1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system What do you know?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What is the process of bone formation? • What are the structures of the long
bones? • What are the structures of the skeletal system?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Bone formation Identify the osteocytes. Osteo = bone Cyte = cell
Microscopic mature bone cells 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Bone formation
Ossification – new minerals deposit to form bone
Discuss the process of ossification?
How do we know ossification occurs?
Example 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Bone formation
Ossification – Minerals replace previously formed cartilage. Infants bones are soft and pliable because of incomplete ossification. As bones ossify, they become hard.
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Bone formation
How do we know ossification occurs? Long bones grow in length and ossify from the center to the ends. Give examples of ossification.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Bone formation
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Bone formation
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Types of Bones Discuss their possible function based on appearance.
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Types of Bones Long bones • Found in the arms and legs
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Types of Bones Flat bones • Bones of the skull • Ribs
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Types of Bones Irregular bones • Spinal column
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Types of Bones Short bones • Wrist
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Structures of long bones Identify structures of the long bones. Compare spongy bone to compact bone. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Structure of the long bones Compare structures of the long bones. Discuss the importance of having both types of bone tissue. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Structure of the long bones • •
•
•
Compact bone is the heaviest, hardest type of bone. It needs to be very strong as it supports your body and muscles as you walk, run, and move throughout the day. Spongy bone is found mostly at the ends of bones and joints • a lot like your kitchen sponge. Pores are filled with marrow, nerves, and blood vessels that carry cells and nutrients in and out of the bone. bones are filled with a soft tissue called marrow • Red bone marrow is where all new red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are made • Yellow marrow is made mostly of fat and is found in the hollow centers of long bones, such as the thigh bones Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bone as your body grows. They also rebuild existing bones when they are broken 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Structure of the long bones • • •
Osteoblasts are responsible for making new bone as your body grows. They also rebuild existing bones when they are broken Osteocytes are star shaped bone cells most commonly found in compact bone. They are actually old osteoblasts that have stopped making new bone Osteoclasts break down and reabsorb existing bone
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Skeleton
The axial skeleton is blue.
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Axial Skeleton
The axial skeleton is blue.
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Axial Skeleton
Skull
frontal view
Identify the structures of the frontal view of the skull. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Axial Skeleton
Skull lateral view
Identify the structures of the lateral view of the skull. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Axial Skelton
Hyoid Bone What is unique about the hyoid bone?
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Axial Skeleton
Spinal column
Vertebral Structure
Identify the structures of the spinal vertebra. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Axial Skeleton
Spinal column Identify the vertebrae in the spinal column. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Axial Skeleton
Spinal column Identify the vertebrae in this x-ray.
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Appendicular Skeleton
The appendicular skeleton is beige.
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Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle Identify the structures of the shoulder girdle and upper extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle Identify the structures of the lower extremities.
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Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvis Identify the structures of the pelvis.
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Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle Identify the structures of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities.
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Appendicular Skeleton
Pelvic girdle Compare the male and female pelvis.
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
Copyright Pearson Education, Inc.
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Joints: Articulations, points of contact between two bones Classified by fx or structure
•Picture of bonesxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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Joints
Movement
Diarthroses = moveable joints Four types
Ball and socket Pivot Gliding Hinge
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Joints
Ball and socket
One bone has a ball at one end The other has a concave socket Allows for the greatest range of motion Ex: shoulder
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Joints: Diarthroses
Example of a ball and socket joint.
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Joints
Hinge joint
Move in one direction
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Joints: Diarthroses
Example of a hinge joint
Knee Elbow Outer joint of finger
Define uniaxial
Affecting one axis
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Joints
Pivot joints
Bones that rotate across each other Axis at 2nd vertebrae allows head t turn
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Joints: Diarthroses
Identify the pivot joints in this x-ray Identify other pivot joints
neck 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Joints
Gliding joint
Bones with flat surfaces that slide across each other
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Joints
Example of gliding joint Give examples not pictured here
ankles
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Joints
Amphiarthroses
Partially movable joints
Cartilage connects the articulating bone
Examples: symphysis pubis – bone between two pubic bones Joints between vertebrae – allows trunk to move forward/sideways
Change picture to pubic bone/vertebrae
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Joints
Synarthroses
Immovable joints Connected by fibrous connective tissue, joints between cranial bones – known as sutures
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Bursa and Synovial Membrane
Bursa
Fluid-filled sac that contains the synovial membrane Lined by synovial membrane 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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Bursa and Synovial Membrane
Synovial membrane Capsule that encloses a joint
Lines the bursa Contains synovial fluid
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1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system Essential Standards: • What is the process of bone formation? • What are the structures of the long bones? • What are the structures of the skeletal
system?
1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
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1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system The End 1.02 Remember the structures of the skeletal system
