Integration of Wind into Future Energy Systems Prof. Dr. Jürgen Schmid Fraunhofer IWES Kassel Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen

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Development of electricity generation form renewable sources in Germany 1990 - 2011

Quelle: BMU, März 2012

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Energy efficiency gains in future energy systems

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Efficiency gain combined heat and power production and direct power conversion from renewables 1) Energieeffizienz (trad. Biomasse, etc.) Stromerzeugung 2) Ausbau der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung 3) Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien (Wind, Solar, Wasser)

Quelle: Sterner, Schmid, Wickert, 2008; WBGU, 2008

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Electricity production from renewables and power consumption in Germany

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Primary energy demand and CO2 emissions in the electric power systemdemand and CO2 emissions Primary energy

CO2-emissions

Primary energy demand

in the electric power system

PE

co2 25

80

100

Renewable energy share in the power generation © Fraunhofer IWES

[%]

Efficiency gain electro mobility: 3 - 4

Verkehr 5) Umstieg auf Elektromobilität 2) Nutzung der Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung

Quelle: Sterner, Schmid, Wickert, 2008; WBGU, 2008

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Vorteile der Elektromobilität: - Abwärmenutzung möglich - CO2-Abtrennung möglich - kein Feinstaub in den Städten - weniger Lärm - Stromspeicher

Endenergiebereitstellung aus Erneuerbaren Energien [GWh/a]

Traffic: Development of final energy consumption Benzinersatz (regenerativ) Flugtreibstoff (regenerativ) Wasserstoff Gesamtbedarf

800.000 700.000

Dieselersatz (regenerativ) Erneuerbares Methan Strom Quelle: ZSW

600.000 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000

© Fraunhofer IWES

0 2005

2010

2015

2020

2030

2040

2050

PE

co2

combustion engine (average) © Fraunhofer IWES

CO2-emissions [gCO2/km]

Primary energy demand [kWh/km]

Primary energy demand and CO2-emissions of cars with Primary energy demand and CO2-emissions of cars with combustion engine and with electric motor combustion engine and with electric motor

25

80

100

Renewable energy share in the power generation

electric motor

[%]

Ligneous biomass as substitute for fossil fuel

Direct combustion (heating, power plant)

Conversion and use as btl-fuel (vehicle fuel)

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Substitute of fossil fuel

Nutzenergiebereitstellung Wärme aus Erneuerbaren Energien [GWh/a]

Heat energy supply by renewable energies 1.400.000 Umweltwärme Kollektoren Biomasse/Erneuerbares Methan Gesamtnutzenergiebedarf für Wärme Quelle: ZSW

1.200.000

1.000.000

800.000

600.000

400.000

200.000

0 2005

© Fraunhofer IWES

2010

2015

2020

2030

2040

2050

Primary energy demand and CO2-emissions of Primary energy demand and CO -emissions of conventional heating systems and electric heat pumps 2

PE

co2 conventional heating systems (average)

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CO2-emissions [gCO2/kWhth]

Primary energy demand [kWh/kWhth]

conventional heating systems and electric heat pumps

25

80

100

Renewable energy share in the power generation

electric heat pump

[%]

German lead study 2009 without additional consumers – 2050 (meteorological basis 2007)

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Power Transport Systems

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Regenerative combined power station

© Fraunhofer IWES

Wind

Solar

Biogas

Hydro

Import/ Export

12,6 MW

5,5 MW

4,0 MW

1,0 MW

1,0 MW

Deep Sea Pumped Storage Device

Consumer

Electricity generators bowl of ferro concrete Power cable

Pump turbine

Storage volume (Pressure < 200 bar)

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Electricity storage through interface of electricity and gas grid SOURCES CONSUMPTION ELECTRICITY GRID

STORAGE / TRANSPORT Balancing Electricit y Gas Power Stations Heat GAS DISTRIBUTION

Traffic

Quelle: Specht et al, 2009 Sterner, 2009

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Electricity storage through interface of electricity and gas grid

FREISTAAT THÜRINGEN

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Energy efficiency gains by renewable energies today

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future

Summary

 The German energy transformation is based on energy efficiency and renewable energies  Wind energy will remain the most important renewable energy source  The largest contribution to energy efficiency gains will be provided

by renewable energies

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