SPAG terminology Year 2

Noun The name of a person, place, animal or thing. e.g. The cat sat on the mat (The noun is cat) The wild river flowed through the jungle. (The noun is river)

Proper nouns These are the name of a person or place, which needs a capital letter. E.g Northampton, Fred, England, Louise Adjectives This is a describing word. These normally describe the colour, size, shape, feel of the noun. There in front of him were spikey, green leaves. (The adjectives spikey, green describing the noun leaves) The vibrant, colourful bird fluttered in the midnight sky. (The adjectives are vibrant, colourful describing the birds and midnight describing the sky) Verbs These are a doing word or an action. e.g run, skip, hop, brush The crystal clear river was flowing quickly. (The verb is flowing) The dog raced down the dusty path. (The verb is raced)

Adverbs These are words used to describe how the verb is happening. They often end with the suffix ly. e.g quickly, slowly, gracefully, speedily, magestically The birds fluttered gracefully in the bright blue sky. (The adverb is gracefully, describing the verb fluttered) Slowly, the girl skipped down the road. (The adverb is slowly, describing the verb skipped) Noun phrases These are a simple sentence containing a description of the noun, it expand on a basic sentence. E.g he brought her a dress is a simple sentences He bought her a beautiful red dress. (This is a noun phrase) Mum bakes cookies is a simple sentence Mom baked tasty chocolate cookies. (This is a noun phrase) The phrase in bold makes it a noun phrase

Expanded noun phrase These sentence’s include adjectives, verbs and adverbs to describe the noun. The give you more information about the noun. E.g

The cute, small dog ran quickly. Instead of The

dog ran.

The garden was full of bright, colourful flowers softly swaying in the breeze. Instead of the garden was full of flowers.

Conjunctions Words that join two simple, short sentences to make a long sentence. E.g We went to the beach and built a large sandcastle. Sarah put on her red coat so she could go outside to play. Conjunctions we use are and, but, if, so, as, when, because, if, then.

Co-ordinating conjunction This is a conjunction placed between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal rank, e.g.

and, but, or.

e.g – Fred loves orange juice but love lemonade. We could see zebras at the zoo or we could see lions. The birds were chirping in the sky and the butterflies were chasing each other.

Subordinating conjunctions These are conjunctions that join a main sentence and a clause. The clause will not always make sense on its own without the subordinating conjunction to extend the main sentence. The subordinating conjunctions we use are Because, when, if, that

e.g Terry turned the light on when it was getting dark. (‘Terry turned the light on’ is the sentence that makes sense on its own. ‘It gets dark’ is the clause that does not make sense on its own right.) All the children liked their presents that they got for Christmas. (‘All the children liked their presents’ is the sentence that makes sense on its own. ‘They got for Christmas’ is the clause that needs the conjunction that for it to make sense) Lizzie likes carrots because she does not like peas. (‘Lizzie likes carrots’ is the main sentence. ‘She does not like peas’ is the clause that extends the main sentence.) I can go outside to play if it is not raining. (the main sentence is ‘I can go outside to play’ and he clause to extend the main sentence is ‘it is not raining’. The clause does not make sense on its own.)

Suffix A suffix is a group of letters added to the end of the word to change its meaning. e.g run

- running

enjoy – enjoyment happy – happiness The suffixes we use are ly, ing, ed, ment, ness, ful The suffix ing added to verbs into change them into present tense. E.g hang - hanging

The suffix ed

is added to verbs to change them

into the past tense. E.g look - looked The suffix ly is added to adjectives to change them into adverbs e.g quick – quickly The suffix ment is added to a verb e.g. enjoy enjoyment The suffix ness is added to adjectives e.g happy – happiness The suffix ful is added to describe e.g hope – hopeful Homophones These are words that sound the same but are spelled differently. They also have different meanings. e.g. blew and blue son and sun knight and night their and there and they’re Sentence types: There are four main types of sentences. Statements These are simple sentences punctuated with a full stop. e.g. the car drove quickly. The duck was sat by the pond.

Exclamations These are short sentences used to show excitement, worry, anger or surprise. These start with a How or What. e.g. How amazing! Wow! Questions These ask a simple question and are punctuated with a ? e.g Where are we going. Commands These give an instruction, or something you have to do. They can be punctuated with a full stop or an exclamation. E.g Get your coat. Come here now! Contractions These are when two words are shorten to make one word, using an apostrophe to mark the missing letters. e.g.: have not – haven’t (the apostrophe is for the missing o) you have – you’ve (the apostrophe is for the missing ha) Would not – wouldn’t (the apostrophe is for the missing o) If you have any other questions or concerns regarding SPAG, please do not hesitate to see a member of the Year 2 team. We would like to thank you again for your continued support.

Year 2.