Chapter 17, Section 1
The Renaissance Begins (Pages 608–615)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about these questions as you read: • Why did the Renaissance begin in Europe? • How did Italy’s city-states grow wealthy?
As you read pages 611–615 in your textbook, complete this chart to show the reasons Italian city-states grew wealthy.
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Wealth Grows in City-States
Chapter 17, Section 1
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The Italian Renaissance
(pages 609–610)
As you read, complete the diagram below to show the relationship between the growth of cities and the beginning of the Renaissance.
Effect/Cause Cause
________________
Effect
Italy’s population becomes more urban
________________
________________
________________
Define or describe the following terms from this lesson.
Renaissance
secular
Briefly describe the following places.
Venice
Define this academic vocabulary word from this lesson.
individual
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Chapter 17, Section 1
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Florence
Why did the Renaissance start in Italy?
The Rise of Italy’s City-States
(pages 611–613)
Before you read, look at the headings and terms in the passage. Then write four questions. Find answers to your questions as you read. Revise your questions if the answer is not found in the reading. 1.
2.
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3.
4.
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Explain why these people are important.
Marco Polo
Medici
Define these academic vocabulary words from this lesson.
network
publish
Use each of these terms that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.
peninsula (Chapter 4, Section 1)
How did Florence and the Medici family become so wealthy?
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Chapter 17, Section 1
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city-state (Chapter 1, Section 2)
The Urban Noble
(pages 614–615) What is your personal response to Machiavelli’s ideas about government? Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not? Present your response to Machiavelli in a brief paragraph.
Define or describe the following term from this lesson.
diplomacy
Use each of these terms that you studied earlier in a sentence that reflects the term’s meaning.
republic
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(Chapter 8, Section 1)
dictator (Chapter 8, Section 2)
How were medieval and Renaissance nobles different?
Chapter 17, Section 1
325
Now that you have read the section, write the answers to the questions that were included in Setting a Purpose for Reading at the beginning of the lesson. Why did the Renaissance begin in Europe?
How did Italy’s city-states grow wealthy?
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Chapter 17, Section 1
Name
Class
Date
VOCABULARY ACTIVITY 17-1
The Renaissance Begins: Words to Know Directions: Select a term or name from the box to answer each question below. Write the term or name in the blank next to each question. You may use a term or name more than once. diplomacy Marco Polo
Florence Renaissance
Venice secular
Medici
1. What is the art of negotiating, or making deals, with other countries called? 2. Who was a merchant who made a journey to China in the 1270s?
3. What city was built on swampy islands and had canals for streets?
4. What was the name of Florence’s richest family? 5. What city became wealthy from trading cloth and from banking? 6. What term refers to people who are more interested in this world than in religion and getting to heaven? 7. What was the wealthiest city-state?
Building Academic Vocabulary SECTION 17-1
Directions: Study the example for the academic vocabulary word below. Then answer the questions that follow. You may use a dictionary to help you. network, noun Example: The Mongol empire united almost all of Asia into one vast trade network.
9. What is a network? 10. What networks are you most familiar with?
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8. What are the years from 1350 to 1550 in European history called?
Name
Date
Class
GUIDED READING ACTIVITY 17-1
The Renaissance Begins Directions: Filling in the Blanks Reading the section and completing the sentences below will help you learn more about the beginning of the Renaissance period. Refer to your textbook to fill in the blanks. The period of time between the years 1350 and 1550 is called the , meaning “rebirth.” During this time period,
(1)
many Europeans showed a renewed interest in (2) and learning. They began to believe in the importance of the and became more (4)
(3)
,
which means more interested in this world than in religion and getting to heaven. The Renaissance began in (5)
for many
reasons. First, it had been the center of the (6) Second, its cities were very (7)
. . Finally, the region
was divided into small (8)
, which created compe-
tition among them in the arts. Because of Italy’s location on the (9) it became wealthy due to (10)
. The also helped the Italians by giving them contact
(11)
with the Arabs. Additionally, the (12)
united Asia
into a great trade network. Asia was of great interest to Europeans because of (13)
’s book, which told of his travels there.
At first, many of the city-states were (14)
,
meaning that they were controlled by the people. Eventually, they
SECTION 17-1
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,
were governed by a head of state. The city-states learned (15)
to deal with the city-states around them.
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Name
Class
Date
GEOGRAPHY
AND
HISTORY ACTIVITY 17
Diverting the Arno River The city of Florence, Italy, lies on the Arno River about 55 miles (89 km) from the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Pisa lies near the mouth of the Arno River. Pisa served as Florence’s seaport for many years. In the late 1490s, however, Pisa declared its independence from Florence, and the two cities went to war. Leonardo da Vinci, the famous artist and inventor, was the official engineer for Florence. In 1503, he met with Niccolò Machiavelli, an adviser to Florence’s rulers. The two men devised a plan to divert the flow of the Arno River away from the city of Pisa. The men hoped to shut off Pisa’s water supply and cut the city off from the sea.
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Preventing Floods
CHAPTER 17
Leonardo had been trying to find a way to prevent the Arno from flooding. Heavy rainfall in the mountains where the river began would cause the river to overflow its banks further downstream. Florence suffered great damage each time this happened. It was thought the plan to divert the Arno away from Pisa might help control the flooding. Leaders were also looking for a way to create a canal that would give Florence direct access to the sea. With Machiavelli’s help, Leonardo convinced Florence’s governing body to fund the project. His plan was to dig a series of ditches above Pisa that would redirect the river’s flow away from the city. Leonardo drew detailed maps, designed a digging machine, and determined how many men were needed for the work. Then he turned his plans over to another engineer named Colombino.
The Arno River N
APEN Mediterranean Sea 0
15 miles
0
15 kilometers
Pisa
NIN
ES
E
W S
Florence R. Arno
TUSCANY
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Name
GEOGRAPHY
Class
Date
AND
HISTORY ACTIVITY 17
(continued)
Diverting the Arno River The Plan Fails
CHAPTER 17
Colombino did not follow Leonardo’s original plan. The ditches he had dug were too narrow and shallow. He used fewer workers than Leonardo had recommended. He also never built the digging machine. Before the project was finished, a storm caused the walls of the ditches to collapse. The river returned to its original course, and the leaders in Florence ordered the project abandoned after six months. Although the plan was a failure, a number of important advances developed from it. Among these advances were Leonardo’s hand-drawn maps of the region surrounding Florence. Because the maps were so detailed, Leonardo is considered one of the founders of modern cartography, or map making. Leonardo also designed a plan to use the power of the Arno to produce textiles, pottery, paper, and other goods. Another of his plans involved a system of canals and locks that would allow boats to travel farther inland. While most of Leonardo’s plans were not completed during his lifetime, they served as the basis for important future developments. Directions: Answer the questions below in the spaces provided. 1. Why did Leonardo da Vinci want to divert the Arno River?
3. In which direction does the Arno flow? 4. Describe Leonardo’s plans for diverting the river. Why did they fail?
5. Inferring Why do you think Colombino did not follow Leonardo’s plan?
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2. About how many miles is it from Florence to Pisa? From Florence to the Mediterranean Sea?
