SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND RESOURCES Nguyen Viet Hung Environmental Protection Agency BCC Project Coordinator Thua Thien Hue Department of Natural Resources and Environment

CONTENT 1. General introduction to sustainable development and land resources 2. Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources 3. Sustainable resources

4. Conclusion

development

of

land

1 – General information Sustainable Development (SD)

Requirements of SD: SD model

1 – General information There are more 7700 definitions of the sustainable development, in which these basic definitions originate from the World commission on Environment and Development – WCED also called Brundtand (Elliott, 1994:6)..that is following:

“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meets their own needs"

1 – General information Land resources Table 1. Area of continents According to Vietnam Environment Administration: Land resources is a form of human material: Land has two meanings: Land for housing and building of infrastructure of human, and edaphic for agroforestry production

Continent Aisan Africa North America South America Europe Australia Antarctica

Area 43.998.920 km2 29.800.540 km2 24.320.100 km2 17.599.050 km2 9.699.550 km2 7.687.120 km2 14.245.000 km2

Table 2: % natural land and agricultural land in the world Continent Asian America Africa Europe Oceania

Natural land 29,5% 28,2% 20,0% 6,5% 15,8%

Agricultural land 35% 26% 20% 13% 6%

1 – General information Land resources in Vietnam Vietnam natural land resources in an area of 33 million hectares that has 6.9 million hectare for agricultural land (account for 21%) and uneven distribution in different ecological zones

Components of Vietnam Land Resources

1 – General information Land resources in Vietnam Table 3. Area and percentage of soil in the Mekong River Delta Soil Alluvial soilÐất phù sa Acid sulphate soil Salty soil Alkaline soil Ancient Alluvial soil Peat Soil Mountain land

Area (ha) 1.094.248 1.054.342 809.034 631.443 108.989 34.052 34.678

Rate (%) 28, 91 28, 02 21, 38 16, 98 2, 84 0, 92 0, 95

(According to 60B programme)

1 – General information Land resources in Vietnam Table 4. Area of soil in Vietnam Soil Sand dunes and sea Salty soil Acid sulphate soil Alluvial soil Peat and bog soil Gray land Red-brown soil in semi-arid region Black soil Red-yellow soil Red yellow loam soil on the mountain Loam soil on the mountain Slope valley soil Erosion land with gravel and rocky others

Area (ha) 502.045 991.202 2.140.306 2.936.413 71.796 2.481.987 34.234 237.602 15.815.790 2.976.313 280.714 330.814 505.298 3.651.586

(Design and Planning Agriculture Institute, 1980)

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

1. Constitution of Republic sustainable development

Socialist

Vietnam

2013

on

Constitution in 2013 stipulate that Vietnam build an economy is independence, self-reliance, promoting internal strength, integration, international cooperation; closely linked to cultural development, implementation progress and social justice, environmental protection, implementing National industrialization and modernization

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

2. 2013 Land law to sustainable development 2013 Land law also specifies the content of annual land use plans at district level as a basic for land acquisition, land allocation, land for lease, purpose changes of land use 2013 Land law provisions more comprehensive land policies for agricultural land towards: More stringent regulation for purpose changes of land use, forestry land, raising the deadline of land allocation in 50 years, expanding the limits of land use right transfer for agricultural land for households and individuals. In additions, 2013 land law also help to conclude mechanism to promote resources from land resources for National socio-economic development.

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

3. Environmental Protection Act 2014 to sustainable development In the Environmental Protection Act 2014 has the number of chapters, articles and items related to land use in a sustainable way as well: - Protection of the environment in harmony with economic development, social security, ensuring children’ rights, promoting gender and biodiversity conservation and development, and adaptation to climate change to ensure humans a healthy environment. - Environmental protection must be based on exploitation, rationale use and saving natural resources; development of clean and renewable energy; promote recycling, reuse and waste reduction.

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

3. Environmental Protection Act 2014 to sustainable development - Land environment protection in one of the basic content of land resources management. Factors that may cause soil pollution must be had determination, statistics, evaluation and control. - Urban environment protection comply with principle of sustainable development associated with natural, cultural and historical elements and secure the proportion of green space in accordance with urban planning. Urban infrastructure for environmental protection in sync, in accordance urban planning, densely populated areas. - Priority in the use of products, friendly environmental services certificated ecolabel under the law.

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

4. Sustainable development in Viet Nam strategy on socioeconomic development (in the 21st agenda of Viet Nam) Perspective of sustainable development has been reaffirmed many times in the documents of the Communist Party of Viet Nam and the National strategy on socio-economic development is: “To develop rapidly, effectively and sustainably, and economic growth along with implementation progress, social justice and environmental protection“ and ‘’Socio-economic development is closely associated with protecting and improving environment, ensuring harmony between the artificial environment and natural environment, preserve biodiversity’’. a. In law Completing the legal system, uniform policies for resources protection and management system. Overall planning of Urban development, urban chain is relatively completed, modern socio-economic and technological, clean urban environment, reasonable develop and distribution in over the country.

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

4. Sustainable development in Viet Nam strategy on socioeconomic development (in the 21st agenda of Viet Nam) b. In economy: Maintain rapid and stable economic growth Promote the process of land conversion in fragmentary, dispersal and consolidate land Develop and implement programs towards green economy, improving land productivity, applied biotechnology, clean production, agro-forestry combination, agro-forestry-fishery consistent with ecological conditions Model transformation and production technologies, consumption patterns towards more clean and friendly environment, based on the economical use of resources are not renewable; Construction environmental economic accounting system.

Viet Nam normative documents for sustainable development and sustainable development of land resources

4. Sustainable development in Viet Nam strategy on socioeconomic development (in the 21st agenda of Viet Nam) c. In natural resources and environment: Defending degradation, efficient and sustainable use of Land resources. Rationale exploitation and economical and sustainable use of mineral resources. Mitigating climate change and limiting the negative impacts for prevention of natural disasters, protection of natural resources and environment. Rationale exploitation and economical and sustainable use of natural resources in general and particularly in land resources is indispensable content of national sustainable development programs. Applied model and production technologies, consumption patterns towards more clean and friendly environment, based on the economical use of nonrenewable resources, minimizing hazardous and persistent, maintaining individual and social life style harmony and closeness to nature

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

1. Completing legal system, management resources conservation and development

policies,

Land

The basic principal is to strength the regime of the people’s ownership of land and management of the Unified State; and gradually perfect policy mechanism associated responsibilities and legal rights of land users through the economic benefits. People’s ownership, the management of the Unified State on land has been reinforced more effectively, more efficient land use Legal system, management policy focus on rational and economic use and conservation of land resources in a sustainable way. To promote agro-forestry encouragement and transfer of scientific – technique, land and forest allocation, give communities production development loan, intensification to poverty alleviation and to ensure safety food security. Strengthen the Government management on land and real estate market. The land management must be comprehensive, thorough, unified from the Central to Local

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

2. Building strategy on land use in the long-term To guarantee the management, exploitation and sustainable land use in the 21st century, Viet Nam should develop the strategy on land use in the long-term - it is general perception of scientists, experts and manager of Viet Nam Land science Foul

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

3. Strategy on economical, rationale, effective and sustainable land use Must have a strategic land use-saving, efficiency based on scientific urban planning associated with the planning of key economic zones, industrial zones; Planning associated with environmental protection and rationale exploitation of natural resources and ensure planning one step ahead Closely manage urbanization activities, particularly in local projects. Constructions of urban towards sustainable development is only way in accordance with the urbanization progress With Countries developed form agriculture, National economy must be directed to a sustainable agriculture. In Vietnam, there are a variety of sustainable agriculture models applies, such as: Ecological agriculture, organic agriculture, stereoscopic agriculture,… Developing a ecological agriculture that is a collaboration in harmony and in conformity between two agriculture: chemical agriculture and biological agriculture Priority in the use of high quality soil to agriculture, and the rest to nonagricultural purposes.

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

4. Institutionalizing sustainable development perspectives of land resources, construction and completion of compensation mechanism The key perspective on sustainable development of the Communist Party of Vietnam has been consistently identified in the number of terms is: “To develop rapidly, efficiently and sustainably, economic growth coupled with the progress, social justice and environmental protection”. Need to have policies specifying perspectives on sustainable in management and using of land resources, in which have principals and compensation mechanism in associated with the community benifit Developing and completing the compensation mechanism Building the trust through dialogue and participation of community

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

5. Develop criteria and models for sustainable development a. Criteria for evaluation of sustainable development of land resources - Building assessment indicators system for sustainable development: The main properties of sustainable land use that are + Using of Land resources in the long-term + To meet current needs without destroying the potential for the future + Enhanced production per capita + Maintain/ enhance the quality of Environment + Recovery of productivity and the ability to regulate environment of ecosystems of degradation and poverty - Accelerate the development and application of assessment indicators system of sustainable development. This system should be rapidly established, put into operation and will be revised, modified and complemented in the course of use

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

5. Develop criteria and models for sustainable development b. Models of sustainable development of land resources Develop typical communities on sustainable development, selfmanagement system of natural resources, environmental protection and disseminate these: - Conduct conservation projects of wetlands, particular in areas of international importance; - Sustainable model of peppers - Symbio city Model of Sweden

IV. Sustainable development of Land resources

6. Strengthening education and awareness about sustainable development for people The sustainable development is career of the Party and Authorities, Ministries, Sectors and Localities; agencies, enterprises, social organizations and communities. It is important to mobilize participation of communities involved in the selection decisions on socio-economic development and environmental protection at national and local level.

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