TO GO TO ANY OF THE PAGES LISTED BELOW, CLICK ON ITS TITLE CHAPTER 2 Cell Structure and Function 2-1

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What is a microscope? Lesson Review

2

What are cells? Lesson Review

3

What are the main cell parts? Lesson Review

4

What are other cell parts? Lesson Review

5

Relating Organelles to Common Objects Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-4

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How do plant and animal cells differ? Lesson Review

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Uses of Cellulose Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-5

8

Why do cells have different shapes? Lesson Review

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Classifying Cells Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-6

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How do materials move in and out of cells? Lesson Review

11

How do cells obtain energy? Lesson Review

12

How do cells produce new cells? Lesson Review

13

BIG IDEA Integrating Chemistry: How are elements and compounds part of living things? Lesson Review

14

THE

Chapter 2 Key Term Review

15

Chapter 2 Test

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Chapter 2 Answer Key

19

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 1

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2-1 What is a microscope? Lesson Review PART A Complete the following. 1. What is a microscope? ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What is a lens? _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. How does a compound microscope differ from a simple microscope? ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ PART B Label the parts of the compound microscope.

Skill Challenge Skills: calculating, applying concepts, comparing Complete the following. 1. If the eyepiece lens of a microscope magnifies an image 10 times and the low-power objective lens magnifies an image 10 times, how many times larger will an object appear if the microscope is set on low-power objective? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. If the eyepiece lens of a microscope magnifies an image 5 times and the low-power objective lens magnifies an image 25 times, how many times larger will an object appear if the microscope is set on low-power objective? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Which microscope has a greater magnifying power—the microscope described in question 1 or question 2? ________________________________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 2

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2-2 What are cells? Lesson Review Complete the following. 1. Cells carry out all __________________________________________________________________________ . 2. The first person to observe dead cells was ____________________________________________________ . 3. The first living cells were observed by _______________________________________________________ . 4. A theory is supported by ___________________________________________________________________ . 5. Explain the three parts of the cell theory. a. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________

Skill Challenge Skills: comparing, contrasting

1. Describe the shapes of the two cells shown above in your own words. ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How are the two cells alike? __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How are the two cells different? ______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 3

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2-3 What are the main cell parts? Lesson Review Complete the following. 1. The three main parts of the cell are the _______________________________________________________ . 2. Explain the three functions of the cell membrane. a. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ b. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ c. _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Most of the cell’s activities take place in the ___________________________________________________ . 4. The cell membrane is sometimes called the ___________________________________________________ . 5. The control center of the cell is the ___________________________________________________________ . 6. What part of a cell controls cell reproduction? ________________________________________________ . 7. The nucleus is separated from the cytoplasm by the ____________________________________________

Skill Challenge Skills: interpreting diagrams Identify the parts of the cell in the diagram below.

a.

________________________________________________________________

b.

________________________________________________________________

c.

________________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 4

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2-4 What are other cell parts? Lesson Review Match each term in Column B with its description in Column A. Write the letter of the correct term in the space provided. Column B

Column A __________ 1. small, round structures that make proteins

a. vacuoles

__________ 2. small structures in the cytoplasm that do special jobs

b. ribosomes

__________ 3. rice-shaped structures that produce energy for a cell

c. organelles

__________ 4. liquid-filled spaces in the cytoplasm

d. mitochondria

__________ 5. small, round structure that breaks down nutrient molecules

e. Golgi body

__________ 6. small network of tubes that transports substances

f.

__________ 7. packages and sends materials to other parts of the cell

endoplasmic reticulum

g. lysosome

Skill Challenge Skill: identifying Complete the following. 1. How do cell parts work together to keep the cell functioning properly? ___________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How is a cell like a factory? __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What life processes need to occur in a cell to keep it alive? ______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do cells need ribosomes? _______________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 5

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Relating Organelles to Common Objects Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-4 Skills: comparing, synthesizing PART A Describe the job of each cell part in the space provided. 1. cell membrane: ____________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. mitochondria: ______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. nucleus: ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. ribosomes: ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. endoplasmic reticulum: _____________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. vacuoles: __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Golgi body: ________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ PART B Identify the cell part from Part A that has a job similar to each of these objects. 1. egg shell __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. brain _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3. closet ____________________________________________________________________________________ 4. highway __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. meat-processing plant _____________________________________________________________________ 6. electric generator __________________________________________________________________________ 7. fence _____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. computer control center ____________________________________________________________________ 9. locker ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. mail room ________________________________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 6

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2-5 How do plant and animal cells differ? Lesson Review Complete the table by writing yes if the cell contains the structure or substance indicated on the left and no if the cell does not contain the structure or substance indicated. COMPARING PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS Structure or Substance

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

1. cellulose 2. nucleus 3. chlorophyll 4. cell wall 5. cytoplasm 6. cell membrane 7. mitochondria 8. ribosomes 9. vacuoles 10. chloroplast

Skill Challenge Skills: diagramming, labeling Label the parts of the plant and animal cells in the spaces provided.

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 7

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Uses of Cellulose Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-5 Skills: applying, researching PART A Read the passage below. Then, answer the questions that follow the passage. Cellulose Cellulose is the material that gives the cell wall of a plant cell its strength. All fruits and vegetables contain cellulose. Vegetables that contain the stalk or leaves of plants, such as celery and spinach, are rich in cellulose. Wood and cotton also contain large amounts of cellulose. Many everyday products are made from cellulose. Cellophane is a thin, transparent material made from cellulose contained in wood. Paper is also made from cellulose removed from wood. Textile manufacturers combine cellulose from cotton with other substances to produce the clothing materials rayon and acetate. Rayon also is used to make tires. 1. List four substances that naturally contain large amounts of cellulose. ____________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What are two uses of rayon? _________________________________________________________________ 3. Name two products made from the cellulose obtained from wood. _______________________________ PART B List ten products in your home that contain cellulose. Next to each product, identify whether it naturally contains cellulose or if it was made using cellulose. COMMON PRODUCTS CONTAINING CELLULOSE Product

Origin

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 8

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2-6 Why do cells have different shapes? Lesson Review PART A Identify each of the three types of cells shown in the diagrams below in the space provided.

1. __________________________

2. ___________________________

3. __________________________

PART B Circle the term in parentheses that best completes each statement. 1. The job of nerve cells is to carry (oxygen / messages) throughout the body. 2. The job of (nerve / red blood) cells is to carry oxygen. 3. A type of cell that does not have a nucleus is a (red blood / guard) cell. 4. Amoeba are unicellular organisms that live in (water / air). 5. The tiny opening on the lower surface of a plant leaf is a (stoma / guard cell). 6. Guard cells control the size of (stomata / red blood cells).

Skill Challenge Skills: contrasting, describing, analyzing Study the diagrams of the cells shown below. Then, answer the questions that follow.

1. What is the main job of red blood cells? _______________________________________________________ 2. What is the main job of nerve cells? ___________________________________________________________ 3. Describe the shape of red blood cells. _________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the shape of the nerve cells. _________________________________________________________ 5. How are the shapes of each cell related to their functions? _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 9

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Classifying Cells Enrichment Activity for Lesson 2-6 Skills: identifying, researching, comparing Use your text or other reference materials to draw each type of cell shown below. Then, match each cell to its description. 1. Red Blood Cell

2. Nerve Cell

4. Muscle Cell

5. White Blood Cell

3. Guard Cell

Descriptions ____________________ 6. Controls the size of the stoma ____________________ 7. Digests disease-causing organisms ____________________ 8. Carries messages throughout the body ____________________ 9. Carries oxygen ____________________ 10. Makes bones move

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 10

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2-7 How do materials move in and out of cells? Lesson Review Write true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, change the underlined term to make the statement true. ____________________ 1. A cell is the smallest part of a substance that is still that substance. ____________________ 2. The movement of molecules from more crowded places to less crowded places is called osmosis. ____________________ 3. Movement of materials through a membrane by using energy is called passive transport. ____________________ 4. Most molecules move from places where they are crowded to places where they are less crowded. ____________________ 5. A special molecule called a transport protein uses energy to push molecules through the membrane of a cell. ____________________ 6. The movement of water through a membrane is called diffusion. ____________________ 7. The cell membrane has tiny holes in it that allow materials to pass into and out of the cell.

Skill Challenge Skills: diagramming, using models, applying concepts Each symbol on the diagram below represents either a substance needed or not needed by the cell. These substances pass into or out of the cell by diffusion, using passive transport. Substances moving into the cell are needed by the cell, and substances moving out of the cell are not needed by the cell. Study the diagram below. Draw arrows in the diagram to show whether each substance will move into or out of the cell. Then, answer the questions that follow. 1. Is substance X needed or not needed by the cell? Explain. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 2. Would substance Y move into or out of the cell? Explain. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 11

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2-8 How do cells obtain energy? Lesson Review Complete the following. 1. A cell releases energy from food without using oxygen by _____________________________________ . 2. Plants use sunlight to make food in their leaves by using a process called ________________________ . 3. A plant breaks down sugar and releases energy using a process called __________________________ . 4. Plants use the Sun’s energy to produce oxygen and ____________________________________________ . 5. The ability to do work or cause change is _____________________________________________________ . 6. Photosynthesis occurs in a plant’s ___________________________________________________________ . 7. Fermentation causes cells to break down sugar into carbon dioxide and _________________________ . 8. During photosynthesis, plants take in water and ______________________________________________ .

Skill Challenge Skills: interpreting diagrams

Answer the questions about the diagram shown above. 1. What process is being shown by the substances moving into and out of this structure? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What is the name of the structure shown? _____________________________________________________ 3. Which substances are combined to release energy? _____________________________________________ 4. Which substances are byproducts? ____________________________________________________________

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 12

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2-9 How do cells produce new cells? Lesson Review Write the term that best completes each statement in the space provided. 1. The process by which cells produce new cells is called _________________________________________ . 2. Cell division is controlled by the ____________________________________________________________ . 3. The cell parts that determine which traits a living thing will have are called ______________________ . 4. During cell division, each chromosome makes an ______________________________________ of itself. 5. During cell division, the nucleus divides in a process called ____________________________________ . 6. The new cells formed during cell division are called _______________________________________ cells. 7. During cell division, plant cells form a new cell membrane and a new ___________________________ . 8. The two cells formed by cell division are about _________________________ the size of the parent cell.

Skill Challenge Skills: analyzing, sequencing Study the drawings of the stages of cell division below. Place the drawings in the correct order by writing the numbers 1 (first) through 5 (last) in the spaces provided.

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 13

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Big IDEA

Chapter 2

Date

Integrating Chemistry

How are elements and compounds part of living things?

Lesson Review Refer to the article, call outs, and Figure 2-31 on pages 58 and 59 of your text to answer the following questions. 1. What is an element? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What elements are needed for photosynthesis in a plant cell? ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What are the products of cellular respiration? __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the chemical formula for glucose? _____________________________________________________

Skill Challenge Skills: analyzing, inferring Complete the following. 1. What would happen if a cell did not receive glucose and oxygen? ________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What would happen if molecules could not pass through the cell membrane? _____________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why are ribosomes called protein factories? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration sometimes referred to as opposite processes? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________

Science Log Writing Activity Complete the Science Log on a separate sheet of paper. To complete the Big Idea Online, go to www.conceptsandchallenges.com. Follow the online instructions.

Concepts and Challenges in Life Science, Teacher’s Resources CD-ROM (c) by Pearson Education, Inc./Globe Fearon/Pearson Learning Group. All rights reserved.

Cell Structure and Function: CHAPTER 2, page 14