Chris Butters

GAIA

Gaia+4 Norsk International

KULTURAS MANTOJUMS MUSDIENU IZAICINAJUMS Riga, Ceturtdiena 9.sept 2010 [email protected] t. +47 9936 0976

GAIA: deep green

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

ISS, University of Oslo:

Energy Planning and Sustainable Development

Fossil fuels and climate

The issues of climate and energy can pose a threat to cultural heritage. But what is real sustainability ?

Chris Butters

GAIA International Consultants

GAIA

how do we evaluate

SUSTAINABILITY ? ecology

society

economy

- the

VALUE MAP Value Map

Sustainability Value Map

Sustainability Value Map – Integr.des. CB

Environment

Residents Technology

Bar chart ecoprofiles, Netherlands Danish Økoprofil

Japanese ”3-star” concept (… the. ”underpants” system) Ecoviikki, Finland

Various ecoprofile systems developed in the 1990’s – not always very useful, and not holistic (only addressing the ecology part of sustainability)

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Økoprofil

Sustainability Value Map

Økoprofil based on ”wind rose” NORWEGIAN ECOPROFILE SYSTEM Sintef, study for Kvernhuset Ungdomsskole Fredrikstad / Karin Buvik 1998 Norsk Økoprofil-modellen GRIP/Økobygg

Chris Butters

Kopi av CB PP Limtre kake.jpg

GAIA International

Arup engl

Sustainability Value Map

ARUP’s ”SPeaR” evaluation system Arup Associates www.arup.com

Why does transport appear in 2 places? System of ”traffic light” colours … but what does light blue mean?

Chris Butters

Anything really excellent (dark green) gets hidden by the arrows !!

… and is smaller geometrically too

GAIA International

Stjernhav Vindrose

Sustainability Value Map

SWEDEN: Malmø Bo-01, Evalueringsmetodikk - bærekraft-profil - ”vindrose” Oppfølging av Kvalitetsprogrammet som overordnet styringsverktøy Värderos med 26 aspekter på hållbarhet (Tham, 1997) – ur Hållbarhet i boplatsens plan och bebyggelse. Amelie Stjernhav, Malmö stadsbyggnadskontor 2002

1 25

26

3

2

3

24 1 Planmönster och byggnadsvolymer som hindrar vindens framfart och främjar lä 23 2 Tät, yteffektiv struktur.Stor andel sydvända hus 3. Främjande av dagsljusbelysning 22 4. Mycket vegetation i parker och intill bostadshusen 5. Bra förutsättningar för plantering 6. Stöd för biologisk mångfald 21 7. Gång- och cykeltrafik prioriterade 8. Korta effektiva bilvägar och effektiv kollektivtrafik 20 9. Effektiv hushållning med förnyelsebara material i mark och hus 10.Minsta möjliga användande av icke förnyelsebara resurser 11. Sunda material i mark och hus, minsta möjliga miljöbelastning 19 12. Framhävandet av platsens unika identitet och kvaliteter 13. Stark, tydlig övergripande ordning i stadsplanen 18 14. Tydliga revir, tydliga gränser mellan det som ska uppfattas som offentligt respektive, mellan halvprivat och privat, mellan privat resp. privat 17 15. Stark, egen identitet i del och helhet – hemmet, kvarteret, gatan, torget, parken, boplatsen 16. Begriplighet i struktur, form, funktion som möjliggör delaktighet för boplatsens befolkning 17. Komplexitet och informationsrikedom 18. Mystik, överraskning, möjligheter att gå vilse, hitta vilse 19. Skönhet och behag – högsta klass på arkitektur och stadsrum, i helhet och detalj 20. Behovet av kontakt med andra människor och rätten till ensamhet 21. Ett brett utbud av olika bostadstyper 22. Ett brett utbud av upplåtelseformer 23. Flera fastighetsägare i varje kvarter 24. Möjlighet att etablera verksamheter (kommersiella, sociala) i kvarteren 25. Många olika typer av platser för möten, och för ensamhet, i det offentliga rummet 26. Många olika typer av platser för möten, och för ... obs feil !

Chris Butters

4 2

5 6

1

7 0 8 9 10 11 16

15

13

12

14

0 – not evaluated 1 - poor 2 - reasonable 3 - good

GAIA International

Sustainability Value Map

LEED system (USA) LEED-ND for good neighbourhood development

In the USA this tends to be middle class suburbs a la New Urbanism

But social and aesthetic ”qualities” can’t really be defined, prescribed or measured in fine detail … Chris Butters LEED ND

GAIA International

Value Map E,E,S

Sustainability Value Map

organism-function-environment (Frederic Le Play – ca.1850)

Criteria for sustainability:

folk-work-place (Patrick Geddes – ca.1890)

1. ECOLOGY

Environmental, material aspects – quantifiable parameters

2. ECONOMY / PROCESS

Organisation, lifecycle, finance – structures, methods, tools

3. SOCIETY

Community and human aspects – qualitative parameters

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Sustainability Value Map

Sustainability Value Map – Integr.des. CB

The Value Map of sustainability ECOLOGY ECONOMY SOCIETY Chris Butters GAIA International

The Value Map visualises the goal that all architecture and city planning should fulfil the three conditions of sustainability Chris Butters

GAIA International

Sust- Le Play - Geddes

Sustainability Value Map

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Ecology, economy and community Holistic thinking and planning: Organism

Function

Environment

Frederic Le Play, 19th C sociologist

Folk

Work

Place

Patrick Geddes, 1900, biologist/planner

Society

Technology

Nature

1970’s: ”alternative technology” 1980’s: systems thinking 1990’s: savings + management 2000: sustainable society

Another widespread version

shift in focus

… sustainable development is equity extended into the future (Herman Daly) … democracy in which nature also has a vote … to harmonise man and his works with the cosmos (Vaastu Sastra)

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Ecology parameters

Sustainability Value Map

SUSTAINABILITY PARAMETERS: ECOLOGY LAND USE: effective space use, density, footprint

BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN: localisation, orientation, climatics, building layout BIODIVERSITY: ecological landscaping, green profile, land productivity ENERGY: minimal consumption, energy recovery, renewable energy WATER CYCLES: rainwater, runoff, waste treatment, water saving technology MATERIAL CYCLES: construction materials, waste management, building re-use

TRANSPORTS: collective, energy-efficient, non polluting transports HEALTH: outdoor and indoor environment, noise, healthy ventilation THE PARAMETERS FOR ECOLOGY WILL BE SIMILAR FOR MOST PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE VALUE MAP

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Economy parameters

Sustainability Value Map

SUSTAINABILITY PARAMETERS: ECONOMY COSTS: affordability, life cycle costing

o ik os + n om os

FUNCTIONALITY: practical needs and functions (individual and collective) ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: employment, diversity of work, varied economic base FINANCIAL STRUCTURES: opportunity, equity, secure tenure, credit systems

SERVICES: both type and localisation: school, commerce, culture etc. COMMUNICATION: high information density, efficiency, transparency MANAGEMENT: governance, partnerships, user involvement, maintenance FLEXIBILITY: adaptability to change over time THE WORD ”ECONOMY” MEANS MANAGEMENT, HOUSEKEEPING – NOT ONLY MONEY AND THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM OF A SOCIETY

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Society parameters

Sustainability Value Map

SUSTAINABILITY PARAMETERS: SOCIETY SOCIODIVERSITY: socio-economic mix, social diversity

ACCESSIBILITY: inclusivity for all groups: children, elderly, handicapped IDENTITY: sense of place, belonging, history and culture SECURITY: transparency, supportiveness, visibility, low crime VARIETY: experiential and sensory richness and variety INVOLVEMENT: participation, connection, shared responsibility SOCIABILITY: spatial hierarchy, private/public, both contact and privacy AESTHETICS: artistic, psychological and spiritual stimulation and pleasure THE PARAMETERS SELECTED FOR SOCIETY / COMMUNITY WILL VARY DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION AND CONTEXT

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Sustainability Value Map

i.e: • identity • involvement • health • aesthetics • flexibility

{

Qualitative

THE INDICATORS i.e: • land use • energy • transports • bioclimatic design • biodiversity

{

Quantitative

Chris Qual / Butters quant indicators

GAIA International

The Value Map …

Sustainability Value Map

The Value Map visualises the goal that all architecture, city building and other production should fulfil the three conditions of sustainability. There exist many systems now for environmental indicators and benchmarking. In contrast to other systems, the Value Map has the following characteristics: • Ecology, economy and society: the circle with three equal parts, visualises all three necessary components of sustainability. Specialists are forced to consider and think about, the whole picture. All three parts must be achieved!

• ”The bigger the better”: the value scale here is outwards, so that best result corresponds to biggest star – communicating a positive message • Instead of compass points or unequal sectors, equal segments are used here, giving visually correct relative geometrical weighting • The selection of parameters is, though provisional, systematic. Note that parameters can and should vary depending on the type of project. • It is important to show that the goal to achieve is ambitious and far away. The outer rim is like the ”horizon” of what we think of as fully sustainable today It is clearly shown to be far off. So the ambition level can change in future. Chris Butters

GAIA International

Sustainability Value Map

Sustainability Value Map – Integr.des. CB

The Value Map of sustainability ECOLOGY ECONOMY SOCIETY Chris Butters / GAIA International Consultants

with NABU – Norwegian Architects for Sustainable Development

The Value Map visualises the goal that all architecture and city planning should fulfil the three conditions of sustainability Chris Butters

GAIA International

Sustainability Value Map

Lindås, Gothenburg, Sweden – extremely low energy houses Passive or ”body heat houses”

Chris Butters

Lindas verdikart

GAIA International

Verdikart for bærekraft

Slumområde

Typical urban slum (Capetown)

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Verdikart for bærekraft

Verdikart, Tubingen

Vauban, Freiburg, Germany Urban Ecology project Ecology, economy and community

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Verdikart Metropolzonen Chris Butters

Sustainable development - the Value Map

Metropolzonen, Copenhagen: potential of the five international team proposals: Value scale:

Community

aesthetics

Ecology

space use

identity and signal value

local environment and use of water

sociability / inclusivity

1 2 3 4 5

poor moderate fairly good very good excellent

energy and resource flows 0

1

2

3

4

5 traffic and mobility

participation

technical feasibility / cost

investor attractiveness

strategy and process

functional mix

Economy Chris Butters - GAIA International

GAIA

Sustainability Value Map ARCHITECTURE COMPETITIONS

Case: NAL (2003)

The Norwegian sustainability model applied to competition evaluations

Chris Butters NAL konkurranse

GAIA International

Sustainability Value Map RISK ASSESSMENT

Case: Irrigation proposal in Tanzania

The Norwegian sustainability model applied to assessment of development projects

Source: University of Sussex / MJBA, 2007

ChrisMai Butters Risk

GAIA International

Verdikart AHO

Sustainability Value Map

ENERGY STUDIO, AUTUMN 2007 - OSLO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE Guest professor Chris Butters DESIGN ASSESSMENT - applying the SUSTAINABILITY VALUE MAP NB this rating system is not a student grade Students; Lawrence, Fisnik, Helder EVALUATION

bioclimatic site design

functionality

SOCIETY

energy conscious architecture / design

aesthetics

(folk)

(place)

technical and energy efficiency

social qualities

ecological materials

accessibility

efficient space use

robustness/ flexibility lifecycle operation

reasonable cost

for presentation and research

ECONOMY

+7

(work)

Chris Butters

ECOLOGY

rating:

33+7

GAIA

GAIA International

Hausmania Workshops April 11th 2005

Fairfield Regeneration

Howard Liddell

Fairfield - KPIs - Benchmark Surveys 1984 & 1999 Samfunn

Økologi

1984

FOLK

PLACE

identity energy

health

security

COMMUNITY

aesthetics

ECOLOGY transport land use

sociability

water cy cles

complexity

material cy cles

inv olv ement

bioclimatic design

accessibility composition

biodiv ersity

f unctionality

communication

processes f lexibility

Samfunn

Økologi

1999

FOLK

PLACE

identity energy health

security COMMUNITY

aesthetics

land use

sociability

water cy cles

complexity

material cy cles

inv olv ement

bioclimatic design

accessibility composition

biodiv ersity

f unctionality

f inancial structures

communication

processes

activ ity serv ices costs

ECOLOGY

transport

f lexibility

f inancial structures activ ity serv ices costs

ECONOMY

ECONOMY

WORK

WORK

Økonomi

Økonomi

< Collapsed Stool Sustainable Stool > Fairfield audit

Value Map / GAIA Scotland, Howard Liddell

© Gaia

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Gaia+4 Norsk

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Renovation to passive standard / Wengisstrasse - energy needs reduced to one quarter

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Sustainability Value Map

Sustainability Value Map – Integr.des. CB

The Value Map of sustainability

ECOLOGY ECONOMY SOCIETY Chris Butters GAIA International

The Value Map visualises the goal that all architecture and city planning should fulfil the three conditions of sustainability Chris Butters

GAIA International

Chris Butters

GAIA

Gaia+4 Norsk International

KULTURAS MANTOJUMS MUSDIENU IZAICINAJUMS Riga, Ceturtdiena 9.sept 2010

[email protected] t. +47 9936 0976

GAIA: deep green

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Old D180 brochure

ISS, University of Oslo:

Energy Planning and Sustainable Development

KULTURAS MANTOJUMS - MUSDIENU IZAICINAJUMS Riga, Ceturtdiena 9.sept 2010

CHRIS BUTTERS, PART 2 1ST PARALLEL SESSION

LIFE CYCLE, SUSTAINABILITY AND HERITAGE Sustainability and heritage: the big picture The little picture: materials Sustainable / traditional architecture Low energy renovation Life cycle and Time The Sustainability Value Map and heritage Conclusions

Chris Butters

GAIA International Consultants

GAIA

Sustainability Value Map

Sustainability Value Map – Integr.des. CB

The Value Map of sustainability ECOLOGY ECONOMY SOCIETY Chris Butters GAIA International

The Value Map visualises the goal that all architecture and city planning should fulfil the three conditions of sustainability Chris Butters

GAIA International

ISS, University of Oslo:

Energy Planning and Sustainable Development

Fossil fuels and climate

The issue of climate and energy poses a threat to cultural heritage. But what is real sustainability ?

Chris Butters

GAIA International Consultants

Strategisk energiplanlegging – rapport – Bergen kommune ENERGY, CLIMATE AND CITY PLANNING The common goal is a low energy / low carbon future – factor 4 type scenarios There are three main strategies: 1. CCS – carbon capture and BAU 2. RES – renewable energies 3. EE – energy efficiency Carbon capture prolongs the fossil fuel age and ”business as usual” for only a few decades – and has uncertainties. Sooner or later our world has to be based fully on solar and other renewables. Energy saving is almost always the cheapest and is by far the best. But NONE of these will be enough with future ”western” levels of consumption. All three are important. But energy efficiency – including radically lower consumption and lifestyle shifts – is the only sustainable solution. As long as we only have one planet. Chris Butters, arkitekt MNAL konsulent GAIA International

juni 2006

8 F4

Strategisk energiplanlegging – rapport – Bergen

33

Strategic energy planning Consultancy report - City of Bergen November 2006 Chris Butters

Energy planning and urban planning: The only real freedom for the consumer, is to need almost no energy at all The best kind of energy is the energy you don’t need

GAIAButters, Oslo Bærekraftig planlegging ogGAIA arkitektur Chris arkitekt MNAL konsulent Inte

Consumerism and ”overdevelopment”

”Overdevelopment” Resource and energy efficiency is getting better and better. But our increasing consumption – including larger size of houses – is eating up all these efficiency gains. Net result: NO PROGRESS towards cutting energy and climate emissions !

appliances, indoor temp etc TOTAL ENERGY USE size of houses population energy intensity (efficiency) poor 1950

excess

plenty 1960

Chris Butters

1970

1980

1990

2000 GAIA International

Old D180 brochure

ISS, University of Oslo:

Chris Butters

Energy Planning and Sustainable Development

GAIA International Consultants

Urban Ecology - Sustainable Cities

Kronsberg CO2

Kronsberg, Hannover – zero emission city

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Environmental architecture

Plus-energy houses, Disch

Plus-energy houses the Solarsiedlung Freiburg, Germany Rolf Disch architect www.rolfdisch.de

Chris Butters

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

PVC kretsløp

Production and life cycle for PVC. The impacts may be small in use, but very large at other stages of the lifecycle THROUGHPUT not just grey energy

Chris Butters

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

Materials flows: the zinc process

Hg, Cd, Pb, …. Source: Norzink/ Outokompo, Odda

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Zinc process

The Ecology of building materials

Cement: - the 4th largest source of GHG - also energy intensive - 0,75 ton CO2 emitted for each ton of cement - plus 0,5 ton CO2 from energy - nb this is Portland cements

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Environmental architecture

Concrete spaghetti

Concrete spaghetti (near Bjørvika, Oslo) somebody has to take the damn thing apart some time … - the joys of ”cool” composite materials !

In many older solutions, the tension layer was constructed separate from the compression layer …

Chris Butters

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

1

2

cement/concrete

3

4

5 Materials throughput whole life cycle

PVC plastics

synthetic paints

tropical hardwood

1 2 3 4 5

Siberian larch

oil or gas heating

Chris Butters

Consider the whole of the process - environmental and health effects at ALL stages:

GAIA International

Extraction Processing+transport Construction Lifetime use After use

The Ecology of building materials

Engvall K, Norrby C, Bandel J, Hult M, Norbäck D. Development of a Multiple Regression Model to Identify Multi-Family Residential Buildings with a High Prevalence of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS). Indoor Air 2000; 10; 101 – 110.

X

Source: Dr.J.V.Bakke – Arbeidstilsynet - SBS Chris Butters

GAIA International

Consumerism and ”overdevelopment”

Materials and Life cycle

We used to say that the energy needed to produce a building was a very small part of the total energy it would use in its lifetime. This is no longer the case! Two reasons: 1 - low energy construction requires a bit more resources 2 - the new low energy buildings will use much less energy embodied energy ca 100.000 kWh

= 5 to 10%

old

new

Chris Butters

(100 sq.m house) lifetime energy ca. 180 kWh/m2 x 50 years = 900.000 kWh

embodied energy ca 120.000 kWh = 35 to 50% lifetime energy ca. 50kWh/m2 x 50 years = 250.000 kWh

so: the materials are very important !

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

C02 emissions – steel or timber Emissions of CO2 for two solutions fulfilling exactly the same building function – internal wall, using steel or timber framing

Source: GAIA-Lista. kilde: GAIA Lista

Chris Butters

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

Ecological renovation of historic buildings

Greenhouse gas potential of different alternatives for existing old windows – restoring or replacing Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Oslo, Norway

source: Byggforsk 263/99, Sverre Fossdal: Chris Butters

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

CO2 emissions for glulam timber

felling

sawmill

glue

Chris Butters

production of glulam

GAIA International

Miljøvennlig arkitektur

Skinnarbøl herredgård, Kongsvinger – Jordbygging fra ca 1840 Rammed earth construction, eastern Norway, 1840’s

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Skinnarbøl

Environmental architecture

29 GAIA Tjøme Lith

Rural centre, Lithuania Timber, straw bale and clay GAIA architects, Norway Rolf Jacobsen

Chris Butters

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

Use of hygroscopic materials is up to nine times more effective than ventilation in dealing with humidity ! ref.: M.Salonvaara, Finland and D.Roalkvam GAIA Lista, Norway

M. Salonvaara 2003

•bedroom: 12,0 m2 •Volume: 32,4 m3 •surfaces: 60,0 m2 •humidity of 2 adults •air change: 0,5 ach Gaia Lista AS

Chris Butters

50

GAIA International

The Ecology of building materials

Culture and heritage:

Traditional skills and knowledge: lessons in ecology, resource saving and sustainable development We used to work with nature and let nature and time do the work. Now we use technology, energy, glue and pressure, in a hurry. Result: anti-sustainable.

Træbesparende teknologi - Jørgen Nørgård

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Ecological renovation Typical older buildings comprise very few and simple materials: -low embodied energy -fully biodegradable -recyclable due to assembly methods -high ceilings = good indoor air -hygroscopic and moisture open -large thermal mass Issues: new uses, bathrooms, insulation …

This is not just knowledge about the past !! - but is relevant for designing a sustainable future Chris Butters

GAIA International

Environmental architecture

Energy savings basics 1 cat

Saving energy, lesson1 … simple solutions are best !! Chris Butters

GAIA International

Environmental architecture

Trad 1 ½ etasjes hus

Traditional 1 ½ storey house, Hordaland, Norway - very low ecological footprint

Compact form, minimum volumes, short structural spans, thermal zoning, cold buffer zones, natural materials, semiclimatised spaces … and movable !

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Miljøvennlig fritidsbebyggelse

A02 Uvdal 3

Holiday homes and environment Book: ”Hytte og miljø” Kommuneforlaget, Oslo 2006 Butters, Raaholt ,Skaara Creative re-use

Hyttetun i Uvdal Tormod Evang Ombruk aprilhaugen.com Chris Butters, arkitekt MNAL konsulent GAIA International

2006

Miljøvennlig fritidsbebyggelse

A02 Uvdal 3

Holiday homes and environment Book: ”Hytte og miljø” Kommuneforlaget, Oslo 2006 Butters, Raaholt ,Skaara Hyttetun i Uvdal Tormod Evang Ombruk aprilhaugen.com

Chris Butters, arkitekt MNAL konsulent GAIA International

2006

Ecological renovation and re-use

Nordnesparken 20, Bergen Arch. Butters Haukeland Amundsen

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Ecological renovation and re-use

Nordnesparken, English

Nordnesparken 20, Bergen Architects: Butters/Amundsen/Haukeland

400 year old fish warehouse converted to 5 apartments with seawater-based heat pump, passive solar, etc -the heat pump also provides a free cold store on the return pipe Chris Butters

GAIA International

Heritage and Sustainability

Låver Røkenes

ECOLOGICAL RENOVATION / REUSE OF AGRICULTURAL BARNS: NORWAY Hundreds of old timber barns rot every year …

Røkenes, Harstad - restaurant and shops Asker - modern apartments Lesja- tourism, – GAIA architects Lesja GAIA architects Eco Visitor Centre, Tingvoll - GAIA architects

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Culture and sustainability

Punakha – culture and sustainability

the Punakha hospital, Bhutan – Architect Chris Butters donor: German Bhutan Hospital Foundation

Chris Butters

GBHF / GAIA International

Culture and sustainability

Puna – culture and sust 2

the Punakha hospital, Bhutan architect: Chris Butters German Bhutan Hospital Foundation

Chris Butters

GBHF / GAIA International

Punakha Hospital, Bhutan Chris Butters project leader and architect Punakha, verandah details

ISS, University of Oslo Energy Planning and Sustainable Development

DIVE analysis, Odda Directorate for Cultural Heritage, Norway

Odda Carbide factory : in operation 1906-2003 - - picture from the 1980s Chris Butters

GAIA International Consultants

ISS, University of Oslo:

Odda, Norway

Chris Butters

Energy Planning and Sustainable Development

foreground: the old carbide factory and Odda town background: the zinc plant at Eitrheimsvågen

GAIA International Consultants

Sustainability Value Map 4. Baltijas juras valstu kulturas mantojuma forums Latvija – Riga – 2010.gada 8.11 septembris SIMPLIFIED VALUE MAP FOR EVALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE example: OLD INDUSTRIAL BUILDING, ODDA

Society People

authenticity

Ecology Place

footprint

historical significance

energy use

pollution

local identity

5 4 3 2 1 0 ecological materials

interpr. value Ring 1 = poor Ring 2 = mediocre Ring 3 = average Ring 4 = good Ring 5 = excellent

Chris Butters

adaptability upkeep cost

economic value functionality

Economy Work GAIA International Consultants

Chris Butters

GAIA

Gaia+4 Norsk International

Chris Butters, Riga, 9.sept 2010 ”top category” cultural heritage: Borgund stave church Nidaros cathedral, Trondheim

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Punakha – culture and sustainability

Culture and sustainability 4. Baltijas juras valstu kulturas mantojuma forums Latvija – Riga – 2010.gada 8.11 septembris

SIMPLIFIED VALUE MAP FOR EVALUATION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE example: “TOP CATEGORY” HERITAGE

Society People

historical significance authenticity

local identity

Ecology Place

footprint energy use

pollution

5 4 3 2 1 0 interpr. value

ecological materials

economic adaptability Ring 1 = poor value Ring 2 = mediocre upkeep cost functionality Ring 3 = average Ring 4 = good Economy Ring 5 = excellent Work

Chris Butters

GBHF / GAIA International

Låver Røkenes

Heritage and Sustainability Renovation to passive standard / carbon neutral - - Karl Viriden partners, Zurich

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Environmental architecture kämpfen für architektur Beat Kaempfen architects

Limmatalstr 3, Zurich, Switzerland (1963) Renovation to passive (Minergie) standard

20% mehr Wohnfläche 75% weniger Energie

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Environmental architecture kämpfen für architektur Beat Kaempfen, Zurich

ein sympathisches Einfamilienhaus von 1984

Zweifamilienhaus Üetikon, Familie Burri Schweizer Solarpreis 2006 Energiestandard: Minergie-P Energiesystem: Solar/WP Konstruktion: Massivholzbau Chris UetikonButters 1

GAIA International

Ecological renovation and heritage issues

St.Hallvardsplass, Oslo Typical masonry urban block, 1890, ”yellow listed” heritage Full renovation with low energy and ecological goals Issues: -- new energy windows? -- new windows in end wall? -- clay/lime plaster? -- roof terrace? -- solar panels? -- exterior facade insulation?

Typical

GAIA architects with user participation and workshops

o Chris Butters

GAIA International

Heritage and Sustainability

Låver Røkenes

Renovation to passive energy standard + eco materials and carbon neutral Karl Viriden partners, Zurich

Seebahnstrasse

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Gaia+4 Norsk

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Renovation to passive standard / Wengisstrasse - energy needs reduced to one quarter

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Gaia+4 Norsk

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Renovation to passive standard / Wengisstrasse

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Renovation to passive standard / Wengisstrasse

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Nietengasse 20

Just below Minergie standard (1,5 l.) No solar here, wrong orientation 10kW gas CHP heat and power – the excess is sold to the grid Vacuum insulation in special areas No street facade change permitted Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Gaia+4 Norsk

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Ecological renovation to passive standard

Magnusstr.23 (1893)

Just below Minergie standard (1,5 l.) Weak/difficult points: airtightness and street facade - no external insulation allowed so only 5cm. internal Envelope average k=0,15, windows 0,7 15 sq.m solar DHW Air-water heat pump Old doors and panelling etc restored

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Magnusstrasse 23 (1893)

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Magnusstrasse 23 (1893)

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Magnusstrasse 23 (1893)

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Magnusstrasse 23 (1893) Embodied energy: new building - normal - low energy preservation

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Viriden Partners, Zurich: Feldbergstr, Basel Renovation up to PLUS ENERGY standard Swiss solar prize 2009

Energy need from 199 to 33 kWh/m2 Roof U=0,1 Windows U=0,6 37 sq.m solar thermal 65 sq.m solar PV 10kwp

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Heritage, energy and climate emissions:

Make the full LCA arguments clear Talk about sustainability, not just climate emissions – use the Value Map Sustainability is 10% technology and 90% behaviour Some compromises: especially the roof ! Materials footprint, not just grey energy !

5-6 main types of old buildings – use a generic renovation design methodology

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

Gaia+4 Norsk GAIA International

Architectural/preservation work and energy planning must be integrated !

Ask the right question: where is it best to solve the energy problem – demand side or supply side? And at what level – single building, urban scale, or energy system? GENERIC METHODOLOGY:

1.How much can we reduce the energy demand ? 2.Can we supply the rest with renewables on the building itself? 3.Find the crossover point: which of the options are cheapest, low energy renovation or renewables supply ? 4.Full LCA comparison demolition or preservation 5.Do we still want to preserve this building ? 6.Reduce energy needs as much as possible, add renewables, then add district heat or regional.

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

LCC - Duffy LCC / LCA

Life cycle sustainability

WHAT QUALITIES DO WE WANT IN A MODERN ECO What qualities do we find in SUSTAINABLE BUILDING? many historic buildings?

Long life Low energy needs Healthy materials Good indoor climate Low maintenance Chemical free maint. Recyclable materials Good workmanship Sympathetic to site Local identity Adaptability Chris Butters

< Not so hard to improve ! < Except maybe: lead, tar …

< Sustainability means maintaining!

< And easy to disassemble >

GAIA International Chris Butters NAL / NABU

Sustainability Value Map

Sustainability Value Map – Integr.des. CB

The Value Map of sustainability ECOLOGY ECONOMY SOCIETY Chris Butters / GAIA International Consultants with NABU – Norwegian Architects for Sustainable Development

The Value Map visualises the goal that all architecture and city planning should fulfil the three conditions of sustainability Chris Butters

GAIA International

Chris Butters

GAIA

Gaia+4 Norsk International

KULTURAS MANTOJUMS - MUSDIENU IZAICINAJUMS Chris Butters, Riga, 9.sept 2010

Sustainable Planning and Architecture

Chris Butters

GAIA

Gaia+4 InternationalNorsk

Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage

Thank you !

cupboard door, GAIA architects , Norway

GAIA - deep green

Sustainable Planning and Architecture