Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley Student: _____________________ Date: _____________________

https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.com/api/v1/print/math Instructor: Doug Ensley Course: MAT117 01 Applied Statistics Ensley

Assignment: Online 05 - Section 3.1

1. For the following pairs of variables, which more naturally is the response variable and which is the explanatory variable? a. Terms of a CD and Rate of return b. Grade received and Effort c. Number of children and Mother's age a. Choose the correct answer below. A. Terms of a CD is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Rate of return is the explanatory variable. B. Rate of return is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Terms of a CD, the explanatory variable. C. Terms of a CD is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Rate of return, the explanatory variable. D. Rate of return is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Terms of a CD is the explanatory variable. b. Choose the correct answer below. A. Grade received is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Effort is the explanatory variable. B. Effort is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Grade received, the explanatory variable. C. Grade received is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Effort, the explanatory variable. D. Effort is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Grade received is the explanatory variable. c. Choose the correct answer below. A. Number of children is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Mother's age is the explanatory variable. B. Number of children is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Mother's age, the explanatory variable. C. Mother's age is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Number of children, the explanatory variable. D. Mother's age is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Number of children is the explanatory variable.

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.com/api/v1/print/math 2. For the following pairs of variables, which more naturally is the response variable and which is the explanatory variable? a. Month and Hours of daylight b. Sales and Advertising c. Horoscope and Birthday a. Choose the correct answer below. A. Month is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Hours of daylight, the explanatory variable. B. Hours of daylight is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Month, the explanatory variable. C. Month is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Hours of daylight is the explanatory variable. D. Hours of daylight is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Month is the explanatory variable. b. Choose the correct answer below. A. Sales is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Advertising, the explanatory variable. B. Advertising is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Sales, the explanatory variable. C. Sales is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Advertising is the explanatory variable. D. Advertising is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Sales is the explanatory variable. c. Choose the correct answer below. A. Horoscope is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Birthday is the explanatory variable. B. Horoscope is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Birthday, the explanatory variable. C. Birthday is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Horoscope is the explanatory variable. D. Birthday is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Horoscope, the explanatory variable.

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.com/api/v1/print/math 3. For the following pairs of variables, which more naturally is the response variable and which is the explanatory variable? a. Number of children and Mother's age b. Happiness (not too happy, pretty happy, very happy) and Marital status c. College grade point average (GPA) and High school GPA a. Choose the correct answer below. A. Mother's age is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Number of children is the explanatory variable. B. Mother's age is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Number of children, the explanatory variable. C. Number of children is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Mother's age is the explanatory variable. D. Number of children is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Mother's age, the explanatory variable. b. Choose the correct answer below. A. Marital status is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Happiness is the explanatory variable. B. Happiness is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Marital status is the explanatory variable. C. Marital status is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Happiness, the explanatory variable. D. Happiness is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of Marital status, the explanatory variable. c. Choose the correct answer below. A. College GPA is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of High school GPA, the explanatory variable. B. College GPA is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and High school GPA is the explanatory variable. C. High school GPA is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and College GPA is the explanatory variable. D. High school GPA is the response variable because it defines the groups to be compared with respect to values of College GPA, the explanatory variable.

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.com/api/v1/print/math 4. A survey includes the question, "Taken all together, would you Happiness say that you are very happy, pretty happy, or not too happy?" The Income Not too happyPretty happyVery happy Totals table uses the survey to cross-tabulate happiness with family Above 68 297 122 487 income, measured as the response to the question, "Compared Average 66 212 126 404 with families in general, would you say that your family income is Below 51 251 101 403 below average, average, or above average?" Totals 185 760 349 1294 a. Identify the response variable and the explanatory variable. Income is the explanatory variable and happiness is the response variable. Happiness is the explanatory variable and income is the response variable. b. Construct the conditional proportions on happiness at each level of income. Interpret and summarize the association between these variables. Income Not too happy AboveAverage

Happiness Pretty happy

Very happy (Round to three decimal places as needed.)

Average

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)

BelowAverage

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)

Is it reasonable to infer that there is an association between happiness and income level? No Yes c. Overall, what proportion of people reported being very happy? The proportion of people who reported being very happy is

.

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley 5. A school of public health surveyed college students in about 200 colleges in 1993, 1997, 1999, and 2001. The survey asks students questions about their drinking habits. The table shows results from the study, crosstabulating subjects' gender by whether they have participated in binge drinking.

https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.com/api/v1/print/math Binge Drinking Status Binge Non-Binge Gender Total Drinker Drinker Male 2,128 1,979 4,107 Female 2,931 4,083 7,014 Total 5059 6062 11,121

a. Identify the response variable and the explanatory variable. Gender is the explanatory variable and binge drinking status is the response variable. Binge drinking status is the explanatory variable and gender is the response variable. b. Report the cell counts for (i) subjects who are male and a binge-drinker, (ii) subjects who are female and a binge drinker. (i) The number of males who are binge drinkers is (ii) The number of females who are binge drinkers is

. .

c. Can you compare the counts from (b) to answer the question, "Is there a difference between male and female students in the proportion who binge drink?" No Yes d. Construct a contingency table that shows the conditional proportions of sampled students who do or do not binge drink, given gender. Interpret. Binge Drinking Status BingeDrinker Non-BingeDrinker Male Female

(Round to two decimal places as needed.)        

     (Round to two decimal places as needed.)

  e. Based on (d), does it seem that there is an association between binge drinking and gender?  A. No. Binge drinking appears to be more prevalent among females. B. No. Binge drinking appears to be more prevalent among males. C. Yes. Binge drinking appears to be more prevalent among females. D. Yes. Binge drinking appears to be more prevalent among males.

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley 6. In recent election years, political scientists have analyzed whether a "gender gap" exists in political beliefs and party identification. The table shows data collected from a survey on gender and party identification. Complete parts a through d below.

https://xlitemprod.pearsoncmg.com/api/v1/print/math Party Identification Gender Male Female Totals

Democrat IndependentRepublican Totals 323 458 371 1152 585 536 448 1569 908 994 819 2721

a. Identify the response variable and the explanatory variable. Choose the correct answer below. Gender is the explanatory variable and party identification is the response variable. Party identification is the explanatory variable and gender is the response variable. b. What proportion of sampled individuals is (i) male and Republican, (ii) female and Republican? (i) The proportion of sampled individuals who are male and Republican is

.

(Round to two decimal places as needed.) (ii) The proportion of sampled individuals who are female and Republican is

.

(Round to two decimal places as needed.) c. What proportion of the overall sample is (i) male, (ii) Republican? (i) The proportion of the sample that is male is

.

(Round to two decimal places as needed.) (ii) The proportion of the sample that is Republican is

.

d. The figure displays the proportion of individuals identifying with each political party, given gender. Is there a difference between males and females in the proportions that identify with a particular party? Summarize whatever gender gap you observe. Choose the correct answer below.

Party ID Proportion

(Round to two decimal places as needed.) 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0

Male Female

Dem

Indep

Rep

Party ID

A. Conditional proportions suggest that more women than men are Democratic, and that more men than women are Independent or Republican. B. Conditional proportions suggest that more women than men are Republican, and that more men than women are Independent or Democratic. C. Conditional proportions suggest that more men than women are Democratic, and that more women than men are Independent or Republican.

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley

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1. D. Rate of return is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Terms of a CD is the explanatory variable. A. Grade received is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Effort is the explanatory variable. A. Number of children is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Mother's age is the explanatory variable.

2. D. Hours of daylight is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Month is the explanatory variable. C. Sales is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Advertising is the explanatory variable. A. Horoscope is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Birthday is the explanatory variable.

3. C. Number of children is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Mother's age is the explanatory variable. B. Happiness is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and Marital status is the explanatory variable. B. College GPA is the response variable because it is the outcome variable on which comparisons are made and High school GPA is the explanatory variable.

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Online 05 - Section 3.1-Doug Ensley 4.

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Income is the explanatory variable and happiness is the response variable. 0.140 0.610 0.251 0.163 0.525 0.312 0.127 0.623 0.251 No 0.270

5.

Gender is the explanatory variable and binge drinking status is the response variable. 2,128 2,931 No 0.52 0.48 0.42 0.58 D. Yes. Binge drinking appears to be more prevalent among males.

6.

Gender is the explanatory variable and party identification is the response variable. 0.14 0.16 0.42 0.30

A. Conditional proportions suggest that more women than men are Democratic, and that more men than women are Independent or Republican.

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