Summer Reading Assignment 2011-2012 All World History AP students in the district are required to complete a summer assignment. Our expectation is that the work will be completed by the first day of school. Within the first week of school, there will be a quiz, test or essay over the assignment. The assignment and guidelines are listed below. 1. Read: a. Chapters 1, 2 & 3 of the required textbook - World Civilizations: The Global Experience by Peter N. Stearns et al. 2. Process: a. All CPHS, RHS, VHS and VRHS World History AP students are required to fill in chapter questions for each of the 3 chapters. All answers should be handwritten (please email teachers if this is a problem). b. LHS students are required to use the chapters to fill out the following charts.  Paleolithic vs. Neolithic SCRIPTED chart  Early Civilizations Chart  Early Beliefs Systems chart (DO NOT do Christianity or Islam on this chart –fill it in later) c. Answer the questions or charts to the best of your ability. The answers are not word for word in the book, but all information is in the chapters. You must THINK about what you read and decide where the information should be.

If you have any questions email your teacher over the summer! We check our email and are willing to answer any questions. [email protected] (CPHS) [email protected] (LHS) [email protected] (RHS) [email protected] (RHS) [email protected] (VHS) [email protected] (VHS) [email protected] (VRHS)

Chapter 1 Reading Guide From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizations How long has humans impacted the history of the earth? What was life like during the Paleolithic Age? (technology, art, religion, etc.)

What distinguishes the Mesolithic Age? THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION What moved the human species towards more elaborate institutions? What are the 2 reasons for deliberate planting? What is the first example of genetic food modification? How long did the revolution take? Why is it referred to as a revolution? What are the positive and negatives that go with sedentary agriculture?

What was the general reception to settled farming? Where was settled agriculture not suited and how do they generally get by? How did agriculture spur specialization? What kind of innovation was very helpful to agriculture? CIVILIZATION The need to manage what caused people to establish towns and develop the first governments? What were the general characteristics of the first village, Catal Huyuk?

Where did civilizations arise after Catal Huyuk? What did the division of labor lead to? Why did civilizations develop writing? Who is not included in the definition of civilization? Why? What are the social differences between civilizations and hunter-gather societies?

How did civilizations impact their environment? In general, where were the first civilizations located? Why? INDIVIDUAL CIVILIZATIONS TIGRIS-EUPHRATES (16-19)

INDUS RIVER VALLEY (20+)

POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

RELIGIOUS

SOCIAL

INTELLECUTAL /ARTISTIC

NEAR: GEOGRAPHY

EGYPT (19-20) POLITICAL

CHINA SHANG (20+)

ECONOMIC

RELIGIOUS

SOCIAL

INTELLECTUAL /ARTISTIC

NEAR: GEOGRAPHY

IN DEPTH—THE IDEA OF CIVILIZATION IN WORLD HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE What do the terms barbarian and civilized mean? Is it a universal term?

THE HERITAGE OF THE RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS Describe the legacy of these civilizations.

Chapter 2 Reading Guide Classical Civilization: China What are the positive and negative things about China’s location? What is the most ancient philosophy in China? Understand its basic tenets. PATTERNS IN CLASSICAL CHINA What kind of things would cause a dynasty to decline?

How did the Zhou Dynasty rule? Who was this method similar to? (who had the power) Why did they use this method?

What were some positive contributions of the Zhou? What is the significance of Confucius? What is the era of the fall of Zhou referred to? Who gained control of China and formed the Qin Dynasty? How did he handle the problems of feudalism?

What did Qin Shi Huangdi do to prevent northern invasions (instead of relying on alliances)? What did Shi Huangdi do to promote a strong central government and economy?

Though Qin Shi Huangdi did things to improve upon the Zhou, what caused this to be a short lived dynasty? What dynasty arose that came in contact with India, the Parthians and kept the strong central government of the Qin? What things changed or were improved upon (politically, philosophy)? POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS China’s bureaucracy started with a tight knit and extended families. Describe. What other things were centralized under the government? Stearns, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP 3rd edition

1

How did Wu Ti make sure he had the best government bureaucrats? What did the Chinese government spend most of its time on compared to what? How did they regulate the economy? How did the Chinese get things done? Did they have slaves? Describe the extent and legacy of the Chinese bureaucracy. RELIGION AND CULTURE What are the upper-class values? Describe the basic religious rituals?

Understand the tenets of Confucianism.

What was the alternative to Confucianism? What did it advocate? What was a weakness of Confucianism? What class was Confucianism most popular and why? What was not necessary in Daoism to achieve a good life that was necessary in Confucianism? Why weren’t the Confucianist threatened by Daoism? What was a basis of the civil service exam? Describe classic Chinese art. What scientific advances did the Chinese make?

ECONOMY AND SOCIETY Describe the social structure (who is included and what do they do).

Stearns, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP 3rd edition

2

Who benefited the most of trade (or who wanted the stuff)? What helped facilitate trade? How was the merchant class viewed? Name achievements.

What was the main sector of the Chinese economy? Describe family life.

CONCULSION What was the one thing that pulled together or characterized classic China?

How did they view themselves and those around them? What was their view of cultural diffusion? What was the one exception to their view of cultural diffusion? How was their view of science related their religion? What private matters supported their unified government? What conflict kept there from being one unified philosophy? Describe their courts or views of punishment.

Stearns, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP 3rd edition

3

Chapter 3 Reading Guide Classical Civilization: India How is the focus in India different than in China?

What do most people do? What created a “localist” flavor (society revolving around the village)? THE FRAMEWORK FOR INDIAN HISTORY: GEOGRAPHY AND A FORMATIVE PERIOD What civilizations impacted India the most? What direction did they come from? What made political unity difficult? What climatic phenomena heavily impacted India? What group of people provided formative changes to India during the Vedic/Epic Age? What was their first literary language? List their famous poems and epics.

What was the original purpose of the caste system? Which caste was responsible for the most menial labor tasks? The Aryan’s Indo-European religion developed into what religion? Who introduced a more mystical version of this religion? PATTERNS IN CLASSICAL INDIA What are the two major empires of India’s classical period? When did it enter into its classical phase (leave its formative phase)? Who would you describe the rise and fall of India’s empires compared to others?

What did Chandragupta borrow from the Persian model in order to unite a large portion of India?

What were the two faces of Ashoka?

What did Ashoka do in order to bind his empire and improve trade? What caused Ashoka’s government to have a lasting effect? What differing approach did the Gupta’s use to create their empire? Stearns, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP 3rd edition

3

POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS What provided the structure for India? What stood in the way of a politically unified India? Explain the rigid-ness of the caste system. What prevented the institution of slavery from arising? What provides the cement for Indian culture? RELIGION AND CULTURE How was Hinduism able to meet the needs of a diverse India?

What is all living spirits part of? What provided for moral consequences and provided for everyone doing their designated roles in society? How did Hinduism provide hope for the lower castes? What aspects of Hinduism did Buddha disagree with?

Who was the only major ruler to spread Buddhism in India? Where did Buddhism spread to? List some of their achievements.

What is their Buddhist shrines called? ECONOMY AND SOCIETY To what extent did Indians/Hindus feel women were inferior? What is the link between daughters and economics? What was the status of women in India in respect to China?

Where do merchants enjoy a higher value, India or China? IN DEPTH—INEQUALITY AS THE SOCIAL NORM How did the Greeks and Chinese go outside the social norm? Stearns, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP 3rd edition

3

INDIAN INFLUENCE Who was dominant in the Indian Ocean trade at this point? What areas/regions did the Indian Ocean connect? How did India influence China?

Stearns, World Civilizations: The Global Experience, AP 3rd edition

3

SCRIPTED CHART: Paleolithic vs. Neolithic NAME: ______________________________ PERIOD: __________ DATE: ______________ PALEOLITHIC

SOCIAL STRUCTURES  Social Classes  Gender Roles, Relations  Inequalities  Family, Kinship  Racial, Ethnic Constructs

CULTURE  Cultural  Intellectual  Arts, Architecture  Lifestyles, Entertainment  Literatures

RELIGION • Religion • World Views • Philosophy • Secularism, Atheism • Ideologies and “isms”

INTERACTIONS  War, Conflict  Trade, Commerce  Exchanges, Migrations  Diplomacy, Alliances  Transnational Organizations

NEOLITHIC

PALEOLITHIC

POLITICS  Nations, nationalism  Empires  Forms of Government  Revolts, Revolutions  State-building, expansion

TECHNOLOGY  Industry  Science, Invention, Innovation  Power  Transportation  Communication

ECONOMICS  Industrialization  Economic Systems  Capitalism, Socialism  Business Organizations  Labor, Labor Organizations

DEMOGRAPHY  Demography, Disease  Human/ Environment Interaction  Patterns of Settlement  Geography, Region  Agriculture, Pastoralism

NEOLITHIC

Name: Period: Date:

Chapters 1, 2 & 3 Early Civilizations

Early Civilization

Main Social Classes

Government and Religion Govt. Monarchy:

Fertile Crescent (Sumer) 3500-300 BCE Stearns pg 1619

Impact of Environment Urbanization:

Culture, Art & Architecture Cuneiform:

City-State:

Scribe:

Religion Polytheistic:

Ziggurat: Artisan:

Govt. – Monarchy Autocracy:

Delta:

Pyramid: Hieroglyphics: Papyrus:

Theocracy: Scribe:

Egypt 3000-2000 BCE Stearns pg 1920

Polytheistic:

Geometry:

Roles of Men & Women – Gender Structure

Major Achievements Science, technology, inventions

Govt. – Monarchy

Indus 2500-1750 BCE Stearns pg 20, 24, 26

Govt. – Monarchy

Porcelain:

Dynasty: Ancestor worship:

China 2000-1500 BCE Stearns pg 20, 24, 26

Civilization Compare Fertile Crescent & China Compare Egypt &

Similarities

Differences

Map Directions: Label the location of each civilization listed on the chart on this map. Also label any major rivers associated with the civilization.

Name: Period: Date:

Early Belief Systems

Name of Religion

HINDUISM

BUDDHISM

CONFUCIANISM

Historical Context of Founding

Founder, date, place

Clergy – role of men/women

Social Hierarchy (not social classes)

Describe missionaries

How did it spread?

Where it spread in the world by 1000

Examples of art, architecture, etc.

DAOISM

JUDAISM

CHRISTIANITY

ISLAM

Belief System Compare Buddhism & Hinduism

Compare Christianity & Islam

Compare Confucianism & Hinduism

Compare Buddhism & Christianity

Similarities

Differences

Map Directions: Label the location where each belief system began & use arrows to show the spread of each religion. Use the following colors for each religion: Hinduism (purple); Buddhism (orange); Confucianism (blue); Daoism (black); Judaism (yellow); Christianity (red); Islam (green).