SSLC – SS – GEOGRAPHY – DISTINGUISH BETWEEN 2013-14
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GMT
IST
GMT means Greenwich Mean Time
IST means Indian Standard Time
It is calculated at 00 longitude
In India the centrally located longtitude 820.30’E has been selected as standard
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meridian for the whole country GMT is the reference time for the world IST is the official time for the whole of 3
time zone
India once 5 hours 30 minutes a head of GMT
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Meridian of GMT passes through London
Meridian of IST passes through Allahabad
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WESTERN GHATS
EASTERN GHATS
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It is a system of continuous hills. It
extends
from
Tapti
valley
It is a system of discontinuous hills. to It extends from Mahanadi river in Orissa
kaniyakumari
to Vaigai river in Tamil Nadu
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It is parallel to west coast line
It is almost parallel to east coast line.
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Most of the rivers originate in the Drain into Bay of Bengal. Western ghats drain into the Arabian Sea.
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The highest peak Dottapetta is in Nilgiris
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WEST COASTAL PLAINS
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The highest peak is Mahendra Giri.
EAST COASTAL PLAINS
The western coastal plain extend from The eastern coastal plain extend from ran of kutch to kanniya kumara
west Bengal to kanniya kumari
Northern Part – Konkan coast
Northern part – Northern circars
Southern part – Malabar coast
Southern part – coromandel coast
The plain has numberous back waters These plans has numerous lakes much as and lagoons
chilka, kolleru & pulicat lake
B. SRINIVASAN, GRADUATE TEACHER, GHS GANGALERI – 99943 94610
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WIND WARD SIDE
LEE WARD SIDE
The side of region of the landscape that The side or region of the landscape that 1
lies facing ward moist see wind is known opposite to moist see wind is known as as wind ward side West
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coastal
line
Lee ward side including Mubai, Eastern coastal line including pure and
Coastal Karnataka and northern kerala lie Bangalore lie on the Lee ward side on the wind ward side of western ghates
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Wind ward side received very heavy to Lee ward side receives scanty rainfall. heavy rainfall
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western Ghats
SOUTH WEST MONSOON
NORTH EAST MONSOON
South West Monsoon blows for June to North East Monsoon blows during September.
October and November.
These winds originate from Indian Ocean These winds blow from land to sea. to land These winds are moisture laden winds
It is cold dry wind.
These winds give heavy rainfall to These western coastal plan
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winds
give
heavy
rain
to
‘Coromandal’ Coast.
WESTERN DISTURBANCE
TROPICAL CYCLONES
Western Disturbances are winds that Tropical Cyclones are formed due to low 1
originate in Mediterranean sea and travel pressure area in Bay of Bengal and travel east ward across Iran and Pakistan
across Coromandel Coast.
Western Disturbances are moisture laden Cyclones are moisture laden and bring 2
winds
rainfall to Southern Andra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
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Western disturbances bring rainfall to Cyclones not only bring rainfall but also Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana.
damage life and property.
They bring snowfall to hill of Jammu and They do not bring snowfall to any of the Kashmir
hills.
B. SRINIVASAN, GRADUATE TEACHER, GHS GANGALERI – 99943 94610
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WEATHER
CLIMATE
Weather is a day to day condition of Climate is the average state of weather 1
atmosphere at any place in regard to for a longer period of time at any place. temperature, pressure, wind, humidity and rainfall.
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It is the condition of atmosphere for only To get reliable average of climate a a short period
minimum of 35 years is needed.
Weather of a place may change daily.
Climate of a place remains constant over a long period.
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LOO
NORWESTERS
Loo wind originate in desert area of blow Norwesters originate in Bay of Bengal 1
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over north and North western part of the blow over North and North Eastern part country
of country.
They are strong, dry as well as hot wind
They are strong as well as moisture laden winds
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They do not bring rainfall
They bring heavy to very heavy rainfall
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These winds are dry and dust storms
These winds are local thunder storms
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TROPICAL EVER GREEN FOREST
TROPICAL MONSOON FORESH
Evergreen forests are found in the Monsoon forest are found in areas where 1
regions where the range of annual rainfall range of annual rainfall is 100-200cm is more than 200 cm These forest are found in western slopes Monsoon forests cover a large area of
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of Western Ghats &north Eastern region southern as well as Northern India of India ebhony,mahagony,bamboo,rubber,teak,r
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sandalwood,sesham,sal&redwood
are
osewood,iron-wood trees are the trees the most commonly found in the are the trees found in these forest
monsoon forest
These forest are evergreen and do not They are not so dense as evergreen and 4
shed their leaves
shed their leaves in summer
B. SRINIVASAN, GRADUATE TEACHER, GHS GANGALERI – 99943 94610
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RENEWABLE RESOURCE Renewable
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resources
are
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
resources Non-renewable resources are resources
which can be reproduced again and again which cannot be replaced again after after utilization
utilization
The time taken to renew the resources They are formed over a very long 2
may be different from one resources to geological periods another
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Sunlight,air,water
forests
are Minerals like coal and petroleum are
examples of renewable resources
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and
examples of non renewable resources
WIND ENERGY
THERMAL ENERGY
It is produced from the speed of wind
it is produced by using coal petroleum,
using wind mill
natural gas etc.,
Tamilnadu, Andra Pradesh, Karnataka, Assam, Jharkhand, Uttarpradesh, West Gujarat, 2
Kerala,
Madhya
Pradesh,
Bengal and Tamilnadu depend mainly on
Maharashtra and Lakshadweep have
thermal electricity. Punjab, Haryana,
wind energy producing centers
Rajasthan , Karnataka, Kerala ,Orissa and Delhi have thermal energy producing centers
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The initial expenses for erection of wind The initial expenses are much more than mills are huge
wind energy
SUBSISTANCE AGRI CULTURE
COMMERCIAL AGRI CULTURE
In this tytpe crops are produced for In this type crops are produced on a large family consumption
scale
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Mainly food crops are produced
These crops are mainly cash crops
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This type of agriculture is known as This type of agriculture is otherwise “Intensive agriculture” called “Extensive agriculture” example: rice and wheat example: cereals, cotton, sugarcane, jute etc., The rest is sold in the nearby markets Exporting them to goods and services
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bought from overseas producers
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KHARIF CROP
RABI CROP
It is an important cropping season that It is an important cropping season that 1
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starts before monsoon and ends after starts at beginning of winter and ends at autumn season
beginning of summer
Duration- June to November
Duration-November to March
Eg: paddy, maize, cotton, millet, jute, Eg: wheat, tobacco, mustard, pulses, sugarcane
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linseed, grains
UNI-CROPPING
DUAL- CROPPING
If only one crop is raised in a field at a If only two crops are raised in a field at a time it is called as uni- cropping
time it is called as dual- cropping
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It is also known as mono cropping
It is also known as double cropping
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Eg: Tea ,coffee, sugarcane etc.,
Eg: wheat with mustard
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2
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MINERAL BASED INDUSTRY
AGRO BASED INDUSTRY
These industries use both metallic and These non metalliuc minerals as raw material
industries
use
agri
cultural
products as their raw materials
Ex: cotton textile industry and jute Ex: iron and steel industry industry
IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY
SOFTWARE INDUSTRY
These industries are based on mineral these industries are based on human resources
resources
These industries are applicable for both These industries are applicable only for skilled and unskilled labours
skilled and young professionals
Tisco, Bhilai, Bokaro
Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai
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AIRWAYS
WATER WAYS
Airways are the quickest, costliest most Waterways are the cheapest means of modern means of transport
transport
They carry passengers, freight and mail
They are most suitable for carrying heavy and bulky goods at low cost
They
link local, regional, national and Water ways are i8n the for of rivers,
international cites.
canals, backwaters seas and oceans.
Airways are classified into domestic Water ways are classified into island airway and international air ways.
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waterways and ocean routes.
ROAD WAYS
RAIL WAYS
Roadways are cost efficient and the most Indian Railways provide the principal 1
popular dominant mode of transport
mode of transport for freight and passengers
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They link different parts of our country
It brings people from the farthest corner of our country
It is used by all sections of people in the It promotes trade, tourism education and society
national integration
The roads are classified into village roads, Railway lines are classified into three District roads, State Highways, National categories namely Broad guage, Meter 4
Highway, Golden Quadrilateral Super Gauge and narrow guage. ways, Express ways, Border roads and international High ways. Road network in India is the second Indian railways is the second largest
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largest in the world accounting for 3,314 network in the world. It traverses across million km.
the length and breadth for 63,273 km connecting 7,025 stations.
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NATIONAL HIGHWAYS
National highways links the state capitals State highways links the state capitals with national capital
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with the different headquarters
They are maintained by the central public They are maintained by the state public works department(CPWD)
works department
Eg: Varanasi to Kanyakumari –NH-7
Eg: Cuddalore to Chitoor
Ernakulam to cochin-NH-47
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STATE HIGHWAYS
EXPORT
IMPORT
Export means goods and services sold for Import refers to goods and services foreign currency
bought from overseas producers
India exports nearly 7500 goods to 190 India imports nearly 6000 goods from countries of the world
140 countries
Eg: tea, spices, iron ore, leather, cotton, Eg: machines, transport equipments, 3
textile
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wheat, petroleum and newsprint
WATER POLLUTION
LAND POLLUTION
Water pollution is any chemical, physical Land pollution is contaminating the land or biological change in the quality of surface of the earth through dumping of water that has a harmful effect on any urban waste matter and it arises from 1
living thing that drinks or uses or lives in the breakage of underground storage it
tanks, application of pesticides and percolation of contaminated surface water
Water can also be polluted by a number Direct discharge of Industrial waste, oil 2
of organic compounds such as oil, plastics and fuel dumping leaking of waste from and pesticides in the water which are land fills are also the cauces of land harmful to humans and animals
pollution
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