Trees outside the forest:

The “Dehesas” of Vilches and Arquillos (Andalusia, South Spain) a

aLes

paysages de l’arbre hors forêt: multi-valorisation dans le cadre d’un développement local durable en Europe du Sud.

Paniza Cabrera, Antonia1 and Jiménez Olivencia, Yolanda2 1 Área de Geografía Física, Departamento de Antropología Geografía e Historia. Universidad de Jaén 2 Instituto de Desarrollo Regional. Universidad de Granada. [email protected], [email protected]

• Introduction • Study area • Material and method • Results • Conclusion

Introduction • Trees outside the forest – FAO define by default in terms of the forest, as follows: trees growing outside the forest and not belonging to the category of forests, forest lands, or other wooded land. – Trees outside forests are located on "other land", such as agricultural land, built-up areas such as settlements and infrastructure. – Trees play a constant or occasional but always specific role in livestock production systems

• The dehesas. – Agrosilvopastoral systems are characterised by the dispersion or individual or grouped trees associated with animal grazing and cultivated areas. – The trees are Mediterranean evergreen cork or holm oaks

Study area

MATERIAL AND METHOD

• Digital orthoimages 1956

• Information was transferred into a GIS

2007

MATERIAL AND METHOD

• Land cover classes were separated firstly in cultivated and non-cultivates areas. • In the uncultivated areas we differentiated between: – – – – – –

Shrubs Pastures Forest Dehesa with Shrubs and pastures Dehesa with pastures Cultivated dehesa

Dehesa with bushes and pastures

Dehesa with pastures

Cultivated dehesa

Result

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

70 53

1956 2007 16 8

12

3

Cultivated dehesa

Dehesa with shrubs and pasture

Dehesa with pasture

6

8

Pasture

14

Pine

10

Shrubs with pine

Uses that have not changed Uses that have changed

New coverages in the cultivated dehesa that have Almond trees changed 1956-2007 Cereal 0% 1%

0%

7%

10%

31%

Dehesa with shrubs and pasture Dehesa with pasture Shrubs Olive trees

0% 51%

Pasture Pine

New coverages in the dehesa with shrubs and pasture that have changed. 1956-2007 0% 0% 0% 5%

Almond trees

0%

Cereal Cultivated dehesa Dehesa with pasture Shrubs Shrubs and Pine 51%

40%

Olive trees Pine

4%

Conclusion

•Decrease of dehesa: • Forest repopulations. • Olive groves

Conclusion • Changes in the dehesa structure: – Reduction of the cultivated dehesa – Increase in the denseness of bushes and trees

Conclusion • Reasons for the increase in the denseness of bushes and trees: – Abandonmed of the exploitation. – Hunting activities

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