World War II Time Period: _________ to _________ US Entry: ______________

Name:______________________ Class:______________________

WW2 VOCAB 1.

Appeasement—practice of giving in to aggression to avoid conflict

2. “Arsenal of Democracy”—FDR‟s nickname for the US; we would supply countries fighting for democracy with what they need to be successful (#4 & #9 are exs) 3. Blitzkrieg—swift attacks launched by Germany during WW2 4. Cash „n‟ Carry — American policy w/ England; England could buy war supplies IF they paid cash & sent their own ships to the US to pick them up 5. Communism—a social system in which property and goods are owned in common (in reality the gov‟t takes over EVERYTHING & people live in fear & poverty) 6. Dictatorship—gov‟t in which one person or a small group holds complete authority; ex. Hitler + Germany, Mussolini + Italy, Stalin + Soviet Union 7. D-Day—June 6, 1944; day of the invasion of Western Europe by the Allied forces 8. Fascism—gov‟t system led by a dictator rooted in extreme nationalism & willingness to use brute force to expand 9. Holocaust—slaughter of Europe‟s Jewish population by the Nazis before & during WW2 10. Island-Hopping—Allied strategy during WW2 of capturing Japanese held islands to gain control of the Pacific Ocean 11. Lend-Lease—laws that allowed the US to sell arms & equipment to Britain 12. Nazi—member of the National Socialist Workers Party in Germany before & during WW2 13. Neutrality Acts—series of laws passed by Congress in 1935 that banned sales of weapons or loans to countries at war 14. Rationing—limitations on the amount of certain goods that people can buy 15. Treaty of Versailles—treaty signed in 1919 by Germany and its allies that formally placed the responsibility for WW1 on Germany

WW2: FIND SOMEONE WHO CAN TELL YOU… England & France’s foreign policy toward Hitler…

Allied Powers:

Event where Hitler agreed not to invade any more countries…

Axis Powers:

1.

1.

2.

2.

3.

Reason Hitler invaded Czech, Austria, Hungary & Poland…

Reason France & England declared war on Germany…

Date of German invasion of Poland…

1st Allied Power to fall to Hitler… Date it Happened…

3.

4. (later)… Foreign Policy of US during Hitler’s aggression…

How US Prime Minister helped England of England… even though we weren’t in the war… President of US…

Communist Fascist dictator dictator of of Italy… Soviet Union…

Method of warfare used against Poland & England by Hitler…

Hitler promised not to attack Reason & date this country, for US entry but did & they into WW2… became an Ally…

WW2 TEST REVIEW SHEET

name_________________________

1939

1940

1941

1943

1944

1945

1942

PRE-WW2 BACKGROUND

FYI… there is a vocab section on your test!

Treaty of Versailles—what is the link to Hitler?

Mussolini—where’s he from & how does he get into power?

Stalin—what happened to those who opposed him?

Appeasement—what is it? Why use it? Who used it?

DATES TO KNOW… Munich Conference—describe it

Invasion of Poland Fall of France Attack on Pearl Harbor

US Foreign Policy in 1930s?

D-Day V-E Day

Who did Japan attack in 1937?

V-J Day

WORLD WAR 2 BEGINS Axis Powers—who are they? Allied Powers—who are they?

France & 1940—what’s the link?

Nazi-Soviet Pact—who signed it? Why?

US INVOLVEMENT IN THE WAR Arsenal of Democracy = Lend-Lease & Cash ‘n Carry (describe)

War Production Board—what was it for?

Internment Camps / “Relocation Camps”—for whom? Why?

Increase in Women Working—why?

Rationing—what is it?

African-Americans—experience during the war?

END OF THE WAR NEARS D-Day—why was it so important?

How did war end in Europe?

Potsdam Declaration—what is it? Why is it important?

Island Hopping—who? What? Why?

Atomic Bombings—where? Why?

Nuremberg Trials & Tokyo Trials—why?

WORLD WAR 2: KWL Know

Want to know

Learned

WORLD WAR 2 MAP USE PAGE 773 1.

Label the following countries on your map… England France Italy Germany Soviet Union Czechoslovakia Poland Austria Belgium

2.

Create a key to show Allied Powers & Axis Powers & countries invaded by Axis powers. Allied Powers: England, France, Soviet Union Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan (not on map) Invaded Countries: France, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria & Belgium Countries that Switch Sides: Soviet Union & Italy

THE DICTATORS OF WORLD WAR 2 In the years leading up to WWII: _________________ states come to power in the ______________, Japan, ____________ and Italy.

SOVIET UNION

ITALY

GERMANY

JAPAN

LEADER GOVERNMEN T

TOOLS TO WIN SUPPORT

Played on anger over____________ __ ________________ __

Played on anger over____________ __ ________________ __

Promised to fix ___________ & fight __________

Promised to fix ___________ Blamed ________, gypsies & _____________ for Germany’s problems

Preached _________ superiority ____________ _ control of the gov’t

Preached __________ (Aryan) superiority

ONCE IN POWER

________ party control of the

__________ all political parties Controlled

Ended democratic rule & created a ______________

Assassinated political enemies

________ Gov’t control of __________ & ___________ ___ ___________ _ of gov’t is severely punishedtrials _________ & executions Peasants ordered to give _________ & animals for ______ run farms— resistors were _________ or sent to ___________ _

________ & banned gov’t _____________ Critics were ____________ or ________________ Conquered ______________-wanted to recall the glory days of the ________________ _

state Controlled ________, education & ________________ Concentration Camps: Jews were considered “_______________ _ of the ___________” Restored Germany’s ___________ (in defiance of the Versailles Treaty)

Persecuted ____________ ___ ____________ _ (controlled) the press Military took over gov’t offices

Germany Italy Japan USSR

TOTALITARIAN GOV’TS IN WW2

Assassinate political enemies Racial superiority Fix economy Fight communism Reclaim glory of the Roman Empire Government controlled religion Government controlled press Targeted Gypsies Government controlled education Militaristic state Trials and executions are staged Government takes over farms Criticism is punished Single party control Anger over Versailles Treaty Concentration camp Aggression Scapegoat Nazi Totalitarianism Fascism Mussolini Hirohito Tojo Stalin Hitler

How did the League

WORLD WAR 2 BEGINS

of Nations respond to Hitler’s violation of the Treaty of Versailles? 1938: Germany annexes ______________ & Sudetenland (part of ____________________)

Build Up to War

Munich Conference—use of appeasement to avoid war. Hitler promises ___________________________________. Neville Chamberlain feels he has achieved “____________________” Appeasement fails when Hitler seizes the rest of Czechoslovakia. Non-Aggression Pact signed b/w ______________ & _____________. Germany & Soviet Union will “split” the country of _______________.

Sept 1, 1939: Hitler invades _______________. German military uses the strategy known as ________________.

WW2 Begins

June, 1940: Germany begins its conquest of Western Europe. Hitler smashes through the Maginot Line to overthrow _____________. Only _______________ remains “free.” Churchill claims the British people will never ______________.

WW2: US ACTIONS BEFORE PEARL HARBOR

After WW1: Neutrality ActsLaws passed after _________ that ________ LOOPHOLES TO GET AROUND THE NEUTRALITY ACTS

the U.S. from selling or loaning _________ to countries ______________________.

1. Cash ‘n’ Carry: The U.S. will sell _________ to _________, BUT they have to pay _________ & __________ them away on their own ____________.

2. Lend-Lease Act:

The US will “__________” the British _____ ____________ & the British will “________” us ____________________.

Name_____________________________________________ Date________________

Children of Japanese Relocation Camps By Joyce Furstenau

On December 7, 1941, everything changed for all Americans, especially those of Japanese descent. On that date, the Japanese army bombed Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. World War II had already begun in Asia in 1937. Two years later, Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia. These actions split the global community. There were only two sides: the Allies and the Axis powers. The major Axis powers included Japan, Italy, and Germany. The Allies were the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and eventually, the United States. The bombing of Pearl Harbor stunned all Americans. The following day, on December 8, 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt declared war on Japan. There were about 120,000 Japanese Americans living on the West Coast at the time. Fear and mistrust began to take on a life of its own. Agents of the U.S. government came to the doors of Japanese American homes. They were searching for signs of loyalty to Japan. Children sometimes watched as innocent fathers were taken away even though they had committed no crimes. Children watched their parents bury Japanese books and swords. Families began destroying their Japanese artifacts as word spread about relocation centers. White children were quickly separated from Japanese children at school. Japanese children were frequently called names. Signs were posted on storefronts, "No Japs Allowed." In February of 1942, the President Roosevelt signed an executive order to round up all Americans of Japanese ancestry. All 120,000 Japanese Americans were to be sent to "relocation camps." These camps were spread out amongst seven states as well as Canada. The states were California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arkansas. Once a family received orders to "relocate," they had about seven days to pack their belongings. Each person was allowed to bring only two suitcases. Many children were instructed by their parents to wear as much as they could. Families sold their businesses, homes, and furniture for pennies on the dollar. Others simply lost their homes and possessions. Pets were not allowed. Children could only watch as strangers took away their family pets. Life in the relocation camps was difficult. Many of the first camps were constructed on racetracks or fairgrounds. A barbed wire fence surrounded each camp. Soldiers with guns watched from towers. These "relocated" Japanese Americans and their children were all prisoners. They could not leave. Horse stalls were temporarily offered to the families as their new homes. They

were small, dusty, and smelly. The Japanese families did their best to make these stalls into living quarters. There was no running water and no privacy. Many of these "rooms" had only one light bulb. There were no kitchens. People stood in line in large buildings called mess halls for meals. Their food was not prepared in traditional Japanese ways. When the permanent relocation centers were finished, families had to pack up and move again. Two of them were built in swampland in the state of Arkansas. Two were built in the dry, dusty land of Arizona. Most were built in remote areas. At first, many rooms had no heat. The barracks were poorly built. The families did their best to make their tiny apartments feel like home. Schools were started in empty buildings at these camps. Most had no supplies, chairs, or heat. Students brought their own books. Most had to share. Each day the children said the Pledge of Allegiance. They sang patriotic songs. They celebrated the holidays as best they could. Many families planted gardens. There they grew their own food. Children helped with the gardens. If livestock was permitted, the children also helped with these chores, too. Japanese children found many ways to pass the time. They played baseball, joined the Scouts, watched movies, and made kites. Some camps offered classes in ikebana, which is the Japanese art of flower arranging. Everyone tried to keep the hope of freedom alive. Finally, on December 18, 1944, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the camps were unlawful. The government began allowing Japanese Americans to leave. Many children were excited, but some were scared. Where would they live? Would their friends still call them names? How would they be treated upon their return? Many families had to find new places to live. Most lost their homes and businesses and had to find new jobs. Some even moved back to Japan. The children and their families had to start over. In the 1960's, the civil rights movement inspired some young Japanese Americans to begin the "Redress Movement." They wanted the U.S. government to apologize and repay the families $25,000 for each detainee who was kept in the relocation camps. In 1988, President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act providing $20,000 for each detainee and a formal apology. President George H. W. Bush issued a second formal apology in 1992 when a second Civil Liberties Act was passed. The U. S. government has preserved the relocation camp sites as historical landmarks. They are to serve as reminders of our country's failure to protect its citizens against prejudice.

Questions 1. What major event led to the creation of relocation camps? A. a demonstration against Japanese citizens B. the bombing of Pearl Harbor C. a parade honoring Japanese citizens D. the death of a Japanese politician 2. What U.S. president signed the order to "relocate" the Japanese Americans? A. President George H. W. Bush B. President Ronald Reagan C. President Franklin D. Roosevelt D. President Dwight Eisenhower 3. How many U.S. states had relocation camps? A. seven B. five C. six D. fourteen 4. Despite being denied their freedom, the children still recited what at school? A. The Pledge of Allegiance B. Japanese language C. The Constitution D. American language 5. What is ikebana? A. a Japanese hat with bananas on it B. a Japanese food made from bananas C. the Japanese art of flower arranging D. a Japanese banana 6. In the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, Japanese detainees were given $20,000 and what else? A. a car C. a house B. an apology D. a job

WW2 ENDS IN EUROPE: SURRENDER OF ITALY & GERMANY THINGS LOOK BLEAK FOR THE ALLIES IN 1942, BUT A NUMBER OF DECISIVE BATTLES LEAD TO THE DOWNFALL OF ITALY & GERMANY!

THE ALLIES PLAN A 3-PRONGED ATTACK: (OPERATION OVERLORD) o o o

Up the boot of Italy East into Germany from France West into Ger from Soviet Union.

Italy’s Surrender— Germany’s Surrender— Date of D-Day— ***Date WW2 is over in Europe (V-E Day)—

BATTLE FOR THE SOVIET UNION: Battle of Stalingrad— (790 / 793)

OPERATION OVERLORD

o Scorched Earth Policy: o Battle’s Outcome: BATTLE FOR ITALY: Defeat of Italy— (792) o Fate of Mussolini BATTLE FOR FRANCE: D-Day— (792) o Plan: o Outcome: WHILE OPERATION OVERLORD IS HAPPENING… SO IS THE… Bombing of Germany— (794) By: Hitler’s Fate—

END OF WW2 IN JAPAN After the surrender of _________________ & ____________ the US focuses on the war in the ____________________ (Asia—Japan).

Strategy to fight Japan= ____________________________-- we want to get to Japan.

US wins Battle of ____________________ & ______________________ (2 islands _______________________________)

US starts to ________________________.

_________________________ issues the _____________________ Declaration—note to Japan telling them to surrender or be _________________________.

Japan says ___________

August _____, 19____: ______________________, Japan August _____, 1945: _____________________, Japan

Japanese Surrender

THE LEGACY OF WW2 DEADLIEST WAR IN HISTORY

UNITED NATIONS Replaced the __________________

__________________ kill at least 150,000 Bombings = high number of __________________ex) ________________ __________________ Holocaust = ______ million __________ killed

NUREMBERG TRIALS

WHO? WHAT? SIGNIFICANCE? Trials of __________ after WW2 in ________________, Germany

Nazis accused of “________________” due to the Holocaust Significance = individuals can be held _____________ for their actions during __________

_____ keeping organization set up after ___________ to __________________ future wars __________________ is one branch set up to address _________ that could lead to ________ _____________ of Human Rights said that all __________ deserve __________ & _____________

COLD WAR WHO? WHY? WHEN? 1945-________ / _______ Period of ___________ b/w the ______ & Soviet Union over the _______ of _____________ US sought to enforce _______________ (wanted to stop it from ______________)