The Role of the Church in Medieval Europe Chapter 3

What are you going to learn? O In this lesson, you will learn about the

Roman Catholic Church's influence on life in medieval Europe. You will “visit” six medieval sites, such as the Church Cathedral in franc and the University of Bologna in Italy, to learn about the church's influence. You will also create an illustrated poem describe what you've learned.

Preview O Complete the preview on ISN pg

15 O The most prominent building in medieval European town was the church, which reflects its importance in people‘s daily lives during the Middle Ages

3.1 Introduction pg 31 O Center of Medieval life as the church O Church bells rang out the hour, every town had

one O Religious services held several times a day O Town meetings, plays, concerts were held O Merchants had shops around the church O Markets, festivals, fairs were held there too O Education for some O Explained world events – death, storms, famine, etc.

3.1 Introduction pg 31 O Church taught a person salvation, saving of

one’s soul O In this chapter you will learn how the church began to grow and discover how the church affected people’s daily lives during the Middle Ages

Page 31 Graphic Organizer O What do you see? O What is unique about the large letter on the paper? O Why do you think the page is drawn this way? O Illuminated manuscript – copied these such as the Bible

and prayers O First letter was ornate and large O You will used illuminated manuscripts to record info about the Roman Catholic church

3.2 The Christian Church Takes Shape O Read pages 32-33 and take notes on page 16 of your O O

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ISN Important legacies of ancient Rome Christians are follower of Jesus Jesus was put to death on a cross and rose again to save people from their sins Christians believe Jesus is the son of God

3.2 The Christian Church Takes Shape O Initially Romans Persecuted (caused them to suffer) O O

O O O

Christians for their beliefs Constantine allowed Christians to practice Roman Catholic Church – start of Middle Ages Collapse of Rome the church helped keep society stable Monasteries (monks) helped many people after fall of Rome – refuges and travelers; copied old texts This helped bring converts to the Christian faith

3.2 The Christian Church Takes Shape O Developed a governmental type system to run the O O

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church Clergy has rank Pope – highest Cardinals – next highest, help the pope Archbishops – next, see large areas called archdioceses Bishops – dioceses – great cathedrals Priests – serve a parish

3.2 The Christian Church Takes Shape O Economically powerful O 1050- largest landholder in Europe O Gifts from monarchs and wealthy lords and some was

taken by force O Tithe – tax each person gives – adds to wealth O Latin – official church language allowed church officials to be powerful because they spoke and read it

3.2 The Christian Church Takes Shape O Pope Gregory and Henry IV O Henry didn’t like Gregory was ruling O Henry declared Gregory was no longer in charge O Gregory excommunicated Henry (kicked him out of the

church) O Gregory proved his authority O Future popes would fight over rights of the church versus rights of the states

Map O What do you see here? O What do the names on the map

represent?

Map O In what regions are the cities located? O What does this say about the

influence of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages?

3.3 Sacraments and Salvation O Most people believed in an after life and in God – soul O O

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lives on after a body’s death Salvation by following teachings and being moral If you didn’t you would suffer in hell 7 sacraments was essential to gaining salvation Most important occasions of a person’s life Note page 34 in textbook

3.4 Pilgrimages and Crusades O Pilgrimage – visit holy site, long distance O Visited relics- object that is holy because it belonged to

a saint O Showed devotion to God O Pilgrimages were difficult – showed dedication O Monks set us hostels and special roads and bridges along popular routes to make it easier

3.4 Pilgrimages and Crusades O Canterbury Tales – amusing tales of a group of pilgrims

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traveling together: knight, miller, cook, prioress (head of a community of nuns) Fighting in crusades – military expeditions to the land where Jesus lived – Holy Land Was under Muslim control and Christians wanted it Some went for wealth and adventure or to guarantee salvation Many felt deeply that they had to act out of religious feeligns

3.5 Art and Architecture O Art – religious purposes O People didn’t read so the art told a story O Cathedrals – large churches headed by bishops –

inspired awe. Tallest buildings in town O Gothic style – rising to heaven, flying buttresses – arches that were huge O Gargoyles – Gothic cathedrals – carved in the form of beasts to warn them that devils and spirits would catch them if they didn’t obey O Picture page 36

3.5 Art and Architecture O Inside Gothic cathedrals is huge – lined with pillars

and decorated religious symbols O Stained glass windows – taught people stories from the Bible O Took 50-100 years to complete and constructed by hand O Could take 200 years to completely finish a cathedral

3.6 Education O Schooling took place in monasteries, convents and O O O O

O

cathedrals Charlemagne established this – encouraged people to read/write Scholars started a new form of writing – including lower case letters – made writing easier Clergy were most likely to be educated Memorized prayers and passages in Latin Cathedral schools started universities

3.6 Education O Schooling took place in monasteries, convents and O O O O

O

cathedrals Charlemagne established this – encouraged people to read/write Scholars started a new form of writing – including lower case letters – made writing easier Clergy were most likely to be educated Memorized prayers and passages in Latin Cathedral schools started universities

3.6 Education O Studied Latin, logic, geometry, arithmetic, astronomy,

music O Books were hand copied and rare so teachers read to students O Church taught to be guided by faith – uneasy about ancient texts O Aristotle taught reason was path to knowledge – church was afraid this would lead to people questioning the Church’s teachings

3.6 Education O Thomas Aquinas – scholar of philosophy and theology O Tried to bridge the gap between reason and faith O Reason, he believed helped people discover important

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truths about God Faith revealed its own truths about God Wrote logical arguments Natural law – order built into nature that could guide people’s writings – right or wrong Teachings were accepted and promoted by the church

3.7 Holidays O Festivals and fairs – important days of the year O Most celebrations were connected to the church O Everyday was dedicated to a Christian saint O Holy days – “Holidays” -origin of the word

O Christmas and Easter O No trees but people decorated, went to church and had

a feast O Easter – Christ's resurrection – feasting, games, O Music, dancing and food were a part of medieval holidays

3.7 Holidays O Other favorite holidays and entertainment were

bonfires, acrobatics, jugglers and dancing bears O Plays were popular – sometime acted out the Bible and the life of Jesus

3.8 Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants

O Some people promised to devote their lives to God O Monks – men who joined monasteries – devoted to O O O

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prayer and service Seeking refuge or to study or like the quiet life of prayer St. Benedict – developed monastic way of life Benedictine Rule – poverty, chastity (never to marry), obedience (obey their leaders) Prayed, studied, worked – 8 church services a day Cared for sick and poor and copied religious texts

3.8 Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants

O Cloister – covered walk way surrounding an open O O O O

space Illuminated manuscripts – rare documents monks copied Nuns lived in convents – did much of the same work monks performed Many nuns were important reformers and thinkers Mendicants – wanted to live a religious live without the seclusion of a monastic order

3.8 Monks, Nuns, and Mendicants

O Francis of Assisi – born to a wealthy Italian family O Friars – traveled among ordinary people to preach and

care for the poor and sick O Lived in poverty