ESA/STAT/AC.78/9 8 June 2001 UNITED NATIONS DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS STATISTICS DIVISION Meeting of the Expert Group on International Economic and Social Classifications New York, 18-20 June 2001

General guidelines relative to the work program on classifications that WTO will undertake in the context of the ISIC and CPC revision process for 2007 World Tourism Organization

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (WTO) ORGANIZACION MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO (OMT) ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU TOURISME (OMT)

GENERAL GUIDELINES RELATIVE TO THE WORK PROGRAM ON CLASSIFICATIONS THAT WTO WILL UNDERTAKE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ISIC AND CPC REVISION PROCESS FOR 2007 1 (Revision 1.0)

June, 2001

ABSTRACT: This document should be understood as a specific component of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) project. It contains several initiatives that WTO believes should be taken into consideration for development in the next six years (2001-2006). These will take the form of a twofold set of initiatives that will consist of: -

promoting research and work in the field of classifications relative to the requirements of tourism analysis. coordinating the proposals that will eventually be submitted to the UNSC for adoption as new international standards in the field of tourism, and advising countries with regard to their application.

WTO clearly does not intend to tackle with regard to all the classifications referred to in this document. It will simply consider those that, after analysis, are deemed potentially worth updating on the basis of a proposal submitted to the UNSC. The only reason this document mentions so many different classifications (18 in all) is to open the way for a coherent and comprehensive discussion within the context of the WTO Committee on Statistics and Macroeconomic Analysis of Tourism and the program of work related to the revision of international statistical classifications, of the United Nations Statistics Division and the Expert Group on Economic and Social classifications.

1

This document has been prepared by the WTO Department of Statistics and Economic Measurement of Tourism and is a revision of the document presented to the WTO Committee on Statistics and Macroeconomic Analysis of Tourism, during its second meeting (29-30 January 2001). Comments have been provided by Canadian Tourism Commission, International Labour Organization, International Hotel & Restaurant Association to earlier drafts.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages 0.

Presentation

3-6

1.

Introduction

7-10

2.

Classifications designed specifically or principally for the development of the System of Tourism Statistics

11-17

2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.5. 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.

4.

Classification of purpose of visit (or trip) Classification of duration of trip (or stay) Classification of tourism accommodation Classification of means of transport SICTA (Standard International Classification Activities) TSP (List of Tourism Specific Products) TSA/TCA (List of Tourism Characteristic Activities) TSA/TCP (List of Tourism Characteristic Products)

of

Tourism

18-22

3.1. 3.2. 3.3. 3.4. 3.5. 3.6.

18-19 20 20-21 21 22 22

ISIC Rev.3 CPC Version 1.0 COICOP (Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose COFOG (Classification of the Functions of the Government EBOPS (Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification ISCO-88 (International Standard of Classification of Occupations)

Other classifications

23-24

4.1. 4.2 4.3 4.4

23 23 23-24 24

Classification by age group Socio-economic classification of visitors Classification of countries Classification of education levels

25

Annexes

2. 3.

4.

16 17 17

General classifications in which tourism is partially identified

Bibliography

1.

11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16

Proposal for Annex to CPC 2002 Tourism Statistics and the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) List of Tourism Specific Products (related to visitor consumption) Questionnaire prepared by WTO for the “Revision of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all economic activities” (ISICRev.3) (First draft) Table of results for the data to be obtained in the proposed questionnaire (First draft).

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PRESENTATION 0.1.

The definition that is presently used to describe tourism appears in the first set of international recommendations approved by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) in 1993. “Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. 2 The “activities of persons" refer to the pursuits of those individuals who qualify as “visitors”.

0.2.

However, as we will see later on in this document, the new recommendations approved in 2000 3 make possible the international comparability of the detailed data obtained in the process of quantification of the economic impacts of tourism (in the framework of the TSA), due to a definition of tourism from an economic point of view, made operational on the basis of a list of main items linked with the two general classifications, version 1.0 of the CPC and ISIC Rev.3.

0.3.

Like other economic activities, tourism analysis requires classifications. In this document, instead of presenting the classifications grouped from the traditional perspective of supply and demand, they have been grouped in blocks corresponding to the different methods used to obtain the targeted results. Three main blocks have been distinguished: -

Block 1 - classifications designed specifically or principally for the development of the national System of Tourism Statistics. In addition to the classifications that appear in REC93 (accommodation, purpose of visit, duration of stay, etc.), the new proposals that appear in REC00 have also been included (the list of tourism specific products and the lists of tourism characteristic products and activities).

-

Block 2 - general classifications, which contain elements that concern tourism. That is the case for CPC ver 1.0, ISIC Rev. 3, COICOP, etc.

-

Block 3 - specific classifications of diverse statistical units and variables, which are also used in specific areas of tourism analysis. This applies to the classification of countries, socio-economic classification of visitors, etc.

2

The term “activity of persons” is used herein as the general meaning of the word (e.g., a specific pursuit in which a person partakes) and not as an abbreviated term for “productive economic activity” as it is used for instance in ISIC. 3 The text referred to are: “Recommendations on Tourism Statistics”, approved by the UNSC in 1993. (Hereinafter REC93) “Tourism Satellite Account (TSA): Recommended methodological framework”, approved in 2000 (hereinafter REC00 or TSA:RMF).

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0.4. Visitors engage in a many different activities, which is why “tourism” can be studied from such a great variety of perspectives, e.g. its impact on the economy, the environment, local culture, landscape and infrastructure. However, much of the research presently carried out in this field tends to focus on quantifying physical and monetary flows associated with the economic impacts of the consumption of visitors and the broader associated demand. 0.5. More specifically, research focuses on quantifying the corresponding impacts of the different forms of tourism on the demand and supply of goods and services, on employment, on the balance of payments, on government income, etc. 0.6. As the demand associated with visitors encompasses a great variety of goods and services more or less specific to these consumers, not so much in terms of their intrinsic nature, but more in terms of their relative importance within global tourism demand, tourism, as such, does not appear in the general economic classifications, which are the basis of current economic data production. Nevertheless, in order to achieve comparability, tourism needs to be delineated on the basis of established conventions; thus, the new international standard associated with the TSA establishes a list of products and activities to make possible international data comparability of TSA data. This represents a breakthrough in the sphere of tourism statistics and must be put into its proper historical context in order to be properly understood. 0.7. In chapter XXl of 1993 SNA, it was suggested that countries should establish their own standards for developing satellite accounts. Consequently, countries were entirely free to establish their own statistical standards for their tourism satellite account, on the basis of a set of products and/or activities that they might consider as better adapted, from their point of view, to reflect the characteristics of tourism they wanted to highlight. The1993 SNA specifically advised countries to start developing a functionally-oriented satellite account by “analysing the structure of expenditure by product and looking at what activities deliver these goods and services”. 0.8. The work carried out by the various international bodies (in a first phase by WTO and OECD, who were later joined by Eurostat) has been instrumental in breaking new ground. The second international standard (REC00) for tourism statistics – which, like 1993 SNA, was the result of inter-institutional cooperation between these and other organizations, both public and private – was designed to make possible the international comparability of detailed results obtained from macroeconomic measurements of the economic impacts of tourism. 0.9. The operationalization of the term “tourism” has been established in the framework of macroeconomic analysis and brings into play, as evidenced in the document TSA:RMF, a set of products and activities, of major importance for tourism, drawn from the CPC and ISIC, and which are identified in this document as tourism characteristic products and activities. It therefore stands to reason that there must be a link between the forthcoming revision of these

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classifications and their utilization with a view to developing the implementation of the new Recommendation. 0.10. Two features were taken into account in terms of establishing principles to define these products and activities as characteristic: -

their instrumental character insofar as, in a worldwide context, detailed international comparability can only be achieved on the basis of a fixed list of products. In this respect, it should be noted that any country that, for its own purposes, wishes to extend the coverage and disaggregation of the lists of products and/or activities included in this document is free to do so;

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their provisional character. For the time being, the statistical approximation used to define whether a product or an activity is characteristic of or connected to tourism requires the use of pragmatic criteria. The spectacular development of the work carried out in the sphere of the TSA by the various countries has led WTO to design a questionnaire in order to evaluate the possibility of future modifications to the present list of tourism characteristic activities 4, based on this experience.

0.11. The definition of these products and activities must be based on pragmatic criteria:

•

tourism characteristic products: those which, in most countries, would cease to exist in meaningful quantity or those for which the level of consumption would be significantly reduced in the absence of visitors, and for which it seems possible to obtain statistical information;

•

tourism characteristic activities: once the set of tourism characteristic products has been defined, tourism characteristic activities can be identified as those productive activities which produce one or more of these products as a typical output of the production process characterizing the activity .

0.12. As mentioned earlier, a list of tourism characteristic products and activities5 is included in the new Recommendations.

4

The World Tourism Organization has identified a set of 44 countries that can be included in each of the following categories: countries with an established TSA countries that expect the implementation of their TSA to become highly developed during the period 2001/2003 countries that have recently developed relevant studies on the economic importance of tourism The aforementioned questionnaire is included in Annex 3 and the proposal for the presentation of results is included in Annex 4. 5 TSA:RMF uses as equivalent the term “tourism characteristic activities” and “tourism industries”.

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List of tourism characteristic products

1. Accommodation services 1.1. Hotels and other lodging services 1.2. Second homes services on own account or for free

List of tourism characteristic activities

1. Hotels and similar 2. Second home ownership (imputed) 3. Restaurants and similar

2. Food- and beverage-serving services 4. Railway passenger transport services 3. Passenger transport services 3.1. Interurban railway transport services 3.2. Road transport services 3.3. Water transport services 3.4. Air transport services 3.5. Supporting passengers transport services 3.6. Passenger transport equipment rental 3.7. Maintenance and repair services of passenger transport equipment

5. Road passenger transport services 6. Water passenger transport services 7. Air passenger transport services 8. Transport supporting services 9. Transport equipment rental

4. Travel agency, tour operator and tourist guide services 4.1. Travel agency services 4.2. Tour operator services 4.3. Tourist information and tourist guide services

10. Travel agencies and similar 11. Cultural services 12. Sporting and other recreational services

5. Cultural services 5.1. Performing arts 5.2. Museum and other cultural services 6. Recreation and other entertainment services 6.1. Sports and recreational sport services 6.2. Other amusement and recreational services 7. Miscellaneous tourism services 7.1. Financial and insurance services 7.2. Other good rental services 7.3. Other tourism services

0.13. While the corresponding text (Tourism Satellite Account (TSA): Recommended Methodological Framework) goes even further into explaining the innovative nature of its conceptual framework, additional explanations are nonetheless required relative to its applicability. It should, for example, be specified that the framework takes the form of a basic system of concepts, definitions, classifications, tables and aggregates linked to the standard tables of 1993 SNA from a functional perspective. Although developed to measure tourism economic impacts in a national economy on an annual basis, it is possible to use it (albeit partially, by readjusting some of its components, or making other necessary adjustments) in new fields of application with different levels of territorial coverage and different time references, etc. Consequently, the operative definition of the term “tourism” as related principally to a specific set of products and activities is not limited to a single application in the TSA but can also be used in other instruments of a statistical and/or economic nature designed to measure the economic impacts of tourism from a perspective that,

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while generally macroeconomic, can also have a bearing on other spheres of economic analysis.

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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1.

WTO has already published a number of different Manuals on how to apply the various concepts, definitions and classifications approved in REC93. As a result, a great deal of experience has been acquired in this field, with practically all the countries having developed their corresponding national Systems of Tourism Statistics (STS). This experience, coupled with the fact that REC00 has created new classifications for tourism analysis (consisting of a list of the main products consumed by visitors and a corresponding list of activities that supply visitors with those goods and services), has led WTO to shoulder responsibility for making proposals for updating and revising the related parts of two general classifications, namely CPC version 1.0 and ISIC Rev.3, the custodian of which is the United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD).

1.2.

Of the two sets of international recommendations in the field of tourism statistics approved by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC): -

the first (1993) relates to the development of national systems of tourism statistics (STSs) (i.e. the concepts, definitions and classifications to be applied for this purpose); and

-

the second (2000) to the development of the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA), a statistical tool that is the unifying element of most of the components of the STS 6.

In order for the STS to be, in its own right, a subsystem of the corresponding national Systems of Statistics, WTO believes that, besides the TSA, it would be necessary to have a Tourism Balance of Payments (TBP) because, as pointed out in the draft prepared by WTO 7, this would be another instrument unifying the referred subsystem, a function that the Balance of Payments performs for each country’s national System of Statistics 8.

The following scheme highlights the components of the System of Tourism Statistics: 6

Components of national Systems of Tourism Statistics (STSs) are considered to be both the statistical operations themselves (i.e. statistics drawn from surveys and administrative operations of statistical synthesis – like TSA-, etc.) and the specific tools and means used at some stages of the work that these operations entail (as is the case of classifications). Most of these components are focused on tourism economic analysis. 7 Forthcoming publication 8 To some extent a third unifying element could be a Tourism Labour Accounting System (LAS-T). A first version of the methodological design of the LAS-T was prepared by ILO and presented to the UNSC in March 2001.

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1.

BASIC STATISTICS 1.1. TOURISM CONSUMPTION 1.1.1. Concepts 1.1.2. Tourism units 1.2. TOURISM SUPPLY 1.2.1. Concepts and units 1.3. PRODUCTION FACTORS 1.3.1. Labour force 1.3.2. Capital 1.3.3. Technological innovations

2.

CLASSIFICATIONS RELATING TO TOURISM STATISTICS 2.1. Tourism specific products (List of) 2.2. Standard International Classification of Tourism Activities

3.

TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT (TSA) 3.1. TSA CONCEPTS 3.2. TSA AGGREGATES 3.3. CLASSIFICATIONS FOR TSA - Tourism characteristic products (List of) - Tourism characteristic activities (List of) 3.4. TSA TABLES OF RESULTS 3.5. TSA EXTENSIONS: TSA – Regional TSA – Indicators TSA – Supranational perspective TSA – Functional perspective TSA – Institutional perspective Tourism Labour Accounting System

4.

TOURISM BALANCE OF PAYMENTS

1.3. The basic objectives of this new contribution by WTO to the development of tourism statistics are: -

to establish the basic classifications that constitute the ultimate frame of reference for making quantitative analyses of the economic impacts of tourism developed in the last decade;

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-

to propose throughout the next six years (2001/2006) a series of measures relative to each of these classifications with the aim of updating and meeting the new requirements of tourism analysis.

1.4.

Reference to this six-year period is not arbitrary, but responds to the fact that the two basic general classifications that should broadly underpin the international comparability of the economic impacts of tourism are supported by the Central Product Classification (CPC) and the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), both of which will be revised with a view to their approval and implementation in 2007. This proposal is in keeping with the deadlines established by the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC): “the drafts for the revised classifications are scheduled to be completed in 2004 and to be presented to the UNSC in 2005. This will ensure that the translated publications are available by 2007 for implementation.”

1.5.

Instead of presenting the classifications grouped from the traditional perspective of supply and demand, they have been grouped in blocks corresponding to the different methods used to obtain the targeted results. Three main blocks have been distinguished: -

Block 1 - classifications designed specifically or principally for the development of the national System of Tourism Statistics. Apart from the classifications included under REC93 (such as classifications on accommodation, purpose of visit, duration of stay, etc.), are also included the new proposals that appear under REC00 (such as the List of tourism specific products and the lists of tourism characteristic products and activities).

-

Block 2 - general classifications, each of which is strongly related to tourism consumption and demand. That is the case for CPC ver 1.0, ISIC Rev .3, COICOP, etc.

-

Block 3 - specific classifications of diverse statistical units and variables, which are also used in specific areas of tourism analysis. That is the case for classification of countries, socio-economic classification of visitor, etc.

1.6.

With regard to classifications in Block 1, the steps taken should be geared to proposing the development of the new classifications and the measures required to revise and update existing classifications. Ultimately, the aim of these two exercises is to meet the new tourism analysis requirements that have emerged in association with the TSA framework.

1.7.

With regard to classifications in Block 2, steps must be taken to identify, at some level of aggregation, those items relative to tourism considered in each of them, on the basis of the definition of tourism accepted by the UNSC in

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relation to the macroeconomic analysis of tourism and related to the second Recommendation REC00 9. 1.8.

It would be reasonable to assume that this identification will not entirely meet all analytical objectives from a tourism perspective. Consequently, some of these classifications will require a Tourism Annex presenting, in addition to the separately identified elements related to “tourism” in the general classification, the other elements that are not identified in this classification (and which are necessary to meet the aforementioned analytical objectives). For the purposes of international comparability, the corresponding annexes should also stipulate the required levels of aggregation for both sets of elements.

1.9.

On applying these general criteria to the specific case of CPC and ISIC, it is necessary to use as a benchmark the lists of products and activities that are characteristic of tourism and presented in Annex II of the publication TSA:RMF.

1.10. The initiatives that need to be proposed with regard to the Block 3 classifications will in principle be limited to recommendations relative to the disaggregation levels deemed necessary vis- à-vis prevailing international classifications for the purpose of international comparability of data related to the measurement of the economic impacts of tourism. 1.11. In addition to these references regarding the way in which the different classifications analysed in this document have been structured, there is also a need to note the use of the term “classification” throughout this document insofar as it refers to three different scenarios:

9

-

in some cases, the classifications referred to are simply recommended forms of measuring certain variables. By way of example, we would cite those included in Section 2 (2.1 and 2.4);

-

on other occasions, the word “classification” is not used, but rather the term “list”, which has a more sectoral character with a specific application (see subsections 2.6 and 2.7);

-

finally, “classification” can also refer to a structure prepared with a high methodological content in a bid to harmonize concepts. By way of example, we would cite ISIC and CPC, both of which represent what we might term real statistical “languages”.

These abbreviations are used throughout this document: REC93, “Recommendations on Tourism Statistics”, approved by the UNSC in 1993. REC00, approved in 2000, presented in the document “Tourism Satellite Account (TSA): Recommended methodological framework” (also referred hereinafter as TSA:RMF).

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However, with the aim of conforming to the denominations used in REC93 relative to the design of the System of Tourism Statistics, we will continue to use the word “classification” on a general basis.

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2.

CLASSIFICATIONS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY OR PRINCIPALLY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF TOURISM STATISTICS

2.1.

Classification of purpose of visit (or trip)10

Information on the purpose of visit is needed to identify behavioural consumption and expenditure patterns of visitors. Purpose of visit is broken down into six groups: 1- Leisure, recreation and holidays 2- Visiting friends and relatives 3- Business and professional 4- Health treatment 5- Religion/pilgrimages 6- Other. Explanatory notes have been prepared for each group in this classification with a view to enhancing its universal application. Ø Definition of the main purpose of visit Paragraph 43 of REC93 (Part One, Section IV, Classifications of tourism demand) refers to “the purpose in the absence of which the trip would not have taken place”. On some occasions, the secondary or successive purposes can also be of interest from an analytical standpoint. This could, for example, hold true for a trip that encompasses visits to a number of different places for different purposes. Many other possibilities can be cited. The term “purpose of visit” would therefore appear to be too narrow in this context. Ø Use of the classification (a) from a tourism perspective REC93 states that this classification “is designed to measure the key segments of tourism demand for planning, marketing and promotion purposes”. One example of how this classification can be applied appears in REC00 (paragraph 2.23) that proposes applying this classification to same-day visitors and tourists. In the 1993 Balance of Payments, the classification is applied to: (a) business and (b) personal (health, education and other). Moreover, the standards published by Eurostat (Statistical Office of the European Union – EU) relative to tourism statistics11 also include a recommendation of this type. In this case, the 10

See REC93, Part One, Section IV, paragraphs 43-46 Commission Decision of 9 de December 1998 on the procedure for implementing Council Directive 95/57/EC on the collection of statistical information in the field of tourism. 11

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classification is split into two categories: (a) business and professional and (b) holidays, recreation or leisure (which includes the rest). (b) from other perspectives This classification of purpose of visit can also be used for analysing and investigating mobility. This classification can in fact be applied to different types of visitors, same-day visitors, tourists or persons in transit. Obviously, different lists are required for analysing the behaviour of these groups from the perspective of passenger transport or even tourism. However, such lists should contribute to a clearer delimitation of tourism and mobility as specific areas of the analysis of travel. Ø Future initiatives Given the importance of this classification in terms of tourism analyses, it would be advisable, in the short/medium term, to consult different countries in different geographical areas that use these classifications with the aim of ascertaining: (a) who this question targets, (b) whether it is classified by main purpose of trip or all purposes of trip, (c) the structure of the classification: the categories considered, and if a classification other than the REC93 classification is used, the reasons why a national version is used rather than the international standard, (d) what the information is used for, e.g. for the purpose of analysing tourism, mobility and/or others.

2.2.

Classification of duration of trip (or stay)12

The duration of the trip is an important statistical variable insofar as it enables us to determine whether a visitor is a tourist because a tourist cannot prolong his/her stay for more than one year. In addition, the duration of trip variable can be used to create different visitor categories that can in turn be used to measure, inter alia, the volume of tourism. The main categories are one-day visits without an overnight stay (0. Same-day visitor) and visits including at least one night (1. Tourist). The structure is as follows: 0. Same-day visitor 13 1. Tourist 1. From 1 to 3 2. From 4 to 7 3. From 8 to 28 3.1 From 8 to 14 3.2 From 15 to 28 12

See REC93 (Part One, Section IV), paragraphs 47–51. WTO recommends classifying same-day visits by the number of hours in accordance with paragraph 49 of REC93 (Part One, Section IV). 13

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4. From 29 to 91 4.1 From 29 to 42 4.2 From 43 to 56 4.3 From 57 to 70 4.4 From 71 to 91 5. From 92 to 365 5.1 From 92 to 182 5.2 From 183 to 365 Ø Use of the classification In the Eurostat standards, this variable comes under “length of stay”. For overnight trips, this is defined as the number of nights spent on a given trip. Ø Future initiatives It would be advisable to consult the countries that use this classification, on the basis of their practical experience, about the relevance of the different sections used in the list. Steps should also be taken to ascertain whether a smaller amount of sections would be sufficient to analyse the different forms of tourism. Moreover, enhanced data processing of statistical questionnaires has facilitated the generation of customized sections.

2.3.

Classification of tourism accommodation 14

This classification is also included in REC93 and is structured as follows: 1. Collective tourism establishments 1.1. Hotels and similar establishments 1.1.1. Hotels 1.1.2. Similar establishments 1.2. Specialized establishments 1.2.1. Health establishments 1.2.2. Work and holidays camps 1.2.3. Accommodation in public means of transport 1.2.4. Conference centres 1.3. Other collective establishments 1.3.1. Holiday dwellings 1.3.2. Tourist campsites 1.3.3. Other collective establishments, n.e.c. 2. Private tourism accommodation 2.1. Private tourism accommodation 14

See REC93, paragraph 74 (Part One, Section IV).

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2.1.1. Owned dwellings 2.1.2. Rented rooms in family homes 2.1.3. Dwellings rented from private individuals, households or professional agencies 2.1.4. Accommodation provided without charge by relatives or friends 2.1.5. Other private accommodation. Ø Use of the classification An outstanding example of the countries or independent territories that use the aforementioned classification is those of the EU where by law, every country is obliged to use EU standards: in this case, the classification is almost identical to the REC93 classification 15. Conversely, countries such as Australia use a specific accommodation classification that differs from the classification proposed by WTO insofar as it creates two big categories and differentiates between commercial and non-commercial activities. Ø Past initiatives16 In view of the problem that was being generated by the proliferation of various lists of accommodation classified according to use, WTO decided to submit, in October 2000, a proposal to the Technical Subgroup of the United Nations Expert Group on International Economic and Social Classification, with a view to the CPC update. 2.4. Classification of means of transport 17 This classification is included in REC93 and is in fact based on a classification published in 1979 as a provisional guideline for international tourism statistics. For tourism statistics, “the means of transport refers to the means used by a visitor to travel from his/her place of usual residence to the places visited”. This classification is structured as follows: 1. Air 1.1 Scheduled flights 1.2 Non-scheduled flights 1.3 Other services 2: Waterway 2.1 Passenger lines and ferries 2.2 Cruise 2.3 Other 3 Land 15

The basic difference between both is the inclusion of the Marinas in the EU standard as a separate item Annex 1 includes the revised text (June, 2001) of the proposal presented by WTO in October 2000, to the Technical Subgroup of the Expert Group on International, Social and Economic Classifications. 17 See REC93, paragraph 62 (Part One, Section IV). 16

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3.1 Railway 3.2 Motor coach or bus and other public road transport 3.3 Private vehicle (with capacity for up to eight persons) 3.4 Vehicle rental 3.5 Other means of land transport Ø Use of the classification The three big blocks defined in REC93 are used in the Eurostat standard although slight differences can be found in subsequent disaggregations. As far as possible, the Eurostat codes are defined by their consistency with CPA, which is the product classification used in the EU. This classification can be used from the standpoint of both supply and demand, with one exception: group 3.3 “Private vehicles” (with capacity for up to eight persons), which can only be used from a demand perspective. Ø Future initiatives The recommendations published by the Statistics Division of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), approved in September 1997, include a proposal to lump together scheduled and non-scheduled air transport, hitherto considered as two different groups in all the classification systems. This observation should be included in the actual classification. In addition, steps should be taken to establish the relationship between this classification and the CPC, TSP and COICOP, and, of course, with the new ICAO recommendation. 2.5 SICTA (Standard International Classification of Tourism Activities)18 SICTA is a classification of the economic activities of industries that produce goods and services that are consumed by visitors (this classification and the corresponding explanatory notes are included in Annex 2). It was prepared on the basis of strictly pragmatic criteria and was included in the text approved as first recommendation (REC93). The main feature of this classification is that it respects the structure of ISIC Rev. 3 and singles out the items that are linked with tourism, ignoring those that are not. Consequently, this classification only takes account of part of the construction and service sectors. In addition, a new digit is added to the existing 4 digits for the items that require greater disaggregation. The 4- and 5-digit items that form part of the classification are labelled with a “P” or a “T” depending on whether the class is partially or totally associated within the tourism industry. Ø Use of the classification 18

Standard International Classification of Tourism Activities (SICTA), included in REC93.

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Very little use has been made of this classification, mainly because countries are prone to use their own national classification systems that they adapt directly from ISIC Rev. 3 without taking account of other types of recommendations that do not stem from the general classification. Ø Future initiatives Eventually, SICTA will have to be updated after the ISIC revision.

2.6.

TSP (List of Tourism Specific Products)19

As indicated by the name, the TSP is a list and not a classification per se, which is why it should be considered as a simple enumeration of main products associated with visitor consumption. The list of tourism specific products appears in the new Recommendations (REC00) insofar as it was defined in the context of the work carried out in connection with the methodological design of the TSA and on the basis of 1993 SNA definitions and criteria. We would draw attention to the following paragraphs, which we consider to be most significant20: Regarding the criteria by which these categories may be distinguished: the identification of the products considered as tourism characteristic, tourism connected and tourism specific roughly follows these pragmatic criteria: Tourism characteristic products: products, which in the absence of visitors, in most countries, would probably cease to exist in meaningful quantity or for which the level of consumption would be significantly reduced and for which it seems possible to obtain statistical information. The corresponding list makes possible the international comparability of the detailed data obtained in the process of quantification of the economic impacts of tourism (in the framework of the TSA), due to a definition of tourism from an economic point of view, made operational on the basis of the main items consumed by visitors in terms of the CPC Version 1.0. Tourism-connected products: a residual category, including those that have been identified as tourism-specific in a given country but for which this attribute has not been acknowledged on a worldwide basis. Tourism-specific products: the sum of the two previous categories.

19 20

See Annex 2 TSA:RMF heading 3.17

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 19

This list is both innovative and provisional and should therefore be considered as an instrument whose implementation should be tested by the countries that prepare a TSA. This will eventually engender a thorough revision of this list insofar as its design has been underpinned by strictly pragmatic criteria. WTO suggests that this list of Tourism Specific Products should be included as an annex in the future publication of the revised CPC with a view to its dissemination among as many potential users as possible.

2.7.

TSA/TCA (List of Tourism Characteristic Activities)

This list is necessary for the TSA and conforms to the list of tourism characteristic products derived from the TSP. Consequently, it also appears in REC00 as a tool to measure the international comparability of the results obtained by using this type of statistical instrument 21 . The TSA/TCA has been designed in such a way as to guarantee the required consistency with ISIC and SICTA. The TSA/TCA is made up of the following items: 1. Hotels and similar lodging services 2. Second home ownership (imputed) 3. Restaurants and similar food serving services 4. Railway passenger transport services 5. Road passenger transport services 6. Water passenger transport services 7. Air passenger transport services 8. Supporting passenger transport services 9. Passenger transport equipment rental 10. Travel agencies and similar 11. Cultural services 12. Sporting and other recreational services Until the implementation of the TSA, which was approved in March 2000, we should refrain from making comments relative to the use of this classification. What needs to be done at this stage is to disseminate it and examine the extent to which it is consistent with the main classifications. , 2.8.

TSA/TCP (List of Tourism Characteristic Products) 22

21

See paragraph 0.11 of this document.

22

See paragraph 0.11 of this document

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 20

REC00 identifies which of the products that appear in the TSP list are “characteristic” of tourism (labelled in Annex 2 with the asterisks “*”) and those that can only be considered as “connected”. This definition has been made solely and exclusively for the purpose of the international comparability of the data derived from national Tourism Satellite Accounts. This list, like the previous one, has been drawn up on the basis of strictly pragmatic criteria.

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 21

3.

GENERAL CLASSIFICATIONS IN WHICH TOURISM IS PARTIALLY IDENTIFIED

3.1.

ISIC Rev. 3 23

From a functional perspective, 1993 SNA defines “industry” as a “group of establishments engaged in the same kind of productive activities”. The set of characteristic tourism activities does not comprise a single industry conforming to this definition. But it does include a number of classes of “industries” in the ISIC sense. Consequently, the TSA defines “tourism industries” as all establishments whose principal activity is a tourism characteristic productive activity 24. It should be borne in mind that it was precisely for the purpose of identifying tourism activities that WTO prepared SICTA, which was approved as part of REC93. As mentioned earlier on (2.7), there is a link between TSA/TCA (List of Tourism Characteristic Activities) and ISIC Rev. 3 and SICTA93. However, there is a poor interrelationship between these two classification systems due to the fact that they were designed to meet different objectives and do not use the same definitions of characteristic and connected products. ISIC Rev. 3 is the classification presently used by the UN to classify economic activities. With the passing of time, ISIC Rev. 3, which was approved in 1989, will become outdated. The recognition, on the part of many countries including USA, Canada, Mexico and the European Union, of the advantages of updating their classifications to reflect new realities while at the same time bringing them closer together, led to the adoption of the agreement at the UNSC meeting held in February 2000, to revise ISIC Rev. 3. Consequently, once the present ISIC is revised, it would be appropriate to revise SICTA. The revision of ISIC will take place in two phases: Phase 1, in 2002, will consist of a minor update that will not involve any structural changes, and Phase 2, in which the structure of the classification will be revised, engendering a new ISIC. The new classification is scheduled to come into force in 2007 although the main part of the structure should be defined by 2004. A Technical Subgroup has been created to pilot this project within the United Nations Statistics Division.

23

ISIC Rev. 3 International Standard Industrial Classification of All Economic Activities, third revision, Statistical Papers, Series M, Nº 4, Rev.3 24 See TSA:RMF, paragraph 0.4

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 22

Ø Future initiatives WTO would propose that, as far as possible, the main activities that characterize tourism should be identified in the general classification itself. Ø Brief description of the main tasks In relation with future proposals, three different scenarios come into play and each should be dealt with as suitably as possible: (a) activities that are basically tourism activities: Tourism accommodation Restaurants and bars Passenger transport Travel agencies and tourism information services (b) activities that are partially linked with tourism but that have great importance for the quantification and the analysis of tourism: Retail trade Cultural services Sports services Other activities to be considered (c) those activities that are generally not closely linked with tourism (all other activities). From this perspective and taking into consideration the great development of the different tasks related to the preparation of a TSA to be performed by the different countries, WTO has designed a questionnaire 25 to be addressed to a special group of countries – about 44 approximately – whose characteristic is mainly to have already advanced projects (or projects to be implemented during the period 2001/2003), related to the TSA or any other type of instruments to quantify the economic impacts of tourism. Before disseminating the questionnaire to its respondents, for their information and to draw on their knowledge,the WTO will transmit it to the different statistical agencies of the United Nations family and to the members of the above mentioned Technical Sub-Group, for comment. The future recipients of the questionnaire will be the persons in charge of these projects and, in some countries also those responsible for the Classification Unit, in the corresponding Central Statistical Offices. 26

25 26

See Annex 3 This happens in very specific cases, when the country has a highly developed statistical infrastructure

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 23

3.2.

CPC Version 1.027

Version 1.0 of the Central Product Classification (1998) is relatively modern insofar as the first version dates back to 1989 and was among the first UN product classifications to include both goods and services; world classification systems having previously excluded services and only taken account of goods. The CPC was created to meet a dual purpose: to classify products and to provide a framework in which to compare product data from different sources. The preparation of the TSP (List of Tourism Specific Products) was based on the CPC insofar as this is the central classification in terms of products. Hence, the first five digits of the TSP list correspond to the code used in Version 1.0 of the CPC, on which it is based. Ø Past and future initiatives With respect to the 2002 update of the CPC, WTO has proposed that an Annex be included that would show the relationship between the detail within the CPC and the concept of Tourism accommodation. In connection with the TSP list, it must be stated that the correspondence of every item of the TSP list with the CPC has been done and it has also been identified when this correspondence is only partial. In these cases, a sixth digit has been introduced with a figure different from zero (0), and WTO will propose that, where possible, these specific items be incorporated in future revisions of the CPC. At the same time, proposals for changes to the CPC that take into account the experience acquired in developing national Systems of Tourism Statistics and future requests, linked with tourism, arising from the development of TSAs, will also be submitted for consideration in the future revision of the CPC. They will cover accommodation and other tourism specific products. The same Technical Subgroup already mentioned under 3.1 is also responsible for the future revision of the CPC.

3.3.

COICOP ( Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose)

With the aim of operationalizing the definition of tourism in the context of economic analysis and exercises designed to quantify the economic impacts of this activity, visitor consumption has been delineated in terms of a set of products identified as tourism characteristic. As stated in REC00, these services are based on the CPC; this list should therefore enable us to analyse the demand-side of this component in juxtaposition with the supply-side.

27

CPC, Central Product Classification Version 1.0, Series M Nº 77

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 24

However, in addition to this classification based on the nature of the products acquired by visitors, 1993 SNA contemplates a classification of household consumption based on the purpose or aim of the expenses, called “Classification of Individual Consumption by Purpose (COICOP)”. The visitor must move from his usual environment and must provide for his basic needs: nourishment, leisure, recreation, healthcare and whatever other aim or purpose related to his trip. A classification of tourism consumption by purpose aims to show the expense incurred from this functional perspective. Increasing the amount of detail in the classifications of products and activities and identifying the different tourism-related categories therefore represents a major step forward in terms of increasing our knowledge and understanding of the phenomenon of tourism. Classification of visitor consumption expenditure, according to the purpose of visitor consumption, should be classified on the basis of the COICOP approved in March 2000 by the UNSC. Another classification was proposed in REC93 as the COICOP did not exist, at the time. At this stage, however, there is no need for a classification other than the COICOP. Ø Future initiatives Steps should be taken to establish the correspondence between the TSA/TCP (List of Tourism Characteristic Products) and COICOP with a view to facilitating the use of this general classification for the purpose of analysing tourism. This correspondence will be inferred on the basis of the correspondence between the COICOP and CPC. Analyses of this correspondence may engender recommendations relative to the disaggregation of the COICOP with a view to enhancing its application for the purpose of tourism analyses.

3.4.

COFOG (Classification of the Functions of the Government)

The COFOG, like the COICOP, is a basic classification in 1993 SNA. A revision of the COFOG was approved in 2000. In this respect, there is need to cite REC00, which states that although “the public sector plays an important role in harmonizing the development of tourism activities in many countries, table 9 of TSA “Tourism collective consumption” presents difficulties of a different kind. Consequently, it should only be considered in a second stage”28.

28

See TSA:RMF, paragraph 4.103

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 25

Ø Future initiatives Steps could be taken to propose, eventually, an analysis of the extent to which the COFOG corresponds to the list of functions used in Table 9 of the TSA. 3.5. EBOPS (Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification)29 A Manual on Statistics of International Trade in Services has been prepared in association with the EU, IMF, OECD, UN and the World Trade Organisation, and has been approved by the UNSC this year. Ø Future initiatives WTO understands that international harmonization of information relative to foreign transactions is an objective that requires a clear correspondence between EBOPS, Memorandum items included in the Manual and TSA/TCP (List of Tourism Characteristic Products). In consequence, WTO will explore with the Task Force on Statistics of International Trade in Services the initiatives that could be foreseen in regard to this objective.

3.6 .

ISCO-88 (International Standard of Classification of Occupations)

Since employment is a very relevant factor in terms of analysing the economic impacts of tourism, it is deemed important to identify the occupations that are characteristic of tourism industries in the ISCO-88. In this respect, ILO has already proposed to WTO a strategy concerning occupations of interest to tourism. In essence, that strategy is the same as the one used to create the List of Tourism specific products (TSP) described in point 2.6. ILO will also assist WTO in implementing this strategy.

29

Manual of Statistics of International Trade in Services, Annex 2, draft 5, November 2000

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 26

4.

OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS

4.1.

Classification by age group

Some studies require the age of the visitor insofar as this variable provides us with information about the type of tourism activities he/she will engage in. Age groups can be defined on the basis of the analysis in question. If the age groups are represented by intervals, these must always be five-year intervals, and must subsequently be aggregated or disaggregated, five-year intervals being the universal system used in the tables required in the Recommendations for censuses.

4.2.

Socio-economic classification of visitors

It should be appropriate to analyse the use of a classification of this nature related to visitors at the place of their usual residence and during the course of their current activity. Such a classification should, in any case, be structured according to the categories specified in the revised UN “Principles and recommendations for population housing censuses”: 1. Currently active population (labour force) 1.1. 1.2. 2.

Population not economically active 2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4.

4.3.

Employed population Unemployed population

Population not usually active Population not currently active (not in the labour force) Retired Other. Classification of countries 30

This classification targets countries or geographic areas on which the Statistical Division of the United Nations compiles information. Each country is represented in three different ways: by two letters, by three letters and by three digits. These three forms of representation are the same as those identified in International Standard ISO 3166-131 relative to country coding.

30

“United Nations standard country or area codes for statistical use”, United Nations Statistics Division ST/ESA/STAT/SER.M/49/Rev.4, 31 August 1999 31 International Standard ISO 3166-1 “Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivision Part 1 Country Codes” (Geneva, International Organisation for Standardization, 1997)

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 27

Paragraphs 52-57 (Part One, Section 4) of REC93 suggests using the country or area codes used by the UN for developing a classification of countries and areas for tourism statistics, which is ideal. Ø General evaluation of its use for statistical purposes The use of this classification in tourism is optimum insofar as it is used in other surveys, which will, to a certain extent, facilitate the comparability of the information. Unlike all the other classifications in this block, this classification does not need to be adapted for use in tourism statistics. Ø Future (medium-term) initiatives Information should be obtained on classifications “according to area of residence or destination within countries”32. The countries in question can be asked to provide this information. In some cases, it might be advisable to inform countries of the internal territorial divisions used by other countries in their studies.

4.4.

Classification of education levels

The International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED), approved at the 29th Session of the UNESCO General Conference, should be used in for coding variables linked with education. ISCED classifies educational programmes by level and field of education. It includes a sector that comes under heading 812, “Travel, leisure and tourism”. This heading does not encompass all tourism activities but does provide an approximation. Steps should be taken to indicate which of these sectors correspond to tourism activities.

32

Recommendations on Tourism Statistics (Rev 1.0), 57

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 28

Bibliography • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Recommendations on Tourism Statistics – Statistical Papers – Series M No. 83 – United Nations, New York, 1994 Tourism Satellite Account (TSA): Recommended Methodological Framework, UNEUROSTAT-OECD-WTO, April 2001 Manual of Statistics of International Trade in Services, draft 5 November 1999 CPC, Central Product Classification Version 1.0, Series M Nº 77, see 1.0, http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/class/class1.htm ISIC-Rev.3 International Standard Industrial classification of All Economic Activities, third Revision, Statistical Papers, Series M, Nº 4, Rev.3 http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/class/class1.htm CPA, Statistical Classification of product by Activities in the European Economic Community, 1996 version ISBN 92-828-4179-0 http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon NACE, Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European community, ISBN 92-826-8767-8 http://europa.eu.int/comm/eurostat/ramon NAICS Canada, North American Industry Classification System, version used in Canada http://www.statcan.ca:80/english/Subjetcs/Standard/index.html NAICS Canada, North American Industry Classification System, version used in the United States of America Framework for the Collection and Publication of Tourism Statistics, Australian Bureau of Statistics, December 1997 Commission Decision of 9 de December 1998 on the procedure for implementing Council Directive 95/57/EC on the collection of statistical information in the field of tourism ISCO-88, International Standard Classification of Occupations, ILO, 1990, ISBN 92-2106438-7 United Nations and World Tourism Organization, “Recommendations on Tourism Statistics”, in Recommendations on Tourism Statistics (United Nations publication, Sales No.E.94.XVII.6), Part One. --------------, “Standard International Classification of Tourism Activities” (SICTA), in ibid, Part Two.

WTO/OMT GENERAL GUIDELINES ON CLASSIFICATIONS (Rev.1.0) – page 29

ANNEX 1

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (WTO) ORGANIZACION MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO (OMT) ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU TOURISME (OMT)

PROPOSAL FOR ANNEX TO CPC 2002 TOURISM STATISTICS AND THE TOURISM SATELLITE ACCOUNT (TSA)

The collection and compilation of Tourism statistics and the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) recommends the identification of tourist expenditure on particular products. The definition used to describe tourism and approved by the United Nations Statistical Commission in 1993 states “Tourism comprises the ‘activities of persons’ travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited.” The ‘activities of persons‘ refer to the pursuits of those individuals who qualify as “visitors”. The ‘products’ that ‘visitors’ purchase are of relevance to the analysis of the impact of tourist expenditure on the economy. Accommodation is one of the most important components of tourist expenditure on products and is regarded as a tourism characteristic product in the Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). The analysis of Tourism and its impact on the economy requires the collection and compilation of data about Tourist accommodation.

(cont’d)

30

Tourist Accommodation The following table indicates the main CPC codes that it would be necessary to use for the purpose of compiling data about Tourist Accommodation. The code of the entire CPC subclass is provided even though, in some cases, data relating to only part of the subclass is relevant for Tourism analysis. CPC 631 63110 63191 63192 63193 63194 63195 63199

Lodging Services Hotel and motel lodging services Holiday centre and holiday home services Letting services of furnished accommodation Youth hostel services Children’s training and holiday camp services Camping and caravanning site services Other lodging services n.e.c.

72111*

Renting or leasing services involving own or leased

residential property. (only that part of this CPC subclass that refers to dwellings rented from private individuals by tourists) 72211 * contract

Residential property management services on a fee or

basis (only that part of this CPC subclass that refers to residential property management services that manage time share properties used by tourists).

31

ANNEX 2 List of tourism-specific products (related to visitor consumption)

CPC/code 63110.0* 63191.0* 63192.0* 63193.0* 63194.0* 63195.0* 63199.1* 63210.0* 63220.0* 63290.0* 63300.0* 64111.1* 64111.2* 64112.0 64211.0 64212.0 64213.0* 64214.0* 64219.1* 64219.2* 64221.0* 64222.0* 64223.0* 64224.0

Title Hotel and motel lodging services Holiday centre and holiday home services Letting services of furnished accommodation Youth hostel services Children's training and holiday camp services Camping and caravanning site services Sleeping-car and similar services in other transport media; hall residence of students Meal-serving services with full restaurant services Meal-serving services in self-service facilities Other food-serving services Beverage-serving services for consumption on the premises Scheduled rail services of passengers Non-scheduled rail services of passengers Urban and suburban railway transport services of passengers Urban and suburban scheduled road transport services of passengers Urban and suburban special purpose scheduled road transport services of passengers Interurban scheduled road transport services of passengers Interurban special purpose scheduled road transport services of passengers Scheduled ski-hills services Teleferics-funicular services Taxi services Rental services of passenger cars with operator Rental services of buses and coaches with operator Road transport services of passengers by man- or animal-drawn vehicles

65111.0* 65119.1*

Coastal and transoceanic water transport services of passengers by ferry Other coastal and transoceanic scheduled water transport services of passengers 65119.2* Other coastal and transoceanic non-scheduled water transport services of passengers 65119.3* Cruise ship services * Tourism characteristic products 65119.4 65130.1* 65140.0 65211.0* 65219.1*

Passenger services on freight vessels Rental services of passenger vessel for coastal and transoceanic water transport with operator Towing and pushing services on coastal and transoceanic waters Inland water transport services of passengers by ferries Scheduled inland water transport services of passengers

32

65219.2* 65219.3* 65230.0* 65240.0

Sightseeing excursion services Cruise services Rental services of inland water passenger vessels with operator Towing and pushing services on inland waters

66110.0* 66120.1* 66120.2* 66400.0*

Scheduled air transport services of passengers Non-scheduled air transport services of passengers Sightseeing services, aircraft or helicopter Rental services of aircraft with operator

67300.0* 67400.0* 67510.0* 67520.1 67520.2 67530.1* 67590.0 67610.0* 67630.0 67690.1* 67690.2* 67710.0* 67790.0*

Navigational aid services Supporting services for railway transport Bus station services Highway operation services Bridge and tunnel operation services Parking of passenger terminal transport Other supporting services for road transport Port and waterway services (excluding cargo handling) Vessel salvage and refloating services Vessel fuelling services Maintenance and upkeep services to private recreation passenger services Airport operation services (excluding cargo handling) Other supporting services for air or space transport

67811.0* 67812.0* 67813.0* 67820.0*

Travel agency services Tour operator services Tourist information services Tourist guide services

71100.1* Travel card services 71100.2* Travel loan services 71100.3 Vehicle loan services 71311.1* Travel life insurance services 71320.1* Travel accident insurance services 71320.2* Travel health insurance services 71331.1 Private motor vehicle insurance services * Tourism characteristic products 71334.1* 71334.2* 71339.1* 71552.0*

Passenger’s aircraft of own use insurance services Passenger’s vessel of own use insurance services Travel insurance services Foreign exchange services

72211.1*

Support services to time-share activities

73111.0* 73114.1*

Leasing or rental services concerning cars and light vans without operator Leasing or rental services concerning campers/motor homes without operator 33

73115.1* 73116.1*

Leasing or rental services concerning passenger vessels without operator Leasing or rental services concerning passenger aircraft without operator

73240.1* 73240.2* 73240.3* 73240.4* 73240.5* 73240.6* 73290.1*

Non-motorized land transport equipment leasing or rental services Winter sports equipment leasing or rental services Non-motorized air transport equipment leasing or rental services Water sports and beach equipment leasing or rental services Camping equipment leasing or rental services Saddle horse leasing or rental services Photographic camera rental services

83811.1 83820.0 83910.0

Passport/visa photo services Photography processing services Translation and interpretation services

84510.0 84520.0

Library services Archive services

85970.0*

Trade fair and exhibition organization services

87141.0 87142.0 87143.0*

Maintenance and repair services of motor vehicles Maintenance and repair services of motorcycles and snowmobiles Maintenance and repair services of trailers, semi-trailers and other motor vehicles not elsewhere classified Maintenance and repair services of leisure vessels of own use Maintenance and repair services of leisure aircraft of own use Maintenance and repair services of other goods not elsewhere classified

87149.1* 87149.2* 87290.1

91131.1* Fishing license services * Tourism characteristic products 91131.2*

Hunting license services

91210.1* 91210.2* 92900.1 92900.2

Passport issuing services Visa issuing services Language instruction services Operating license training services

96151.0 96230.0* 96310.0* 96411.0* 96412.0* 96421.0* 96422.0* 96510.0* 96520.1*

Motion picture projection services Performing arts facility operation services Services of performing artists Museum services except for historical sites and buildings Preservation services of historical sites and buildings Botanical and zoological garden services Nature reserve services including wildlife preservation services Sports and recreational sports event promotion and organization services Golf course services 34

96520.2* 96520.3* 96520.4 96520.5* 96590.1* 96620.1 96620.2* 96910.1* 96910.2* 96910.3* 96920.1* 96920.2*

Ski fields operation services Race circuit Services of riding academies Recreation park and beach services Risk sport and adventure Sports school services Guide services (mountain, hunting and fishing) Theme park services Amusement park services Fair and carnival services Casino services Slot machine services

97230.1 97230.2 97230.3 97230.4* 97910.0*

Fitness centre services Sauna/steam bath services Massage services Spa services Escort services

99000.0

Services provided by extraterritorial organisations and bodies

62121.1 62122.1

Non-specialized store retail trade services of fruit and vegetables Non-specialized store retail trade services of dairy products, eggs and edible oils and fats 62123.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of meat, poultry and game * Tourism characteristic products 62124.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of fish and other seafood 62125.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of sugar confectionery and bakery products 62126.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of beverages 62128.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of tobacco products 62132.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of tents and camping goods 62133.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of articles of clothing, articles of fur and clothing accessories 62134.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of footwear 62142.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of radio and television equipment, musical instruments and records, music scores and tapes 62151.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of books, newspapers, magazines and stationery 62152.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of photographic, optical and precision equipment 62154.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of watches, clocks and jewellery 62155.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of sports goods, including bicycles 62156.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of leather goods and travel accessories 62159.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of souvenirs 62175.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of perfumery articles, cosmetic

35

articles and toilet soaps Non-specialized store retail trade services of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles and related parts and accessories 62182.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of other transport equipment, except bicycles 62184.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of computers and packaged software 62191.1 Non-specialized store retail trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products 62221.1 Specialized store retail trade services of fruit and vegetables 62222.1 Specialized store retail trade services of dairy products, eggs and edible oils and fats 62223.1 Specialized store retail trade services of meat, poultry and game 62224.1 Specialized store retail trade services of fish and other seafood 62225.1 Specialized store retail trade services of sugar confectionery and bakery products 62226.1 Specialized store retail trade services of beverages 62228.1 Specialized store retail trade services of tobacco products 62232.1 Specialized store retail trade services of tents and camping goods * Tourism characteristic products 62233.1 Specialized store retail trade services of articles of clothing, articles of fur and clothing accessories 62234.1 Specialized store retail trade services of footwear 62242.1 Specialized store retail trade services of radio and television equipment, musical instruments and records, music scores and tapes 62251.1 Specialized store retail trade services of books, newspapers, magazines and stationery 62252.1 Specialized store retail trade services of photographic, optical and precision equipment 62254.1 Specialized store retail trade services of watches, clocks and jewellery 62255.1 Specialized store retail trade services of sports goods, including bicycles 62256.1 Specialized store retail trade services of leather goods and travel accessories 62259.1 Specialized store retail trade services of souvenirs 62275.1 Specialized store retail trade services of perfumery articles, cosmetic articles and toilet soaps 62281.1 Specialized store retail trade services of motor vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles and related parts and accessories 62282.1 Specialized store retail trade services of other transport equipment, except bicycles 62284.1 Specialized store retail trade services of computers and packaged software 62291.1 Specialized store retail trade services of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels and related products * Tourism characteristic products 62181.1

36

ANNEX 3

WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (WTO) ORGANIZACION MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO (OMT) ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU TOURISME (OMT) REVISION OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (ISIC-REV.3) Questionnaire (First draft) WTO understands that the main activities that characterize tourism should be identified in the future revision of ISIC. Once the present ISIC Rev.3 has been revised, it may be considered feasible to start revising SICTA. Three different scenarios come into play and each should be dealt with as suitably as possible: (a) activities that are basically tourism activities: - tourism accommodation - restaurants and beverages - passenger transport - travel agencies and tourism information services (b) activities that are partially linked with tourism but that are important for the quantification and analysis of tourism: - retail trade - cultural services - sports services - other activities to be considered (c) those activities that are generally not closely linked with tourism (all other activities, From this perspective and taking into consideration the great development of the different tasks related to the preparation of a TSA to be performed by the different countries, WTO has designed this questionnaire to be addressed to a special group of countries: - countries with a established TSA - countries expecting that the implementation of their TSA will be highly developed during the period 2001/2003 - countries that have recently developed relevant studies on the economic importance of tourism.

Department of Statistics and Economic Measurement of Tourism

37

ANNEX 3 REVISION OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (ISIC-REV.3 ) Barely two months ago, the United Nations Statistical Commission (UNSC) fixed the schedule both for the revision of the International Standard Industrial Classification of all Economic Activities (ISIC-Rev.3), and the Central Product Classification (CPC-version 1.0), which are due to come into force in 2007. WTO has accepted the invitation formulated by the UN Statistics Division to form part of the Technical Group headed by UNSD, and would like to begin by making this initial contribution. As you will see, the attached questionnaire is divided into two parts: -

in the first, you are asked for your opinion as to the suitability of ISICRev.3 for quantifying the economic impacts of tourism in your country, in the second, you are asked to give your opinion regarding ways and means of integrating tourism in the future revision of the ISIC.

This questionnaire has been designed for completion by a specific number of countries only. Most of these countries are those that have, in the last few months, sent in substantial documentation in relation to their work in the sphere of the TSA and other exercises linked with macroeconomic quantifications of tourism. Allow me to apologize for bearing down on you yet again, barely two months after having sent out the extensive questionnaire that generated the documentation I referred to in the previous paragraph. Personally, I think that any proposals that may be formulated with regard to the ISIC and CPC revisions should be submitted and examined between June 2001 and June 2003 at the latest. This would give us barely two years to concentrate on giving tourism its proper place in the global structure of both classifications, with suitable levels of aggregation. Hence this new petition. During this phase, we would like to submit proposals supported by your responses to this questionnaire. For this reason alone, we want to be absolutely clear with you in relation to the initiatives that need to be implemented throughout this period. To this end, we intend to use both the WTO and UN websites to keep you abreast of the progress that is being made in this field. To enable you to access the documents we are presenting, you will therefore be included in an electronic mailing list and notified of the information that is generated, unless you advise us otherwise. I would also draw your attention to the inclusion of a document that should give you a clearer picture of the lie of the land. Both the “Background” chapter of this

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document and the chapters referring to classifications of activities should, I think, provide you with all the information and references you may require to understand the scope of this questionnaire. I would therefore recommend that you read this document before filling in the questionnaire insofar as it will doubtless enable you to appreciate that it forms part of an ambitious work project in the field of classifications and one that we intend to develop in the course of the next five years. All that remains is for me to thank you for cooperation. Do not hesitate to call us should you have any doubts concerning the completion of this questionnaire, which I would kindly ask you to return within a month at the latest if possible. Many thanks once again. Antonio Massieu Department of Statistics and Economic Measurement of Tourism

IDENTIFICATION OF THE RESPONDENT A. Body or institution: B. Contact person: Name: Position: Email: Telephone: (Please complete and/or modify any pre-printed information that is incorrect)

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PART I ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPLE TOURISM ACTIVITIES Ø “TOURISM” ACCOMMODATION ISIC-Rev.3 Group: 551 – Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation Class: 5510 - Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation Explanatory note This class includes the provision on a fee basis of short-term lodging, camping space and camping facilities, whether open to the general public or restricted to members of a particular organization. Restaurant facilities operated in connection with the provision of lodging remain classified in this class. Included also are the operation of sleeping cars when carried on by separate units. Examples of activities included here are those usually offered by hotels, motels, inns, school dormitories, residence halls, rooming houses, guest homes and houses, youth hostels, shelters, etc. Exclusions: Operation of sleeping cars as an integrated operation of railway companies is classified in class 6010 (Transport via railways). Rental of long-term furnished accommodation (e.g. apartment hotels) is classified in division 70 (Real estate activities).

1- Accommodation in the new classification As you can see in ISIC-Rev.3 different types of accommodation, such as hotels, motels and inns, camping sites and shelters are included in class 5510. Is the information thus obtained sufficient for the purpose of the analyses you wish to conduct? • 1- YES 1 • 2- NO (please go to question 4) 1 2- Hotels 2.1 In ISIC-Rev.3 hotels are classified with other forms of tourism accommodation. Would you include a class solely for hotels in the new classification? • • •

1- NO 1 2- YES, but I wouldn’t break it down 1 3- YES, and I would break it down into more categories 1 Please specify, e.g. a) hotels and b) motels, guest houses

2.2 Besides being a principal form of accommodation, hotels provide other services that turn them into statistical units (companies, establishments) with 40

more than one activity. The most important services they provide in this respect include restaurants, casinos, golf courses and conference centres. We are therefore faced with the problem of how to classify a unit that conducts two different activities, the most important of which would be accommodation. In the event that a hotel offers special services such as a restaurant, casino, golf course or conference centre, would you be in favour of differentiating between these units? • • • •

1- YES, in all cases 1 2- YES, provided the services concerned are operated independently (i.e. their use is not limited to hotel guests) with separate ledgers. 1 3- NO, I agree with the way they are treated in ISIC-Rev.3 (Restaurant facilities operated in connection with the provision of lodging remain classified in this class). 1 4- NO, although I would create a special category for specific types of hotels. Please specify. 1

3- Camping sites and other forms of accommodation linked with nature 3.1- ISIC-Rev.3 classifies camping sites along with other forms of tourism accommodation. Would you create a separate category for camping sites? • 1- YES, and I would only include camping sites in this category 1 • 2- YES, although the contents of this category should be extended 1 • 3- NO (please go to question 6) 1 3.2- If your answer to the previous question was 2 (YES, although the contents of this category should be extended), would you create a category for camping sites that includes all forms of accommodation linked with what in tourism terminology is referred to as “ecotourism” or nature tourism? • 1- NO 1 • 2- YES, but only mountain shelters 1 • 3- YES, for all forms of accommodation linked with nature tourism 1 Additional comments: 4- Time- sharing: Time-sharing can be taken to mean the purchase of the right to use and enjoy an apartment or holiday home for a specific period of time (week, fortnight, etc.) and for a certain number of years or on a life-long basis. The beneficiary normally disposes of the apartment for 1 or 2 weeks at a specific time of the year. Various units can be associated with this type of activity. Since time-sharing is not a uniform activity worldwide, the following questions have been formulated as a general guideline. We would therefore ask you to provide us with any additional information you consider relevant. 4.1 Where would you classify the units responsible for selling time- sharing services?

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• • • • •

1- With travel agencies (ISIC-Rev.3, 6304) 1 2- With real estate activities (ISIC-Rev.3, 70) 1 3- With hotels (ISIC-Rev.3, 5510) 1 4- Somewhere else 1 Please specify 5- Time sharing units do not exist in my country 1

Additional comments: 4.2 Where should the units responsible for controlling and managing a building that is operated as a time-sharing operation be classified? • • • •

1- Under hotels 1 2- Under real estate activities 1 3- Somewhere else 1 Please specify 4- Time-sharing units do not exist in my country 1

Additional comments: 4.3 Assuming that the units devoted to time sharing activities are also involved in the sale and subsequent management of these properties, where would you classify them? • • • • •

1- With travel agencies 1 2- In the real estate sector 1 3- With hotels (insofar as they can be assimilated with units that sell hotel services) 1 4- Somewhere else 1 Please specify 5- Time-sharing units do not exist in my country 1

Additional comments: 5- Tourism apartments: ISIC-Rev.3 Tabulation Category: K – Real estate, renting and business activities Division: 70 - Real estate activities Group: 701 - Real estate activities with own or leased property Class: 7010 - Real estate activities with own or leased property

Explanatory note

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This class includes buying, selling, renting and operating of self-owned or leased real estate such as apartment buildings and dwellings, non-residential buildings; developing and subdividing real estate into lots, etc. Also included are development and sale of lands, operating of apartment hotels and residential mobile home sites. Exclusions: Development on own account involving construction is classified in class 4520 (Building of complete constructions or parts thereof; civil engineering). The operation of hotels, rooming houses, camps, trailer camps and other short-term lodging places is classified in class 5510 (Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation). Group: 702 - Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis Class: 7020 - Real estate activities on a fee or contract basis Explanatory note This class includes buying, selling, renting, managing and appraising real estate on a fee or contract basis.

The term “tourism apartments” is taken to mean apartments that are located in tourism areas, frequently beach or mountain areas, and which are rented for tourism purposes generally on a weekly, fortnightly basis, etc. and at more expensive rates than standard real estate leases (category 70 of the ISICRev.3) for properties that are used as the principal residence. With a view to operation 2002, it was agreed that the rental of tourism apartments would be classified under heading 7010 - Real estate activities with own or leased property.

5.1 Where would you classify lease services for tourism apartments in a new classification? • • •

1- Under real estate activities, which is where they are presently classified 1 2- As a provision of short-stay accommodation, similar to the service provided by hotels 1 3- Somewhere else. 1 §

Please specify

5.2 If you consider tourism apartments to correspond to provision of short-stay accommodation, in which of all the above categories would you rather see them classified? • • • •

1- As a hotel (like hotels, they often provide cleaning and similar services) 1 2- As residence halls 1 3- With camping sites 1 4- In an independent category 1

5.3 – Real estate agencies that are exclusively devoted to tourism. 43

Does item 70 Real estate activities of ISIC-Rev.3 8 include real estate agencies that are solely devoted to the sale of second dwellings or dwelling used for tourism purposes? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO, this kind of speciality does not exist

6- Residence halls Would you qualify as correct the classification of school dormitories and residence halls under item 551 HOTELS? • • •

1- YES 2- YES, for want of a better heading 1 3- NO 1 Please suggest where they should be classified

7- Other types of accommodation 7.1- Spas ISIC-Rev.3 Class: 9309 – Other service activities n.e.c. Explanatory note This class includes Turkish baths, sauna and steam baths, solariums, spas, reducing and slendering salons, massage salons, comfort stations and restrooms, etc. Astrological and spiritualists' activities. Social activities such as escort services, dating services, services of marriage bureaus, genealogical organizations, shoppers, shoe shiners, porters, valet car parkers, etc.

In the present ISIC-Rev.3, spas are classified under heading 9309 Other service activities n.e.c., a category that does not include any other establishments that provide accommodation. Where would you classify spas in a new classification? • • • •

1- In the same personal services category (with saunas and Turkish baths) 1 2- Under provision of short-stay accommodation 1 3- In the health sector 1 4- In another sector 1 Please specify

7.2- Accommodation associated with rail transport 44

ISIC-Rev.3 Group: 551 – Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation Class: 5510 – Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation Explanatory note .... Exclusions: Operation of sleeping cars as an integrated operation of railway companies is classified in class 6010 (Transport via railways).

If the accommodation service linked with rail transport is provided by a unit other than the transport unit, where would you classify this service? • •

1- In the transport sector 1 2- In the accommodation sector 1

Additional suggestions: 8- Where would you classify marinas in a new classification? ISIC-Rev.3 Class: 6303 – Other supporting transport activities .............. Exclusions: Docking facilities related to pleasure boats (e.g. marinas) are classified in class 9249 (Other recreational activities). • • •

1- Auxiliary transport activities 1 2- Tourism accommodation activities 1 3- Recreational activities, as per their present classification in ISIC-Rev.3 1.

Additional comments:

9- Terms related with tourism accommodation 9.1- The terms “long stay” and “short stay”

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In order to differentiate between items 551 and 70 of ISIC, the terms “short stay” and “long stay” are used. Do you consider these concepts to be suitable, despite the fact that they are not defined? • • •

1- YES 1 2- NO, as a general principle, concepts that are not subsequently defined should not be used 3- NO, these terms should be eliminated because these activities are clearly determined by virtue of the type of establishments that provide them 1. Additional comments:

9.2 The term “tourism” Do you think the new classification should include a category for the provision of “tourism” accommodation? • •

1- YES, because most of the units included under the accommodation heading are tourism units 1 2- NO, because the use of the term “tourism” solely for accommodation would create confusion 1

Additional comments: Ø RESTAURANTS AND DRINKS ISIC-Rev.3 Group: 552 – Restaurants, bars and canteens Class: 5520 – Restaurants, bars and canteens Explanatory note This class includes the sale of prepared foods and drinks for immediate consumption on the premises such as restaurants, cafés, lunch counters and refreshment stands. Also included are catering activities and take-out activities as well as the operation of dining cars when carried on by separate units, and other transport facilities. Exclusions: Sale through vending machines is classified in class 5259 (Other non-store retail sale). The above-mentioned activities carried out in connection with the provision of lodging are classified in class 5510 (Hotels; camping sites and other provision of short-stay accommodation). Operation of dining cars as an integrated operation of railway companies is classified in class 6010 (Transport via railways). 10- Divisions under the restaurant heading Would you break down item 552 of ISIC-Rev.3 as described above? •

1- YES 1 46

•

Please specify. For example, I would separate a) restaurants b) bars c) catering ... or Italian restaurants, Chinese restaurant and fast-food restaurants, etc. 2- NO 1

11- In some countries, restaurants are establishments were patrons can eat. However, there are other establishments that only allow “the consumption of food and drinks that have not been prepared on the premises”. Is this the case in your country? • • •

1- YES, there are establishments that are solely for drinking 1 2- YES, but there are great many establishments that are difficult to differentiate as restaurants and bars that sell only drinks 1 3- NO, no such distinction exists in my country 1

12- Restaurants with more than one activity Premises housing restaurants, besides selling meals, can also provide other activities such as entertainment/shows. Where should these restaurants and bars be classified? • • •

1- In the same group as restaurants, albeit making a distinction between those that provide entertainment and those that do not 1 2- In the same group as restaurants, with no distinction 1 3- Under recreational services 1

13- Discotheques Where would you classify discotheques? • • •

1- With bars and restaurants 1 2- With other recreational activities 1 3- Somewhere else. Please specify 1.

Ø PASSENGER TRANSPORT 60 - Land transport; transport via pipelines 601 - Transport via railways 6010 – Transport via railways 602 - Other land transport 6021 - Other scheduled passenger land transport 6022- Other non-scheduled passenger land transport 6023 - Freight transport by road 603 - Transport via pipelines 6030 – Transport via pipelines 61 - Water transport

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611 - Sea and coastal water transport 6110- Sea and coastal water transport 612 - Inland water transport 6120 - Inland water transport 62 - Air transport 621 – Scheduled air transport 6210 – Scheduled air transport 622 - Non-scheduled air transport 6220 - Non-scheduled air transport 63 - Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies 630 – Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies 6301 - Cargo handling 6302 - Storage and warehousing 6303 - Other supporting transport activities 6304 – Activities of travel agencies and tour operators; tourist assistance activities n.e.c. 6309 – Activities of other transport agencies

14- Companies devoted to transporting passengers differ from companies devoted to transporting freight. Do you agree with this statement? • • • •

1- In the case of water transport 2- In the case of air transport 3- In the case of road transport 4- In the case of railway transport

YES NO 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Additional comments:

15- If you answered “YES” to any of the above, do you think it would be useful to distinguish between units devoted to passenger transport and units devoted to transporting freight? • • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1 3- Only in some cases 1 Please specify. For example, in the case of road transport, …

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16- Transport divisions Would you make any of the following divisions in the case of water transport? • • •

1- I would separate cruises 2- I would separate ferry services 3- I would not make any divisions Please specify.

YES 1 1 1 1 1 1

NO

I would make the following divisions:

17 Divisions in passenger transport by road ISIC-Rev.3 Group: 602 – Other land transport Class: 6021 – Other scheduled passenger land transport Explanatory note This class includes activities providing regular urban, suburban or interurban transport of passengers on scheduled routes following a published timetable, picking up and setting down passengers at stops indicated in these timetables, except interurban railway transport. They may be carried out with motor-bus, tramway, trolley bus, underground and elevated railways, etc. Included are also transport activities as the operation of school buses, town-to-airport or town-to-station lines, sightseeing buses, funicular railways, aerial cableways, etc. Class: 6022 – Other non-scheduled passenger land transport Explanatory note This class includes other non-scheduled passenger land transport such as taxi operation, rental of private cars with operator, charters, excursions and other occasional coach services, passenger transport by man- or animal-drawn vehicles, etc. Exclusion: Ambulance transport is classified in class 8519 (Other human health activities). Would you make any of the following distinctions in the case of passenger transport by road? YES • • •

1- I would separate taxi services 2- I would separate passenger transport by bus 3- I would not make any divisions

§

Please specify

NO

1 1 1 1 1 1

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18- Supporting transport services: ISIC-Rev.3 Class: 6303 – Other supporting transport activities Explanatory note This class includes a great variety of activities related to transport of passengers or freight via different modes of transport. They include the operation of terminal facilities such as railway stations, bus stations, stations for the handling of goods, harbours, piers, airway terminals, etc., the operation of roads, bridges, tunnels, parking lots or garages, waterways locks, etc., traffic control activities, navigation, pilotage and berthing activities, lighterage, salvage activities, ground service activities on airfields, etc. Exclusions: Docking facilities related to pleasure boats (e.g. marinas) are classified in class 9249 (Other recreational activities). Steamship agencies are included in 6309 (Activities of other transport agencies).

Class 6303 of ISIC-Rec.3, Other supporting transport activities, includes a class of supporting activities for all forms of transport.

18.1. Do you think this class should be analysed and broken down? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO (please go to question 19) 1

18.2 If your answer is “YES”, would you distinguish between the services provided by stations for passengers and other infrastructure services? • •

1- YES, I would distinguish between bus, train stations etc. and parking lots, docking facilities, etc 1 2- NO 1 Please specify

19 Scheduled and non-scheduled passenger transport The recommendations published by the Statistics Division of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), approved in September 1997, include a proposal to lump together scheduled and non-scheduled air transport. With regard to air transport, are you in favour of eliminating the distinction between scheduled and non-scheduled traffic as per the latest set of international recommendations?

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• •

1- YES, we should stick to the international recommendations 1 2- NO, these are traditional terms and they should continue to be used insofar as these two forms of air transport clearly differ from one another in certain respects.

Ø RENTING OF EQUIPMENT FOR PASSENGER TRANSPORT Group: 711 – Renting of transport equipment 7111 - Renting of land transport equipment 7112 - Renting of water transport equipment 7113 - Renting of air transport equipment

20- Rentals of all forms of self-drive transport come under heading 711 of ISICRev.3, which uses four digits to distinguish between the type of transport. Do you think this classification is suitable? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1 Additional comments:

21- Renting of facilities for recreational purposes: ISIC-Rev.3 Class: 9249 – Other recreational activities Explanatory note This class includes all activities related to recreation not classified elsewhere in this division. This includes among others: .... activities of recreation parks and beaches (including renting of facilities such as bath houses, lockers, chairs, etc.), ...

Items such as bicycles, snow bikes, horses and ski equipment can be rented by the hour in parks and other natural areas as a means of increasing visitors’ enjoyment of these areas. In other words, it is not only the items that are being rented, but also their use and enjoyment in a specific area. Where would you include these types of rental activities? • • •

1- With other rental activities 1 2- With recreational activities 1 3- Somewhere else 1 Please specify

Ø TRAVEL AGENCIES AND SIMILAR SERVICES ISIC-Rev.3 51

Group: 630 – Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; activities of travel agencies Class: 6304 – Activities of travel agencies and tour operators; tourist assistance activities n.e.c. Explanatory note This class includes furnishing travel information, advice and planning, arranging tours, accommodation and transportation for travellers and tourists, furnishing tickets, etc. Also included are tourist assistance activities not elsewhere classified, such as carried on by tourist guides.

22- One of the problems that arises with regard to classifications of activities is the question of travel agencies. In the present ISIC-Rev.3, these agencies are classified under heading 6303 with another series of auxiliary transport activities. Where do you think travel agencies should be classified? • • • • •

1- Under the transport sector (as is the case at present) 1 2- Under services provided to companies (they assist companies and individuals with the organization of trips, whether for business or leisure purposes) 1 3- Under retail trade services (they are basically sales oriented) 1 4- Under the hotel sector insofar as both hotels and travel agencies are “tourism” services. 1 5- In another sector 1 Please specify:

23- In relation to travel agencies, ISIC-Rev.3 includes another series of units that are devoted to providing tourists with information, such as museum guides, independent guides and tourism offices. Do you think these activities should appear in the same category as travel agencies? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1 Additional comments:

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Ø CULTURAL SERVICES Division: 92 – Recreational, cultural and sporting activities ..... 923 - Library, archives, museums and other cultural activities 9231 – Library and archives activities 9232 – Museums activities and preservation of historical sites and buildings 9233 - Botanical and zoological gardens and nature reserves activities

24- ISIC-Rev.3 includes a group of cultural services with three digits (923) which is divided into three categories with four digits, as shown in the above box. Do you think this distinction should be maintained in the new classification? • 1- YES 1 • 2- NO 1 Please specify. (For example, I would separate zoos from gardens and parks, or I would distinguish between museums and historical buildings). Ø SPORTING AND RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Division: 92 – Recreational, cultural and sporting activities 924- Sporting and other recreational activities 9241- Sporting activities 9249 - Other recreational activities

25- In the present classification, ISIC-Rev.3 lumps together sports and other recreational activities, such as fun fairs and lotteries, at the three-digit level. Would you separate sports activities at the three-digit level? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1 Additional comments:

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26- ISIC-Rev.3 lumps together all sporting activities under a single heading, irrespective of whether these activities are linked with sports clubs or the management and operation of stadiums, etc. Do you think a distinction should be made under this heading between some of the following activities? • •

Group: 924 - Sporting and other recreational activities Class: 9241 - Sporting activities

Explanatory note This class includes the organization and operation of any kind of sports events outdoor or indoor for professionals or amateurs as well as the operation of the facilities in which these sports are performed. This may involve oranizations, as football clubs, bowling clubs, swimming clubs, golf clubs, boxing, wrestling, health or body building clubs, winter sport clubs, chess, draughts, domino or card clubs, field and track clubs, shooting clubs, etc., and the operation of the facilities for all these sports if they are especially used and designed for them. Such facilities may be arenas and stadiums, whether or not enclosed or covered, with or without provision for spectator seating or viewing. Also included are activities related to promotion and production of sporting events and the activities of individual own-account sportsmen and athletes, judges, timekeepers, instructors, teachers, coaches, etc., and also the activities of sport and game schools and those of racing stables, kennels and garages. Hunting for sport or recreation and related service activities. Exclusions: Rental of sporting equipment is classified in class 7130 (Renting of personal and household goods n.e.c.). Park and beach activities are classified in class 9249 (Other recreational activities). • • • • •

YES 1- Ski resorts 1 1 2- Race courses 1 1 3- Golf courses 1 1 4- Other divisions 1 1 Please specify 5- I would not divide these activities1 1 1

NO

28- A relatively new phenomenon in the field of sports activities is the appearance of adventure or “risk” sports. Would you create separate units for these activities? • •

1- YES, these are specialized units and there are enough of them to warrant the creation of a separate heading 1 2- NO, they are not significant in my country 1 §

Where would you classify them?

29- Hunting and fishing activities 54

As you will see in the next question, ISIC-Rev.3 classifies hunting and fishing as recreational activities but not as sporting activities. Do you agree with this classification? • • •

1- NO, I think hunting and fishing should be classified as sporting activities 1 2- YES, hunting and fishing should be classified as recreational activities but not as sports activities 1 3- Hunting and fishing should be considered as a separate item, neither as a sporting or a recreational activity 1

29- Fun fairs ISIC-Rev.3 Class: 9249 – Other recreational activities Explanatory note This class includes all activities related to recreation not classified elsewhere in this division. This includes among others: casting activities for motion pictures, television productions or theatre production, booking agency activities in connection with theatrical productions or other entertainment attractions; recording or taping of sound (music, etc.) on a fee or contract basis; activities of recreation parks and beaches (including renting of facilities such as bath houses, lockers, chairs, etc.), activities related to recreational fishing, gambling and betting activities, fairs and shows of a recreational nature, recreational transport facilities, etc. e.g. marinas. Exclusions: Training of dogs for security reasons is classified in class 7492 (Investigation and security activities). Agency activities are classified in class 7499 (Other business activities n.e.c.). Other entertainment activities, e.g. circus production or activities of ballrooms and discotheques, are classified in class 9219.

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In relation with recreational and gambling activities, would you distinguish between some of the following activities: • • •

YES 1 1 1

1- Fun fairs 2- Casino activities 3- I would include other divisions Please specify:

NO 1 1 1

Ø OTHER ACTIVITIES 30- Organization of trade fairs and congresses: Group: 749 – Business activities n.e.c. Class: 7499 – Other business activities n.e.c. Explanatory note This class includes a great variety of service activities generally delivered to commercial clients. It involves: -bill collecting, credit rating in connection with an individual's or firm's creditworthiness or business practices. –business brokerage activities, i.e. arranging for the purchase and sale of small and medium-sized businesses, including professional practices. –appraisal

activities

other

than

for

real

estate

and

insurance.

–stenographic, duplicating and mailing activities, including typing and other secretarial activities such as transcribing from tapes, discs or belts, proof-reading, etc., copying, blue printing, multigraphing and similar activities; envelope addressing, stuffing, sealing and mailing, mailing list compilation, etc., including for advertising material. –fashion design related to textiles, wearing apparel, shoes, jewellery, furniture and other interior decoration and other fashion goods. –demonstration and exhibition activities. –auctioning activities. –editorial activities. –translation and interpretation. –microfilming activities. –trading stamp activities. –telephone answering activities.

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Also included are activities carried on by agencies on behalf of individuals usually involving the obtaining of engagements in motion pictures, theatrical production or other entertainment or sports attractions and the placement of books, plays, artworks, photographs, etc., with publishers, producers, etc. Exclusions: Extending credit through the use of credit cards is classified in class 6592 (Other credit granting). Machinery and industrial design are classified in class 7421 (Architectural and engineering activities and related technical consultancy). Display of advertisement and other advertising design is classified in class 7430 (Advertising). Wholesale of used motor vehicles by auctioning is classified in class 5010 (Sale of motor vehicles).

The organization of trade fairs and congresses is not properly defined in ISICRev.3, where it is classified under heading 7489 Other business activities n.e.c. Where would you include these activities in the new classification? • • •

1- In an independent group under business services 1 2- Under business services, but without making any distinction 1 3- In another section of the classification 1 §

Please specify

31- Bureaux de change: •

Class: 6719 - Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation n.e.c.

Explanatory note This class includes all activities auxiliary to financial intermediation not classified elsewhere, including financial advisers, mortgage advisers and brokers, bureaux de change, etc.

In ISIS-Rev.3, bureaux de change come under financial intermediation services. Do you agree with this classification? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1 Where would you classify them?

Warning. The last two questions take account of two considerations: 1) both items were approved on a provisional basis in the international recommendations on tourism statistics (those relevant to the TSA), both in terms of the list of tourism industries (also called tourism characteristic activities in the document) and the list of tourism characteristic products, and 2) the fact that it was explicitly stated that if any country wishes to extend the coverage and increase the disaggregation of the lists of products and/or activities drawn up for this purpose (and included in the document TSA:RMF), it is free to do so, although in this case these countries are advised to use 57

the List of Tourism Specific Products (TSP) – also included in this document– and the Standard International Classification of Tourism Activities (SICTA) included in the first international standard approved.

32- TRADE: 32.1 Trade includes at least one type of store – souvenir shops – that is clearly oriented towards tourism, and stores selling hunting and fishing equipment. Do you think a separate heading should be created for these stores? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1

32.2 Would you create another heading for another type of retail activity/store linked with tourism? • •

1- YES 1 Please specify 2- NO

33- INDUSTRY: Does the industrial sector comprise any industry that is oriented towards tourism? • 1- YES 1 Please specify. For example, the production or manufacturing of crafts. • 2 - NO, at least overall 1 • 3- NO, none whatsoever 1

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PART II THE INTEGRATION OF TOURISM WITHIN THE GLOBAL STRUCTURE OF THE REVISED ISIC.

From the perspective of an international classification, the divisions you proposed in Part I of this questionnaire obviously cannot all be included in a classification such as the ISIC, whose scope must be global, even taking into account countries in which tourism is not a relevant activity. These proposals can nonetheless be taken into account with a view to establishing the minimum requirements that an international standard such as ISIC should meet. In Part II of the questionnaire, we ask you to give your opinion regarding this aspect, which we consider to be fundamental. At the risk of stating the obvious, it should be highlighted that SICTA has been specifically designed for analysing tourism. The outcome of the revision of this classification, which will not take place until the ISIC revision has been concluded, will be conditioned by the way in which tourism is finally identified within the global structure of ISIC. In this context, we would draw your attention to the following statement which appears in the introduction to the document, “General Guidelines relative to the work on Classifications by WTO during the period 2001/2006”, which we have attached to this questionnaire: “One of the problems faced by the tourism industry in any classification of activities is that tourism does not form part of a single category in the classification. As noted earlier on, tourism is in fact a horizontal activity that is reflected in different sections of the classification”. We therefore need to find a practical solution to this problem. One way of getting round it could be to differentiate at the more disaggregate levels of ISIC the tourism characteristic activities that can be included, without distorting the disaggregation schemas applied at the higher levels of the classification. The categories that are identified as “tourism characteristic” should subsequently be grouped in the higher levels of the classification whenever possible. Having asked you for a series of comments and suggestions relative to the way ISIC is used for the purpose of analysing tourism, we now wish to gauge your opinion and ideas relative to the way tourism activities can be interrelated at the different levels of the future revision of ISIC Revision 3.0.

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Ø DETERMINATION OF THE MINIMUM LEVELS IN THE ISIC STRUCTURE •

DETERMINATION OF THE FIRST LEVEL OF THE CLASSIFICATION (in ISIC-Rev.3, this level is defined by one letter) ISIC-REV.3 (LEVEL IDENTIFIED BY ONE LETTER) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

A – Agriculture, hunting and forestry B – Fishing C – Mining and quarrying D – Manufacturing E- Electricity, gas and water supply F – Construction G – Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods H – Hotels and restaurants I – Transport, storage and communications J – Financial intermediation K – Real estate, renting and business activities L – Public administration and defence; compulsory social security M – Education N – Health and social work O – Other community, social and personal service activities P- Private households with employed persons Q- Extra-territorial organizations and bodies

1- Looking at this first level of the classification, do you think that the class defining hotels and restaurants should be identified exclusively as a tourism class? • •

1- YES 1 2- NO 1 Additional comments:

2- At the first level of the classification, do you think that there may be other item/s that could be qualified exclusively as tourism activities? • •

1- NO 1 2- YES, e.g. a class for cultural and recreational activities, or for passenger transport, or a mixture... 1 Please specify

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•

DETERMINATION OF THE SECOND LEVEL OF THE CLASSIFICATION (defined in ISIC-Rev.3 by two digits) • 01- Agriculture, hunting and related service activities ISIC-REV.3 (PART OF THE TWO-DIGIT LEVEL)

• 01- Forestry, logging and related service activities ……………….. • 90- Sewage and refuse disposal, sanitation and similar activities • 91- Activities of membership organizations n.e.c. • 92- Recreational, cultural and sporting activities • 93- Other service activities ……..

3- In Part I of the questionnaire, we asked you to indicate what your ideal classification would consist of. Do you consider it indispensable for some of the above activities to appear in an international classification at the second level of the new classification? Please specify •

PROPOSED DIVISIONS BEYOND THE SECOND LEVEL (defined by three or four digits in ISIC-Rev.3)

4- The answers sent in by the countries to the first part of this questionnaire may not provide us with enough examples of proposals as to how to go about grouping together the different type of activities. We would therefore ask you to specify whether you think these activities should be identified separately. YES

NO

4.1 Passenger transport service

1

1

4.1 Auxiliary passenger transport services

1 1

4.2 Travel agencies and organization of trade fairs

1

1

4.3 Cultural and sporting recreational services • 1- I would create three groups : a) cultural, b) recreational, c) sporting 1 • 2- I would create two groups 1 • 3- I would create a single group 1 (If you chose alternative 2 or 3, please specify)

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Ø OTHER CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE CLASSIFICATION 5- If, on reading through ISIC-Rev.3, the user is unable to identify the activities that can be labelled as “tourism” activities, which of the following solutions would you recommend? • • • •

1- I would draft an ANNEX explaining what tourism activities are 1 2- I would include a reference in the introduction 1 3- Other (e.g. explanatory notes) 1 4- I don’t think tourism should be mentioned in the classification 1

Additional comments: 6- SICTA (Standard Industrial Classification of Tourism Activities) – Having analysed ISIC-Rev.3 and concluding that it does not meet tourism requirements, WTO proceeded to draft its own classification as a means of complementing ISICRev.3. Since this will be WTO’s first opportunity to examine how a good many countries use SICTA, we would ask you to describe as specifically as possible exactly how you use SICTA (also stating the year, if possible). 6.1- Have you ever used SICTA? • • • •

1- YES, as a reference to determine what is understood by “tourism activities” 1 2- YES, to prepare surveys or publish data 1 3- YES, for other purposes 1 Please specify 4-NO 1

6.2- Do you think this classification should be revised? • 1- YES, it is indispensable for my work 1 • 2- NO, tourism is properly represented in the new ISIC 1 Additional comments: ADDITIONAL SUGGESTIONS 7- Please write down any additional comments that you deem to be important with regard to the revision of ISIC-Rev.3 and which have not been covered in the context of this questionnaire. If you use any national classification of economic activities and/or products related with tourism, please send them to us with the duly completed questionnaire.

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APPENDIX LIST OF TOURISM CHARACTERISTIC ACTIVITIES (TSA/TCA)

Tourism characteristic activities can be identified as those productive whose which principal output is characteristic of tourism. As the set of these activities does not comprise a single industry conforming to 1993 SNA definition, a he TSA defines tourism industries as all establishments whose principal productive activity is a tourism characteristic activity. The following table reveals the similarity between the 12 items of the provisional list used in the TSA tables and their corresponding codes in ISIC, Rev. 3 b and SICTA. c Activities description

ISIC, Rev.3

SICTA

1. Hotels and similar 2. Second home ownership (imputed) 3. Restaurants and similar 4. Railway passenger transport services 5. Road passenger transport services 6. Water passenger transport services

5510 Part of 7010

5510 Part of 7010

5520 Part of 6010

5520 6010-1, 6010-2

Part of (6021 and 6022) Part of (6110 and 6120)

7. Air passenger transport services

Part of (6210 and 6220) Part of 6303 Part of (7111, 7112 and 7113) 6304 9232 9233 Part of 9214 Part of 9241

6021-1, 6021-2, 6021-3 6022-1, 6022-2, 6022-3, 6022-4 6110-1, 6110-2 Part of 6110, 6120-1, 6120-2, 6120-3, Part of 6120 6210-1 6220-1, 6220-2 6303-1, 6303-2, 6303-3 7111-1, 7111-2, 7111-3 Part of 7112, 7113-1 6304 9232-1, 9232-2 9233-1, 9233-2 Part of 9214 Part of 9241

8. Transport supporting services 9. Transport equipment rental 10. Travel agencies and similar 11. Cultural services 12. Sporting and other recreational services a

In paragraph 15.13, the 1993 SNA defines an industry as “a group of establishments engaged in the same kind of productive activities”. b United Nations publication, Sales No. E.90.XVII.11. c See ibid, Sales No. E.94.XVII.6, Part Two.

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Activities description

ISIC, Rev.3 Part of 9219 Part of 9249

SICTA 9219-1 Part of 9249

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WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (WTO) ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DEL TURISMO (OMT) ORGANISATION MONDIALE DU TOURISME (OMT)

ANNEX 4

TABLE OF RESULTS FOR THE DATA TO BE OBTAINED IN THE PROPOSED QUESTIONNAIRE

"REVISION OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION OF ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES (ISIC-REV.3)" (FIRST DRAFT)

Department of Statistics and Economic Measurement of Tourism

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