WORLD HISTORY Chapter 17 European Renaissance and Reformation

Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance

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Section 1, Chapter 17 Terms and Names 1. Renaissance – a period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of the world. Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 2. humanism – a Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements. Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 3. secular – concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. 4. patron - a person who supports artists, especially financially. Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 5. perspective – an artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface. 6. vernacular – the everyday language of people in a region or country. Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS

3. What are some of the characteristics of the “Renaissance man” and “Renaissance woman” Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS, continued 3. Man – Excelled in many fields, charming, witty, educated, politically powerful. Woman – Well educated in classics, charming, modest, knowledgeable in arts. Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS, continued

4. How did Italy’s cities help to make it the birthplace of the Renaissance Section 1, Chapter 17

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4. Cities offered wealth, talent, and new ideas. Section 1, Chapter 17

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5. What was the attitude of Church leaders and the wealthy toward the arts? Why Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 1, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS, continued 5. Italy’s cities supported the arts because they wanted to beautify their communities and show their own importance. Section 1, Chapter 17

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Section 2, Chapter 17 The Northern Renaissance

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Section 2, Chapter 17 Terms and Names

1. utopia – an imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia – hence, an ideal place. Section 2, Chapter 17

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Section 2, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 2. William Shakespeare – The most famous writer of the Elizabethan Age. Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time. Section 2, Chapter 17

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Section 2, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 3. Johann Gutenberg – A craftsman from Mainz, Germany, he developed a printing press that made it possible to produce books quickly and cheaply. Section 2, Chapter 17

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Section 2, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS

3. How did Albrecht Durer’s work reflect the influence of the Italian Renaissance Section 2, Chapter 17

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3. He portrayed classical myths, religious subjects, and realistic landscapes. Section 2, Chapter 17

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4. What was one way the Renaissance changed society Section 2, Chapter 17

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4. More people were exposed to ideas because they could read the information in their own language. Section 2, Chapter 17

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5. Why was the invention of the printing press so important Section 2, Chapter 17

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5. It made more information available not only to scholars, but also to ordinary people. Section 2, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Luther Leads the Reformation

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names

1. indulgence – a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 2. Reformation – a century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope’s authority. th 16

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued

3. Lutheran – a member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued

4. Protestant – a member of a Christian church founded on the principles of the Reformation. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued

5. Peace of Augsburg – a 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued

6. annul – to cancel or set aside. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued

7. Anglican – relating to the Church of England. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 3, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS

3. What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation Section 3, Chapter 17

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3. Political – Rise of competing states; rulers resentd the Pope’s control. Section 3, Chapter 17

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3. Economic – Rulers were jealous of the Church’s wealth; merchants resented paying the Church taxes. Section 3, Chapter 17

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3. Social – People questioned the Church; printing presses spread ideas critical of the Church. Section 3, Chapter 17

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4. From where did the term Protestantism originate Section 3, Chapter 17

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4. From the German princes who protested against the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church. Section 3, Chapter 17

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5. What impact did Henry VIII’s actions have on England in the second half of the 1500s Section 3, Chapter 17

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5. His children brought religious turmoil by switching from Protestant to Catholic and back. Section 3, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 The Reformation Continues

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names 1. predestination – the doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved. Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 2. Calvinism – a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin. Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 3. theocracy – a government in which the ruler is viewed as a divine figure. A government controlled by religious leaders. Section 4, Chapter 17

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4. Presbyterian – a member of a Protestant church governed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox. Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 5. Anabaptist – in the Reformation, a member of a Protestant group that believed in baptizing only those persons who were old enough to decide to be Christian, and believed in the separation of church and state. Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 6. Catholic Reformation – a century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation.

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 7. Jesuits – members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola. Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 Terms and Names, continued 8. Council of Trent – a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders, called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS

3. What was John Calvin’s idea of the “elect” and their place in society Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS, continued

3. The “Elect” were the few God chose to be saved. They had a high position in society. Section 4, Chapter 17

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4. What role did noblewomen play in the Reformation Section 4, Chapter 17

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4. Noblewomen, such as Marguerite of Navarre, protected reformers. Section 4, Chapter 17

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5. What were the goals of the Jesuits Section 4, Chapter 17

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Section 4, Chapter 17 MAIN IDEAS, continued 5. Improve Catholic education, convert non-Christians, and stop the spread of Protestantism. Section 4, Chapter 17

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