THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH from A Spin Around the Solar System Series

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Teacher’s Guide by... Lauren LaComb

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Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Links to Curriculum Standards . . . . . . . .1 Summary of the Program . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Student Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Instructional Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 Student Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Introducing the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Follow-Up Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 Extended Learning Activities . . . . . . . . .9 Internet Sites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Reference Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Script of Narration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 CC This video is closed captioned The purchase of this program entitles the user to the right to reproduce or duplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and the blackline master handouts that accompany it for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this program, THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH. This right is restricted only for use with this program. Any reproduction or duplication in whole or in part of this guide and the blackline master handouts for any purpose other than for use with this program is prohibited.

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THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH from A Spin Around the Solar System Series Grades 5-8 Viewing Time: 15 minutes with a three-minute, ten-question, Video Quiz

INTRODUCTION This in-depth series covers a wide range of essential matters about the solar system. Such topics as planet formation, gravity, nuclear fusion, and the Big Bang theory are presented concisely with the help of specially designed graphics and animations. Each of the eight shows can be presented as a free-standing lesson on its own, but the shows also work together to reinforce important concepts and to add breadth and depth to a student’s cumulative knowledge. LINKS TO CURRICULUM STANDARDS This lesson correlates to the following standards, outlined by the National Science Education Standards, for students in grades 5-8. Use individual state standard outlines to specify correlations to your state's guidelines. Earth & Space Science (Content Standard D) • Gravity is the force that keeps objects in the solar system in motion. • The earth is layered with a lithosphere; hot, convecting mantle; and dense, metallic core. • Lithospheric plates on the scales of continents and oceans constantly move at rates of centimeters per year in response to movements in the mantle. Major geological events, such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain building result from these plate motions. • Water, which covers the majority of the earth's surface, circulates through the crust, oceans, and atmosphere in what is known as the water cycle. 1

• Most objects in the solar system are in a regular and predictable motion. Those motions explain such phenomena as the day, the year, phases of the moon, and eclipses. SUMMARY OF PROGRAM Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago, through the process of accretion. Debris, such as gas, rocks, and metal left over from the sun, created Earth. Gravity pulled this debris into a sphere, clearing the Earth's orbit path of debris. Accretion created a lot of heat, which formed Earth into molten rock and metal. In this liquid-like mass, heavier metals such as iron and nickel sank to the middle. Lighter, rock-forming materials rose to the surface, which cooled into a rocky surface. Today the crust is about 25 miles/40 kilometers thick over the continents and five miles/eight kilometers think under the ocean floor. Under the crust is the mantle, which is made up of rock. The mantle is very hot and parts of it are made of molten, melted rock, and metal. Under the mantle is the core, made mostly of nickel and iron. The core is hotter than the mantle. This heat is a result of the immense pressure squeezing the core, radioactive decay, and possible heat left over from accretion. The Earth's interior heat has little effect on its surface temperatures. The Earth's crust is broken into 20 different sections called plates. The plates move on the mantle's molten rock, moving a few inches/centimeters a year. These movements can cause sudden or slow evolving changes to the Earth's crust. Plates colliding can create earthquakes. Uplifted plates can form mountains. Sub-ducted (push down) plates can create volcanoes. Where plates rift (spread apart), a gentle upwelling of lava may ooze into the gap, which hardens into new crust. All of these plate motions help Earth slowly renew its crust. That is 2

why Earth looked much different in the far past, as it will in the far future. Two-thirds of the Earth is covered with water. Nearly all of Earth's water is salt water, leaving only one percent of the Earth's water drinkable. Earth's water is constantly moving through the crust, in currents and in oceans, and moves through the atmosphere in the water cycle. The movement of water carves Earth's surface through erosion. Erosion is part of the rock cycle that renews the Earth's crust. Water makes life possible on Earth. Life started over 3 billion years ago. Chemicals joined in a variety of combinations, including the building blocks of life. For more than 2 billion years living things were single celled organisms. During the past few hundred million years the variety and complexity of life has expanded greatly.** Earth's atmosphere is a thin layer around the planet comprised of three main parts.*** The troposphere, which is ten miles/sixteen kilometers from the ground, is where all clouds and weather develop. It is also the layer of the atmosphere that distributes sunlight to make our sky look blue. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere, which extends further for 30 miles/48 kilometers. The stratosphere contains the ozone, which is a thin layer of gas that protects life on Earth from ultraviolet rays. The ionosphere is the final layer, containing extremely thin air. Our atmosphere is constantly moving, pushed by rising heat and prevailing winds. When the sun's energy hits the Earth's crust and water, it heats the Earth. Once the Earth's surface and water are heated, the heated air rises. As the heated air rises, it cools and grows heavy. Eventually it falls back down where the cycle begins again. Prevailing winds are created in part by the spin3

ning of Earth. The winds are broken into bands, which blow in opposite directions next to one another. These winds help create climates over broad regions. This swirling atmosphere, created by heat and prevailing winds, help spread heat and moisture around Earth. Heat and the Earth's rotation cause the oceans to form currents. Oceans also have tides, caused mainly by the moon's gravity. The moon's gravity pulls a bulge of the ocean water towards it slightly. This bulge travels with the moon as Earth spins quickly below. The moon's diameter is 1/4th the size of Earth's diameter. The moon's distinctive surface is actually craters that were created by meteorites. Earth may have looked similar to the moon at one time, but plate tectonics and erosion have erased most traces of Earth's history. The moon revolves around Earth and rotates on its axis in 29.5 days. Earth rotates on its axis in 24 hours, creating one day. Due to the 23.5 degree tilt in the Earth's axis, Earth's rotation around the sun (365 days) creates the seasons. For example, part of the year the North Pole leans towards the sun creating summer. When the North Pole leans away from the sun, the sunlight hours in the day grow shorter and the days become colder. Notes: * Underlined words are identified vocabulary words to enhance student understanding. ** Due to religious differences within classrooms, stress that this is the scientific explanation. *** This program teaches that there are three main layers to the atmosphere. Other resources may sight four or five. This is a good opportunity to discuss different modes of thought.

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VOCABULARY Earth molten nickel plates water troposphere bands moon

gravity rock crust sub-ducted currents stratosphere currents axis

accretion metal mantle rift atmosphere ozone oceans rotates

heat iron core upwelling erosion ionosphere tides prevailing winds

STUDENT OBJECTIVES After viewing the program and participating in the followup activities, students should be able to: • Define key terminology and utilize context. • Explain the three layers of the atmosphere and the components of each one. • Explain two or more ways plates move and the affect the Earth's geological make-up. • Explain the circulation of water through Earth's crust and atmosphere. • Explain the motion of Earth and moon, identifying axis rotation and revolution around other objects. • Explain the effect gravity has on objects on Earth and the moon's gravitational pull on Earth. INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES Before presenting this lesson to your students, we suggest that you preview the program, review the guide, and the accompanying blackline master activities in order to familiarize yourself with their content. As you review the materials presented in this guide, you may find it necessary to make some changes, additions or deletions to meet the specific needs of your class. We 5

encourage you to do so; for only by tailoring this program to your class will they obtain the maximum instructional benefits afforded by the materials. STUDENT PREPARATION You may want the students to view the vocabulary words addressed in the program prior to showing the program. This may be accomplished by implementing Blackline Master 1, Word Sort. A Word Sort is an active learning activity that introduce the students to vocabulary words to which they will be exposed in the program. By doing this activity, students are given the chance to show what words they know well, and become aware of the words they need to learn. This is a good pre- and post-activity. Procedure: This is best done in small groups. Divide students into groups of four to five. Explain that they must categorize the words. Once they have them categorized, they must explain to the class why they categorized words the way they did. You may also give students categories for which they divide the words. Here are some suggestions: accretion, earth's layers, water, atmosphere, moon, and plates. It is recommended to give students a time limit. Materials needed: One copy of Blackline Master 1 for each group, cut up into individual words. By exposing the students to vocabulary prior to viewing the program, students will be prepared to listen for these words in the program. Additionally, they will want to find the correct meaning. Note: Word Sort may be done at the conclusion of the entire lesson, to compare learning accomplished by students. 6

INTRODUCING THE PROGRAM An optional activity to activate prior knowledge is provided on Blackline Master 2, Anticipation Guide. This will help you determine the level of student comprehension prior to participating in this lesson. Ask students to share what they know about the scientific explanation of how Earth was formed, what the earth is made of, and the motions that naturally take place on Earth. For example, how Earth rotates on its axis. Tell them that they will complete the Anticipation Guide on Earth prior to viewing the program. Explain that they are not expected to get all answers correct, but they are expected to try their best. Go over the Anticipation Guide after viewing the program to discuss correct answers. An answer key begins on page 11 of this Teacher's Guide. Present the program.The program length is 18 minutes long, which includes the Video Quiz. FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES The following Blackline Master sheets are included with this guide. They correlate with the learning objectives outlined on page one of this guide. You may replicate and distribute them as needed. Following the program, students may have additional questions. The facilitator may want to hold off questions until follow-up activities are completed. Students may write these answers down and the class may review them prior to the post-test. By doing so, the students may find the answers on their own. This program concludes with a ten-question Video Quiz, which may be used to gauge student comprehension immediately after the presentation of the program. 7

Blackline Master 3, Video Quiz provides students with a printed copy of the Video Quiz. As a class, you may wish to discuss questions that appear on Blackline Master 4, Discussion Questions. These questions should be copied onto an overhead or distributed to students, in order to meet the needs of your visual learners. In order to reinforce vocabulary, review words from Blackline Master 1, Word Sort, as a class. Then have students fill out Blackline Master 5, Cloze Activity. This activity also covers the concept of Earth's atmosphere. To help students identify the effects of plates have students complete Blackline Master 6, What Are the Effects of Plates Moving on Earth's Surface? Students can start by filling out the Graphic Organizer individually. Once the students have done as much as possible on their own, have students put Two Heads Together in pairs. This active learning strategy allows students to pair up and teach one another what they know, and provides the opportunity to add to their own Graphic Organizer. This can be done again by putting Four Heads Together and so on. To practice the concept of the moon and Earth's constant motions, have students complete Blackline Master 7, Predictable Motions. This activity allows students to illustrate their knowledge of the Earth's and moon's constant rotations and revolutions. At the end of their illustrations are two comprehension questions, assessing if students understand the effects of these movements on Earth. To help students better understand how Earth is constantly renewing itself, use the writing activity Blackline 8

Master 8, Our Exercising Planet. This is a cooperative learning activity that gets students writing about atmosphere, plate movements, and water movements on Earth. It is suggested that answers be reviewed as a class to ensure that all students have the same concept. To conclude your study of A Spin in the Solar System: There's No Place Like Earth use Blackline Master 9, Post-Test. This should be given to your students after viewing the program and completing additional activities to assess their knowledge of the topic. EXTENDED LEARNING ACTIVITIES SCIENCE EXTENSIONS: Students can research different types of plate movements and the effect of each on the Earth's surface. Have students research different volcanoes or earthquakes. ART CONNECTION: Students can create 3-D models of the interior of Earth. Students may want to do further research for more details. MATH CONNECTION: Present a lesson on scale drawings. Then have students draw a scale drawing of the Earth's atmosphere or interior. CREATIVE WRITING CONNECTION: Students can write creative stories, poetry, or science fiction stories about the man in the moon. In addition, students can find different stories about the moon in their libraries. SOCIAL STUDIES CONNECTION: Research what the Earth looked like over the past 4.5 billion years. Direct students to look for drawings, articles, and books on Earth's past. Have a sharing session. TECHNOLOGY CONNECTION: Have students create questions based on the topics covered in this program. Type the list of questions for the entire class. Have the students research the Internet for answers to the questions. It may help if you assign students to specific questions. Have a sharing session at the conclusion of class. 9

INTERNET SITES http://quest.arc.nasa.gov (Nasa's K-12 internet initiative) http://www.nsta.org/ (National Science Teacher's Association) http://www.nasa.gov (NASA) http://www.sln.org/ (Science Learning Network) http://ajkids.com (Resource for students to use when searching the internet) http://K12.njin.net/educationlinks.html (Collaborative projects throughout the United States) http://www.smv.org/hastings/galaxy.html (Science Learning Network) REFERENCE MATERIALS The Origin Of The Universe. Andres L. Ruiz. Sterling Publishing Co., INC., NY. 1996. 0-8069-9744-3. Exploring The Reaches of the Solar System. Ray Spangenburg & Diane Moser. Fact on File, NY, Oxford, Sydney. 1990. 0-8160-1850-2. Merlin's Tour of the Universe. Neil de Grasse Tyson. Doubleday, NY. 1989. 0-385-48835-1. The Moon. Carmen Bredson. Franklin Watts: A Division of Grolier, NY, London, Hong Kong, Sydney, and Danburg, Connecticut. 1998. 0531-20308-5.

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ANSWER KEY Blackline Master 1, Word Sort Answers to the Word Sort will vary. When you use it before viewing the program, do not expect correct categorizing at the beginning of the lesson. After viewing the program and completion of Blackline Masters, expect correct categorizing. Blackline Master 2, Anticipation Guide 1. F; Earth is 93 million miles from the sun. 2. T 3. T 4. F; The crust has twenty sections called plates. 5. F; Water covers 2/3rds of Earth's surface. 6. T 7. T 8. F; Life on Earth started as single-celled organisms. 9. F; The troposphere is where weather and clouds develop. 10. T 11. T 12. F; The moon is large for Earth. It has 1/4th the diameter as Earth does. 13. F; The moon takes 29.5 days to revolve around Earth. 14. T 15. T Blackline Master 3, Video Quiz 1. 93 million miles / 148 million kilometers 2. 4.5 billion 3. mantle 4. core 5. plates 6. water 7. weather 8. gravity 11

9. 29.5 days 10. 15,000 miles / 24,000 kilometers Blackline Master 4, Discussion Questions 1. Earth was formed through the process of accretion. Gravity pulls space debris into a sphere. 2. The crust, mantle and core. 3. The crust is thin. It is made of rock. The mantle is hot, made of rock, and part of it is molten. The core is extremely hot. It is made of iron and nickel. 4. Plates float on the mantle. They may collide, uplift, sub duct (push down), and rift (spread apart). 5. Mountains, volcanoes, and earthquakes may form. 6. Plates moving help renew the Earth's crust. 7. Answers will vary. The students should discuss plate movement and earth's different layers in their answers. 8. The effect of gravity, currents in the ocean, and the moon's gravitational pull. 9. The movement of water helps carve the earth's surface and renews the earth's crust. Examples may include rivers, coastlines, or bays. 10. Answers will vary. Students may bring up environmental concerns. 11. Life started over 3 billion years ago when Earth had a chemically rich atmosphere and shallow seas. Chemicals joined, creating single celled organisms. These early organisms released oxygen into the atmosphere. From there, more complex life was created. 12. Heat and prevailing winds keep the atmosphere moving constantly. 13. Answers will vary. Students should include scientific observations of the moon's rotation on its axis and revolution around Earth. 14. Answers will vary. Gravity should be discussed. 15. Earth is tilted 23.5 degrees on its axis. This tilt, along with Earth's revolution around the sun creates seasons. Our day is determined by how long it takes Earth to rotate 12

around its axis once. A year is how long it takes Earth to revolve around the sun once. Blackline Master 5, Cloze Activity 1. crust 2. atmosphere 3. troposphere 4. weather 5. ozone 6. ionosphere

7. moving 8. prevailing winds 9. rises 10. Earth 11. directions

Blackline Master 6, What are the effects of plates moving on Earth's surface? Answers will vary. Encourage students to share their graphic organizers. Plates bumping one another can cause earthquakes. Uplifting plates can create mountains. Sub-ducting plates can cause volcanoes. Rifting plates can cause plates to spread and then lava fills in the cracks. Blackline Master 7, Predictable Motions Illustrations will vary. Make sure the illustrations are labeled correctly. The moon rotates around its axis and revolves around the Earth in 29.5 days. Earth rotates around its axis in 24 hours and revolves around the sun in 365 days. The moon's predictable motion creates tides in our oceans. Earth's predictable motions cause seasons. Note: If some students have a difficult time drawing, offer them a chance to act it out with manipulatives. Blackline Master 8, Our Exercising Planet The students' answers will vary. Highlight scientific responses. Encourage cooperative work. This is a great time to observe cooperative behavior and to grasp students' understanding of this concept. Water: The movement of water carves our planet's sur13

face through erosion. This slowly renews the Earth's crust. Crust: Earth's crust is broken into 20 plates. These plates float on the mantle, moving a few inches/centimeters a year. Plates can cause sudden changes in the Earth's surface or slowly evolving changes. For example, earthquakes occur when plates bump one another. When plates rift, a gentle upwelling of lava may fill in the gap. Atmosphere: the movement of heat and moisture around Earth helps maintain the different types of climates. BLACKLINE MASTER #9: Post-Test 1. A 6. B 2. C 7. D 3. D 8. B 4. B 9. C 5. A 10. D A Spin Around the Solar System: THERE'S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Script of Narration Ninety-three million miles, or 148 million kilometers,from the sun, past the orbits of Mercury and Venus, lies Earth, our home. Let's look at this special planet, inside, out, and beyond, in order to better understand where we live, and how we fit into the solar system. Earth formed about the same time as most of the solar system, 4.5 billion years ago. The Earth was made from gas, rocks, metal and other space debris left over from the formation of the sun. This debris collected together to make Earth through accretion. During accretion, gravity pulled space debris into a growing sphere, like someone making a big mud ball with a bunch of smaller ones. Accretion lasted about 100 million years for Earth and the other planets. After that, the orbit paths were mostly clear of debris. 14

Accretion created a lot of heat, making the new planet a soupy ball of molten, or melted rock and metal. In this liquid-like mass, heavier metals, such as iron and nickel, sank to the middle. Lighter, rock-forming materials, rose to the surface. Eventually some of the surface rock cooled to a crust. The crust now averages about 25 miles/40 kilometers thick over the continents and five miles/eight kilometers under the ocean floor. Compared to the diameter of Earth, this crust is very thin, about like the shell of an egg. Under the crust, we find the mantle, which is also made of rock. But the mantle is very hot. Parts of it are molten. The earth's deep interior, or core, is hotter still. The core is made mostly of iron and nickel which sank during accretion. While some of Earth's inner heat may be left over from accretion, heat is also created by the immense pressure squeezing the core. Additional interior heat comes from radioactive decay. Radioactive decay takes place with uranium and certain other materials found throughout Earth. Most planets have hot interiors. Earth's inside heat has little effect on its surface temperatures. On Jupiter, lots of interior heat reaches the surface, and Jupiter gives off more heat than it gets from the sun. The Earth's crust is broken into about 20 different sections called plates. The plates slowly drift on the mantle's molten rock, moving a few inches or centimeters a year. Plate movements over millions of years cause great changes in the Earths crust. Plate movements can also cause earthquakes. Earthquakes occur when plates bump one another. 15

Sometimes when plates collide, the edge of one of them may get uplifted. The uplifted plate folds and cracks into rugged mountains. The other plate edge may get sub ducted, or pushed down. This sub-ducted plate might melt from friction and mantle heat, and burp a volcano. Plates rift, or spread apart, as well. Where they rift a gentle volcano-like upwelling of lava may ooze into the gap. Most upwelling occurs in trenches under oceans. The lava soon hardens to a new crust. Through the cycle of sub-duction, uplifting, and upwelling, the Earth's crust slowly renews itself. The crust now holds seven continents. Long ago the continents looked much different. And in a hundred million years, the continents will look different again because of continued plate movement. Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by liquid water. Other planets, including Mars, have small amounts of water, but it is frozen, or hidden beneath the surface. Nearly all of Earth's water is in salty oceans. Just one percent is salt-free freshwater that we can drink. Earth's water moves constantly. It flows down hill, travels in currents in oceans and moves through the atmosphere in the water cycle. The movement of water carves our planet's surface through erosion. Erosion is another part of the rock cycle that slowly renews the earth's crust. Water also makes life on Earth possible. Life started over 3 billion years ago in a rich chemical soup provided by a 16

steamy atmosphere and warm shallow seas. The chemicals joined in all sorts of combinations, including some very special ones that formed the building blocks of life. For more than two billion years living things were mostly simple, single celled organisms. The early plants released oxygen into the atmosphere. Today, 21% of our atmosphere is oxygen. During the past few hundred million years, the variety and complexity of life has expanded greatly. Humans are a late addition to the planet, arriving around two million years ago, a blink of the eye compared to the Earth's 4.5 billion year history. Earth's atmosphere is just a thin layer around the planet. We divide the atmosphere into three main parts. From the ground up to about ten miles/16 kilometers, lies the troposphere. This is where our clouds and weather develop. The troposphere's dense air also scatters light from the sun to make our sky look blue. Above the troposphere, the stratosphere extends up about another 30 miles/48 kilometers. The stratosphere has an important layer of gas we call ozone. Ozone helps protect us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. Above the stratosphere lies a final layer of extremely thin air called the ionosphere. Our atmosphere moves constantly, pushed by two main forces. One is rising heat. Heat energy from the sun mostly passes through our atmosphere without warming it. But it warms the Earth's surface, which then gives off heat in a slightly different form. This heat from the ground or water does warm air. The heated air rises. But as it rises, it cools, grows heavy, and eventually it falls back down, where the cycle starts again. 17

The Earth also has global wind patterns called prevailing winds. Prevailing winds are created in part by the spinning of the Earth. Other planets with atmospheres have similar winds. The winds are broken into a number of bands. Bands next to each other have winds blowing in opposite directions. If one band has winds from the east, the next band has winds from the west. Prevailing winds help create climates, or general weather patterns, over broad regions. The swirling atmosphere helps spread heat and moisture around the Earth. Our oceans swirl, too. As with the atmosphere, heat and the Earth's rotation cause the oceans to form currents. Oceans also have a special movement called tides. Tides are caused mainly by the moon's gravity, which pulls a bulge of the ocean water towards it just slightly. This bulge travels with the moon while the Earth spins quickly below. Another bulge on the backside of the globe provides a second high tide each day. This backside bulge has water not much affected by the moon. Coastline shape has a big affect on local tide levels, which may range from just a few feet up to 40 feet or more. With a diameter one-fourth of Earth’s, the moon is quite large for our planet. The moon's distinctive face is carved by meteorite craters. Earth's surface at one time perhaps looked similar, but plate tectonics and erosion have erased most traces of the Earth's violent early history. The moon revolves around the Earth in 29.1/2 days, and it rotates once on its axis at the same time. As a result, we always see the same side of the moon. However, the amount of this face we see varies in phases as the moon circles the Earth. The Earth also rotates on its axis, but much faster than 18

the moon. Compared to the moon's 29.1/2 days, the Earth rotates in just 24 hours. As the Earth turns, people on the equator travel 1000 miles/1600 kilometers per hour, even when sitting still. . And everyone on Earth speeds along at 67,000 miles/ 107,000 kilometers per hour as the earth circles the sun on its orbit path. While we go around the sun, our seasons change. The Earth's axis leans 23 fi degrees. Part of the year, the north pole leans towards the sun, part of the year it leans away. When the pole leans away from the sun, days are shorter and the sun's ray spread out over a larger area. This means less energy from the sun for that part of the earth, and cold, winter weather. Even though Earth's surface temperatures vary more than 200 degrees Fahrenheit/110 Celsius, there is life almost everywhere. We search space for life elsewhere, but so far have found little evidence of it. Earth seems special. It's so varied, complex, and full of life. There is no place like it. There's No Place Like Earth VIDEO QUIZ Now that have viewed the video, let’s challenge your memory by answering some quiz questions. Fill in the blanks with the correct words. Good luck! 1) The earth is how far from the sun? 2) Scientists say the earth probably formed about ________ years ago. 3) Under the crust, we find the ______ , which is hot and partly molten. 4) The ________ is made of iron and nickel which sank to 19

the earth's middle during accretion. 5) The earth's crust is broken into about 20 different sections called __________ , which move and cause earthquakes. 6) Two-thirds of Earth's surface is covered by_________ . 7) Our __________ develops in the troposphere, the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. 8) The oceans have special movements called tides, which are caused by the pull of the moon's _________ . 9) The moon both revolves around the earth, and rotates around its axis in __________ . 10). The earth speeds along at 67.000 miles/107,000 kilometers per hour as it circles the sun. During this show you have travel about __________ .

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1 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Word Sort

gravity

accretion METAL

mantle

crust

nickel

rift

core

iron

tides

upwelling

currents

atmosphere

bands

ozone stratosphere ionosphere

rotates

axis

moon

currents

oceans

prevailing winds

© 2001 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.

2 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Anticipation Guide Directions: Answer the following questions by circling the correct response. Do your best! 1. Earth is 93 hundred miles from the sun.

True False

2. Accretion of Earth lasts about 100 million years.

True False

3. The core of Earth is made mostly of iron and nickel.

True False

4. The Earth's crust is broken into sections called bowls.

True False

5. Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered with land.

True False

6. Earth's water moves constantly.

True False

7. Erosion slowly renews the Earth's crust.

True False

8. Life started on Earth as multi-celled organisms.

True False

9. Earth's atmosphere contains the ionosphere; this is where weather and clouds develop.

True False

10. Our atmosphere constantly moves.

True False

11. The moon's gravity causes tides in the ocean.

True False

12. The moon is rather small for our planet.

True False

13. The moon revolves around the Earth in one day.

True False

14. Everyone on Earth moves at 67,000 miles/107,000 kilometers per hour as Earth circles the sun.

True False

15. Due to the 23.5-degree tilt of the Earth on its axis, we experience seasons.

True False

After viewing the program, review your answers. See how many questions you answered correctly. Review the ones you answered incorrectly.

© 2001 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.

3 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Video Quiz Directions: Now that you have viewed the video, let's challenge your memory by answering some quiz questions. Fill in the blanks with the correct words. Good luck!

1. The Earth is how far from the sun?

___________________

2. Scientists say the Earth probably formed about ____________________ years ago.

3. Under the crust, we find the _______________________ , which is hot and partly molten.

4. The _______________________ is made of iron and nickel which sank to the Earth's middle during accretion.

5. The Earth's crust is broken into about 20 different sections called ________________ , which move and cause earthquakes.

6. Two-thirds of the Earth's surface is covered by ___________________.

7. Our ________________________ develops in the troposphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere.

8. The oceans have special movements called tides, which are caused by the pull of the moon's __________________ .

9. The moon both revolves around the Earth, and rotates around its axis in ___________________ .

10. The Earth speeds along at 67,000 miles/107,000 kilometers per hour as it circles the sun. During this show, you have traveled about ________________________ .

© 2001 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.

4 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Discussion Questions Directions: Answer the followig questions as directed by your teacher. 1. How was Earth formed? 2. What are the three main parts of Earth? 3. Describe each part of the Earth. 4. The Earth's crust is broken into 20 plates. What do these plates do? 5. What can be some of the affects of plates moving on Earth's crust? 6. Plates' moving on the mantle is a natural process. What reason(s) do you think Earth has this process? 7. The crust is about 25miles/40 kilometers thick. Do you think that the drilling that humans do affects the make-up of Earth in any way? Explain your thinking. 8. How does water move constantly? 9. What are the effects of water constantly moving on earth? Give examples. 10. Should humans be concerned that only one percent of Earth's water is drinkable? 11. According to scientists, how did life begin on Earth? 12. Why is the Earth's atmosphere constantly moving? 13. How do you think scientists formed the theory that the moon's gravitational pull created tides in the oceans? 14. Earth spins quickly on its axis and revolves quickly around the sun. Why do we not feel this on Earth? 15. Why do we have seasons, days, and years?

© 2001 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.

5 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Our Moving Atmosphere: Cloze Activity

Directions: Choose the correct word from the word box to complete the paragraph below.

ozone ionosphere weather rises

atmosphere moving troposphere prevailing winds directions crust

Earth

Earth is made up of a core, mantle, and a (1.)__________________ . There is a protective bubble around the Earth called the (2.) ___________________ . This protects the earth from harmful energies in outer space. The atmosphere is made up of three layers. The (3.)____________________ extends ten miles/18 kilometers from the ground up. This is where (4.) _____________________ and clouds are formed. The troposphere's dense air also scatters light from the sun and makes the sky blue. Above the troposphere is the stratosphere. The stratosphere has an important layer of gas called the (5.) _______________________ . This protects us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. Above the stratosphere is the (6.)________________________ , where the air is extremely thin. Our atmosphere is constantly (7.) ______________________ . There are two main forces pushing the atmosphere around, rising heat, and (8.) _____________________ . When the sun hits the Earth's surface, the surface is heated which creates warm air. This warm air (9.) ___________________ and then falls when it is cooled. ________________ .

The prevailing winds are created partly by the spinning (10.)

These winds are broken into bands that blow in opposite (11.)

_________________________ . The swirling atmosphere helps spread heat and moisture around the Earth.

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6 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH What Are the Effects of Plates Moving on Earth’s Surface? Sub-ducted Plates

Uplifting Plates

Rifting Plates

Plates Bumping into Each Other

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7 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Predictable Motions The moon and Earth have predictable motions. One motion is rotating around an axis and the other motion is revolving around other objects. Make an illustration below that demonstrates the Earth's and moon's predictable motions. Include the amount of time it takes to do each. Answer the questions below when you have completed your pictures.

1. How does the moon's predictable motion affect Earth?

2. How does Earth's predictable motion affect the moon?

© 2001 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.

8 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Our Exercising Planet

Similar to humans, Earth is constantly moving, trying to keep in good shape. These movements help Earth maintain Earth's composition. Explain below how water, the Earth's crust, and the atmosphere keep the Earth in good shape. With a partner, write about each category. Include as many facts as you can. You may view the program again or use additional resources that you may have in your classroom. Use complete sentences and double-check your work! Water:

Crust:

Atmosphere:

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9 Name ________________ THERE’S NO PLACE LIKE EARTH Post-Test Directions: Answer the following questions by circling the correct answer. Remember to double-check your work for accuracy after you have completed the test. Do your best! 1. Earth's core is made up of what materials? A. Iron and nickel B. Oil and water C. Gases and rock D. Only rock 2. Earth is composed of a crust, core and _____________. A. atmosphere B. water C. mantle D. ionosphere 3. Plate movement can cause which of the following? A. Volcanoes B. Earthquakes C. Mountains D. All of the above 4. Accretion is which process? A. The process of asteroids forming. B. The process through which Earth and other planets were formed billions of years ago. C. The process of how a comet is formed. D. The process for how meteors hit Earth's surface. 5. Movement of water carves our planet's surface? A. True B. False 6. The atmosphere has how many layers? A. two B. three C. four D. five 7. The atmosphere moves constantly because of which forces? A. Gravity and inertia B. Plate movement C. Water movement D. Heat and prevailing winds 8. The stratosphere contains which important layer of gas? a. carbon dioxide b. ozone c. oxygen d. nitrogen 9. The moon's gravitational pull causes what on Earth? A. the atmosphere to move B. the plates to move C. the water to move 10. What causes seasons on Earth? A. water movement B. The Earth's revolution around the sun. C. The tilt of the Earth on its axis. D. both B & C

© 2001 Maslowski Wildlife Productions Published and Distributed by United Learning All rights to print materials cleared for classroom duplication and distribution.