WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Forskning i vindenergi ved Aalborg Universitet - Brug af Aalborg Østhavn Vindmøllen • • • • •
Velkomst ved John Dalsgaard Sørensen, Centerleder WEST Ole Gunneskov, Vestas Axel A. Petersen, Elsam Dekan Finn Kjærsdam, Tek-Nat, AAU Forskningsområder i vindenergi i WEST (in English) – – – – – –
Power electronics and power systems, Frede Blåbjerg Energy planning, Poul Alberg Østergaard Wind turbine dynamics, Søren R.K. Nielsen Wind turbine foundation, Lars Bo Ibsen Wind turbine blades, Erik Lund Loads & safety, John Dalsgaard Sørensen
• Afslutning, John Dalsgaard Sørensen • Transport til Aalborg Møllen – Besøg ved vindmøllen & Forfriskninger: øl/vand, sandwich mm.
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
WEST – Aalborg Universitet (Wind Energy Systems and Technologies) WEST: organiseret som et virtuelt center med deltagerne fysisk placeret ved en række forskellige institutter på Aalborg Universitet (AAU) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Institut for Vand, Jord og Miljøteknik Institut for Bygningsteknik Aalborg Universitet Esbjerg Institut for Elektroniske systemer - Afdeling for Proceskontrol Institut for Energiteknik Institut for Maskinteknik Institut for Samfundsudvikling og Planlægning
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
WEST – Aalborg Universitet Formål: • Koordinere forskning og undervisning indenfor vindenergiområdet ved Tek-Nat, AAU • Styrke samspillet mellem forskningsaktiviteterne indenfor vindenergiområdet ved forskellige forskningsmiljøer på AAU • Øge synligheden af universitetets vindkraftforskning og undervisning både internt og eksternt. • Initiere forsknings- og udviklingsaktiviteter • Opnå synergieffekt ved at samle alle aktiviteter i ét center • DFV, DAWE, EAWE,…
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Faglige områder i WEST • • • • • • •
Energiplanlægning El-tekniske komponenter og effektelektronik Kontrol og regulering Strukturel design Strukturdynamik Fundering Last og sikkerhed
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Undervisning Ordinær uddannelse: Specialer og kurser indenfor • Energiplanlægning og bæredygtig energi • Mekanik og strukturdynamik • El-tekniske komponenter og effektelektronik
Efteruddannelse: • Masteruddannelse i vindenergi
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Undervisning - projekter Projekter indenfor vindenergi findes på alle semestre fra Basisåret (1-2. sem.) til afgangsprojekter (10. sem.) Eksempler: • • • • •
Havvindmøller (Basisåret) Optimering af vindmøllevinger Dynamisk strukturanalyse af vindmølle Transient analyse Nettilslutning af vindmøller
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Forskning • Offshore vindmølle ved Aalborg Østhavn – NM2750 • Havvindmøller i Frederikshavn • Forskningsprojekter – 20-30 projekter – PhD projekter / kurser
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Aalborg Østhavn Vindmøllen vindmølle
Aalborg Universitet
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Aalborg Østhavn Vindmøllen Elsam:
ejer
Vestas
NM-2750 offshore vindmølle navhøjde: 70 m vinger: 92 m i diameter
AAU:
forskning og uddannelse
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Aalborg Østhavn Vindmøllen Målemast: - 70 m høj - ca. 150 m SV for vindmølle - vindmålere i 27m, 47m og 70m Vindmølle: - vindmålere - accelerationer - momenter i vinger, tårn, og hovedaksel - elektrisk effekt
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Program • • • •
Ole Gunneskov, Vestas Axel A. Petersen, Elsam Dekan Finn Kjærsdam, Tek-Nat, AAU Forskningsområder i vindenergi i WEST (in English) – – – – – –
Power electronics and power systems, Frede Blåbjerg Energy planning, Poul Alberg Østergaard Wind turbine dynamics, Søren R.K. Nielsen Wind turbine foundation, Lars Bo Ibsen Wind turbine blades, Erik Lund Loads & safety, John Dalsgaard Sørensen
• Afslutning, John Dalsgaard Sørensen
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research in Power Electronics and Power Systems Wind Turbine Activities by Professor Frede Blaabjerg Aalborg University
[email protected] http://www.iet.aau.dk/~fbl/
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Organisation
20 VIP 15 PhD 10 Guest Researchers 10 Research Assistansts
Institute of Energy Technology
12 TAP
Power Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical
Machines
Fluid Mechanics and Combustion
Fluid Power Systems
Thermal Energy systems
••
Actuators and Motion Control
Advanced Combustion and Multiphase Processes
Power converters
Traction and automotive
Industrial drive systems
Thermal design of elec. device
Wind Turbines
Stratetic cooperation: • EMSD • EDS (Risø) • CEES • NEED • FACE • WEST • DFV (Risø)
Fuel cells
Research Programme
Lab. Facilities: • Power electronics Systems • Drive Systems Tests • Hydraulic • Power systems • High Voltage • DSpace • Laser Systems • Fuel Cell Systems • Proto Type Facilities
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Wind Turbine Research programme • Mission – To conduct leading edge research at internally excellent level – To improve reliability, energy efficiency and cost – To support development of the wind turbine technology for Danish companies. – In 20 years the cost pr. produced kWh should be halfed
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Wind Turbine Research programme • Focused on the electrical area • Core reseach areas – – – – –
Components in Wind turbine systems Control and monitoring in wind turbine systems Simulation and design tools for wind power systems Planning, design and optimisation of large scale wind farms Interconnection of wind power with power networks
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Electrical Power Wind power Rotor
Gearbox (optional)
Generator
Power converter (optional)
Supply grid
Consumer
Power conversion & power control
Power transmission
Power conversion
Power conversion & power control
Power transmission
Control and monitoring
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Institute of Energy Technology
Power Systems
Power Electronic Systems
Electrical Machines
Fluid Power Systems
Fluid Mechanics and Combustion
Thermal Energy systems
Wind Turbine System Research Program
Industrial Partners
Research Institutions
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research Wind Turbines
−
− − −
Danish Academy of Wind Energy (DAWE) ( > 20 Ph.D. students, FUR) 2003-2007 Simulation platform for wind turbines (AAU, Risø, EFP) 2001-2003 Advanced modelling and control of doubly-fed induction generator system (Vestas, AAU, Risø, ATV) 2001-2004 Stand-alone concepts for small wind turbines (Mita, Gaia, Risø, AAU, UVE) 2001-2003
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research Wind Turbines
Model for the Interplay between Distributed Generation Units (MOSAIK) (AAU, Energi og Miljø Data, EFP) 2001-2003 − Optimization of Electrical System for off-shore wind farms by a genetic algorithm approach (AAU, FUR), 2004-2006 − Power Quality of Grid Connected Wind Turbines and their interaction with the grid (AAU, AAU/FUR), 2003-2004 − Simulations and Control of Wind Farms (Risø, DTU, AAU, E2, PSO), 2002-2004 - Segmented Motor Drives (AAU, Vestas, Grundfos, ATV) 2002-2005 -
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research Wind Turbines • Simulation and verification of transients in large Wind Turbine Power Plants • (Risø, NEG-MICON control A/S, NVE og AAU) • Project contents: – Simulation of fault-situations in the grid at Hagesholm – Comparison of simulations in DigSilent og EMTDC with measurements on Hagesholm.
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research Wind Turbines • Stability and Control of Wind Farms in Power Systems • (Risø,AAU, Ph.D) • Project content: – Stability requirements – Future concepts more suitable for ride-through control. – To assess ride-through capabilities, simulation models of wind turbine controllers and controllers of different wind farm concepts will be created and programmed in DIgSILENT PowerFactory. – The wind farm concepts considered will include conventional AC systems, as well as possible future concepts like HVDC and FACTS. Simulations of different transient stability scenarios will be done.
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research Wind Turbines • Conditioning Monitoring of Wind turbines • (Risø, Vestas og AAU) • Project-content: – Determination of different faults in wind turbines – Classification of electrical and mechanical faults – Detection methods by means of electrical measurements – Vestas Wind Turbine with wounded induction generator rotor is used as test-object .
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Reliable Grid Condition Detection in DPGS
General Applications
Green Power Inverter
Power Electronics is a key technology - How do we control and detect ?
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Reliable Grid Condition Detection in DPGS Wind turbine Grid connection
• A PLL is used for grid synchronization Control performance optimized
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Electrical design and optimization of wind turbines
Simulation-platform Phase 2
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Electrical design and optimization of wind turbines Simulation-platform
•Also many models in PSCAD/EMTDC
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Electrical design and optimization of wind turbines Contents WP1: Modelling of ”new” electrical components in wind turbines and grid WP2: Modelling of electrical components at special events WP3: Validation and new electrical design of wind turbines WP4: Optimized electrical-mechanical design of wind turbines •Two year project • Continuity • Validation and electrical design with industry (50 % – 50 %) • One project is already initiated
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Integration and control of windfarms in DK
Problems to be solved
p(t) variable
p(t) variable
p(t) fixed
Energy storage? Short-term solution - Long-term solution
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Contents
Goals
Integration and control of windfarms in DK •Maxmum penetration of wind energy in Denmark •Voltage, frequency, power control and stability •Take into account compensation units •Model of transmission system with all power sources •Model of wind turbines, wind farms (AC/DC) and other sources •Model of loads, compensation units, protection system •Determination of different critical situations (faults, etc ) •Analysis of voltage, frequency, power control and stability with wind farms •Evaluation
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Energy planning Poul Alberg Østergaard
www.energyplanning.aau.dk
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Department of Development and Planning • Staff of 127 researchers and administrative staff • Four divisions • Geomatics – Urban Studies and Planning – Technology, Environment and Society – Traffic Research Group
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Technology, Environment and Society • Staff: 21 • The research of the division is interdisciplinary and combines perspectives from social science with aspects of engineering and planning, particularly with a focus on technological change and environment.
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Staff • • • • • •
Professor Frede Hvelplund Associate professor Henrik Lund Associate professor Poul Alberg Østergaard Assistant professor Bernd Möller External associate professor Anders N Andersen Ph. D Student Decharut Sukkumnoed
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Energy planning Research centred around the technical, economic and institutional possibilities and barriers for advancing a sustainable development of the energy systems
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Current research projects • MOSAIK – Model of the Interplay between Distributed generation Units • Local Energy markets
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Educational programmes • Plan & Miljø (“Planning and Environment”)
• Environmental Management • Sustainable Energy Plannning
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research areas within energy planning pertaining to wind power • • • • •
Resource mapping System integration Grid integration Economic analyses Institutional analyses
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research areas within energy planning pertaining to wind power • • • • •
Resource mapping System integration Grid integration Economic analyses Institutional analyses
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research areas within energy planning pertaining to wind power Wind Power
• • • • •
Resource mapping System integration Grid integration Economic analyses Institutional analyses
Import Export
Photo Voltaic
Fuel
Electricity Demand
Power Plant
Transport Flexible Heat Pump
CHP unit CSHP unit
Heat Storage
Boiler DH-boiler
Heat Demand
Solar Thermal
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research areas within energy planning pertaining to wind power BDK
Norge
SBA
NSP
FRT
NOR
HVO FRD SKA
Off-shore vind VHA ÅBØ HVV
ADL
KLT
VIL
BED
FER
MOS
BIL LOL
TJE HNB
STR
MLU MES
TAN
MKS
TRI BJH
STS
HER ASR
Signatur
THØ
IDU VID
Sverige
V
KLF
V
Resource mapping System integration Grid integration Economic analyses Institutional analyses
N
• • • • •
DYB
MLP
HØN
ÅSP
400 kV knude 150 kV knude 400/150 kV Transformer 400 kV linje 150 kV linje Ikke modelleret SDL Knudenavn Centralt kraftv.
HSK MSL HAS MAL
THY
HAT KAE
Off-shore vind
LYK
EST VKE
SFE E DR REV
LAG
KNA
BDR RYT BØP GRP KIN
AND HOD MAG
SVS TYS
RIB
FVO OSØ ABS
FGD SVB
BBR
KAS
SHE SØN
Tyskland
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research areas within energy planning pertaining to wind power Resource mapping System integration Grid integration Economic analyses Institutional analyses
Marginal trade income and wind production costs 400 100 kr/t CO2 DKK/MWh
• • • • •
300
High Cost Middle
200
Low Cost 250 kr/t CO2
100
0 kr/t CO2 0 0
5
10
15
20
25
Wind input (TWh)
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Research areas within energy planning pertaining to wind power • • • • •
Resource mapping System integration Grid integration Economic analyses Institutional analyses
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Energy planning and the Aalborg Østhavn Vindmølle • Meteorological data • Demonstration
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Wind Turbine Blades by Erik Lund Wind energy research at the Institute of Mechanical Engineering
Mechanics for the Future
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Facts about the Institute of Mechanical Engineering Staff: •
Approximately 50 (including Ph.D. students and TAP)
Mission: • • • •
Education and tutoring: B.Sc., M.Sc. and Ph.D. level degrees: Special curriculum in “Design of Mechanical Systems” (DMS) Fundamental and applied research Collaboration with industry on research and development Research collaboration with universities and research institutions
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Principal Competence Groups / Research Groups: • “Materials Science and Engineering” • “Mechanics and Design of Structures” (Lightweight Composite and Sandwich Structures Group) • “Computer Aided Engineering Design and Product Development”
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Materials Science and Engineering Ryszard Pyrz, Jens H. Andreasen, Jan Schjødt-Thomsen, Jens V. Nygaard, .. Key areas of research: • Mechanics of materials • Mesomechanics • Closed loop between processing/fabrication and materials characterisation • Polymers, polymer based composites, metal alloys, ceramics and microcellular materials • Nanocomposites
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Current/future research topics: • • • • • • •
Modelling of surface coatings Phase transformation toughening in ceramics Object-oriented finite element method and X-ray microtomography Stereology and 3-D simulations of microstructures Micro-Raman spectroscopy of evolving microstructures Morphology of microstructure and correlation with properties Molecular dynamics simulation and its coupling with other length scales Participates in STVF Framework Programme: "Interface design of composite materials"
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Mechanics and Design of Structures Ole Thybo Thomsen, Arne Kildegaard, Elena Bozhevolnaya, Jørgen Kepler, Anders Lyckegaard, …
Key areas of research: • Mechanics, design and analysis of lightweight structures • Materials and structures characterisation • Polymer-based composite structures • Sandwich structures • Processing
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Current/future research topics: • Load introduction aspects in composite and sandwich structures • Mechanical and adhesive bonded joints • Localised effects • Non-linear effects • Analysis and design of composite and sandwich shells • Impact and dynamics • Manufacturing processes and their influence on the mechanical performance
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Application for “Innovationskonsortium”: Integrated Design and Processing of Lightweight Composite and Sandwich Structures Participants: Composhield A/S Diab A/S Fiberline Composites A/S LM Glasfiber A/S Vestas Wind Systems A/S Risø Force Technology IME, AAU (Ole Thybo Thomsen)
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Computer-Aided Engineering Design and Product Development Niels Olhoff, Erik Lund, John Rasmussen, Michael R. Hansen, Niels L. Pedersen, ...
Key areas of research: • • • • • • • •
Computer-aided engineering design Virtual prototyping Rational design Multidisciplinary design optimization Design of dynamic multibody systems Fluid-structure interaction problems Acoustic design criteria Biomechanics
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Analysis and Optimization of Laminated Composite Shell Structures Ph.D. Project 2001-2004 by Jan Stegmann, IME, AAU Supervisor: Erik Lund, IME, AAU
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Hybrid CFRP/GFRP Main Spars for Wind Turbine Rotor Blades: Analysis, Design and Experimental Validation Industrial Ph.D. Project, November 2002-2005 by Lennart Kühlmeier, Vestas Wind Systems A/S Supervisors: Ole Thybo Thomsen and Erik Lund, IME, AAU Kaj Halling, Vestas Wind Systems A/S
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
EFP-project: Improved Basis for Design of Large Wind Turbine Blades Participants: Risø, DTU, AAU, Vestas Wind Systems A/S and LM Glasfiber A/S Ph.D. project (2004-2007) funded by the EFP-project:
Structural Instability Phenomena in Wind Turbine Blades Lars Christian Terndrup Overgaard, IME, AAU Supervisors: Erik Lund and Ole Thybo Thomsen, IME, AAU
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Modeling, Simulation and Optimization of the Moulding Process for Wind Turbine Blades Industrial Ph.D. Project 1999-2003 by Michael S. Koefoed, LM Glasfiber A/S Supervisors: Erik Lund, IME, AAU Lars Lilleheden, LM Glasfiber A/S
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Blade cross section: experiment and simulation
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Position of Flow Front (Experiment and Simulation)
Flow front at top
Flow front at bottom
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization of Composite Structures Taking Manufacturing into Account Ph.D. Project 2003-2006 by Daniel Kai Jensen, IME, AAU Supervisors: Niels Olhoff and Ole Thybo Thomsen, IME, AAU
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Loads & safety • Stochastic modeling of loads and strength – Wind and wave loads – Strength: fatigue, … – Statistical methods for data analysis
• Reliability analysis of structural components – Blades + Hub + Tower + Foundation
• Risk analysis: risk = probability x consequence – Integration of all failure modes in risk assessment
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Loads & safety – research projects • Uniform reliability of offshore wind turbines – Observed failure rates 1984-2000 • Failure of blades: approximately 2 10-3 per year (decreasing) • Wind turbine collapses: approximately 0.8 10-3 per year (decreasing)
– Failure rates used in code calibration: • Structural failure: 10 -3 per year
– Optimal reliability level (minimum total cost) • Structural failure – tower + foundation: 0.2 10-3 - 10-3 per year
– Uniform reliability level for • structural and mechanical components • control failure
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Loads & safety – research projects • Reliability-based optimal maintenance and inspection planning – Fatigue failures in Tower (+ Blades + Hub) – Uncertainty in • Fatigue strength – SN curves and fracture mechanics models • Loads – wind and waves
– Minimize total expected costs to material + inspection + maintenance + evt. failure – Include information from monitoring – Generic inspection and maintenance planning
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WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Loads & safety • Calibration wind turbulence model at the Aalborg Østhavn Wind turbine – Measurements at mast and wind turbine – Identify main uncertainties
• Risk analysis: risk = probability x consequence – Integration of all failure modes in risk assessment: Structural failure + Mechanical failure + Electrical failure + Control failure
• Extreme wave load for offshore wind turbines
WEST – Wind Energy Systems and Technologies Wind power research and education at Aalborg University
Aalborg Østhavn Vindmøllen Tranholmvej Rørdalsvej vindmølle
Fibigerstræde 16
Egensevej
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