United Nations Development Program Washington Representation Office (November 2015)

UNDP Anti-Poaching Projects Poaching and illicit trafficking of wildlife are among the 5 most lucrative illegal trades globally, earning at least $19 billion annually. Wildlife trafficking devastates populations of wildlife species, threatens global security, and undermines national development. UNDP works at the local, national, regional and international levels to combat poaching and wildlife trafficking. UNDP’s support focuses on 3 areas: strengthening law enforcement, working with local communities to create jobs and support livelihoods, and helping reduce demand for illegally traded wildlife.

Afghanistan Establishing Integrated Models for Protected Areas and their Co-Management 2014-2018 Budget: $46.5 million This project aims to build capacity for the co-management of natural resources to reduce pressure on wildlife habitats in key biodiversity areas. KEY RESULTS:  Helped create the Afghanistan Parks and Wildlife Authority, which will develop and manage a protected area system for Afghanistan  Initiated the development of a snow leopard monitoring program and baseline surveys  Developed and published a new Ranger Handbook on the basic knowledge and skills required of community wildlife rangers  Constructed 2 predator-proof livestock corrals for communities adjacent to the proposed Teggermansu Wildlife Reserve, which will reduce incidents of human-wildlife conflict and protect both livelihoods and wildlife  Supported the Government in employing 4 women as the first female park rangers in the entire country, which is significant given that only 16% of women work in Afghanistan

Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger Sustainability of a Sub-Regional Protected Area 2007-2013 Budget: $26.1 million The project improved the management of W-Arly-Pendjari (WAP) complex which represents the most significant range area for elephant conservation in the entire West African region. Targeting the many threats to the WAP’s ecosystems, including illegal poaching, agricultural encroachment, and unsustainable use of resources, UNDP provided support to communities within buffer and transition zones and improved the institutional and physical links among the 3 protected areas. KEY RESULTS:  Implemented a regional system of patrolling and monitoring, significantly reducing pressures from poaching  Developed a method for monitoring the status of flagship species, particularly the rare subspecies of giraffe found only in the WAP complex  Helped significantly increase the giraffe population in the WAP complex

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Supported local communities in adopting biodiversity-friendly economic activities, increasing average annual incomes by 15% Created biodiversity-friendly livelihoods in areas such as beekeeping, ecotourism, producing shea butter, and preparing venison, benefitting 237 women

Malaysia Improving Connectivity in Central Forest Spine Landscape 2014-2020 Budget: $47.5 million The project helps strengthen law enforcement and wildlife monitoring capacities, puts in place an intelligence-based wildlife trade surveillance system, and builds a wildlife trade enforcement network to increase crime interception. This project will help expand wildlife crime law enforcement and wildlife monitoring capacity at national and state levels and in target forest landscapes to ensure reduction of wildlife and forestry crime. KEY RESULTS:  Supported the establishment of Regional Wildlife Crime Units  Strengthened on-the-ground enforcement operations  Supported establishment of an elephant sanctuary  Facilitated Government approval of the expenditure of $11 million to undertake an extensive wildlife survey

Mozambique Sustainable Financing of Protected Area System 2011-2015 Budget: $18.7 million The project helps the Government ensure sustainable financing of the protected area system. KEY RESULTS:  Developed a Protected Area Financial Plan  Increased the total budget for Protected Areas for 2014 to $25.9 million from the 2008-2009 budget of $14.9 million  Employed and supported 24 community-based law enforcement rangers as part of the Gorongosa Law Enforcement Division

Namibia Strengthening the Protected Area Network 2006-2012 Budget: $42.2 million This project improved the management effectiveness of the national protected area network of Namibia by promoting sustainable allocation natural resources, protecting biodiversity, and contributing to the economic and social development of local communities. Activities focused on enhancing the legal framework for protected area management and financial mechanisms for park management, developing park management plans, and building the skills of park management staff. KEY RESULTS:  Drafted the Protected Areas and Wildlife Management Bill and relevant protected area management policies  Facilitated a 310% increase in budgetary resource allocations by the Government for protected area management  Introduced a system for improving wildlife management through the Incident Book System at the protected area level, enabling park managers to track sightings of wildlife species and to record incidents, which helps inform park management decisions  Improved management effectiveness in 98% of all protected areas Namibia Protected Landscape Conservation Areas Initiative 2011-2016 Budget: $5.0 million This project is creating financing opportunities for new protected areas and new communal conservancies by developing and implementing revenue generation mechanisms. This project supports enforcement efforts and deters biodiversity-related crimes over a protected area of more than 13 million hectares.

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KEY RESULTS:  Established 5 new Landscape Conservation Areas (LCAs), bringing 3.5 million hectares under collaborative management  Helped develop the National Policy on Protected Areas which was approved by the Cabinet, becoming the first national legislation that recognizes LCAs in Namibia  Helped develop and apply a game count data management system for an integrated monitoring system

Nepal Creating Biodiversity Conservation Landscapes in Lowland Terai and Eastern Himalaya 2005-2012 Budget: $13.1 million This project helped reduce pressures on wildlife from loss of habitat by creating new protected forests, restoring habitats, increasing anti-poaching activities, creating new financial incentives for conservation by communities, and increasing community involvement in protected area management. KEY RESULTS:  Improved dialogue between India and Nepal on combating transboundary wildlife trade  Engaged unemployed youths in anti-poaching groups  Helped reduce poaching incidents of endangered species in the buffer zones of Bardia National Park and Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve  Increased populations of key animal species o The populations of blackbuck and swamp deer in Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve have risen, as has the diversity of birds in the Mohana Corridor o Increased number of tigers between 2010 and 2012 o Stabilized the population of Indian rhinoceros, with projections of further increases as a result of anti-poaching activities and cross-border cooperation o Increased elephant populations by developing the Elephant Conservation Plan, which includes management practices such as the installation of solar-powered electric fences to minimize human-wildlife conflict, the construction of new additional watchtowers, and the promotion of alternative livelihoods for farmers in areas close to the forest  Provided 3,616 forest-dependent families with alternate income-generating activities, increasing net incomes by 19%

South Sudan Protected Area Network Management 2011-2015 Budget: $8.2 million This project supported conservation in the post-conflict development of South Sudan through effective management of protected areas. The 2 main objectives of the project were to reassess the present protected area network, to ensure the identification of key migratory routes and wildlife corridors, and to build the capacity of the Ministry of Wildlife Conservation and Tourism to effectively manage and sustainably develop South Sudan’s key protected areas. KEY RESULTS:  Helped conduct a law enforcement operation in Yirol East County that led to the seizure of 21 chopped pieces of ivory, 19 ivory bangles, and hippo skin  Supported wildlife trafficking operations that seized 32 pieces of ivory in Juba  Constructed Southern National Park Headquarters and deployed forces in the national parks  Trained 46 rangers (including 6 women) to locate wildlife populations, map human activity, manage a network of stations and rotating patrols, and enforce anti-poaching measures  Increased engagement between the parks and surrounding communities to monitor and report hunting activities and to control grazing of cattle and honey collection in the parks  Helped draft wildlife and tourism bills

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Tanzania Strengthening the Protected Area Network in Southern Tanzania: Improving the Effectiveness of National Parks in Addressing Threats to Biodiversity 2011- 2016 Budget: $17.4 million The project supports the enforcement capabilities within Tanzanian National Parks by improving governance, community development, financial investment, and monitoring. KEY RESULTS:  Helped create a national environmental crime unit, set up in mid-2015 and chaired by the Ministry of Home Affairs, which includes Tanzanian National Parks, environment agencies, representatives from the judiciary, and other enforcement and intelligence services  Installed a state-of-the art digital radio communications system in Ruaha National Park to enable proper linkage of management objectives (e.g., monitoring the movement of radio-collared elephants and rangers’ locations and movements).  Purchased patrol vehicles to improve the average time of ranger patrol deployment by 30% and 54% for Ruaha NP and Kitulo National Parks respectively  Produced 7 songs for public radio broadcast addressing the elephant poaching crisis and promoting local tourism  Helped draft the Tanzanian National Strategy to Combat Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade to address consumer demand, poverty, and weak law enforcement o Implementation is currently supported by UNDP with engagement of the International Conservation Caucasus Foundation

Global: The Small Grants Program Established in 1992, the UNDP-implemented Global Environment Facility (GEF) Small Grants Program funds projects that conserve and restore the environment. In 2015, the Fund supported some 275 new biodiversity-related projects in over 125 countries, totaling $9.23 million. The program in Cameroon is a typical example: Cameroon: Promoting Community Wildlife Management in the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve Area 2009-2010 Budget: $43,400 This project raised community awareness against poaching, empowering local populations to assume responsibility over the management of forest and wildlife resources in the Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve region. KEY RESULTS:  Trained and sensitized 152 hunters and bushmeat traders  Educated 1,444 people about the dangers of illegal hunting of endangered wildlife species  Increased local awareness and knowledge of forest and wildlife regulations  Educated 36 people on the legal implications of killing protected animals  Established 4 community wildlife management committees  Trained 75 representatives of hunters’ groups in alternative livelihood activities, including beekeeping, snail farming, livestock, and gardening

Global: GEF Partnership on Wildlife Global Partnership on Wildlife Conservation and Crime Prevention 2015-2023 Budget: $90.4 million in GEF Grants + $513.1 million in co-financing This is a global project comprising UNDP, the World Bank, the UN Environmental Program, and World Wildlife Fund to address many of the threats driving species extinction: hunting, poaching, and the illegal trade of endangered species. UNDP is currently working with 11 countries to develop the following projects under this program:  Botswana: Managing the Human-Wildlife Interface to Sustain the Flow of Agro-Ecosystem Services and Prevent Illegal Wildlife Trafficking in the Kgalagadi and Ghanzi Drylands (Approximate Funding: $6.0 million)  Cameroon: Integrated and Transboundary Conservation of Biodiversity in the Basins of Cameroon (Approximate Funding: $3.9 million)

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Ethiopia: Enhanced Management and Enforcement of Protected Areas(Approximate Funding: $7.3 million) India: SECURE: Securing Livelihoods, Conservation, Sustainable Use and Restoration of High Range Himalayan Ecosystems (Approximate Funding: $12.0 million) Indonesia: Combating Illegal and Unsustainable Trade in Endangered Species (Approximate Funding: $7.0 million) Kenya: Combating Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trafficking through an Integrated Approach (Approximate Funding: $4.5 million) Mozambique: Strengthening the Conservation of Globally Threatened Species in Mozambique through Improving Biodiversity Enforcement and Expanding Community Conservancies Around Protected Areas (Approximate Funding: $15.8 million) Republic of Congo: Integrated and Transboundary Conservation of Biodiversity (Approximate Funding: $3.1 million) Tanzania: Combating Poaching and the Illegal Wildlife Trade through an Integrated Approach (Approximate Funding: $5.4 million) Thailand: Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade, focusing on Ivory, Rhino Horn, Tiger and Pangolins (Approximate Funding: $4.0 million) Zimbabwe: Strengthening Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management and Climate-Smart Landscapes in the Mid to Lower Zambezi Region of Zimbabwe (Approximate Funding: $10.0 million)

Global: Rhino Impact Bonds 2016- 2018 Budget $6.9 million The project will create a roadmap for reducing poaching that will initially be applied to rhinos, and in time, to other high value species such as elephants and tigers. The project will test the “Impact Bond Model” in several priority rhino sites globally. The long-term finance offered by an impact bond is ideal for slow breeding animals such as rhinos, where a reduction in poaching only manifests itself in terms of population growth over 5 to 10 years. A Rhino Impact Bond will enable implementation of effective, integrated interventions that are rarely possible with most one-off, short-term grants.

6 Overview of UNDP’s Activities in Wildlife Conservation and Illegal Wildlife Trade Projects Planned, Implemented, or Completed

Country

Afghanistan

Angola

Bhutan

Botswana

Cameroon

Chad

Congo Brazaville

Ecuador

Ethiopia Gambia

Guinea - Bissau

India

Project Establishing Integrated Models for Protected Areas and CoManagement Expansion and Strengthening of Angola’s Protected Area System Enhancing Sustainability and Resilience of Forest Landscape and Community Livelihoods Managing the Human-Wildlife Interface to Sustain the Flow of Agro-Ecosystem Services and Prevent Illegal Wildlife Trafficking in the Kgalagadi and Ghanzi Drylands Integrated and Transboundary Conservation of Biodiversity in the Basins of Cameroon Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in the Moyen-Chari Integrated and Transboundary Conservation of Biodiversity in the Basins of the Republic of Congo Advancing landscape Approaches in Ecuador's National Protected Area System to Improve Conservation of Globally Endangered Wildlife Enhanced Management and Enforcement of Ethiopia’s Protected Areas Estate Protected Areas Network and Community Livelihood Project Strengthening the Financial and Operational Framework of the National Protected Area System India High Range Landscape Project – Developing an Effective Multiple-Use Management Framework for Conserving Biodiversity in the Mountain Landscape of the High Ranges, the Western

Amount (USD Million)

Key species targeted

Timeframe

46.5

Snow leopard

2014 - 2018

22.0

Elephant

2014 - 2020

55.9

Snow leopard

2015 - 2020

27.2

Elephant

2015 - 2020

34.7

Forest elephant Lowland gorilla Chimpanzee

2015 - 2020

3.6

Elephant

2005 - 2015

23.6

Forest elephant Lowland gorilla Chimpanzee

2015 - 2020

23.2

Jaguar Puma Macaw Amazonian manatee

2013 - 2018

100.3

Ethiopian wolf

2015 - 2020

6.0

African manatee

2015 - 2020

13.9

Chimpanzee

2015 - 2020

36.3

Tiger Nilgiri tahr Elephant

2013 - 2018

7

Country

India

Indonesia Indonesia

Indonesia

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyzstan

Kenya Kenya

Madagascar

Malaysia

Malaysia

Mexico

Mozambique Mozambique

Project Ghats, India SECURE: Securing Livelihoods, Conservation, Sustainable Use and Restoration of High Range Himalayan Ecosystems Enhancing Protected Area Network in Sulawesi - E-PASS Transforming Effectiveness of Biodiversity Conservation in Priority Sumatran Landscapes

Combating Illegal and Unsustainable Trade in Endangered Species

Conservation and Management of Steppe Ecosystems Conservation of Globally Important Biodiversity and Association Land and Forest Resources of Western Tian Shan Forest Mountain Ecosystems and Support for Sustainable Livelihoods Empowering Women Groups Living with Amboseli Elephants Combating Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trafficking Landscape Approach to Conserving and Managing Threatened Biodiversity in Madagascar with a Focus on the Atsimo-Andrefana Spiny and Dry Forest Landscape Enhancing Effectiveness and Financial Sustainability of Protected Areas Improving Connectivity in Central Forest Spine Landscape Safeguarding Globally Endangered Wildlife Sustainable Financing of the Protected Area System Strengthening the Conservation of Globally

Amount (USD Million)

Key species targeted

Timeframe

51.9

Snow leopard

2015 - 2020

50.2

Sea turtle

2011 - 2015

62.5

Tiger

2011 - 2015

49.0

Tiger Rhino Elephant Pangolin Manta ray Hornbill Cockatoo Bird of paradise

2016 - 2021

23.8

Saiga antelope

2008 - 2014

20.5

Snow leopard

2014 - 2018

0.1

Elephant

2015 - 2016

3.5

Elephant Rhinoceros

2015 - 2020

31.4

Lemur

2015 - 2020

19.0

Tiger

2008 - 2012

47.5

Tiger Elephant

2014 - 2020

6.0

California condor Jaguar Golden eagle Mexican wolf

2014 - 2019

19.8

Elephant

2011 - 2015

67.8

Elephant

2015 - 2020

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Country

Myanmar

Myanmar

Namibia Namibia

Namibia

Nepal

Pakistan Pakistan Tajikistan Tanzania

Tanzania

Thailand

Thailand

Zimbabwe

Project Threatened Species in Mozambique through Improving Biodiversity Enforcement and Expanding Community Conservancies Around Protected Areas Strengthening Sustainability of Protected Area Management Ridge to Reef: Integrated Protected Area Land and Seascape Management in Tanintharyi Strengthening Protected Area Network Protected Landscape Conservation Areas Initiative Strengthening the Capacity of the Protected Area System to Address New Management Challenges Creating Biodiversity Conservation Landscapes in Nepal's Lowland Terai and Eastern Himalaya Areas Pakistan Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program Mountains and Markets: Biodiversity and Business in Northern Pakistan Sustainable Natural Resource and Forest Management Combating Poaching and the Illegal Wildlife Trade Strengthening the Protected Area Network in Southern Tanzania: Improving the Effectiveness of National Parks in Addressing Threats to Biodiversity Strengthening Capacity and Incentives for Wildlife Conservation in the Western Forest Complex Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade, Focusing on Ivory, Rhino Horn, Tiger and Pangolins Strengthening Biodiversity and Ecosystems Management and Climate-Smart Landscapes in the Mid to Lower Zambezi

Amount (USD Million)

Key species targeted

Timeframe

23.9

Tiger

2015 - 2020

21.3

Tiger

2017 - 2022

42.2 5.0

Elephant Rhinoceros Elephant Rhinoceros

2006 - 2012 2011 - 2016

4.5

Elephant Rhinoceros

2014 - 2020

13.1

Tiger Indian rhinoceros Elephant

2005 - 2012

4.6

Snow leopard

2016 - 2019

8.1

Snow leopard

2012 - 2018

4.2

Snow leopard

2014 - 2018

29.4

Elephant Rhinoceros Pangolin

2015 - 2020

17.4

Elephant

2011 - 2016

31.6

Tiger/other prey species Elephant

2015 - 2020

4.0

Elephant Rhinoceros Tiger Pangolin

2015 - 2020

10.0

Elephant

2016 - 2022

9

Country

Project

Amount (USD Million)

Key species targeted

Timeframe

Region of Zimbabwe Regional: Benin, Burkina Faso and Niger

Sustainability of Sub-Regional Protected Area System

26.1

Elephant Giraffe

2007 - 2013

45.1

Elephant

2007 - 2015

6.9

Rhinoceros Elephant Rhinoceros

2015 - 2019

Snow leopard

2015 - 2018

Global

Conservation of Transboundary Biodiversity in the Minkébé-Odzala-Dja Interzone Rhino Impact Bonds

Global

Tackling Maritime Trafficking

2.0

Global

Transboundary Cooperation for Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Conservation

5.5

Regional: Gabon, Congo, and Cameroon

2015 - 2020

These data are intended to provide a snapshot of UNDP’s activities on the ground and reflect every effort to obtain the most accurate, timely information available. To learn more or ascertain the most current available figures, contact UNDP Washington at +1 202 331 9130 or [email protected].