. Dr. Yamamoto has expertise in CFD and has over 150 publications including journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters. His research interests include multi-physics simulations of icing, sand erosion, and particle deposition in jet engines, three-phase particle separation, and electrochemical machining as well as a variety of single-physics simulations of wind turbines, rocket nozzles, automobiles, and blood vessels.

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List of Papers (In alphabetical order of the first authors) Authors Saman Beyhaghi Ryoichi S. Amano

Affiliations University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Saman Beyhaghi Ryoichi S. Amano

University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

J. Alejandro Franco-Piña Juan C. Jauregui Andres Carbajal Manuel Toledano-Ayala Aditya Ghate Sanjiva Lele

Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro Cerro de las Campanas

Hirofumi Hattori Kenji Tsutsui Amane Kono Shota Yoshikawa Shin-ichi Kawashima Nozomi Miyamoto Tomoya Houra Masato Tagawa Mario Holl Tim Janke Peter F. Pelz Max Platzer

Nagoya Institute of Technology

Ann Hyvärinen Antonio Segalini Randall S. Jackson Ryoichi S. Amano

Stanford University

Technische Universität Darmstadt Technische Universität Darmstadt Technische Universität Darmstadt AeroHydro Research & Technology Associates Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

José Martínez Lucci José Antonio Pérez

Universidad Europea de Madrid

Martino Marini Roberto Baccoli Costantino Carlo Mastino Antonino Di Bella Carlo Bemardini Massimiliano Masullo Arun Kumar Koralagundi Matt Jie Guo Saman Beyhaghi Ryoichi S. Amano

DADU University of Sassari DICAAR-University of Cagliari DICAAR-University of Cagliari DII-University of Padova G.F.T.A. (Technical Physics Association) Second University of Naples University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee

Title Investigation of flow over an airfoil using a hybrid DES-ASM turbulence model Improvement of aerodynamic performance of NACA 4412 airfoils using leading edge slots Shape morphing mechanism for improving wind turbines performance Wind plant scale power and fatigue predictions using a multiscale kinematic simulation Numerical study for improvement of prediction of wind synopsis in various thermally stratified turbulent boundary layers over obstacle

Sensitivity analysis of a technoeconomic optimal wind-energy converter

Complex-terrain effects on windturbine power performance Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a small-scale horizontalaxis wind turbine using Reynolds Stress Model closure and correlation to experimental wake measurements Numerical simulation of using wind energy to transform Universidad Europea at Madrid to a green campus Assessment of the noise generated by wind turbines at low frequencies

Self-healing of wind turbine blades using micro-scale vascular vessels

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ICNGWE 2016 Authors Yuji Ohya Jumpei Miyazaki Uli Göltenbott Takashi Karasudani Shigeo Yoshida Peter Jamieson V.L. Okulov R. Mikkelsen J.N. Sørensen I.V. Naumov M.A. Tsoy

Steven N. Rodriguez Justin W. Jaworski

Affiliations Kyushu University Kyushu University Kyushu University Kyushu University Kyushu University University of Stratchclyde Technical University of Denmark Technical University of Denmark Technical University of Denmark Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS Novosibirsk Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS Novosibirsk Lehigh University

Ali Al Sam Robert Szasz Johan Revstedt Ali Al Sam Robert Szasz Johan Revstedt Bengt Sundén Zan Wu Kenneth W. Van Treuren Andrew H. Hays

Lund University

Yuta Uemura Harutaka Oe Yasutada Tanabe Makoto Yamamoto Naoya Fukushima Hiroya Mamori

Tokyo University of Science Tokyo University of Science Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Tokyo University of Science Tokyo University of Science Tokyo University of Science

Johannes Weber Matthias Tautz Stefan Becker Manfred Kaltenbacher Benjamin J. Wilcox Robert S. Ehrmann Edward B. White Makoto Yamamoto

FAU University FAU University FAU University Vienna University of Technology Texas A&M University

Lund University

Lund University Baylor University

Tokyo University of Science

Title Power augmentation of shrouded wind turbines in a multi-rotor system

Power properties of two interacting wind turbine rotors

Towards identifying aeroelastic mechanisms of near-wake instabilities of floating offshore wind turbines An investigation of wind farm power production for various atmospheric boundary layer heights Wind-wave interaction effects on a wind farm power production On heat transfer issues for wind energy systems A study of noise generation on the E387, S823, NACA 0012, and NACA 4412 airfoils for use on small-scale wind turbines Wake deflection in long distance from a yawed wind turbine

Computational aeroacoustics of small vertical axis wind turbines

Roughness-induced performance degradation experiments on turbine blade-tip and mid-span airfoils Present state and future prospect of CFD in wind turbine design

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Presenter Schedules 24 August 2016 12:30 PM 1:00 PM Time 1:30 PM

Welcome Title ASSESSMENT OF THE WIND POWER POTENTIAL IN THE NORTH SEA (Keynote Speaker) NUMERICAL STUDY FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PREDICTION OF WIND SYNOPSIS IN VARIOUS THERMALLY STRATIFIED TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS OVER OBSTACLE

Registration Conference Organizers Presenter

Chair

Jens N. Sørensen

Makoto Yamamoto

Hirofumi Hattori

Makoto Yamamoto

2:30 PM

WIND-WAVE INTERACTION EFFECTS ON A WIND FARM POWER PRODUCTION

Ali Al Sam

Makoto Yamamoto

2:50 PM

SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF A TECHNOECONOMIC OPTIMAL WIND-ENERGY CONVERTER

Mario Holl

Makoto Yamamoto

3:30 PM

PRESENT STATE AND FUTURE PROSPECT OF CFD IN WIND TURBINE DESIGN (Keynote Speaker)

Makoto Yamamoto

Johan Revstedt

4:10 PM

INVESTIGATION OF FLOW OVER AN AIRFOIL USING HYBRID DES-ASM TURBULENCE MODEL

Saman Beyhaghi

Johan Revstedt

Steven N. Rodriguez

Johan Revstedt

Randall Jackson

Johan Revstedt

Aditya S. Ghate

Johan Revstedt

2:10 PM

3:10 PM

4:30 PM

4:50 PM

5:10 PM 5:30 PM

Break

TOWARD IDENTIFYING AEROELASTIC MECHANISMS OF NEAR-WAKE INSTABILITIES OF FLOATING OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD) SIMULATION OF A SMALLSCALE HORIZONTAL-AXIS WIND TURBINE USING REYNOLDS STRESS MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL WAKE MEASUREMENTS WIND PLANT SCALE POWER AND FATIGUE PREDICTIONS USING A MULTISCALE KINEMATIC SIMULATION

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25 August 2016 Time 9:00 AM

Title EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND POWER GENERATIONCHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES (Keynote Speaker)

Presenter

Chair

Ashwani K. Gupta

Yuji Ohya

9:40 AM

ON HEAT TRANSFER ISSUES FOR WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS

Bengt Sunden

Yuji Ohya

10:00 AM

AN INVESTIGATION OF WIND FARM POWER PRODUCTION FOR VARIOUS ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER HEIGHTS

Ali Al Sam

Yuji Ohya

10:20 AM

Break

10:40 AM

ROUGHNESS-INDUCED PERFORMANCE DEGRADATION EXPERIMENTS ON TURBINE BLADETIP AND MID-SPAN AIRFOILS

Benjamin J. Wilcox

Jens N. Sørensen

11:00 AM

SHAPE MORPHING MECHANISM FOR IMPROVING WIND TURBINES PERFORMANCE

Jesús Alejandro FrancoPiña

Jens N. Sørensen

11:20 AM

IMPROVEMENT OF AERODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF NACA4412 AIRFOILS USING LEADING EDGE SLOTS

Saman Beyhaghi

Jens N. Sørensen

11:40 AM

Lunch

1:00 PM

POWER AUGMENTATION OF SHROUDED WIND TURBINES IN A MULTI-ROTOR SYSTEM (Keynote Speaker)

Yuji Ohya

Ashwani Gupta

1:40 PM

WAKE DEFLECTION IN LONG DISTANCE FROM A YAWED WIND TURBINE

Yuta Uemura

Ashwani Gupta

2:00 PM

POWER PROPERTIES OF TWO INTERACTING WIND TURBINE ROTORS

Valery L. Okulov

Ashwani Gupta

2:20 PM

Break

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ICNGWE 2016

25 August 2016 Time

Title

Presenter

Chair

3:00PM

SELF-HEALING OF WIND TURBINE BLADES USING MICRO-SCALE VASCULAR VESSELS

Saman Beyhaghi

Kenneth Van Treuren

3:20 PM

COMPLEX-TERRAIN EFFECTS ON WIND-TURBINE POWER PERFORMANCE

Ann Hyvärinen

Kenneth Van Treuren

3:40 PM 7:00 PM

Time 9:00 AM

Wrap Up Conference Dinner 26-Aug-16 Title Presenter CHALLENGES OF TESTING SMALL WIND TURBINES IN A WIND TUNNEL Kenneth Van Treuren (Keynote Speaker)

Chair Johannes Weber

9:40 AM

ASSESSMENT OF THE NOISE GENERATED BY WIND TURBINES AT LOW FREQUENCIES

Martino Marini

Johannes Weber

10:00 AM

A STUDY OF NOISE GENERATION ON THE E387, S823, NACA 0012, AND NACA 4412 AIRFOILS FOR USE ON SMALLSCALE WIND TURBINES

Andrew W. Hays

Johannes Weber

10:20 AM

COMPUTATIONAL AEROACOUSTICS OF SMALL VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINES

Johannes Weber

Johannes Weber

10:40 AM

11:00 AM 12:30 PM 2:00 PM

Break Panel Session-Future of the Renewable Energy Panelists: Jens Sørensen (Moderator), Ashwani Gupta, Johannes Weber, Yuji Ohya, Makoto Yamamoto, Kenneth Van Treuren Lunch Wind Farm Tour

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International Scientific Advisory Board Representatives of Regional and National Swedish Government Ashwani K. Gupta, University of Maryland Hui Hui, Iowa State University Giacomo Valerio Iungo, University of Texas Dallas Stefan Ivanell, Uppsala University Campus Gotland Hameed Metghalchi, Northeastern University Jonathan Naughton, University of Wyoming Yuji Ohya, Kyushu University Yulia Peet, Arizona State University Joachim Peinke, Carl-von-Ossietzky Uni. Oldenburg Fernando Porté-Agel, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Antonio Segalini, KTH Lennart Söder, KTH Jens Norkaer Sørensen, Denmark Technical University Case Van Dam, University of California, Davis Kenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University Edward B. White, Texas A&M University Makoto Yamamoto, Tokyo University of Science

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