Name
Date
CHAPTER
25
CHAPTER TEST
The United States in World War II
Form C
Part 1: Main Ideas Write the letter of the best answer. (4 points each) ______ 1. To combat wartime inflation, the U.S. government did all of the following except a. raise and extend the income tax. c. encourage the purchase of war bonds. b. impose wage and price controls. d. increase production of consumer goods. ______ 2. During the war, women in the WAACs served as a. fighter pilots and foot soldiers. c. scientists and factory workers. b. shipbuilders and waitresses. d. nurses and radio operators. ______ 3. Germany’s goal in the Battle of the Atlantic was to a. invade the coast of Great Britain and then take over the entire country. b. keep food and war supplies from reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union. c. prevent Allied forces from landing in Normandy and liberating France. d. prevent the invasion of North Africa. ______ 4. The Supreme Commander of U.S. forces in Europe was a. George Patton. c. Douglas MacArthur. b. George Marshall. d. Dwight D. Eisenhower.
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______ 5. In the Battle of Stalingrad, all of the following contributed to the Soviet victory except a. a brutal winter. c. a massive Soviet counterattack. b. a massive Allied invasion. d. Hitler’s refusal to order a German retreat. ______ 6. The general who led Allied troops in battles on the islands of Bataan, Leyte, and Iwo Jima was a. Dwight D. Eisenhower. c. Charles Brown. b. Chester Nimitz. d. Douglas MacArthur. ______ 7. In deciding to use the atomic bomb against Japan, President Truman’s main goal was to a. end the war quickly. c. get revenge for Pearl Harbor. b. weaken Japan for a long time. d. save Japanese lives. ______ 8. The GI Bill of Rights made it possible for a. African Americans to serve in combat positions. b. soldiers to take short leaves from fighting. c. veterans to attend college for free. d. enlisted men to receive officer training.
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______ 9. Roosevelt’s decision to remove people of Japanese ancestry to internment camps was a response to a. strong anti-Japanese sentiment. b. verified reports of Japanese Americans acting as spies. c. the lack of Japanese Americans serving in the armed forces. d. rumors that the Japanese were developing an atomic bomb. ______ 10. An example of racial tensions during the war years is a. sit-ins in the South staged by CORE. b. the actions of the Tuskegee Airmen. c. anti-Mexican demonstrations in Detroit. d. the “zoot-suit” riots in Los Angeles.
Part 2: Map Skills Use the map to complete this section. Answer each question on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (4 points each) 11. Using the information on the map, describe how the Soviets stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union. 12. What were the Soviets able to do after they defeated the Germans on the Eastern front? Allied Advances in Europe and North Africa, 1942–1945 FINLAND
Axis Powers
NORWAY
Axis-controlled
North Sea
Normandy invasion June 6, 1944
Paris liberated Aug. 25, 1944
AL
19 4
4
UG
Stalingrad Aug. 21, 1942– Jan. 31, 1943
Caspian Sea
ROMANIA GO
SL
Black Sea
AV IA 4
RomeAnzio ALBANIA liberated June 4, 1944 Salerno
BULGARIA
Corsica
Au
g.
PO L A N D A
3
Kiev
4
MOROCCO
Algiers
19 4
19
L OV A K I
LY
POR T
H OS
YU
Sardinia
Casablanca
1 944
ITA
SPAIN
SOVIET UNION
Warsaw
AUSTRIA HUNGARY
SWITZ.
FRANCE
Operation Torch Nov. 4, 1942
1 9 45
GERMANY LUX. C ZE C
LITH. East Prussia
Berlin surrendered May 2, 1945 –45 1 9 44
BEL.
Moscow
Germans repulsed Dec. 1941
t
T UR K E Y GREECE
Tunis
TUNISIA
1943
SYRIA
Sicily Cyprus
LEBANON
Mediterranean Sea
PALESTINE N ov
ALGERIA
458 Unit 7, Chapter 25
LIBYA
. 194
2
Cairo El-Alamein Oct. 23–Nov. 5, 1942
EGYPT
TRANSJORDAN SAUDI ARABIA
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London
N
Se
NETH.
GREAT BRITAIN
ATLANTIC OCEAN
l Ba
19 4 4
IRELAND
Major battles
4
44
1 94
LATVIA
ic
Allied advances
SWEDEN
Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16, 1944– DENMARK Jan. 31, 1945
19
Neutral countries
a
Allied territory
Leningrad besieged Sept. 1941–Jan. 19, 1944
ESTONIA
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Test Form C continued
13. How does the map explain the Allied strategy for defeating Germany? Consider the number of fronts on which Germany was forced to fight. 14. After Allied troops landed in Normandy, about how long did it take for them to liberate Paris? 15. What was Operation Torch? How did it lead to an invasion of southern Europe?
Part 3: Document-Based Questions Historical Context: On D-Day, Allied troops landed at five different beaches on the coast of Normandy, in northern France. The German defense of Normandy was ferocious, especially at Omaha Beach. Study each document carefully and answer the question about it. (4 points each)
Document 1 Soldiers, Sailors and Airmen of the Allied Expeditionary Force! You are about to embark upon the Great Crusade, toward which we have striven these many months. The eyes of the world are upon you. The hopes and prayers of liberty-loving people everywhere march with you. In company with our brave Allies and brothers-in-arms on other Fronts, you will bring about the destruction of the German war machine, the elimination of Nazi tyranny over the oppressed peoples of Europe, and security for ourselves in a free world.
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Your task will not be an easy one. Your enemy is well trained, well equipped and battle-hardened. He will fight savagely. But this is the year 1944! Much has happened since the Nazi triumphs of 1940–41. The United Nations have inflicted upon the Germans great defeats, in open battle, man-to-man. Our air offensive has seriously reduced their strength in the air and their capacity to wage war on the ground. Our Home Fronts have given us an overwhelming superiority in weapons and munitions of war, and placed at our disposal great reserves of trained fighting men. The tide has turned! The free men of the world are marching together to Victory! I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle. We will accept nothing less than full Victory! Good Luck! And let us all beseech the blessing of Almighty God upon this great and noble undertaking. Dwight D. Eisenhower —Order of the day for June 5, 1944
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16. In this order, how does General Eisenhower try to encourage and inspire the troops who are about to invade Normandy?
Omaha Beach, D-Day morning, June 6, 1944
17. What physical sensations do you think these soldiers were experiencing?
460 Unit 7, Chapter 25
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Document 2
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Document 3 Our men simply could not get past the beach. They were pinned down right on the water’s edge by an inhuman wall of fire from the bluff. Our first waves were on that beach for hours, instead of a few minutes, before they could begin working inland. . . . The first crack in the beach defenses was finally accomplished by terrific and wonderful naval gunfire, which knocked out the big emplacements [longrange artillery built into the bluffs]. . . . When the heavy fire stopped, our men were organized by their officers and pushed on inland, circling machine-gun nests and taking them from the rear. As one officer said, the only way to take a beach is to face it and keep going. It is costly at first, but it’s the only way. If the men are pinned down on the beach, dug in and out of action, they might as well not be there at all. They hold up the waves behind them, and nothing is being gained. Our men were pinned down for a while, but finally they stood up and went through, and so we took that beach and accomplished our landing. We did it with every advantage on the enemy’s side and every disadvantage on ours. . . . . . . These units that were so battered and went through such hell are still, right at this moment, pushing on inland without rest, their spirits high, their egotism in victory almost reaching the smart-alecky stage. . . . Which proves that, while their judgment in this regard is bad, they certainly have the spirit that wins battles and eventually wars.
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—from a war dispatch by reporter Ernie Pyle at Omaha Beach
18. According to this report on the invasion of Normandy, what happened to soldiers at different stages of the invasion?
19. How do you think Allied soldiers who survived the D-Day invasion would look back on their experience? What reasons might they give for their survival when so many others died? Write a brief essay in response to this question, citing examples and evidence from the three documents. You may use the back of this paper or a separate sheet for your essay. (8 points)
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Part 4: Extended Response Answer each of the following questions in a short essay on the back of this paper or on a separate sheet. (10 points each) 20. How did mobilizing for the war transform American society? What were some short-term and long-term effects of this mobilization? Think About: • federal control over wartime production • the contributions of working people • scientists’ contribution to the war effort • gains for women and minorities
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21. How did the United States succeed in defeating Japan? Do you think this defeat could have been accomplished in any other way? Think About: • the region that Japan occupied in the Pacific • basic military strategy used by the United States • key battles and Allied leaders in the Pacific • what brought about Japan’s surrender
462 Unit 7, Chapter 25
