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LAB 1 : Terminology & Microscopy Ex. 1, 2, 3 (p. 31-34) Exercise 1: Body Organization and Terminology Levels of Organization: Cells à Tissues Ex.

à

Organs à

Organ systems

à Organism

________ à __________ à __________ à ______________ à _________

Anatomical terms (based on anatomical position): Directional and Anatomical Terms: Superior – Inferior Anterior - Posterior Medial – Lateral Proximal – Distal Superficial – Deep Parietal - Visceral Sectional Anatomy: Sagittal Mid-sagittal Parasagittal Coronal (frontal) Transverse Oblique Organ Systems: Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Nervous Endocrine Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory

98 Digestive Urinary Reproductive Regional Anatomy: Cranial, axillary, abdominal, gluteal, calcaneal, etc…. 4 quadrants:

Body Cavities: Dorsal Cavity Cranial cavity Vertebral (spinal) cavity Ventral Cavity Thoracic cavity Pleural cavity Pericardial cavity Mediastinum Abdominopelvic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Serous Membranes: Pleural: Visceral & Parietal Pericardial: Visceral & Parietal Peritoneal: Visceral & Parietal

9 abdominopelvic regions:

99 Exercise 2: Care and Use of the Compound Light Microscope Parts: Arm Base Light source Condenser Stage Ocular lens Objective lenses Iris diaphragm Mechanical stage Nosepiece Coarse adjustment knob Fine adjustment knob Terms: Resolution Working distance Field of view Parfocal Depth of Field Magnification vs. Total Magnification Objective lens Scan Low High Oil

Magnification 4x

(Objective x Ocular) 4 x 10

Slides: “e” crossed threads wet mount of hair wet mount of cheek cells [Exercise 3, p.31-33] live specimen (Paramecium/ Euglena)

=

Total Magnification 40

100

101

Lab 2: Molecular Movement Exercise 4: Membrane Transport Passive processes: Diffusion Def.: Experiment 1: Diffusion in liquid (Groups of 4) Observation of MeBlue in water:

Experiment 2: Diffusion in a semi solid medium (Groups of 4) • petri dish with agar • remove two small plugs of agar with a straw • place KMnO4 (MW 158g) and MeBlue (MW 320g) within each well

Observation of the diffusion rate vs. particle weight:

Experiment 3: Diffusion and Membrane Permeability (Groups of 4) Color of solution in beaker: Color of solution in dialysis bag: IKI (iodine) à test for ___________ positive test = __________ Osmosis Def.: Experiment 4: Thistle tube osmometers (DEMO) 100% molasses

102 Experiment 5: Osmosis and living cells - red blood cells (Groups of 4) Observe (under the microscope) RBCs in each of the following solutions: 0.9% NaCl (isotonic)

100% dH2O (hypotonic)

Did you observe hemolysis or crenation?

10% NaCl (hypertonic)

Where?

Filtration (Groups of 4) Def.: Experiment 6: Pour solution of copper sulfate, charcoal, and starch through filter paper in a funnel over an empty beaker. Which passes through the filter paper into the beaker? Explain why or why not. Copper sulfate: Charcoal: Starch: Active Processes: (know definitions and examples of each) Active transport Endocytosis Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Exocytosis

103

Lab 3: Cell Division and Epithelial & Connective Tissue Ex 3, 30, 31 and 5 Ex. 3: Cell Structure and Cell Division (p. 35 – 37) Ex. 30: Male Reproductive System (p. 550-553) Ex. 31: Female Reproductive System (p. 563-564) Cell Cycle = Interphase + Mitosis Interphase: G0: G1: S: G2: Mitosis: Prophase: Metaphase: Anaphase: Telophase: Slide: Whitefish blastula Meiosis: Spermatogenesis Oogenesis:

Slides: Testis Sperm Ovary

104 Exercise 5: Epithelial and Connective Tissues Four main tissue types:

_______________

________________

_______________

________________

Epithelial tissue: Know characteristics, functions, and locations for each tissue type. Make a sketch of each cell type as you go through each of the slides. Simple squamous: Slide: Lung Mesothelium Simple cuboidal: Slide: Kidney (tubules)

Simple columnar: Slide: Villi of small intestines Goblet cells Stratified Squamous: Slide: Esophagus Skin – Palmer (epidermis)

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar: PSCCE Slide: Monkey trachea

Transitional: Slide: Transitional (urinary bladder)

Connective Tissues: Adipose (Fat): Slide: Adipose Dense irregular CT: Slide: Skin (dermis)

105

Lab 4: Integumentary System Ex. 6: The Integumentary System Regions of Cutaneous Membrane:

Functions:

Epidermis Dermis Epidermis Tissue type: 5 specific (cell) layers:

Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum {thick skin only} Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum germinativum (basale)

Dermis Tissue type: 2 specific layers:

Papillary layer Reticular layer

Hypodermis Tissue type: No specific layers. Not considered a region of the integument! Slide #1 Skin palmer [Thick skin] Identify: Regions Specific layers Tissue types Sweat glands

Slide #2: Scalp [Thin skin] Identify: Regions Tissue types Hair follicle Hair shaft Sebaceous glands Sweat glands

Skin Model Identify: All terms listed for slides plus: Arrector pili muscle

106

Tissue / Cell type

Region Epidermis

Dermis Hypodermis

Specific layers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2.