Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Contents
WEED CONTROL HANDBOOK FOR DECLARED PLANTS IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA Acknowledgements
NRM Biosecurity
• The following NRM Officers: Peter Michelmore, Joel Horn, Sandy Cummins, Kym Haebich, Paul Gillen, Russell Norman, Anton Kurray, Tony Richman, Michael Williams, Alan Robins, Rory Wiadrowski, Iggy Honan, Tony Zwar, Greg Patrick, Grant Roberts, Kevin Teague and Phil Elson.
Phone: 08 8303 9620 Fax: 08 8303 9555 Email:
[email protected] Web: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity
• The following Rural Solutions SA Consultants: Adrian Harvey and John Pitt. • Weed Society of Queensland Inc. for their publication Weeds of Southern Queensland. • The NSW Department of Primary Industries for their publication Noxious and environmental weed control handbook – a guide to weed control in non-crop, aquatic and bushland situation. • The Environment Protection Authority for their pesticide use guides.
Compiled by Ben Shepherd Biosecurity Consultant Rural Solutions SA
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© South Australian Government 2013 Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Biosecurity SA GPO Box 1671 Adelaide SA 5001 ISBN 978-0-9875872-0-6 print ISBN 978-0-9875872-1-3 pdf
Disclaimer Use of the information in this handbook is at your own risk. Primary Industries & Regions South Australia, Biosecurity SA and their employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use or results of the use of the information contained herein as regards to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The entire risk as to the results from the implementation of the information which has been given to you is assumed by you. All liability or responsibility to any person using the information is expressly disclaimed by PIRSA, Biosecurity SA and their employees. Users of agricultural chemical products must always read the registered label and any relevant APVMA permit before using a product, and comply fully with the label directions or the conditions of the permit.
Index to Recommended herbicides for declared plants of South Australia______________ 01 About this book__________________________________ 03 The plants included in this book_____________________ 04 Herbicide use_____________________________________ 06 Weed control methods____________________________ 12 Non-herbicide control methods____________________ 13 Herbicide control methods________________________ 15 Recommended herbicides for declared plants of South Australia______________ 17 References______________________________________ 97 Useful websites__________________________________ 97 IMAGE CREDITS____________________________________ 98
Index to Recommended herbicides for declared plants of South Australia
African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) WoNS ________________________ 18
Cape tulip (one and two leafed) (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata)________ 43
African feathergrass (Pennisetum macrourum)_________________________ 19
Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) WoNS______________________ 44
African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) _______________________________ 20
Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) WoNS________________________ 45
African rue (Peganum harmala) ___________________________________ 22
Common lantana (Lantana camara) WoNS____________________________ 46
Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) ___________________________________ 22
Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta) __________________________________ 47
Alkali sida (Malvella leprosa) _____________________________________ 23
Creeping knapweed (Rhaponticum repens)____________________________ 48
Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) AW ______________________________ 23
Cutleaf mignonette (Reseda lutea) _________________________________ 49
Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) WoNS_________________________________ 24
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) AW_______________________________________ 50
Azarola (Crataegus sinaica) ______________________________________ 25
Dog rose (Rosa canina)_________________________________________ 51
Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum)_________________________________ 26
English/Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) WoNS________________________ 52
Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) WoNS__________________________ 27
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) AW_______________________ 53
Bifora (Bifora testiculata) ________________________________________ 28
False caper (Euphorbia terracina)__________________________________ 53
Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus sp. agg) WoNS__________________________ 28
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)_______________________________ 54
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)__________________________________ 30
Field garlic (Allium vineale)_______________________________________ 55
Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) WoNS________________________ 31
Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) WoNS __________________________ 55
Bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) WoNS________________________ 32
Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) WoNS___________________________ 56
Bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) WoNS_____________________________ 33
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) WoNS____________________________________ 56
Broad-kernel espartillo (Amelichloa caudata) AW_______________________ 34
Hoary cress (Cardaria draba)_____________________________________ 57
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp. – O.ramosa, O. cerbua var cernua, O. aegyptiaca, O. minor) AW______________________ 35
Horehound (Marrubium vulgare) ___________________________________ 59
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) ____________________________________ 36
Innocent weed (Cenchrus incertus and C. longispinus)____________________ 61
Bulbil watsonia (Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera)______________________ 37
Khaki weed (Alternanthera pungens)________________________________ 62
Cacti (Prickly pear/ Wheel cactus and other Opuntia spp. – except O. ficus-indica) WoNS____________________________________ 38
Lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) AW______________________________ 62
Calomba daisy (Oncosiphon suffruticosum)___________________________ 39
Lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)_________________________________ 63
Horsetail (Equisetum spp.) AW____________________________________ 60
Leafy elodea (Egeria densa) AW___________________________________ 63
Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris)_______________________________________ 40 WoNS – Weed of National Significance
Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) WoNS_____________________________ 64
Cane needlegrass (Nassella hyalina) AW_____________________________ 41
May or hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)_____________________________ 65
AW – Alert Weed
Cape broom (Genista monspessulana) ______________________________ 42
Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) WoNS AW_________________________________ 65 Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Mexican feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) AW________________________ 66
Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea)__________________________________ 83
Muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum)_________________________________ 67
Slender thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus)________________________________ 84
Noogoora burr complex (Xanthium strumarium sp. agg.) __________________ 67
Soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna)__________________________________ 84
Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus)________________________ 70
Soursob (Oxalis pes-caprae)______________________________________ 85
Olive (Olea europaea) – excluding cultivated trees_______________________ 70
Spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare)____________________________________ 86
Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) WoNS AW _________________________ 71
Sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa)_____________________________________ 87
Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) AW___________________________ 72
Texas needlegrass (Nassella leucotricha)_____________________________ 88
Perennial ragweed (Ambrosia spp.)_________________________________ 72
Three corner jack (Emex australis)__________________________________ 89
Perennial thistle (Cirsium arvense) _________________________________ 73
Three cornered garlic (Allium triquetrum)_____________________________ 89
Pheasant’s eye (Adonis microcarpa)________________________________ 74
Three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)__________________________ 90
Pink pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata)_______________________________ 74
Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii) AW___________________________________ 90
Plumerillo (Jarava plumosa) AW___________________________________ 75
Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum)_______________________________ 91
Poison buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus)____________________________ 76
Water caltrop (Trapa natans) AW___________________________________ 92
Primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) AW_____________________________ 77
Water dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides)____________________________ 93
Sagittaria (arrowhead) (Sagittaria graminea) WoNS______________________ 78
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) WoNS AW________________________ 93
Salvation Jane (Echium plantagineum)_______________________________ 78
Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) AW________________________________ 94
Salvinia (Salvinia spp.) WoNS AW__________________________________ 80
Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus)________________________________ 94
Senegal tea plant (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) AW_____________________ 80
Willows (Salix spp.) WoNS_______________________________________ 95
Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) AW____________________________ 81
Yellow burrweed (Amsinckia spp.)__________________________________ 96
Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) WoNS____________________ 82
About this book
This book provides information on how to control South Australia’s declared plants. The first section of the book provides information regarding declared plants, weed control methods and the important legal, environmental and OHW&S considerations when using herbicides for weed control. The second section is a table of recommended herbicide options, rates and application methods for South Australia’s declared plants. These recommendations were compiled with assistance from people with experience in controlling South Australia’s declared plants including Natural Resource Management Officers, bush regenerators and agronomists. Various resources were also drawn upon including fact sheets, interstate weed control guides and herbicide labels and permits. The recommendation table lists plants in alphabetical order by their common name. Herbicide active ingredients(s) are then listed in alphabetical order for each plant along with the recommended application rate, method and timing; the herbicides mode of action and general comments regarding the recommendation. Note that one example product name has been included for each herbicide, there are often several products for the same herbicide and users should shop around for the best product with the correct active ingredient(s).
All herbicide recommendations listed in the table are registered or permitted for use by the Agricultural Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA). Users should refer to the label or permit for specific details about the situation within which the herbicide can be used. In the recommendation table registered uses are labelled ‘registered’ and permit numbers (e.g. PER 1234) are provided for permitted uses. IMPORTANT: The herbicide recommendations provided in this book should be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
The plants included in this book
Declared plants Declared plants are plants that are regulated under the Natural Resources Management Act 2004 due to their weed threat to South Australia’s primary industries, natural environments and public safety. The Minister for Sustainability, Environment and Natural Resources may declare a weed when some of the powers of the Act are needed to implement the regional NRM Boards’ strategic plans to manage the weed. Plant species are declared under various provisions of the Act relating to: • Movement – The declared plant must not be moved on a public road (e.g. as a cutting, seed or potted specimen). Inadvertent movement of the plant on animals, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce may also be prohibited. • Sale – The declared plant must not be sold at any outlet including nurseries, pet shops and market stalls. Sale of any animal, soil, vehicle, machinery or produce contaminated with the plant may also be prohibited. • Notification – The presence and locations of the declared plant must be reported to the local NRM Board by the owner of the land. • Control – Landowners are required to take action to destroy or control certain declared plant species present on their property. NRM Boards are also responsible for controlling these declared plants on road reserves, and may have the power to recover costs of control from the adjoining landowners. Some or all of these provisions apply to each declared plant depending on the region where the plant occurs.
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Land owners, including the Crown, are responsible for the control of declared weeds on their own land. The NRM Boards are responsible for co-ordinating weed control in each region; they are also responsible for controlling declared weeds on road reserves, and may recover the costs of this work from the owners of adjoining land. Local Councils are responsible for all other weed control work on road reserves. The responsibilities of land owners and others also include preventing the inadvertent movement of declared plants on livestock, soil, vehicles, machinery or produce.
Importance of Early Intervention All weed management has costs, and these are paid by the community. Weed management benefits the community in terms of production and asset protection.
Weeds of National Significance (WoNS) Included in South Australian declared plant list are relevant Weeds of National Significant (WoNS). WoNS have been identified as national threats due to their invasiveness, economic and environmental impacts. These weeds are denoted as ‘WoNS’ in the recommendation table. Alert Weeds Alert weeds are also included in South Australia’s declared plant list. Alert Weeds are high threat species that, should they enter the state, have the potential to invade and cause significant economic and environmental impacts. All people should be on the lookout and report Alert Weeds to their local NRM Authority. Alert weeds may also be WoNS weeds. These weeds are denoted with ‘AW’ in the recommendation table.
Prevention of entry is the most cost-effective form of weed control; eradication of a new introduction is also good value. Containment may have worthwhile returns on investment when a weed with high impacts is still absent from vulnerable lands. After this stage, decisions on control effort are made by land managers according to value of the asset and the impact of the weed.
Area occupied
Asset based protection
Containment
Eradication
Weed absent
Entry of weed
Prevention
1:100 Prevention
Small number of localised populations
Rapid increase in distribution and abundance, many populations
Weed widespread and abundant throughout its potential range
1:25 Eradication
1:5-10 Containment
1:1-5 Asset based protection
Time
Based on information from Invasive Plants and Animals Policy Framework, Department of Primary Industries Victoria, www.dpi.vic.gov.au/ agriculture/pests-diseasesand-weeds/protectingvictoria-pest-animals-weeds/ invasive-plants-animal-policy
Economic returns Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Herbicide use
Herbicide registration Agricultural chemical products must be registered by the Australian Pesticide and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA) in accordance with the Agricultural and Veterinary Code Act 1994 (AGVET code) and the Agricultural & Veterinary Chemicals Administration Act 1994. In South Australia the main legislation controlling the use of agricultural and commercial pesticides is the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Act 2002 (AGVET Control of Use Act) and the Agricultural and Veterinary Products (Control of Use) Regulations 2004 (AGVET Control of Use Regulations). This legislation is administered and enforced by PIRSA. Registered products have labels that provide instructions on safety, use and disposal as well as identifying the active constituents and other ingredients of the product. Labels also outline the pests, crops and situations where the herbicide may be applied. In certain situations the APVMA may issue a minor use permit for use of a herbicide in a situation not specified on the label. Permits need to be applied for and will have specific conditions and expiry dates that must be adhered to. Following label or permit instructions ensures that herbicides are used effectively and do not have a negative impact on the environment, health, safety and trade. It is an offense to use unregistered pesticides unless you have a permit. To search for registered and permitted products visit the APVMA on line database at: services.apvma.gov.au/PubcrisWebClient/ welcome.do The use of herbicides in a manner that varies from the label instructions is called off-label use. In South Australia limited off-label use is allowed for activities deemed low risk. In these situations: • You may use a pesticide at less than the label rate of application. • You may use a pesticide less frequently than advised on the label.
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• You may use a pesticide to treat a pest not mentioned on the label as long as the crop is specified and you follow all other label conditions. • If there are no instructions for the use of the product on a crop in South Australia, then the product may be used on that crop if it is listed for another state. The product must not be used at a higher rate or frequency than listed for the crop in the other state, and must not be used if the label specifies that it is not for use in South Australia. Herbicide toxicity Many herbicides are hazardous chemicals toxic to humans and other living things and their inappropriate use can cause harm. Where possible choose herbicides with a low toxicity to humans and animals. The degree of toxicity of a herbicide is outlined on the label as a poison schedule. Poison scheduling is the national system used to classify substances based on their potential health risks. When using herbicides personal protection equipment (PPE) must always be worn to avoid contact with and absorption into the body. The degree of PPE required may depend on the application method and the herbicide’s toxicity; however, users should always wear: • PVC or nitrile gloves, • eye protection, • a respirator (with a filter appropriate to the level of toxicity), and • clothes, a hat and boots that cover the whole body. For higher risk herbicides more PPE and additional precautions may apply, including wearing a full face respirator and chemical resistant overalls.
Herbicide Poison Scheduling Signal heading
Schedule
Degree of hazard
No signal heading required; ‘Keep out of the reach of children’ only
Unscheduled
Low toxicity Not considered poisons however they may be capable of causing minor adverse effects to human beings in normal use.
‘Caution’
Schedule 5
Slight degree of hazard Have a low toxicity or a low concentration and pose a low to moderate hazard. They are capable of causing only minor adverse effects to human beings in normal use and require caution in handling, storage or use.
‘Poison’
Schedule 6
Moderate degree of hazard Have a moderate to high toxicity which may cause death or severe injury if they are ingested, inhaled or come in contact with the skin or eyes.
‘Dangerous Poison’
Schedule 7
High degree of hazard Have a high to extremely high toxicity which can cause death or severe injury at low exposures. They require special precautions in their manufacture, handling or use and are too hazardous for domestic use or use by untrained persons.
By law, Schedule 7 chemicals must not be sold to or be used by persons who have not completed appropriate training (e.g. ChemCert or equivalent) and shall not be used in domestic settings.
Herbicide spray drift Spray drift of fine spray droplets away from the target area can cause offtarget damage to plants, aquatic environments and humans. All herbicides are capable of drift; however the extent and damage caused by the drift will depend on the amount of drift, type of herbicide used and the susceptibility of the non-target plants and animals. All users have a moral and legal responsibility to prevent herbicides (and other pesticides) from drifting and contaminating or damaging neighboring properties and off-target species.
Spray drift can result in chemical trespass, the term used to describe the trespass of chemicals to off-target properties, crops or the environment that causes: • Actual or potential contamination of land, animals or plants outside the target area. • Actual or potential harm to human health and safety (within or outside the target area). • Actual or potential environmental harm (within or outside the target area). Chemical trespasses are reported to Biosecurity SA who will trigger an investigation and appropriate response to the incident. Penalties can apply.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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How to avoid spray drift and chemical trespass Where possible choose herbicides that are selective to the weed, are the least toxic to humans, animals and the environment, and pose the least threat to surrounding off target plants. Prior to spraying:
During spraying:
• Check for nearby sensitive areas such as houses, schools, riparian (waterway) areas and susceptible crops/ pastures,
• Carefully monitor weather conditions and the drift hazard
• Notify neighbours of planned herbicide treatments, • Check the anticipated weather conditions and do not spray if windy, still, humid or hot conditions are forecast during spray activities, and • Read and follow the label drift reduction recommendations.
• Do not spray when temperatures exceed 28°C • Do not spray under still or very windy conditions • Suitable wind speeds for spraying are 7-10km/h (a light breeze) • Do not spray after 11am in summer to avoid midday turbulence and • Do not spray during low relative humidity conditions, • Maintain a downwind buffer from neighboring properties/paddocks, • Do not spray upwind of sensitive areas, • Spray when temperatures are less than 25°C, • Minimise spray release height (as low to the ground as possible), • Always use the least volatile formulation of herbicide, and • Use nozzles and spray settings that produce a minimum proportion of small, drift-prone droplets (e.g. lower pressure, large droplets and higher spray volume). For more information on chemical trespass and spray drift management go to the Rural Chemicals section on the PIRSA website www.pir.sa.gov.au.
Herbicide use near waterways Many herbicides are toxic to aquatic ecosystems. Plants, invertebrates, amphibians and fish may be harmed when herbicides contaminate a body of water. Inappropriate use of herbicides may also cause significant risks to human health where water is pumped from a bore for domestic use, or flows to a reservoir. Herbicides can enter water bodies either directly through spray or spray drift, or they can move into water bodies via surface water run-off or leaching and sub-surface draining.
Important points to remember when applying herbicides near aquatic areas • Use only herbicides registered for use near waterways and always read and follow the label directions carefully,
When planning to undertake weed control within or adjacent to a water body, the use of herbicides should be avoided where practical - can the use of biological control, mowing, slashing or hand removal be employed instead of herbicides?
• When you are working near the edge of a water body, direct the spray away from the water body where possible,
If herbicides must be used near waterways choose products registered for use in aquatic areas, for example some glyphosate products. Always read the label carefully. Herbicides more appropriate for use near waterways will have the following characteristics: • low eco-toxicity, • nil or low volatility at all temperatures to reduce spray drift potential, • low water solubility to reduce potential for leaching to groundwater, • high soil absorption co-efficient to reduce potential for leaching into groundwater,
• Where possible use methods that avoid the need to spray herbicides e.g. cut stump and stem injection, • Never spray herbicides over a water body!
• Spray only to the extent of covering foliage with droplets, • Spray when weather is calm; strong winds may carry herbicide drift into water bodies. • Use a flat fan nozzle and a low pump/spray pressure to reduce the likelihood of spray drift, and • Do not spray when rainfall is forecast within six hours as herbicide can be washed off the pest plant and run off into aquatic ecosystems. For more information about control of weeds near waterways refer to Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the Environment Protection Authority. www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf
• a short half-life. Because of the sensitivity of aquatic environments, it is recommended that only trained, licensed contractors carry out spraying operations near water bodies. However, if you feel you can select the appropriate chemical, apply it according to best practice and avoid environmental or personal harm, then the following points are critical. Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Herbicide mode of action and herbicide resistance Herbicides act by interfering with specific processes in plants; this is known as the herbicides mode of action. Different herbicides may have the same mode of action and herbicides with the same mode of action are grouped from A to Z – see table below for examples. The herbicide group is clearly shown on each product label.
Herbicide resistance is the inherent ability of weeds to survive a herbicide that would normally control them. Herbicide resistant plants are present in weed populations at low frequencies. These resistant individuals do not become apparent until a herbicide with the same mode of action is used repeatedly and the resistant weeds are allowed to survive, set seed and multiply while susceptible plants are killed.
HERBICIDE GROUPS AND MODE OF ACTION
If herbicide resistance develops, other herbicides (with a different mode of action) or other control methods (non-chemical) will need to be used. Once herbicide resistance occurs it will persist for many years.
Herbicide group label – Mode of action
Herbicide
M Uncoupling (Membrane disruption)
glyphosate
Inhibition of DHP (dihydropteroate) I synthase
triclopyr; picloram, dicamba; MCPA; 2,4-D; clopyralid, fluroxypr and others
B Inhibition of acetolactate synthase ALS (acetohydroxyacid synthase AHAS)
chlorsulfuron; flumetsulam; imazapyr; imazethapyr; metsulfuron-methyl; triasulfuron and others
Inhibition of photosynthesis at photosystem C
bromoxynil; hexazinone; tebuthiuron and others
A Inhibition of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)
fluazifop-p; cyhalofop butyl and others
Inhibition of cell wall (cellulose) synthesis L
diquat; paraquat
Z Unknown
MSMA
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To minimise the chance of herbicide resistance it is important to use a range of weed control methods and alternate between different herbicide groups. For further information, please see the WeedSmart website www.weedsmart.org.au. Herbicide compatibility Using more than one herbicide in a herbicide mix can be an effective method of controlling hard to kill weeds or kill a broader range of weeds; however not all herbicides are compatible. When using more than one herbicide in a mix, users must ensure they are compatible. Compatible herbicides will be listed on the product label.
Herbicide adjuvants An adjuvant is any additive added to a herbicide that is intended to improve its effectiveness. There are many adjuvants available that help herbicides to adhere to and penetrate the weed (see table below) however the most commonly used ones are surfactants (also known as wetters), penetrants and dyes. Only ever use adjuvants that are compatible with the herbicide chosen; these will be listed on the herbicide label. Adjuvants which enhance product efficiency
Adjuvants which improve ease of application
Surfactants/Wetters/Spreaders – enhance adhesion to and spreading of spray droplets on target surfaces by reducing the surface tension of the pesticide formulation and improving coverage, such as;
Acidifying/buffering agents – agents adjust the pH of alkaline or acidic water and minimise decomposition of the pesticide through alkaline hydrolysis.
• Non-ionic surfactants – non-reactive, i.e. they do not have a negative charge or a positive charge; they remain on the leaf once dry and allow rewetting after rain, permitting additional pesticide uptake
Anti-foaming/de-foaming agents – reduce or suppress the formation of foam in the spray tank preventing foam overflow.
• Anionic surfactants – negative charge • Cationic surfactants – positive charge • Amphoteric surfactants • Organo-silicate surfactants • Acidified surfactants. Stickers – increase adhesion of pesticides to target surfaces.
Compatibility agents – permit the mixing of different agrochemicals by preventing antagonism between different ingredients in the spray solution. Drift control agents – alter the viscoelastic properties of the spray solution yielding a coarser spray with greater mean droplet sizes. Dyes – commonly used for spot or boom spraying herbicides to detect missed spots or avoid spraying a plant or area twice. Water conditioners – prevent reaction between hard water ions in spray solutions and suppress formation of precipitates or salts.
Penetrants – improve the transfer of active ingredients from the target surface to interior tissues. Extenders – enhance the amount of time the active ingredient remains toxic by increasing resistance to environmental degradation. Humectants – increase the density/drying time of an aqueous spray deposit.
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Weed control methods
There are a number of methods available to treat weeds and choosing the most suitable option will depend on:
Tips for successful weed control
• The aim of the control,
Prevention is cheap
• The scale of the problem,
• Ensure vehicles, machinery, livestock and produce do not carry weed seeds.
• The resources available,
• Report sales of declared plants to Biosecurity SA.
• Time constraints, and
• Pay particular attention to alert weeds – most have yet to become established in SA.
• The situation and location of the weeds. Herbicides alone should not be relied upon for weed control; instead, an integrated Weed Management (IWM) approach should be taken. Integrated Weed Management (IWM) combines appropriate weed control options including physical removal, chemical control, biological control and cultural control to achieve effective long term control.
Find weeds early • Get to know plants in your area/on your property and quickly identify and deal with new threats.
Watch your spread • Take measures to contain weed infestations and prevent further weed dispersal.
Plan your controls • Obtain information about managing your target weed. • Map infestations. • Treat weeds when they are young. • Use the recommended control method. Minimise damage to nontarget plants. Establish and promote competing vegetation.
Undertake follow up control • Continue follow up treatments over several years. Some plants may have been missed, some may not have died and new seedlings may emerge.
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Minimising weed spread One of the commonest ways in which weeds are spread is via vehicles and mobile machines that have travelled through an infested area. The easiest way to prevent weed spread is to thoroughly clean vehicles and machinery before leaving a site. The most effective cleaning options include: • Air blast hard-to-reach spots such as cavities and joints while the vehicle and any contaminants are still dry. • Wash the vehicle down using a low or high pressure cleaner, or a spray tank and pump. A commercial car wash will also remove the majority of weed seeds. Clean the vehicle from the top down. Spray the tyres and move the vehicle forward to ensure the whole tyre is clean. • Vacuum inside the cab to remove contaminants. • Use a brush or scraping implement to remove contaminants such as burrs and clods of mud from tynes or tyres. Also consider • Using detergents to assist the removal of grease, dirt and mud, which may contain weed seeds. • Clean the undercarriage, springs and axles of trailers. • For boats, check the floor and sides, propellers, anchor wells, cooling system inlet, bilges and bait wells. • Clean footwear and remove weeds seeds from socks and other clothing. • Use the same site for cleaning and monitor it regularly for weeds. Contaminated material must be disposed of in a way that ensures all weeds and seeds removed cannot spread or grow.
Non-herbicide control methods Hand pulling Hand pulling is an option where there are a small number of plants with tap roots that are not too deep. It is suitable for seedlings, herbaceous weeds and some grasses. When hand pulling, ensure the majority of the tap root has been removed and take measures to minimise soil disturbance. If the plant has the ability to vegetatively reshoot from fragments or has mature seeds attached, carefully pull, bag, remove and destroy the plants appropriately, taking care not to spill seeds along the way. Grubbing and/or digging out This method involves digging weeds out using a mattock, spade or hoe and is suitable when there are a small number of plants. Grubbing and digging out can be useful for weeds that have their growing points at ground level or below the surface of the ground such as weeds with corms, bulbs, rhizomes, clumped or fibrous root systems and grasses. This method involves removing all the above and underground parts of the plant (including bulbs, corms, etc) to prevent any part of the plant from regrowing. Often a great deal of soil disturbance can result from this method and follow-up monitoring for new germinations or regrowth is required. For some plants the above or underground parts of the plants (bulbs, corms etc) will need to be carefully removed from the site and disposed of appropriately. Mechanical control methods Mechanical control refers to the removal or manipulation of weeds using power tools or machinery and is usually used for large, dense infestations. Commonly employed methods include: • Using a slasher or mower to reduce weed growth and restrict flowering at critical times of the plant’s lifecycle. • Using a tractor to blade plough woody weeds out of the ground and destroy their root system. Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
• In a cultivated paddock, using a tractor and disc plough to sever roots and/or bury weeds. • Using a mulcher to turn woody weeds into a thick mulch layer which is spread back over the area to suppress regrowth and new germinations. • Using a mechanical weed puller attached to a tractor to pull woody weeds out of the ground. Mechanical control using heavy machinery (such as bulldozers) can result in a great deal of disturbance and may increase erosion, damage native vegetation and/or promote weed seed germinations. When considering the use of heavy machinery ensure that it is suited to the situation. Fire In some situations fire can be a useful method to reduce weed biomass, clear an area for follow-up chemical control and, for some fire sensitive species, destroy the plant altogether. Areas that have been burnt need to be monitored to ensure desirable species re-establish and weed species are suppressed through follow-up control. Some weeds such as buffel grass may actually benefit from fire. If the area contains rare or endangered species, or desirable species not adapted to fire, fire may destroy these plants and their seed bank. If undertaken in the wrong season, burning may result in a hot fire and lead to long-term damage or increased erosion. The use of fire as a weed management tool must therefore be used with extreme care. Before any planned burn, all necessary permissions must be obtained from the Local Council, Native Vegetation Authority and the South Australian Country Fire Service. Competition Competition using planted or regenerating native plants or pastures is an essential part of long-term weed management. Encouraging and maintaining cover of desired species will suppress weed growth, flowering and weed seed production by reducing access to available sunlight, nutrients and moisture.
14
On grazing land, managing grazing pressure to avoiding patches of bare ground are key preventative strategies for weed management. Weeds will typically invade overgrazed, high traffic areas where the ground is bare. Maintaining sustainable grazing pressures and moving stock regularly can ensure that weeds are less likely to find places to colonise. Biological control Plants introduced into Australia usually arrive without the natural enemies that kept their populations in check within their natural range. Without these natural enemies these introduced plants are able to rapidly reproduce and spread, becoming weeds. Biological control is the use of a weed’s natural enemy, such as insects, mites or pathogens (bacteria or fungi), which affect the health of the weed by either feeding or parasitising on it. Usually, the biological control agents come from the country of origin of the weed. A well known example was the release of the Cactoblastis moth to control prickly pear in Queensland in 1926 – within 6 years the moth virtually eliminated all major stands of prickly pear. Biological controls are not usually this successful but serve as an important tool to limit the growth and spread of the target weed and hence reduce the cost of other control methods. It is critical that biological control agents introduced into Australia do not become pests themselves therefore, prior to introduction rigorous testing is done on the agent to ensure it is specific only to the target weed they are intended for. Examples of biological agents established in South Australia include: the crown weevil on salvation Jane; the spider mite on gorse; the plume moth on horehound; a leaf rust fungus on blackberry; the leaf buckle mite on boneseed; a leaf hopper, a rust and a leaf beetle on bridal creeper; and many more. Current information about these agents can be found in Ivory and Mantel (2013), A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia.
Grazing In grazing situations stock will usually choose more palatable species over less palatable weeds such as scotch thistle and Salvation Jane; however, spraying some weeds with the correct herbicide at the correct time of year increases their palatability to stock. This method, known as spray grazing is used in pastures to suppress weed populations making pasture species more competitive.
Splatter gun method is a form of foliar spray where a splatter gun is used to apply a low volume of concentrated herbicide mix to foliage. A specialised nozzle produces a solid stream of large droplets of herbicide that can be applied from a distance of 6-10m away. Only a small portion of the foliage needs to be sprayed so non-target damage can be minimised. This technique is particularly useful in areas of difficult access and where water supply is limited.
Herbicide control methods
Wiper Application Wiper application is used for control of weeds including tufted grasses that grow higher than a crop or pasture species. The method involves applying herbicide solution to an absorbent surface, such as a length of rope or wick. The wetted surface is then used to wipe herbicide over the weed. The wetted surface is usually attached to a small boom and passed over pastures at a certain height to contact weeds that grow higher than the pasture species.
Foliar spray The foliar spray method involves spraying the foliage of the target plant, usually to before the point of run-off (i.e. until each leaf is wetted but not dripping) with a hand gun or boom spray. This method is suitable for herbaceous plants, shrubs, grasses and vines where complete coverage can be achieved. Foliar spray can be done in a number of ways depending on the nature of the weed, the size of the infestation and the presence of off-target plants. Boom spraying involves the use of a boom spray unit attached to a vehicle (4WD or tractor) to spray large areas of dense infestations or spray weeds within crops and pastures where selective herbicides can be used to kill the undesirable weeds and not the crop or pasture. Boom spray is suitable for control of weeds up to 1m in height. Spot spraying usually involves the use of either a hand held spray unit with a pneumatic pump or vehicle mounted spray unit with electric or petrol powered pump. The herbicide mix is delivered to the foliage of the plant via a hand gun. Spot spray is useful for weeds at low to high densities or weeds within desirable vegetation where the user can minimise off-target damage through careful application.
Cut stump method This method is useful for vines, multi-stemmed shrubs and medium to large trees, and even for some large herbs such as arum lily. The term cut and swab is also often used to describe this method. The main stem(s) or trunk(s) are cut off at their base by chainsaw, axe, brush cutter or machete and the stump immediately (within 10-15 seconds) sprayed or painted with herbicide mixture to the point of run-off. It is necessary to apply the herbicide promptly before the plant begins to seal the cut preventing penetration of the herbicide into the sap stream. The stump should be cut as close to the ground as possible. For some species care must be taken to remove cut branch fragments off and away from areas of moist soil such as a creek bed, swamp or low lying area where they may regenerate.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
15
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
Stem inject method This method applies to woody trees and shrubs with a single stem and trunk diameter of 5-10cm or greater. It involves cutting or drilling into the bark and injecting herbicide into the sap stream. Frill and fill method uses a narrow-bladed axe (5-7cm wide) to make a horizontal cut the width of the blade at an angle of about 45 degrees through the bark of the tree into the sap stream in the trunk. It is important not to make cuts too deep. The herbicide is then immediately applied (within 3 seconds) into the cut. Drill and fill method uses a cordless drill to drill (with a 9mm drill bit) 4cm holes around the base of the tree into the sapwood. Holes should be about 4cm deep (or deeper for trees with thick bark), angled down at 45 degrees and at 5-10cm intervals. Herbicide is then immediately (within 3 seconds) injected into the hole. It is necessary to inject the herbicide quickly before the plant seals the cut, thus barring the chemical penetrating the sap stream. For cactus species a sheep drenching needle (or equivalent) is used to inject a measured dose of herbicide into the stem of the plants. Basal bark method This method is used to treat saplings and multi-stemmed shrubs and regrowth with a basal diameter of less than 5cm. The herbicide, usually mixed with diesel at label rates, is applied to all sides of every stem from ground up to a height of around 30cm. Stems should be dry, free of fire charring and not have debris (e.g. from floods) accumulated around them. Scrape and paint method Scrape and paint is used for vines (e.g. blackberry) where it is desirable to leave the vine intact or in sensitive areas such as native vegetation where it is desirable to minimise risks to off-target species. A sharp knife is used to scrape a thin layer of bark from a 15-30cm section of stem. Herbicide is then immediately applied to the exposed sap tissue.
16
Pellet or granular soil application method This method can be used to treat isolated outlying plants that are not easy to treat using other methods. Herbicide pellets are evenly applied to the soil under the target weed from the stem out to 30cm beyond the canopy drip line. Pellets should not be thrown at the base of the tree trunk – this will waste material and could result in poor control. The herbicide acts by moving into the root zone of the weed following rain and from there it is absorbed by the roots.
Recommended herbicides for declared plants of South Australia
When using herbicides it is important to consider a few key factors that will increase effectiveness and reduce risks to users and non target plants. These factors are: • Apply herbicide only when plants are actively growing, • Do not apply herbicides when the plant is under stress, e.g. extreme heat or cold, drought, water-logging or disease, • Do not spray when wet or windy weather is anticipated, • Use herbicides only in situations specified on the label. IMPORTANT: the herbicide recommendations provided in this book should be considered a guide only and users of agricultural chemical products must always READ THE LABEL before using a product and strictly comply with the directions on the label and/or conditions of any permit.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
17
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
18
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
July-Sept
When actively growing.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Biosecurity SA
African boxthorn (Lycium ferocissimum) WoNS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:5
None
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant or penetrant
Spot spray
July-Sept
Repeat application will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr (600g/L)
Roundup® + Garlon®
M, I
333ml + 33ml/1L
Penetrant
Cut stump
Registered
Spot spray/ cut stump
July-Sept Prior to berry set and leaf fall.
After good rains. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 and PER 10117
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
1L + 10g/100L
Surfactant or penetrant
glyphosate (540g/kg)
Credit®
I
470-670ml/100L
Wetter (e.g. Bonus®)
Spot spray
July-Sept
Repeat application will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on large mature bushes.
Registered
picloram (20g/kg)
Tordon® Granules
I
35 to 45g/m2
None
Granular application
Suitable for isolated outlying plants only. Do not apply if boxthorns are near native vegetation or desirable plants.
Registered
tebuthiuron (200g/kg)
Graslan®
C
2g per square meter
None
Granular application
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Basal bark or cut stump
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Basal bark or cut stump
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
None
Spot spray
July-Sept
Plants up to 2m.
Registered (Tas only)
PER 10518 (exp.2018)
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
African feathergrass (Pennisetum macrourum)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
J,M
3L/ha
300ml/100L
500ml/10L
3L + 300-500ml/ ha
300ml + 260ml/100L
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
Spot spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
19
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
20
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
500ml + 260ml/10L
Surfactant
Wiper
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
4.8L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
Registered (Tas and WA only)
African lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
Tussock™
J
J
1.5-3L/ha
9L/ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Boom spray
HERBICIDE
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
HERBICIDE GROUP
J
J
J,M
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
150-300ml/100L
500ml/10L
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
APPLICATION METHODS
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Jan-Mar
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Jan-Mar
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Jan-Mar
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
4.8L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Jan-Mar
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1.3L/100L
Surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
Jan-Mar
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
800ml/100L
Surfactant or penetrant
Jan-Mar
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Spot spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
21
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
22
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L
Surfactant
Wiper
Jan-Mar
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Manual Removal
Grub individual plants
Jan-Mar
M
Undiluted
Cut stump
When actively growing
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
African rue (Peganum harmala)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
When actively growing before flower
Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)
Cut - usually no herbicide required
Cut
Anytime
Cut as close to the ground or below the lowest branch. Regrowth usually does not occur.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted
None
Drill and fill
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Registered
Alkali sida (Malvella leprosa)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
3.5L/ha
None
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Prior to flowering.
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
150ml/100L water
None
Spot spray
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Prior to flowering.
Registered
Registered
Registered
Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) AW
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup® Biactive
M
10ml/1L
None
Spot Spray
Summerwinter
Seek advice from an NRM Authority. Suitable for use in waterways. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster ® Duo
M
10ml/1L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Summerwinter
Do not apply surfactant if using near water. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
23
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
Manual removal
24
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Hand pull or dig out with machinery – seek advice from an NRM Authority.
Registered (NSW, Qld only)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Summerwinter
Apply in terrestrial situations only. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Report
Report occurrences to the regional NRM Authority.
Athel pine (Tamarix aphylla) WoNS
fluroxypyr (333g/L).
Starane®Advanced
I
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Springautumn
Young plants less than 50cm tall.
PER 9936 (exp.2015)(NT)
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Basal bark/spot spray
Anytime
Young plants 0.5-2m tall.
Permitted
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Cut stump
Anytime
Medium to large trees. Ensure cut branches are removed from the river bed and placed up on higher ground where they will not reshoot.
Permitted
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Basal bark/spot spray
Anytime
Young plants from 0.5-2m tall.
PER 9937 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Cut stump/basal bark/spot spray
When actively growing
Medium to large trees.
PER 9936 (exp2015)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
When actively growing
Juvenile athel pine from 0.5-2m tall.
PER 9936 (exp2015)
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Azarola (Crataegus sinaica)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted
None
Cut Stump
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 3g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup® Powermax
M
660-870ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Apply from flowering to leaf fall
Use higher rates for plants larger than 2m. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Cut stump/ basal bark
Anytime
Medium to large trees.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
25
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
26
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping – refer to label
Registered
Bathurst burr (Xanthium spinosum)
Refer to label
Boom spray
Before flower and burr formation
Refer to label
Boom spray
Before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-agricultural areas. When plants are young.
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
Rate depends on crop type and crop stage – refer to label
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
560ml-1.7L/ha
Surfactant
Spot spray
Before flower and burr formation
Surfactant
Boom spray
Before flower and burr formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.
Registered
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
17-22ml/10L Kevan says too low should 500ml/100L
glyphosate (450g/L)
Roundup®
M
1.5-2.5L/ha
glyphosate (450g/L)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Before flower and burr formation
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
1L + 7g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Before flower and burr formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Spot spray
Before flower and burr formation
Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate-trimecium (480g/L)
Touchdown®
M
700ml/100L
Surfactant
HERBICIDE
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Banvil®M
I
2.8-4L/ha
None
Boom spray
Before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Spray seedlings, use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
Banvil®M
I
190-270ml/100L
None
Spot spray
Before flower and burr formation
MCPA (750g/L)
Agritone®750
I
1.35L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Effective on young seedlings only.
Registered
Spot spray
Before flower and burr formation
Seedlings or before early flowering. Use higher rate when plants are beyond early flowering or add glyphosate.
Registered (NSW only)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
5 or 7.5g/100L
Surfactant
Bellyache bush (Jatropha gossypiifolia) WoNS
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA, and seek advice.
Report fluroxypyr (333g/L)
Starane®Advanced
I
300ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and pastures. Thoroughly cover both foliage and stems to the point of runoff.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, rights of way, forests and pastures.
Registered (Qld only)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
27
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
28
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Bifora (Bifora testiculata)
carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/ kg) + MCPA (750g/L)
Affinity Force® + Agritone®750
G,I
100ml + 330ml/ ha
None
Boom spray
In cereal crops – refer to label.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Glean®
B
25g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye only. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
imazethapyr (700g/L)
Spinnaker 700WG®
B
70-100g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Pre-emergence in faba beans, field peas.
Registered
Leaf rust fungus (Phragmidium violaceum) Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
Nov-Apr
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required.
Registered
Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus sp. agg.) WoNS
Biological control agents
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1-1.3L/100L
None
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted
None
Cut and paint the canes – paint brush applicator
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
250ml-1L/1L
None
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
Suitable for outliers, small infestations or sensitive areas.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Nov-Apr
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (835g/kg) + metsulfuron-methy (10g/ kg)
Trounch Brush-Pack®
M,B
173g/100L
None
Spot spray
Nov-Apr
Apply from flowering until prior to leaf yellowing. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L/1L
None
Cut stump
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/100L
Surfactant (mineral crop oil)
Spot spray
Nov-Apr
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Mowing/Slashing
Mowing/Slashing
Slashing will not kill Blackberry but will improve the results of follow up herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1m high before undertaking follow up spraying.
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
10L/ha
Surfactant or penetrant
Boom spray
Nov-Apr
Doesn’t damage clover
Registered
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
350-500ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Nov-Apr
Use higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to kill plants.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L) + Aminopyralid (8g/L)
Grazon Extra®
I
350-500ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Nov-Apr
Use higher rates on plants damaged by grazing stock or insects or on hard to kill plants.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Cut stump
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Nov-Apr
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
29
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
30
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Spot spray
Aug Prior to flowering
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Agricultural non crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, pastures and rights of way.
Registered
Boom spray
Sept-Feb (or anytime of year when actively growing) prior to flowering
Registered
Spot spray
Sept-Feb (or anytime of year when actively growing) prior to flowering
Registered
Bladder campion (Silene vulgaris)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
dicamba (500g/L)
dicamba (500g/L)
Tordon®75-D
Dicamba 500
Dicamba 500
I
I
I
650ml/100L
1.2L/ha
18ml/15L
Surfactant
None
None
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Boneseed leaf buckle mite (Aceria sp.) Release in autumn onto healthy and growing shoot tips. Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera) WoNS
Biological control agents
Burn
Dense large infestations – burn area and treat seedlings (seek advice).
Anytime
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:5
None
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Aug-Sept
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
Aug-Sept
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L/1L
None
Cut stump
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Manual Removal
Pull out by hand; ensure that the root system is removed.
Spot spray
Aug-Sept
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Cut stump
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/100L
Penetrant or a mineral oil
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
31
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
32
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Bridal creeper (Asparagus asparagoides) WoNS
Biological control agents
Bridal creeper rust fungus (Puccinia myrsiphylli) Suppression only. The bridal creeper leafhopper (Zygina sp.) Suppression only. The bridal creeper leaf beetle (Crioceris sp.) Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Penetrant or surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
June-Aug
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
PER 13371 (exp.2017) PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 3g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
June-Aug
Controls bulb and vegetative growth. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L:3L
Surfactant
Wiper sponge or brush
June-Aug
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Manual removal. Ensure that tubers are removed totally
June-Aug
Suitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practicle.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
1.5g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
June-Aug
Not suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
5g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
June-Aug
Not suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Bridal veil (Asparagus declinatus) WoNS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Penetrant or surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
June-Aug
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 3g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
June-Aug
Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L:3L
Surfactant
Wiper sponge or brush
June-Aug
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Manual removal. Ensure that tubers are removed totally.
June-Aug
Suitable for small plants and outliers only. Can result in a high level of soil disturbance therefore reduce soil disturbance as much as practical.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
1.5g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
June-Aug
Not suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
5g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
June-Aug
Not suitable for native vegetation and under desirable trees. Follow up application over at least 2 years will be required.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
33
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
34
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Broad-kernel espartillo (Amelichloa caudata) AW
Report
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
J
1.5-3L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
J
100-300ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher glyphosate rate during late seed development or if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate during if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J,M
J,M
500ml/10L
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Wiper
Boom spray
Spot spray
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Manual removal
Grub individual plants
Inform your local NRM office. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Broomrapes (Orobanche spp. – O.ramosa, O. cerbua var cernua, O. aegyptiaca, O. minor) AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
paraquat (135g/L) + diquat (115g/L)
Spray.Seed 250®
L
Rate is host dependant, consult label
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
Rate is host dependant, consult label
None
Boom/spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Control host plants.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
Rate is host dependant, consult label
Surfactant
Boom/spot spray
Control host plants.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
Rate is host dependant, consult label
Surfactant
Boom spray
Control host plants prior to the growing season.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
Rate is host dependant, consult label
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non crop areas. Control host plants.
Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup® Powermax
M
Rate is host dependant, consult label
Surfactant
Spot spray
Control host plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
Rate is host dependant, consult label
Surfactant
Boom/spot spray
Control host plants. Post emergent. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Surfactant
Boom/spot spray
Control host plants.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
35
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
36
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Dec-March After summer rains
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
3L/ha
300ml/100L
500ml/10L
3L + 300-500ml/ ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
HERBICIDE
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
Tussock® + Roundup®
Tussock® + Roundup®
Roundup®
Roundup®
HERBICIDE GROUP
J,M
J,M
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
300ml + 260ml/100L
500ml + 260ml/10L
M
4.8L/ha
M
800ml/100L water
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
APPLICATION METHODS
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Registered
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
Canola oil
Sponge application (tongs of death)
Sept-Late Nov
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Bulbil watsonia (Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
15ml/1L
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
37
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
38
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1L/3L
None
Sponge application (tongs of death)
Sept-Late Nov
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Repeat applications will be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/3L
None
Sponge application (tongs of death)
Sept-Late Nov
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted
None
Sponge application (tongs of death)
Sept-Late Nov
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-Late Nov
Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-Late Nov
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-Late Nov
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Cacti (Prickly pear/ Wheel cactus and other Opuntia spp. – except O. ficus-indica) WoNS
Biological control agents
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) Opuntia engelmannii, Cylindropuntia imbricata – effective control Opuntia robusta – suppression only. Cactoblastis grub (Cactoblastis cactorum) Opuntia stricta – suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted. 1ml every 4th Pad
None
Stem inject
When actively growing
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Suitable for species such as Wheel Cactus and O. Engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.
Registered
Manual Removal
Deep burial under 1m of topsoil
When actively growing
All fragments must be removed, collected and buried. Any fragments that are left or spilt during transport to the burial site will regrow.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
MSMA (800g/L)
Daconate®
Z
1L/40L Water
Surfactant
Spot spray
When actively growing
Thoroughly cover all pad surfaces. Apply in summer using a power sprayer when air temp is above 30ºC.
Registered
MSMA (800g/L)
Daconate®
Z
Undiluted. 2 and 4ml every 4th Pad
None
Stem inject
When actively growing
Non-arable and pastoral areas. Wheel cactus. Suitable for species such as Wheel Cactus and O. Engelmannii which are easier to inject than other species.
PER 9362 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Basal bark
When actively growing
Registered
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L) + Aminopyralid (8g/L)
Grazon Extra®
I
500ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
When actively growing
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
800ml/60L diesel
None
Basal bark
When actively growing
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
Undiluted
None
Drill and fill
When actively growing
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
3L/100L
Surfactant (Spray oil 1%)
Spot spray
When actively growing
Registered
Calomba daisy (Oncosiphon suffruticosum)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
360ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Apply prior to flowering
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Pasture topping. Seed set reduction only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml-1.2/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Apply prior to flowering
Non selective. Prior to sowing a crop or pasture. Use higher rates for larger plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Apply prior to flowering
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
39
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
40
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Registered
M,B
800-1000ml + 5-7g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Sept
Fallow/pre crop knockdown. Wheat, barley, triticale and cereal rye. Apply when plants are small. Use higher rates for larger or dense weeds. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Ally®
B
5g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Sept-Oct
Post crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, triticle and cereal rye. Apply when plants are small. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Ally®
B
5g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg) metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Caltrop (Tribulus terrestris)
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
Check label
Refer to label
Boom spray
Oct-Feb
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. After summer rains. Pastures and non cropping areas. Spray young plants.
Competition
Caltrop does not like competition from other plants. Maintenance of good ground cover will help to significantly reduce the germination of Caltrop.
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
25g/ha at 200L water/ha
Boom spray
Sept-April Before seed set
Pre-emergence. Pastures.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
25g/100L
Spot spray
Sept-April Before seed set
Rosette stage prior to running.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1.6-2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Sept-April Before seed set
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-April Before seed set
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
400-600ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-April Before seed set
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Cane needlegrass (Nassella hyalina) AW
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA.
Report
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
J
1.5-3L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
J
100-300ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
J
500ml/10L
Surfactant
Wiper
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate during if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
41
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
42
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Manual removal
Grub individual plants
Inform your local NRM office. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Spot Spray - Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
Sept-Dec Prior to pod formation
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Cape broom (Genista monspessulana)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1-1.3L/100L
None if using within or near waterways. Penetrant if using away from waterways
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:5
None
Cut stump - note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
Anytime
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
200ml + 10g /100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec Prior to pod formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
250ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec Prior to pod formation
Use higher rate of 350ml/100L if spraying in autumn or winter.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Cut stump
Any time
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec Prior to pod formation
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
Cape tulip (one and two leafed) (Moraea flaccida and Moraea miniata)
2,4-D (475g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Surpass®475 + Ally®
I,B
1.65L + 5g/ha
None
Wiper
July-Sept
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Conquest chlorsulfuron 750 WG®
B
20g/ha
Boom/ spot spray
July-Sept
Dense infestations.
Registered (WA only)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1:5
Penetrant
Foliar wipe
July-Sept
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
800ml + 5g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
July-Sept
Fallow or prior to crop planting. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
800ml + 5g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
July-Sept
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
800ml + 1g/100L
Penetrant
Wiper
July-Sept
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
43
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
glyphosate (540g/L)
Manual Removal
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
Roundup® Powermax
Ally®
HERBICIDE GROUP
M
B
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
1L/100L
5g/ha
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Registered (under general weeds)
Spot spray
July-Sept
Spray at flower bayonet emergence. Follow up treatments as required at or before flowing. Most effective just prior to flowering (july august). Seed set suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Grub or hand pull individual plants and ensure that bulbs are removed. Isolated plants only.
July-Sept
Plant will not re-grow if cut off at the base.
Surfactant
Boom spray and Spot Spray
July-Sept
In pastures tolerant to Metsulfuron-methyle (no good in clover based pastures). Do not spray under susceptible trees. Spray early in the season to kill young plants. Add glyphosate if spraying late in the season to suppress seed set. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Cat’s claw creeper (Dolichandra unguis-cati) WoNS
Manual removal
44
Not a weed in SA, but gardeners may find it necessary to remove an unwanted plant. Cut stems and dispose; dig out the large tubers at the base of plant.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Chilean needlegrass (Nassella neesiana) WoNS
fluazifop-p (128g/kg)
Fusilade Forte®
A
1.7-3.3L/ha
Surfactant (Supercharge™ 1% (1L/100L))
Boom spray
Legume pastures and Lucerne only. No not cut or graze for at least 6 weeks. Seed set suppression only.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
Tussock™
J
1.5-3L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J,M
100-300ml/100L
500ml/10L
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
45
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
46
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Will give varied results – Suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Manual Removal
Grub individual plants
Outliers only.
Common lantana (Lantana camara) WoNS
Manual removal
Not a weed in SA, but gardeners may find it necessary to remove unwanted plants. Cut, grub out and dispose; machinery may be needed to remove large plants.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
July-Oct
Apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 L/Ha. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
July-Oct
Apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 L/Ha. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
July-Oct
Once per season. A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
July-Oct
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
July-Oct
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Coolatai grass (Hyparrhenia hirta)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
J,M
3L/ha
300ml/100L
500ml/10L
3L + 300-500ml/ ha
200ml + 1.6L/100L
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
Spot spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
47
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
48
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
500ml + 260ml/10L
Surfactant
Wiper
July-Oct
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
4.8L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Sept-May
Apply herbicide solution to the point of run-off from leaf surfaces – 1000-2000 L/Ha. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1.6L/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-May
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Sept-May
2-3 repeat treatments will be necessary. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 3g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Manual Removal
Pull out individual plants
Manual Removal
None
Spot spray
Soil Residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation. Do not apply near susceptible crops.
Registered
Boom spray
Pastures and fallow. Post emergent.
Registered
Creeping knapweed (Rhaponticum repens)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
1.3L/100L
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
4L/ha
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
500ml/100L
Spot spray
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
8.8L/ha
Surfactant
Boom Spray
Dec-Jan
Non-crop situations.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
600ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Dec-Jan
Registered
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Repeat application as required. Suppression only.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Cutleaf mignonette (Reseda lutea)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
650ml/100L
None
Spot spray
Prior to flowering
Soil residue do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops.
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Surpass®475 + Roundup®
I, M
145ml + 1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
July-Sept
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Surpass®475 + Ally®
I
145ml + 7g/100L
None
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
1.7L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. On young plants only. Avoid using 2,4-D on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
115ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
On young plants only. Avoid using 2,4-D on adult plants due to herbicide resistance.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
800ml + 5-7g/100L
None
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster® Duo
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Manual removal
Manual Removal
Suitable for individual plants and small infestations
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
2.1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label.
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
140ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
7g/ha
Surfactant
Boom Spray
Spray actively growing plant up to flowering. Repeat treatment may be required. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
49
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg) metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
50
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Ally®
B
7g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Spray actively growing plant up to flowering. Repeat treatment may be required. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if spray drift is likely.
Registered
Ally® + MCPA 500®
B, I
7g + 2.1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Dodder (Cuscuta spp.) AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority and obtain advice.
Burn to kill the host plant and destroy the seed bank.
Burn to kill the host and destroy the seed bank.
Cultivate to kill host plants such as broad leaf weeds.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1:100L
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. To kill the host plant.
Registered (host dependant)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-Off®
M,B
800ml + 3-5g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
To kill the host plants, fallow pre-crop, non agricultural areas. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (host dependant)
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Basal Bark or cut stump
Registered
Oct-Jan
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Dog rose (Rosa canina)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1.5-2L/100L
None
Spot Spray - Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:4
None
Cut stump
Apply to cut stump immediately.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800-1Lml + 10g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup® Powermax
M
1-1.35L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Use higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Manual removal
Grub individual plants.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
15g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
350ml/100L
Penetreant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
For plants up to 1.5m tall.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1:30 diesel
None
Cut stump
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
51
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
52
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
English/Scotch broom (Cytisus scoparius) WoNS
Biological control agents
Broom gall mite (Aceria genistae) Suppression only. Broom seed beetle (Bruchidius villosus) Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1-1.3L/100L
None
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
Sept-Dec prior to pod formation
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted – 1L/1L
None
Cut stump - note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec prior to pod formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec prior to pod formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
15g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec prior to pod formation
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
250-350ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec prior to pod formation
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Cut stump
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-Dec prior to pod formation
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spictum) AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA to confirm identification and obtain advice. This species is not yet known to occur in Australia but many native water milfoils look very similar.
False caper (Euphorbia terracina)
Establish competative pastures.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
Mechanical
Blade plough or disk.
Zoliar®DF
norflurazon (800g/kg)
F
2.5-5kg/ha
Boom spray
Pre emergence, selective residual herbicide. Citrus, vines, nuts, pome and stone fruit crops only. Rate is Crop specific, refer to label.
Registered (This is the only registered product for false caper)
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
53
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
54
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
1.3L/100L
No
Spot spray
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Apply during budding.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
1.1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non agricultural areas.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
1.1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment –- use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non agricultural areas.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L:100L
Spot spray
Dec-Feb Just on flowing
After good summer rains, follow up, treatment required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
Banvil®M
I
5.2L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-crop
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
Banvil®M
I
350ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-crop
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
2L/ha
None (in crop). Surfactant (for knockdown)
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
1L/500L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Field garlic (Allium vineale)
dicamba (500g/L)
Dicamba 500®
I
8.8L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non-crop.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Dicamba 500®
I
600ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non-crop.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
Brush-Off®
B
7g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Fireweed (Senecio madagascariensis) WoNS
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Fireweed is not yet known in SA but occurs in the eastern States.
bromoxynil (200g/L) + diflufenican(25g/L) + liquid hydrocarbon (416g/L) + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/L)
Jaguar®
C,F
500ml
Boom spray
Up to the four leaf stage.
Pastures – clover and/or Lucerne based, including cover crops in vineyards.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L) + Aminopyralid (8g/L)
Grazon Extra®
I
350ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
When flowering
Non-crop areas, commercial and industrial areas, forests, pastures and rights of way.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
55
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
56
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
800ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
PER 11463 (QLD) Registered under general weeds
Gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) WoNS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Gorse (Ulex europaeus) WoNS
Biological control agents
Gorse seed weevil (Exapion ulicis) Suppression only. Gorse thrips (Sericothrips staphylinus) Suppression only. Gorse spider mites (Tetranychus lintearius) Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
Burning
Fire
Fire can be useful in reducing dense thickets of Gorse to allow follow-up spraying of regrowth. Seek advice.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1L/100L
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
Dec-Apr
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:4
None
Cut stump – note 1:1 provides the best viscosity for sponge application
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Neat to 1:1
None
Drill and fill
Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Feb
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
Dec-Apr
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L/1L
None
Cut stump
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Mowing /Slashing
Slashing
Slashing will not kill Gorse however may improve the results of follow up herbicide treatment. Regrowth needs to be approximately 0.5-1m high before undertaking follow up spraying.
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
250ml/100L
surfactant
Spot spray
Sept-Feb
Use higher rate of 350ml/100L if plants are taller than 1.5 metres or if treating in autumn. If treating in winter use rate of 500ml/100L.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Cut stump
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170-350ml /100L
Surfactant or penetrant
Spot spray
Dec-Apr
Use higher rates for older larger plants.
Registered
I
1.3L/100L
None
Spot spray
June-Aug
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. May require repeat applications.
Registered
Hoary cress (Cardaria draba)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
57
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
58
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Surpass®475 + Roundup®
I, M
1.8L + 1.2L/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to sowing a crop. Treat from late rosette to early flowering.
Registered
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Surpass®475 + Roundup®
I, M
120ml + 800ml/100L
None
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Spray at Rosette stage. Silver leaf night shade and other deep rooted perennials, cut leaf, hoary cress if spraying with glysophate
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
Check label
None
Boom spray
June-Aug
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cereal crops.
Registered
Boom spray
June-Aug Spray rosettes prior to flowering
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
2.9L/ha (check label)
None
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
600ml/100L (check label)
None
Spot spray
June-Aug Spray rosettes prior to flowering
Caltivation and pasture management - increase conpetition
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Glean®
B
20g/ha
Surfactant
Apply when plants are fully emerged
June-Aug
Post crop and weed emergence. Suppression in crops. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L) + 2,4-D (625g/L)
Kamba 500® + 2,4-D amine 625®
I
280ml + 800ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
June-Aug
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1.2L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
June-Aug
Apply from late July to September when plants are in rosette to flowering stage. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
June-Sept Rosette to flowering
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
Sept-Nov
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Use on mature plants. Make sure plants are thoroughly wet.
Registered
Aug-Sept
Hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
Aug-Sept
Hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
Aug-Sept
Hormone type herbicide – use with extreme caution near sensitive crops refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping. Seedlings or suppression only. Use higher rates on larger plants and lower rates on seedlings. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
Horehound plume moth (Pterophorus spilodactylus) Suppression only. Clear wing moth (Chamaesphecia mysiniformis) Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
Horehound (Marrubium vulgare)
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine (625g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
2,4-D Ester (600g/kg)
2,4-D Ester (600g/kg)
2,4-D Ester (600g/kg)
Biological control agents
2,4-D amine 625
2,4-D amine 625 + Ally®
2,4-D Ester 600®
2,4-D Ester 600®
2,4-D Ester 600®
I
I,B
I
I
I
1.4L/ha
500mls + 5g/100L
900ml/ha
1.3-3.7L/ha
130-370ml/100L
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot Spray
Boom spray
Boom spray
Spot spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
59
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
60
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
1.2L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non crop. Treat seedlings or fresh growth of adult plants. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
80ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2-3L/ha
Penetrant
Boom spray
Seedlings and young plants only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate.
Registered
1L /100L
Penetrant or a double wetter
Young plants only. Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Slashing or burning old growth to promote fresh growth prior to spraying may increase kill rate. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
glyphosate (540g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Roundup® Powermax + Ally®
M
M,B
500ml + 5g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Spot spray
Manual Removal
Manual Removal
Grub individual plants, ensuring the complete removal of the root system from the soil. Plough infested area, ensuring plants are turned over with roots completely removed from the soil. Follow up control on any new growth.
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
2.1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Seedlings only.
Registered
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and obtain advice.
Horsetail (Equisetum spp.) AW
Report Manual removal
Grub individual plants
Report to NRM authorities first. Grub and follow up with inspections after 6 and 12 months; horsetail has rhizomes that may be 2 metres deep.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Boom spray
Dec-Jan
Grass selective. If growing amongst broadleaf crops or pastures.
Registered
Spot spray
Dec-Jan
Citrus crops – refer to label. Grass selective. If growing amoungst broadleaf crops or pastures.
Registered
Innocent weed (Cenchrus incertus and C. longispinus)
fluazifop-p (212g/kg)
Fusilade WG®
A
1.24L/ha
fluazifop-p (212g/kg)
Fusilade WG®
A
2.4L/ha
glufosinate-ammonium (200g/L)
Basta®
N
500ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Dec-Jan
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml-1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Dec-Jan
Non selective avoid contact with desirable plants. Use higher rates on larger plants. Follow up treatment will be required.
Registered
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Dec-Jan
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Grazing
Dec-Jan
Stop seed set.
Manual Removal
Grub individual plants
Dispose securely to avoid dropping burrs. Follow up in the next season or after summer rains.
D
1.2L ha (light and medium soils) 1.7L/ha (heavy soils)
Boom spray
Dec-Jan
Crops. Pre emergent herbicide. Spray before seed set. Spray from 6 weeks to just before sowing takes place.
Registered
trifuralin (480g/kg)
trifuralin 480®
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61
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
62
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
650ml/100L
Spot spray
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways.
Registered
Khaki weed (Alternanthera pungens)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
320-560ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Fallow.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
600ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non-crop. Spray at rosette stage.
Registered (WA only)
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
9ml/15L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non-crop. Spray at rosette stage.
Registered (WA only) Registered (under general weeds)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/1L
Cut stump
Providing the burrs are not mature. Cut plants off at the crown of the roots and apply immediately to the fresh cut on the roots. Zero weed wand or pain brush application is useful.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Spot spray
Won’t kill the root system, ongoing treatment required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
Manual removal
Grub individual plants
Ensure the complete removal of the tuber & root system. Dig beside the root 100mm down or more. Destroy any burrs found.
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
Dredge plants out of water and dispose by composting
Seek advice from the regional NRM Authority first. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Lagarosiphon (Lagarosiphon major) AW
Report Manual removal
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
Leafy elodea (Egeria densa) AW
Report Manual removal
Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Lincoln weed (Diplotaxis tenuifolia)
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Surpass®475 + Roundup®
I, M
145ml + 1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
July-Sept
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Surpass®475 + Ally®
I
145ml + 7g/100L
None
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
1.7L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
115ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
63
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
64
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Glean®
B
15-20g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Use lower rate for pre emergent treatment and higher rates post crop and weed emergence. Wheat, barley, oats, triticale and cereal rye. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Glean®
B
20g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
800ml + 5-7g/100L
None
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500
I
700ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Apply at rosette stage. Pre harvest knock down.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
7g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
In crop – cereals only. Spray seedlings. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
7g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
In crop – cereals only. Spray seedlings. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Ally® + MCPA 500®
B, I
7g + 2.1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non crop areas. For rates within crops refer to label. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if spray drift is likely.
Madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) WoNS
Manual removal
Cut stems and grub out the tubers at their base.
Grub individual plants and monitor regrowth.
picloram (43g/kg) gel
Vigilant Herbicide Gel®
I
3-5cm thick layer of gel
None
Cut stump
Anytime
Cut stump and apply gel immediately.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
May or hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted
None
Cut stump
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800L + 10g/100L
Penetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Cut stump/ basal bark
Anytime
Medium to large trees.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L Diesel
None
Cut stump
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
Mesquite (Prosopis spp.) WoNS AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and obtain advice.
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Basal bark
Anytime
Suitable for shrubs and small trees. For smaller plants and shrubs spray the trunk from the ground up to 30cm. For large trees spray from the ground up to 100cm.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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66
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Cut stump
Anytime
Suitable for large trees. Apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon Extra®
I
350ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Spring -summer
Do not spray plants bearing pods.
Registered
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and obtain advice.
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Mexican feathergrass (Nassella tenuissima) AW
Report
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
1.5-3L/ha
100-300ml/100L
500ml/10L
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Will give varied results – Suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority and obtain advice.
Muskweed (Myagrum perfoliatum)
Seek advice
Noogoora burr complex (Xanthium strumarium sp. agg.)
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
glyphosate (450g/L)
glyphosate (450g/L)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
2,4-D amine 625
2,4-D amine 625
2,4-D amine 625
Roundup Biactive®
Roundup®
Roundup®
HERBICIDE GROUP
I
I
I
M
M
M
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated) Rate depends on crop type and crop stage – refer to label
560ml-1.7L/ha
17-22ml/10L
1L/100L
1.5-2.5L/ha
1L/100L
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
Refer to label
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
APPLICATION METHODS
68
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cropping – refer to label
Registered
Boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-agricultural areas.
Registered
Spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only.
Registered
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or prior to planting a crop or pasture.
Registered
Spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
HERBICIDE
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
glyphosate-trimecium (480g/L)
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
MCPA (750g/L)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
Roundup® + Ally®
Touchdown®
Banvil®M
Banvil®M
Agritone®750
Brush-Off®
HERBICIDE GROUP
M,B
M
I
I
I
B
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
1L + 7g/100L
700ml/100L
2.8-4L/ha
190-270ml/100L
1.35L/ha
5 or 7.5g/100L
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
Surfactant
Surfactant
None
None
Surfactant
Surfactant
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
Spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Can be used within orchards, vineyards and established trees provided a directed or shielded spray or wiper is used. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Use higher rates on larger plants or plants in late flower.
Registered
Spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures. Use higher rate on late flowering or larger plants.
Registered
Boom spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray young seedlings only.
Registered
Spot spray
When actively growing and before flower and burr formation
Seedlings or before early flowering. Use higher rate when plants are beyond early flowering or add glyphosate. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (NSW only)
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
70
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Nutgrass or sedge nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
10ml/1L
None
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1/100
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
methyl bromide (1000g/kg) fumigant
Methyl Bromide 1000® Fumigant
8A
100g/square meter
None
Fumigant
Dangerous gas, use with caution.
Registered
MSMA (800g/L)
Daconate®
Z
12L/ha (in 500L of water)
None
Boom spray
Non-crop. Repeat application will be required.
Registered
MSMA (800g/L)
Daconate®
Z
1L/100L
None
Spot spray
Repeat application will be required.
Registered
Olive (Olea europaea) – excluding cultivated trees
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Neat
None
Cut stump
Effective on smaller plants only.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:1
None
Drill and fill
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg) + triclopyr (600g/L)
Roundup® + Garlon®
M, I
333ml + 33ml/1L
Penetrant
Cut stump
Registered
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Penetrant + Surfactant (spray oil)
Spot spray
Follow up control may be required. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L:1L
None
Cut Stump/ drill and fill
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
15g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Basal bark
Plants up to 5cm basal diameter.
Registered PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Cut stump
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
Undiluted
None
Drill and fill
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Spot spray
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
Parkinsonia (Parkinsonia aculeata) WoNS AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and obtain advice. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Basal bark
Anytime
Suitable for shrubs and small trees. For smaller plants and shrubs spray the trunk from the ground up to 30cm. For large trees spray from the ground up to 100cm.
Registered
triclopyr (240g/L) + picloram (120g/L)
Access®
I
1L/60L diesel
None
Cut stump
Anytime
Suitable for large trees. Apply herbicide immediately after cutting the stump.
Registered
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon Extra®
I
350ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Spring -summer
Do not spray plants bearing pods.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
72 LEGAL STATUS
Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) AW
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA.
Report dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
40ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Rosette stage
Registered
Manual removal
Grub individual plants
Inform your regional NRM office. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/kg)
Ally®
B
5g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (NSW only)
Perennial ragweed (Ambrosia spp.)
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
8.8L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non-crop.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
600ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non-crop.
Registered
Manual Removal
Grub individual plants
Obtain advice from your regional NRM authority.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Apply during budding stage.
Registered
Perennial thistle (Cirsium arvense)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
650ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
250ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation.
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Barley, oats, triticale, wheat – 4-5 leaf onwards. Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm.
Registered
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
I
50ml + 1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
I
50 or 70ml + 1-1.5L/ha
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
700ml to 1.4L/ha
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Seedlings.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
2L/ha
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Well developed plants.
Registered
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
74
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Pheasant’s eye (Adonis microcarpa)
bromoxynil (200g/L) + liquid hydrocarbon (616g/L)
Bromicide®200
C
700ml-1.4L/ha
Boom spray
Pastures, wheat, barley, cereal, rye, oats, triticale. Use higher rates for plants with more than 4 leaves.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
25g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Cropping.
Registered
Pink pampas grass (Cortaderia jubata)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.5L/100L
Surfactant or Penetrant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Manual removal
Large plants need machinery such as a bobcat to grub them out.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Plumerillo (Jarava plumosa) AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA
flupropanate (745g/L)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
1.5-3L/ha
100-300ml/100L
500ml/10L
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
75
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
76
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Will give varied results – Suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Manual removal
Grub individual plants
Inform your regional NRM office and obtain advice. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Poison buttercup (Ranunculus sceleratus)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1L/100L
None
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + Dicamba (80g/L)
Banvil®M
I
470ml/100L
surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + Dicamba (80g/L)
Banvil®M
I
470ml/15L
surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Primrose willow (Ludwigia peruviana) AW
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in SA but established in the eastern States.
Report
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Manual removal
picloram (43g/kg) gel
Roundup Biactive®
Vigilant Herbicide Gel®
M
I
1L/100L
Undiluted
None
None
When actively growing at or beyond the early bloom stage of growth but before autumn change of color
Ensure thorough coverage is achieved.
Registered (as general woody weeds)
Grub individual plants
Inform your regional NRM authority. Ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning or deep burial. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Cut stump
When actively growing at or beyond the early bloom stage of growth but before autumn change of colour
Apply a 5mm layer of gel. Ensure all parts of the plant are removed from the site and destroy by burning or deep burial.
Registered
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
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77
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
78 LEGAL STATUS
Sagittaria (arrowhead) (Sagittaria graminea) WoNS
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Registered (under general weeds)
Roundup® Biactive
M
10ml/1L
None
Spot spray
Summer
Spray at month intervals when actively growing. Apply herbicide to individual mats only – do not broadcast spray over water. Confirm ID prior to spraying. Seek advice from an NRM Officer. Undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
1-1.7L/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non-agricultural areas. Refer to label.
Registered
Boom spray
March-May (from first rains in autumn to the end of autumn)
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures. Seek advice.
Registered
Salvation Jane (Echium plantagineum)
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine (625g/L) using Spray-Graze
2,4-D amine 625
2,4-D amine 625
I
I
560ml/ha
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Biological control agents
Pollen beetle (Meligethes planiusculus) Suppression only. Leaf-mining moth (Dialectica scalariella) Suppression only. Crown weevil (Mogulones larvatus) Suppression only. Flea beetle (Longitarsus echii) Suppression only. Root weevil (Mogulones geographicus) Suppression only. Consult your regional NRM Board.
chlorsulfuron (750g/kg)
Glean®
B
15g/ha
Boom spray
Crops and pastures. Refer to label. Do not use near desirable trees and other vegetation.
Registered
Boom spray
Sept-April When actively growing and before seed set
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Prior to sowing a crop or pasture.
Registered
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Spot spray
Sept-April When actively growing and before seed set
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
800ml + 10g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Adult plants. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
700ml-4L/ha refer to label
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures – refer to label
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) using Spray-Graze
MCPA 500®
I
500ml/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
MCPA (750g/L)
Agritone®750
I
270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
10g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Early in the season. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Ally® + MCPA 500®
B, I
7g + 1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type herbicide – use with caution near sensitive crops. Do not spray if spray drift is likely.
Registered
Pasture – Sub clover based pastures with either rye grass, phalaris, cocksfoot). Use higher rates when weeds are at the 2 leaf stage. Some reduction of clover may occure. Refer to label. Cereal crops – refer to label.
Registered
terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA (160g/L)
Agtryne MA®
C,I
300-500ml/ha
Boom spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
79
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
80 LEGAL STATUS
Salvinia (Salvinia spp.) WoNS AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Salvinia is usually found only as a deliberately grown water plant in SA.
diquat (200g/L)
Registered
Manual removal
Orange oil (55.2g/kg) + surfactants (195g/kg)
Reglone®
Water Clear®
L
400ml/100L
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority. Apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for best results. Use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.
Dredge or skim plants out of the water and dispose by composting or drying
Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority. Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Registered
None
Spot spray
Spray on free floating plants. Within artificial impoundments and enclosed bodies of water. Do not use in natural water bodies or streams where it will reach natural water bodies. Do not use in dams holding water for human consumption.
Report to your local NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA and seek advice. Not known to occur in SA.
Senegal tea plant (Gymnocoronis spilanthoides) AW
Report
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Serrated tussock (Nassella trichotoma) AW
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Serrated tussock is not currently known to occur in SA.
flupropanate (745g/L)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
1.5-2L/ha
100-200ml/100L
500ml/10L
1.5-2L + 250420ml/ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
Tussock® + Roundup®
HERBICIDE GROUP
J,M
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
150-200ml + 270ml/100L
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
Surfactant
APPLICATION METHODS
Spot spray
82
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.24-3.2L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile basalt soils. Suppression only if serrated tussock plants are not actively growing with long green leaves. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
560-1000ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Use the lower rate on infertile lightly textured soils; use the higher rate on fertile basalt soils. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Manual removal
Grub individual plants.
Prior to flow seed set
Monitor site and undertake follow up control until eradication has been achieved.
Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium) WoNS
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
650ml/100L
Spot spray
Sept-Jan
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops.
Registered
fluroxypyr (333g/L)
Starane®Advanced
I
300ml/100L
Spot spray
Sept-Jan
Follow up treatment of regrowth is critical for best control.
Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup® Powermax
M
6L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Sept-Jan
Seed suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup® Powermax
M
1.35L/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Sept-Jan
Seed suppression only. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Manual Removal
Manual Removal
Excavate soil to the depth of the root system, and remove plants. Permission to excavate may be required.
Mowing/Slashing
Mowing/Slashing
Carry out slashing before berry formation. Repeat as required throughout.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Registered
Skeleton weed (Chondrilla juncea)
I
300ml + 375ml/ ha
Boom spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Suppression only
Tordon®75-D
I
650ml/100L
Spot spray
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Suppression only. Follow up spray with glyphosate.
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Surpass®475 + Roundup®
I, M
1.1L + 1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Nov-Jan
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non-selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Fallow or non crop situations.
Registered
2,4-D (475g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Surpass®475 + Roundup®
I, M
120ml + 1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Nov-Jan
Hormone type treatment - use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
bromoxynil (200g/L) + diflufenican(25g/L) + liquid hydrocarbon (416g/L) + n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (150g/L)
Jaguar®
C,F
1L/ha
Boom spray
Wheat, barley triticale, cereal rye crops and clover and/or lucern based pasture. Suppression only.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
300ml/ha
Spot spray
Nov-Jan
Cereals only – Canola. Will provide control until harvest only.
Registered Registered
(2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)) + 2,4-D amine (625g/L)
Tordon®75-D + 2,4-D amine 625
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
I
500ml + 1L/ha
Boom spray
Nov-Jan
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Cereals only – Barley, oats, triticale, wheat. Spray when rosettes are 5-15cm. Will provide control until harvest only.
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Ally®
M,B
1L + 7g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
7g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
84 LEGAL STATUS
Slender thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus)
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
50 or 70L/ha
Boom spray
Pastures Rosette stage to early flowering
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
250ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation.
Registered
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
I
50 or 70ml + 1-1.5L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards) when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. In pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates in pastures only when rosettes are larger than 30cm diameter.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
1L/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non crop areas or fallow. Spray young plants only.
Registered
Soldier thistle (Picnomon acarna)
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
300ml/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5leaf stage) and canola. Spray rosettes up to 10cm diameter (4-8 leaf).
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
250ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
I
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
200ml + 700ml/ ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Wheat, barley oats, triticale – Apply to crop at tillering stage after the crop has 5 leaves and before the crop commences jointing.
Registered
1L/100L
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
700ml-2.1L/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Grass pastures – Use low rate on seedlings and higher rates on adult plants (prior to flowering). Use 100 liters of water for best results. If clover present do not exceed 600ml/ha. Crops – refer to label.
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
I
75ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L) - Spray Graze technique
MCPA 500®
I
600ml/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures. Seek advice.
Registered
M
1.2L/ha
Boom spray
July-Sept
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Apply at flowering. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Soursob (Oxalis pes-caprae)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
July-Sept Appy at flowering
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
5 or 10g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
May-July Before flowering
Use higher rates for dense stands. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
5g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
May-July Before flowering
Use higher rates for dense stands. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Not for home garden use.
Registered
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85
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
86
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
I
250ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation.
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards)-refer to label. Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. Pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
Registered
Registered
Spear thistle (Cirsium vulgare)
clopyralid (300g/L)
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
dicamba (500g/L)
dicamba (500g/L)
Lontrel®
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
Kamba 500®
Kamba 500®
I
50-70ml + 1-1.5L/ha
I
280-560ml/ha for seedlings. 560ml-1.1L/ha for young mature plants
Surfactant
Boom spray
Grass pastures, perennial grass seed crops, direct drilling, conservation tillage, no till fallow, minimum tillage and between cropping applications. Use 110-280L of mixture/ha. Apply when thistles have at least 3-5 true leaves. Do not treat thistles beyond the rosette stage. Use higher rates on larger plants.
I
40ml/100L for seedlings. 76ml/100L for young mature plants
Surfactant
Spot spray
Surfactant
Boom spray
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1.6-2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
600ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
MCPA (340g/L) + dicamba (80g/L)
Kamba M®
I
190-270ml/100L
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use higher rates on larger plants
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Apply at Rosette stage. Do not exceed 1.5L/ha within sub clover seed crops. Use higher rates on larger plants. Refer to label.
Registered
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500
I
700ml-2L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Oct-Jan
Suitable for use near waterways - refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Sweet briar (Rosa rubiginosa)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1.5-2L/100L
None
Spot Spray - Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
Undiluted to 1:4
None
Cut stump
Oct-Jan
Apply to cut stump immediately.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (450g/L) + metsulfuron-methyl (600g/L)
Roundup® + Brush-off®
M,B
800ml-1L + 10g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
glyphosate (540g/L)
Roundup® Powermax
M
1-1.35L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Use higher rates for plants larger than 1.5m. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Manual removal
Oct-Jan
Grub individual plants.
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
15g/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
triclopyr (300g/L) + picloram (100g/L)
Grazon DS®
I
350ml/100L
Penetreant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
For plants up to 1.5m tall.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Basal Bark or cut stump
Oct-Jan
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
1L/30L diesel
None
Cut stump
Oct-Jan
Diesel can be replaced with water for ease of application. Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
Registered
triclopyr (600g/L)
Garlon®
I
170ml/100L
Penetrant
Spot spray
Oct-Jan
Nature reserve and other native vegetation, roadsides, urban open space and forests.
PER 12932 (exp.2016)
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87
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
88 LEGAL STATUS
Texas needlegrass (Nassella leucotricha)
Report
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA
flupropanate (745g/L)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
A slow working residual. Apply early in the season. If spraying late in the season add glyphosate for a faster kill. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Use higher rate if the weed is dense. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L)
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock™
Tussock® + Roundup®
J
J
J
J,M
1.5-3L/ha
100-300ml/100L
500ml/10L
1.5-3L + 300500ml/ha
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Surfactant
Boom spray
Spot spray
Wiper
Boom spray
flupropanate (745g/L) + glyphosate (450g/kg)
Tussock® + Roundup®
J,M
150-300ml + 270ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Apply glyphosate alone for seed set suppression; or for control mix flupropanate with glyphosate. Apply to fresh foliage. Slashing to promote fresh growth 2-3 weeks prior to spraying will increase effectiveness. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Residues in the soil may suppress weeds and other susceptible species for one to two years.
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
800ml/100L water
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Variable results.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
M
2.6L/10L water
Surfactant
Wiper
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 9792 (exp.2015)
Three corner jack (Emex australis)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Brush-Off®
B
5-10g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Established pastures – refer to label. Apply up to 6 leaf stage. Use higher rates for dense infestations. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
Registered (WA only)
terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA (160g/L)
Agtryne MA®
C,I
1.5L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Cereal crops only. Apply at the 1-4 leaf stage.
Registered
On arable land it can be controlled over 3-4 years of repeated cultivations. In pastures prevent seed production by mowing, slashing or heavy grazing of flowering stems. Combine this with pasture improvement.
Three cornered garlic (Allium triquetrum)
Cultivation
Cultivation and pasture improvement.
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89
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
glyphosate dual salt (360g/L)
Weedmaster®Duo
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg) metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
90
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
1L/100L
Surfactant or penetrant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
M
1L/3L
None
Wiper sponge or brush
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Brush-Off®
B
10g/400L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Brush-Off®
B
2.5g/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation. Not for home garden use.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Three-horned bedstraw (Galium tricornutum)
carfentrazone-ethyl (400g/ kg) + MCPA (500g/L)
Affinity® + MCPA 500®
G,I
50g + 500ml
Boom spray
Cereals – Post emergent.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
25g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Post emergent. 6 whorls up to 10cm high.
Registered
imazethapyr (700g/L)
Spinnaker®
B
70-100g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
In faba beans and field peas – pre and post emergent. Refer to label.
Registered
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
Toetoe (Cortaderia richardii) AW
Report
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
10-13ml/1L
Surfactant (if away from from waterways)
Spot spray
Sept-May
For best results apply after flowering. Use higher rate for plants over 1m. For easier access slash or burn plants and allow to regrow to 1m.
Registered
150-300ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Rosette to pre flowering.
Registered
Registered
Registered
Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
560ml-1.7L/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray at rosette stage. Use higher rates for larger plants. Pastures, non agricultural areas and conservation Tillage (direct drilling, surface sowing or fallow maintenance). Pasture legumes including Lucerne, clovers and medics may be damaged unless well protected by grasses. Spot spraying is preferred.
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
2,4-D amine 625
I
95ml/100L
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray at rosette stage.
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
50 or 70L/ha
Boom spray
Pastures – Rosette stage to early flowering.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L)
Lontrel®
I
250ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Pastures and fallow. Treat rosettes prior to stem elongation.
Registered
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Use lower rates in barley, oats, triticale, wheat (4-5 leaf onwards). Refer to label. Spray when thistle rosettes are 5-15cm. Pastures and fallow treat rosettes prior to stem elongation. Use higher rates on rosettes larger than 30cm in diameter.
Registered
clopyralid (300g/L) + MCPA (500g/L)
Lontrel® + MCPA 500®
I
50-70ml + 1-1.5L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
91
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml-1L/ha – less than 12cm diameter rosettes 1-1.6L/ha – greater than 12cm diameter rosettes
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
1L/100L
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA (500g/L)
MCPA 500®
MCPA 500®
I
700ml-1.5L/ha
92
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Use higher rates on larger plants. Prior to sowing a crop, fallow, non agricultural areas.
Registered
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
PER 13371 (exp.2017)
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only. Use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger plants. Use 2L/ha for well developed plants.
Registered
Registered
Boom spray
I
100-133ml/100L
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Spray seedlings only. Use lower rates for seedlings and higher rates for larger plants.
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not currently known to occur in Australia.
Water caltrop (Trapa natans) AW
Report
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
This species is not listed specifically on any registered herbicide label. Roundup Biactive® covers weeds in general and is suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered (under general weeds)
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA.
Seek advice from a local NRM Authority. Apply as an overall spray to wet foliage thoroughly. Clear water is necessary for best results. Use the higher rate for heavy infestations or deep or dirty water. Repeat applications 7-14 days later may be necessary for control of dense infestations.
Registered
Apply when actively growing, at or beyond the early bloom stage. Monitor site until eradication has been achieved. Use higher rate on dense infestations. Suitable for use near waterways - refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Water dropwort (Oenanthe pimpinelloides)
glyphosate (360g/kg)
Roundup Biactive®
M
1L/100L
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) WoNS AW
Report
diquat (200g/L)
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Reglone®
Roundup Biactive®
L
M
400ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
10-13ml/1L
Surfactant (if away from waterways). None (if near or within waterways)
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
93
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
Manual removal
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
94
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Skim plants off the water and dispose by drying or composting
Seek advice from the local NRM Authority first. Monitor site until eradication has been achieved.
Report occurrences to your regional NRM Authority or Biosecurity SA. Not yet known to occur in Australia.
Skim plants off the water and dispose by drying or composting
Seek advice from your regional NRM Authority first. Monitor site until eradication has been achieved.
125ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Soil residual. Do not use near desirable vegetation or in waterways. Do not apply near susceptible crops. Use double rate at flowering.
Registered
Water soldier (Stratiotes aloides) AW
Report
Manual removal
Wild artichoke (Cynara cardunculus)
2,4-D (300g/L) + picloram (75g/L)
Tordon®75-D
I
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
1.6L/ha
Surfactant
Boom Spray
Spray prior to flowering.
Registered
dicamba (500g/L)
Kamba 500®
I
100ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Spray prior to flowering.
Registered
HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
2.4L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply at rosette stage.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
400ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Apply at rosette stage.
Registered
Manual Removal
Grub plants
Manual Removal
Ensure that the root system is removed to a depth of 150mm.
Registered
MCPA (250g/L)
MCPA 250
I
2.1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Non crops areas, fallow, rights of way. Apply at rosette stage. Crop and pasture rates – refer to label
MCPA (250g/L)
MCPA 250
I
140ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Apply at rosette stage.
Registered
M
Undiluted
None
Cut stump
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately.
Registered
For plants less than 2m tall. Add a penetrant of applying away from waterways. Use higher rate for plants 1-2m high. Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Willows (Salix spp.) WoNS
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
1-1.3L/100L
None
Spot Spray – Do not add surfactants if using near aquatic areas
glyphosate (360g/kg) biactive
Roundup Biactive®
M
Undiluted
None
Stem inject
Suitable for use near waterways – refer to label. Basal diameter 0-25cm 1ml/cut, basal diameter 25-60cm 2ml/cut.
Registered
Manual Removal
Remove by hand or machinery
picloram (43g/kg) gel
Vigilant Herbicide Gel®
I
3-5mm thick layer
None
Cut stump
Cut stump and apply herbicide immediately.
Registered
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
95
Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia HERBICIDE
EXAMPLE OF PRODUCT NAMES
HERBICIDE GROUP
APPLICATION RATE (with water unless indicated)
REQUIRED ADDITIONS
APPLICATION METHODS
96
TIMING
COMMENTS
LEGAL STATUS
Registered
Yellow burrweed (Amsinckia spp).
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
24-D amine 625
I
0.56-1.7L/ha
Boom spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label. Pastures and non-agricultural areas. Pasture legumes including Lucerne, clover and medics may be damaged unless well protected by grasses. Spot spraying is preferred. Use lower rates on seedlings and higher rates on larger plants.
2,4-D amine (625g/L)
24-D amine 625
I
73ml/100L
Spot spray
Hormone type treatment – use with caution near sensitive crops. Refer to drift warnings on the label.
Registered
flumetsulam (800g/kg)
Broadstrike®
B
25g/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Crops and pastures – refer to label.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml-1L/ha
Surfactant
Boom spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants. Prior to sowing a crop or pasture with full soil disturbance by cultivations or sowing with a tyned implement. Use higher rates late in the season or when treating under cold/overcast conditions.
Registered
glyphosate (450g/kg)
Roundup®
M
800ml/100L
Surfactant
Spot spray
Non selective, avoid contact with desirable plants.
Registered
Manual removal
Manual Removal
Hand pull individual plants. Ensure plant is not seeding.
Registered
metsulfuron-methyl (600g/ kg)
Ally®
B
5 or7g/100L
Surfactant
Boom spray
Use higher rate for larger weeds or dense infestations. Soil active herbicide, may damage desirable vegetation.
terbutryn 275g/L + MCPA amine (160g/L)
Agtryne MA®
C,I
1l/ha
Boom spray
Cropping – refer to label comments.
Registered
triasulfuron (750g/kg)
Logran®750WG
B
30g/ha
Boom
Pre emergent control within wheat and other cereal crops – refer to label.
Registered
References
Useful websites
Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia. Alert Weeds Fact sheets (various). Urrbrae, South Australia. Viewed May 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/sa_alert_weeds/sa_alert_weed_list Biosecurity SA, Primary Industries and Regions South Australia (2009). Branched Broomrape On Farm Management Handbook. Urrbrae, South Australia. Viewed April 2012, www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/branched_broomrape/broomrape_management Environment Protection Authority (2005). Guidelines for Responsible Pesticide Use. Adelaide , South Australia. Viewed June 2012, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Guideline/guide_pesticides.pdf Environment Protection Authority (2007). Safe and Effective Herbicide Use: A handbook for near-water application produced by the Environment Protection Authority. Adelaide, South Australia. Viewed June 2012, www.epa.sa.gov.au/xstd_files/Water/Other/pesticide_water.pdf Ivory, S. and Mantel, S. (2013) A Guide to Biological Control in South Australia. South Australian Research and Development Institute. Pdf available at www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity/weeds/biological_control_of_weeds Kondinin Group (2010). Field Crop Herbicide Guide 8. Perth, Western Australia. NSW Department of Primary Industries (2011). Noxious and Environmental Weed Control Handbook, A Guide To Weed Control In Non-Crop, Aquatic and Bushland Situations 5th Edition. Grafton, New South Wales. Viewed June 2012 , www.dpi.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/123317/Noxious-and-environmental-weed-control-handbook.pdf South Australian Murray-Darling Basin Natural Resources Management Board, Pest Plants facts sheets (various). Murray Bridge, South Australia. Viewed May 2012, www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au/Land/PestAnimalPlantControlProgram/PestPlantIdentification.aspx Weeds Society of Queensland Inc. (2011). Weeds of Southern Queensland 3rd edition. Toowoomba, Queensland. Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority – Registered products and permit searches: www.apvma.gov.au Biosecurity SA – Primary Industries and Regions SA – Weed identification and weed information: www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_biosecurity Environment Protection Authority – Information regarding safe herbicide use: www.epa.sa.gov.au Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lofty Ranges – Weed identification and information: www.amlrnrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources Alinytjara Wilurara – Weed identification and information: www.awnrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources Eyre Peninsula – Weed identification and information: www.epnrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources Kangaroo Island – Weed identification and information: www.kinrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources Northern and Yorke – Weed information: www.nynrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources South Australian Arid Lands – Weed identification and information: www.saalnrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources South Australian Murray-Darling Basin – Aquatic and other weed identification and information: www.samdbnrm.sa.gov.au Natural Resources South East – Weed identification and information: www.senrm.sa.gov.au Weed Management Society of South Australia Inc. – Weed identification and information: www.wmssa.org.au Weeds Australia – the national weed website: www.weeds.org.au WeedSmart – Information on herbicide resistance: www.weedsmart.org.au Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
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Weed Control Handbook for Declared Plants in South Australia
IMAGE CREDITS
African feathergrass – © Matt Baker and Tasmanian Herbarium – ‘Australian Plant Image Index (APII) African lovegrass – USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database African lovegrass – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org Alkali sida – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org Arrowhead (plant(s) – Troy Evans, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Bugwood.org Athel pine – Ben Shepherd Bellyache bush (flower) – Tony Pernas, USDI National Park Service, Bugwood.org Bellyache bush (leaf) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Bathurst burr (flowerhead) – John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Bathurst burr (leaf shape) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Bifora (flowers, fruit, infestation, plant) – Thomas Meyer Blackberry (fruit) – Kate Blood Bladder campion – R.A. Howard @ USDANRCS PLANTS Database Broad-kernel espartillo (habit) – Ximena Nazal M., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl Broad-kernel espartillo (seed head) – Ximena Nazal M., Chile, www.viverosangabriel.cl Bulbil watsonia (cormels) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Bulbil watsonia (flower heads) – Kate Blood Cane needlegrass (seedhead) – J.Miller © Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research Catsclaw creeper – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Chilean needlegrass (seed heads) – Charles Grech Chilean needlegrass (habit) – Jenny Conolly Coolatai grass (plant) – Paul Gillen
Cutleaf mignonette – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Dodder – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Eurasian watermilfoil – Barry Rice, sarracenia.com, Bugwood.org Field bindweed ( flower/s) – Norman E. Rees, USDA Agricultural Research Service – Retired, Bugwood.org Field bindweed (infestation) – Norman E. Rees, USDA Agricultural Research Service – Retired, Bugwood.org Field garlic (flower & seedhead) – Ohio State Weed Lab archive, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Fireweed – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Gamba grass – Nathan March, Qdaff Horehound – John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Horsetail – Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, The Ohio State University, Bugwood.org Lagarosiphon – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Lagarosiphon (plant) – Rohan Wells, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Bugwood.org Leafy elodea (plant) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Leafy elodea (structure) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Lincoln weed (habit) – Adrian Harvey Lincoln weed (flowers) – Adrian Harvey Madeira vine – The Nature Conservancy Archive, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org May or Hawthorn (flower/s) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org May or Hawthorn (fruits) – Piero Amorati, ICCroce – Casalecchio di Reno, Bugwood.org Mesquite (flowers) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org
Mexican feather grass – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Muskweed – Andrea Moro, luirig.altervista. org/pics Noogoora burr complex – Jan Samanek, State Phytosanitary Administration, Bugwood. org Nutgrass – Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Olive – Piero Amorati, ICCroce – Casalecchio di Reno, Bugwood.org Parkinsonia – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Parthenium – Charles T. Bryson, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Bugwood.org Parthenium – QDEEDI Perennial ragweed – Howard F. Schwartz, Colorado State University, Bugwood.org Pheasant’s eye – Math Knight, http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adonismicrocarpa001.jpg Plumerillo – Ximena Nazal M., Chile, www. viverosangabriel.cl Poison buttercup – Carey Minteer, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org Primrose willow – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Senegal tea plant (flower/s) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Senegal tea plant (stem/s) – Robert Videki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Skeleton weed – Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Skeleton weed (leaf) – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org Slender thistle – Eric Coombs, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org Soldier thistle – Javia Martin Soursob (flower/s) – Barry Rice, sarracenia. com, Bugwood.org Soursob (foliage) – Barry Rice, sarracenia.com, Bugwood.org
98
Spear thistle – Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Sweet briar – Robert Vidéki, Doronicum Kft., Bugwood.org Texas needle grass – Larry Allain Three horned bedstraw – Chris Evans, Illinois Wildlife Action Plan, Bugwood.org Three cornered garlic (plant(s) – Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California – Davis, Bugwood.org Toe toe (flowerhead) – J.S. Peterson @ USDANRCS PLANTS Database Toe toe (plant) – J.S. Peterson @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Water caltrop (infestation) – John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org Water dropwort – Erin Stockschlaeder, Fairfax County Park Authority, Bugwood.org Water hyacinth (flower) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Water hyacinth (swollen leaf base) – Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org Water soldier – R.A. Howard, USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database Willow – Richard Webb, Self-employed horticulurist, Bugwood.org Yellow burrweed – Paul Gillen All other images belong to Biosecurity SA, Weeds & Pest Animals, (PIRSA) www.pir.sa.gov.au/biosecuritysa/nrm_ biosecurity/weeds
