THE RAIL MARKET IN TURKEY 2015
B R O O K S
M A R K E T
I N T E L L I G E N C E
R E P O R T S
THE RAIL MARKET IN TURKEY 2015
Brooks Events Ltd © 2015. All rights reserved. A Brooks Reports Publication No guarantee can be given as to the correctness and/or completeness of the information provided in this document. Users are recommended to verify the reliability of the statements made before making any decisions based on them. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any binding, cover or electronic format other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser /borrower.
B R O O K S
M A R K E T
I N T E L L I G E N C E
R E P O R T S
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. TURKEY – OVERVIEW
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Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti)
5
Ministry of Transport and Communications
6
Railway regulation in Turkey
7
2. THE STATE RAIL OPERATOR – TCDD
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TCDD – The parent company
8
3. TURKEY’S RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE
9
TCDD network characteristics
9
International railway projects
12
Domestic high-speed rail projects
15
Other infrastructure projects (conventional lines)
19
Electrification/Signalling and Telecommunications (S&T) projects
21
Track renewal
23
Rail access to developing ports
23
4. TCDD OPERATION AND FLEET
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TCDD Taşımacılığı
25
Passenger operations
25
Freight operations
27
TCDD traction and rolling stock
33
5. URBAN RAIL, METRO AND TRAM NETWORKS
38
Adana
38
Ankara
38
Antalya
41
Bursa
42
Eskişehir
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Gaziantep
44
Istanbul
44
Izmir
52
Izmit
54
Kayseri
54
Konya
55
Samsun
55
6. THE RAILWAY SUPPLY INDUSTRY IN TURKEY
57
TCDD subsidiaries
57
Private sector companies
59
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INTRODUCTION The expansion and modernisation of Turkey’s railway network is viewed by the country’s government as playing a pivotal role in the continuing development of one of the world’s successful economies. The construction of high-speed lines linking major centres, upgrading convention lines to support rapid industrial development and providing improved access to ports all feature in ongoing investment programmes. There are also projects to establish international rail links that reflect Turkey’s geographical location at a crossroads between east and west. These programmes are all creating significant opportunities for suppliers – both within the country’s increasingly capable domestic industry and for foreign companies offering specialised products and skills. Alongside these network developments, the government is implementing a process of structural reform of Turkey’s railways to create a model that matches contemporary European practice, with open access and at least some privatisation very much in prospect, generating further investment possibilities. This report outlines the characteristics of Turkey’s existing rail network and lists the principal enhancement projects currently planned. It also examines the current activities of the national railway company, TCDD, including details of its traction and rolling stock fleet. And it provides the latest information of the rail sector reform process currently under way. Urban rail is benefiting from investments made possible by a strong economy too. These are aimed at stemming the escalating growth of car use in cities to cut congestion and meet environmental targets. The report summarises the rapid growth of metro, light rail and tram developments in 12 cities in Turkey, and outlines current plans for the further expansion of these networks. Aimed at the railway supply industry, consultants and analysts, The Rail Market in Turkey – 2015 provides a concise and timely overview of the direction of one of the most dynamic markets in this sector, and includes numerous website links to enable users of the report to carry out additional research on the organisations featured.
September 2015
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TURKEY’S RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE TCDD NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS The high-speed network The extent of the TCDD 1,435 mm gauge high-speed network grew from 197 km (route length) and 397 km (track length) in 2009 to 588 km (route length) and 1,213 km (track length) in 2014. It is completely electrified at 25 kV 50 Hz, entirely double-track and is equipped with ETCS Level 1 and the domestic ATP system. UIC 60 E1 rail is used together with B 70 concrete sleepers, and the infrastructure has a 22.5 tonne axle-load. In 2014 the network comprised: (Ankara)-Sincan-Eskişehir (221 route-km); Polatlı-Konya (212 km); and Eskişehir-Pendik (155 km), plus sidings. There were 35 tunnels totalling 43,839 m, 27 viaducts (14,543 m) and 953 bridges and culverts (2,382 m).
The conventional network This is 1,435 mm gauge. In 2014 route length of main lines was 8,334 km, of which 1,695 km were electrified (25 kV AC 50 Hz). Secondary and branch lines measured 432 km, none of these electrified. Total track length was 11,272 km, of which 2,535 km were electrified. There are 35 substations (trafo merkezi) serving the electrified network, and 113 telephone exchanges (telefon santrali). The Ministry of Transport has plans for the expansion of the conventional network to 10,556 km by the end of 2018, and to 12,770 km by the republic’s centenary year of 2023. Most of the new lines to be built will be mainly for freight traffic, and to increase capacity. The following stretches of line are multiple track (2014): ■■ Sirecki-Halkalı 28.3 km ■■ Haydarpaşa-Uzunkum 126.8 km ■■ Alayunt-Kütahya10.2 km ■■ Izmir-Aliağa 24.9 km ■■ Izmir-Cumaovası 21.3 km ■■ Ankara-Sanayi 29.9 km ■■ Ankara-Kayaş 12.3 km ■■ Adana-Mersin 68.4 km Of the 8,903 km of conventional route (length specified by TCDD in 2014) 17.1% is on curves of between 200 and 500 m radius, 12.4% on curves of between 501 and 1,000 m radius, 2.4% on curves of between 1,001 and 1,500 m radius, 2.3% on curves of between 1,501 and 2,000 m radius, 1.5% on curves over 2,000 m radius and 64.3% (5,722 km) on straight track. On the same 8,903 km of conventional route 15.8% is level. 38.5% is on gradients of between 1.0 and 5.0‰, 20.2% on gradients of between 5.1 and 10.0‰, 16% is on gradients of between 10.1 and 15.0‰, 6.8% on gradients of between 15.1 and 20.0‰, and 2.8% (220 km) on gradients of over 20‰.
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Of the 8,903 km, 0.9% (76 km) are passed for an axle load of between 13 and 13.5 tonnes, 0.9% (80 km) for 15 to 15.5 tonnes, 2.4% (214 km) for 20 tonnes, and the remaining 95.8 % (8,533 km) for 22.5 tonnes. In 2014 57.8 % (5,150 km) of the network had rail between 0 and10 years old, 18.5% (1,648) between 11 and 20 years, 16.8% (1,500 km) between 21 and 30 years, and 6.8% (605 km) over 30 years old. 218 km (2.4%) of rail was under 46.3 kg/m, 264 km (3.0%) was 46.3 kg/m, 5,090 km (57.2%) was 49.05 kg/m, and 3,331 km (37.4%) was 60 kg/m (or UIC rail). 69 km (0.8%) of the network had steel sleepers, 520 km (5.8%) wooden sleepers and 8,314 km (93.4%) concrete sleepers. Turkey was the second European country to opt for 25 kV 50 Hz electrification, which began in the mid-1950s, the Sirkeci-Halkalı suburban line in Istanbul being inaugurated on 4 December 1955, only two years after the pioneer Aix-les-Bains–La-Roche-sur-Foron line in southern France was converted from 20 to 25 kV 50 Hz.
TCDD ELECTRIFIED LINES (2014) Line section
Route- km
Line section
Route- km
236
Menemen-Aliağa
26
Pehlivanköy-Greek border
30
Alsancak-Basmane
3
Pehlivanköy-Bulgarian border
68
Cumaovası-Tepeköy
30
1
Divriği-Çetinkaya
66
Sirkeci-Pehlivanköy
Mandıra-Kırklareli Tekirdağ-Muratlı
31 Çetinkaya-Hekimhan
72
Marmaray
14
Hekimhan-Malatya
73
Haydarpaşa-Arifiye
132
Malatya-Narlı
182
Arifiye-Eskişehir
177
Narlı-Fevzipaşa
69
Eskişehir-Polatlı
167 Fevzipaşa-Toprakkale
63
Eskişehir-Enveriye
4
Toprakkaleİskenderun
60
Arifiye-Adapazarı
9
Adana-Toprakkale
2
Polatlı-Ankara
87
Narlı-Gaziantep
1
Ankara-Kayaş
13
FevzipaşaSyrian border at Meydanekbez
1
AlsancakAdnanmenderes
23
KöprüağzıKahramanmaraş
1
Basmane-Manisa
34
Pınarbaşı-Konya
20
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