Smart Home Energy Management System with Renewable and Storage Energy Speaker : Hong-Tzer Yang （楊宏澤教授，國立成功大學電機系） Professor & Deputy Director Center for Energy Technology and Strategy Research Department of Electrical Engineering National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan

Outline

•Master Plan of Smart Grid in Taiwan •Smart Grid Implementation Plan in Taiwan •Smart Home/Building Energy Management System •Future Prospects

2

Master Plan of Smart Grid in Taiwan

3

Worldwide Smart Grid Status USA

 Reliability enhancement by information network and technology to shorten outage duration time. That is supported by DOE from EISA 2007.

EU

 20/20/20: CO2 reduction by 20% by 2020 compared with that of 1990. (AMI/AMR & EV)

Japan

 Smart Community alliance had made up by governor and manufacture, to demonstration the smart grid in Yokohama, Toyota, Kyoto, and Kitakyushu City.

China

Korea

 China announced the 12th 5-year plan, and will invest $250 billion (USD) in 7 areas (include generation, transmission, substation, distribution, dispatch, customer, and communication) for a strong and smart power grid.  There are three phases to 5 implementation areas from power grid to service, which are integrated at Jeju Island as a smart grid test-bed. 4

Smart Grid Master Plan in Taiwan  Smart Grid Master Plan is formally announced on 3 Sept. 2012.  We will invest about USD $4 billion in six implementation areas to construct smart grid infrastructure during 2011-2030.

5

Vision  To establish a high quality, high efficiency and environmental friendly smart grid to get forward the realization of the low carbon society and sustainable development. T&DAS

Renewable Energy

EMS

Energy Storage Systems

EV AMI (National AMI Deployment Plan) Renewable Energy: Onshore/Offshore Wind Farms/Solar Power/Energy Storage Systems

6

Objectives (1)To Ensure Reliable Power Supply: – The SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) should be maintained on the top five of the world in 2030. (2030:15.5min./year) – Reducing the power transmission loss from 4.8% to 4.4% in 2030. (2) To Encourage Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction: – Reducing 100 million ton CO2 emission per year in 2030. (3) To Enhance the Use of Green Energy: – Improving the renewable power interconnection capability to 30% in 2030. (4) To Develop Low-carbon Industry: – Driving smart grid industry to create NTD 700 billion 7 value in 2030.

Smart Grid Implementation Plan in Taiwan

8

Overview of Taiwan Power System GENERATION Fossil

DISTRIBUTION

TRANSMISSION 161/69 kV

Customer 161 kV

Customer 69 kV

P/S 345/161 kV 69/11.4 kV

Hydro

S/S E/S

TPC

22.8/11.4 kV

161/22.8 kV

Customer

Nuclear

D/S

6.9/13.8 167KVA Customer 220/110 V

*

9

Overview of Taiwan Power Company • Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) is a state-owned electric power utility providing electric power to Taiwan and off-shore islands

Reference ： Taipower www.taipower.com.tw

10

Overview of Taiwan Power System Peak Load: 33.79 GW (2011.08.18)

Installed Capacity : 41,501MW (2012.08) 1st Nuclear 1272MW

2nd Nuclear 1970M

TaTan 4384MW

● ●●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●●●● ●●●● ●● ● ●

●

Lungmen Nuclear 2700MW (Under Const.)

●● ●

science park Tung-Hsiao 1815MW

●

● ●

science park

Tai-Chung 5780MW

● ●● ●

●

●

●

●

Mai-Liao 1800MW IPP

●

●

Takua n PS

●

●

Ming-Tan Pumped Storage 1666 MW

● ●

Hsing-Ta 4326MW

● ● ●● ●

Legend

●

● ●

●

steel rolling mill

Ta-Lin 2400MW

Heavy Load 1.metropolis 2.industy park

(science park, steel rolling mill)

●

●

PengHu

Chingshan Hydro (Under Techi Rehabilitation) Hydro

●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ●

(Talin Rebuild1600MW Under Implement.) ●

3rd Nuclear 1902MW

Nuclear Power Thermal Power plants Plants Power plants Hydro IPPs Extra High Voltage Substation Primary Substation 345KV Transmission Line Transmission 161KV Line

Taiwan Power Company

Total energy production: 142,838 GWh (2012.08)

11

Nuclear Power Plants in Taiwan Jinshan 1st Nuclear Power Plant

Reference ： Taipower www.taipower.com.tw

Station 1st Jinshan Nuclear Power Plant 2

nd

Kuosheng Nuclear Power Plant

3rd Maanshan Nuclear Power Plant 4 Lungmen Nuclear Power Plant th

Kuosheng 2nd Nuclear Power Plant

Lungmen 4th Nuclear Power Plant

Maanshan 3rd Nuclear Power Plant Set

Capacity (MW) Status

1

636

Retire in 2018

2

636

Retire in 2019

1

985

Retire in 2021

2

985

Retire in 2023

1

951

Retire in 2024

2

951

Retire in 2024

1

1350

Operate in 2014

2

1350

Operate in 2016 12

Overview of Taiwan Power System • Energy Policy of Taiwan a. Steadily Reducing Nuclear Dependency  a)No extension to life spans of existing plants, and the decommissioning plan should be launched as planned. b)The security of the 4th Nuclear Power Plant must be ensured prior its commercial operation.

b. Replacing Nuclear with LNG for Base Load LNG total installation capacity is expected to reach 26,532 MW (accounting for 40% of total capacity of power installations) by 2030.

c. Promoting Renewable Energy Extensively Under the campaign of “one thousand wind mills” and “one million sunshine roofs”, the installed capacity of renewable energy is expected to reach 12,502 MW (accounting for 16% of total power installations) by 2030. 13

Smart Grid Implementation Plan in Taiwan (1) Strategies a. Smart Generation & Dispatching a)Upgrade traditional thermal power generation efficiency b)Integrate large scale renewable energies

b. Smart Transmission a)Increase transmission grid efficiency and reliability using new technologies b)Enhance capability of asset management

c. Smart Distribution a)Improve the reliability of distribution network b)Increase the penetration of distributed renewable energy

d. Smart Customer a)Improve energy usage efficiency through participation b)Reduce peak load by way of demand response

customer 14

PCC

80kW Diesel Generator

Microgrid System

Strategic Initiatives of Smart Grid in Taiwan (cont.)

ADAS

In Data Center: Billing/Customer service Distribution automation Energy management Outage management

Data Center

AMI

Smart Home

Meter (AMI) is the interface between customer loads and energy management systems and the grid

Southern California Edison

15

Objectives of Taiwan’s Smart-Grid Action Plan Phases Objectives SAIDI (min/customer ． year)

Reduced transmission loss (%)

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

2012-2015

2016-2020

2021-2030

21

17.5

16

15.5

4.72

4.64

4.54

4.42

2011

Improve power supply 64 items solve 20% solve 40% Ensured Reliable bottleneck

Power Supply

Smart Substation

-

DAS

70%

AMI (meters)

solve 80%

25 stations 303stations 583 stations 80%

HV 23,000 HV 1,200 LV 1M

88%

100%

LV 6M

National Wide Deployment 16

Objectives of Taiwan’s Smart-Grid Action Plan

Objectives Energy Conservation and Emission-Reduction Enhance the Use of Green Energy Develop Low-carbon Industry

Phases Currently EmissionReduction

Phase I

Phase II

Phase III

2011

20122015

2016-2020

2021-2030

-

11.78

35.99

114.71

15%

20%

30%

(million Ton./year)

Improving renewable power interconnection 10% under capacity (penetration)

Smart Grid Revenues (NTD)

25 billion 100 billion 300 billion 700 billion

17

Reserve Margin (%) in Taiwan Reserve capacity (MW) = Net Peaking Capability - Peak Load Reserve margin (%) =

Reserve Capacity Peak Load

× 100%

80

Reserve Margin (%)

60

40

20

0

-20

-40

1950

1960

1970

Reference ： Taipower www.taipower.com.tw

1980

1990

2000

2010

year

18

Status of DR Program in Taiwan • Qualifications – Usual Capacity Contract >500kW

• Demand Reduction Hours – When demand reduction is required, users will be notified 15 min, 30 min or 1 hour ahead. – The demand reduction period can last for 2 or 4 hours based on user’s choice

• Frequency of DR Operation – Maximum reduction time is once a day – At least once per month during Summer – At least twice during non-Summer

• DR Capacity Contract – Contract is agreed by both sides, but not less than the minimum DR contracted capacity – Minimum DR contracted capacity is calculated as follows: • If usual contracted capacity is less than 5000kW, DR reduction rate should be no less than 20% • If usual contracted capacity is more than 5001kW, DR reduction rate should be no less than 10%

19

Status of DR Program in Taiwan (cont.) • Electricity Bill Reduction – Customer’s electricity bill will be deducted by how long ahead they choose to be notified for DR operation US$:NT$ = 1:30

Notification Time

Base Charge Reduction (NT$/kW/month)

Energy charge Reduction (NT$/kWh)

15 min ahead

20

8

30 min ahead

20

6

1 hour ahead

20

4

20

2011:System Planning and Interface development

Home Energy Management System

Contents

AC Power Line from Taipower Grid

Electricity Tariff Structure

Technical Specifications and Standards

(許志義教授) (李偉仁教授)

(莊哲男教授) (陳建富教授) （林政廷經理）

AMI

Data Collection Management Load Pattern Analysis Weather, Load, and Real-time Prediction System Multi-objective Decision Making System Temperature and Humidity, illumination sensing control (許志義教授) Chip Design EMS Software Interface Remote data and program burning (蘇木春教授) and Fabrication (黃燕昌教授) (郭泰豪教授) Personal Computer EMS Software Development (黃昭明教授) (郭永超教授)

DS2 PLC

WiFi AP

(陳建富教授) (王醴教授) (楊宏澤教授)

WiFi AP

Micro Inverter (陳建富教授) (楊宏澤教授) (王醴 教授) (蔡孟伸教授)

PV

Home Gateway

Ethernet

DS2 PLC

WiFi AP

DS2 PLC

ARM11 Processor SD Memory (廖炯州教授) Embedded System Design

(蔡孟伸教授) NILM1 RS485

(蔡孟伸教授)

Hardware Communication Interface (曹孝櫟教授) NILM2

2012:Smart Building EMS Demonstration

Ethernet

WiFi

PLC

PV DS2 PLC

RS232 Zigbee Coordinator

WT

Zigbee (蔡孟伸教授)

NILM: Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

DS2 PLC

WiFi/RS232 Bridge

DS2 PLC EV

Zigbee Device

Setup Box

DS2 PLC Bi-directional Charger

2013:All System Integration and Cost Effectiveness Analysis

(許志義教授) (蘇木春教授) TV Display

(楊宏澤教授) (黃燕昌教授) (黃昭明教授)

Battery DS2 PLC

21

Low Voltage AMI Timeline

1’st Stage (Tech.test)

2’nd Stage (Preliminary Installation)

Year

Meter NO. to be installed

Working Items

2009

50

Communication Technology Testing

2010

300~500

Define Function and standard Test platform Plan

2011

10,000

MIDMS Meter Function Test Meter Function Std. ID. Construct Test Platform Construct New TOU FEEs

2012

Technology Confirm & C/B Ass. 3’rd Stage (Fundamental Installation)

2013

1,000,000

2014

Meters Installation New TOU Fee Execution Load Management and Demand Response Study

2015 Cost/Benefit Assessment 4’th Stage (Extended Installation

2016 ->

5,000,000

Reference ： Taipower www.taipower.com.tw

Construct Distribution Automation Apply Load Management and Demand Response

22

Advanced Metering Infrastructure Communication

Energy Meters Load

Smart Appliances

Smart Meters

Distribution

Load Shedding/ Energy Saving Local area network, i.e. PLC, WiFi, ZigBee

Home Automation Network Transmission and Distribution Control and Management Devices

Decision making/ Services

Aggregator

Data Management System

Wide Area Network, i.e. GPRS/3G, WiMax, Optical fiber

Communication Equipment

Energy Control Platform

FTU (Feeder Terminal Unit) Transmission PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit)

Electrical System Supplying Optimization

Power Plant Management System

Generation

 Transparent Energy Info.  Real-time Demand Analysis  Optimized Electricity Dispatch

23

Residential Renewable Energy Systems Module Inverter 　

IC Design

(Increase the efficiency and lower the partial shading effects)

(Lower the Cost)

v o1=V1∠φ1 =

=

=

~ ~

Home Gateway 家庭閘道器 (Energy management (最佳化電能管理決策) optimization) Wired/Wireless Communication Zigbee, PLC (Protocols, Standards …)

io1

PV generation System 太陽能發電系統 Power Factor Correction 　

v o2=V 2∠φ 2

(Increase the efficiency)

=

=

=

~ ~

v g=V g∠φ g STS

io2

Pg

Wind風力發電系統 Power System V o3=V 3∠φ3 =

=

Energy Storage System or EV 　 儲能系統 or 電動車 Increase the electricity supply reliability and coordinate with energy management optimization

=

~

io2

PCC

市電 Utility 電網 Grid 110V ac, 60Hz

Islanding Detection Insures system stability by fast detection with minimized NDZ

Residential 家庭負載 Load

24

Home Area Network AC power line

User and machine monitoring and control system

WiFi Ethernet

e-meter

Home Gateway PLC slave

RS232

RS232 e-meter

Zigbee receiver

PLC master

Ethernet

Zigbee

IPTV

NILM technique

Ethernet Zigbee

Zigbee meter module



Internet

Home gateway



PLC slave

datacenter

Power meter with NILM functions

 Datacenter

C elctriyfom A panu tilycom

Internet

25

Renewable Energies in a Smart Home Digital Signal Processor (DSP) programing design: MPPT control, Power factor correction (PFC) control (Wind-turbine), charging/discharging control, grid-connected control, power flow control, islanding detection…

Solar generator

Smart meter DC

User and machine monitoring and control system

AC Utility Grid 110 V, 60 Hz

Inverter

Wifi

Smart phone Internet

AC

W ind power generator

AC Inverter

home electricity consumption

Personal computer

Storage system Power conversion circuit design and implementation: DC-DC Converter, Inverter, soft-switching technology, high step-up technology, bi-direction charging circuit…

26

Computing Intelligence Applications in Smart Home EMS Smart Home Energy Management System AMI WiFi AP

PLC

PLC Zigbee

ADA S

NILM Ethernet

WAN

Home Gateway: (1) Scheduling Optimization of Home appliances (2) Air-condition (Lighting) Optimization Control (3) EV Smart Charging Scheduling

PV

PV

PLC Zigbee

User and Machine Monitoring and Control System: (1) Residential Load Forecasting

Battery

WT

Appliences PLC

Zigbee Device

(2) Solar/Wind Power Generation Prediction

EV

PLC

PLC

27

Fuzzy Logic Control Algorithm for Airconditioners low

medium

high

22o

Temperature and humidity

32o

Calculate Humidity Index 24.5o

29.5o

Adjustable Fuzzy Rule low

Electricity Tariff

$0.1/kWh medium

medium low

$0.13/kWh

IR

high

low

medium

high

low

28

27

26

medium

OFF

28

27

high

OFF

28

28

$0.23/kWh high

$0.18/kWh

26℃ 27 ℃ 28 ℃ 關

Zigbee module Zigbee behavior learning

0

0.25

0.5 0.75

1

Home Gateway

28

Residential Load Forecasting Neural network 1 : primary forecasting

Similar day selection Input Signal

x1

Synaptic Weights

wj1 N o n - S c h e d u la b le L o a d F o r e c a s t o f a T y p ic a l L a rg e H o u s e o n J u ly 1 0 t h

x2

wj2

4000

Σ

F

Output

yj

A c tu a l D a ta F o re c a s te d D a ta

3500

xm

Activation Function

wjm

＋ ＋

History data

Neural network 2 : error forecasting Input Signal

wj1

x2

wj2

xm

wjm

Σ

F

2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 :0 0

Synaptic Weights

x1

P o w e r C o n s u m p tio n (W a tts )

3000

4 :0 0

8 :0 0

1 2 :0 0 D a te

1 6 :0 0

2 0 :0 0

2 4 :0 0

Output

yj

Activation Function

29

Scheduling Optimization of Home Appliances Time-of-use P r o p o s e d T im e - o f - U s e P r ic e

4

Optimization objective

3 .5 Price ($/kWh)

3 2 .5

Min (Cost) Subject to : • Comfort level • Convenience

2 1 .5 1 0 .5 0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

Time (hour)

Residential load forecasting result

Optimization solving methods:

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Simulated Annealing (SA) Genetic Algorithms (GA)

N o n -S c h e d u la b le L o a d F o re c a s t o f a T y p ic a l L a r g e H o u s e o n J u ly 1 0 t h

4000 A c tu a l D a ta F o re c a s te d D a ta

3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

Scheduled Loads of a Typical Medium House

Scheduled Loads of a5000 Typical Medium House

500

8 :0 0

1 2 :0 0 D a te

1 6 :0 0

2 0 :0 0

2 4 :0 0

Renewable energy generation forecasting P V O u tp u t P o w e r o f a S P 7 5 M o d u le 50 45

4000

4000

3000

3000

2000

2000

40 35

1000

1000

30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 :0 0

5000

Power Consumption (Watts)

4 :0 0

Power Consumption (Watts)

0 0:00

P V O u tp u t P o w e r (W )

P o w e r C o n s u m p t io n (W a t t s )

3500

4 :0 0

8 :0 0

1 2 :0 0 T im e

1 6 :0 0

2 0 :0 0

0 0

10

0

0 30 20 Time (30min)

10 40

Base Load Stove Refrigerator Freezer Air-Conditioner Clothes Dryer Clothes Washer Dishwasher Electric Water Heater Electric Vehicle 20 50 30 40 Time (30min)

2 4 :0 0

30

SHEMS User Interface Design – Web Based

31

SHEMS User Interface Design – APP Based • Android based APP Design

32

Standard and Specification - OpenADR Web-base Transport Infrastructure OpenADR v2.0c STANDARD PARTICPANT INTERFACE

Utility or ISO

Demand Response Automation Server (DRAS)

Internet Operators Information System

OpenADR v2.0c

STANDARD PARTICPANT INTERFACE

OpenADR 2.0

Internet Aggregated Loads

OpenADR v2.0a CLIR Meter

Relay contacts

Simple EMCS

DRAS Client

Smart DRAS Client Gateway

Gateway

Gateway

control network

control network

control network

control network

control network

control network

W W W Electric Loads

W W W Electric Loads

W W W Electric Loads

W W W Electric Loads

W W W Electric Loads

W W W Electric Loads

Gateway

SEP 2.0/SAANet

OpenADR Alliance for OpenADR v2.0 with a 、 b 、 c versions: OpenADR v2.0a  DRAS ↔ Simple DARS Client OpenADR v2.0b  DRAS ↔ All DRAS Client OpenADR v.2.0c  Utility & Renewable ↔ Client

DR transmission mode --Pull mode---Push mode--

33

Nonintrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) Smarter Meter developed for NILM 3-CH PT input

5V DC input

ADE7878

4-Chennel CT input

5V Power Supply Module

3-Phase Votlage input

NAND

RS485

Xbee Pro Module

SRAM

STM32F

SD Card

Ethernet

JTAG

34

Structure of Hardware STM32F103 ARM Cortex-M3 I2C1

3-Phases I&V input

ADE7878 SPI1

LEDs and buttons

microSD Card

USART1

RS232 expansion

USART2

Xbee pro module

USART3

Isolated RS485 ADI / ADM2587E 1M bytes SRAM ISSI / IS61WV51216

GPIO FSMC

SDIO

1G bytes NAND Flash Samsung / K9F8G08 Ethernet IC DAVICOM / DM9000A

AC

NFM-05-05 5W Power supply module

+5V Battery

RTC

512KB Flash

64KB SRAM

RJ45 Connector HR91105A

35

Applications of the Smarter Meter for NILM

AC power supply system

House 36

Applications (Cont.) 110V/60Hz voltage

current

time

of an appliance and its state

37

Application (Cont.)

voltage current

38

Application (Cont.)

39

Application (Cont.)

Power consumption

Detected appliances and their state transitions

time

40

Application (Cont.)

Power consumption

Estimate and decompose the total power consumption

Time (Hour)

41

Application (Cont.) 125kWh/month

$25.00

120kWh/month

$24.00

90kWh/month

$18.00

43kWh/month

$ 8.60

12kWh/month

$ 2.40

42

Smart Building Energy Management System (SBEMS) Demonstration (1)Propose Electricity Tariff Structure (2)Intergrate systems of all the sub-projects (3)Define the control structure and strategy of DR (4) Demonstrate the SBEMS (5) Analyze costs/benefits

Advanced Distribution Automation Systems Wind Power System

AMI Data Center

PV System

Communication 69kV Substation

Utility Grid

Power line Zigbee

AMI Zigbee

AMI NILM

PLC

Gateway NILM

PLC

User And Machine Monitoring and Control System

Laboratory

Gateway PC

National Cheng Kung University Tainan City

PC Refrigerator

Priter

Office

Charge Station

Electric Vehicles

43

Future Prospects

44

Low-Carbon Island Project in Penghu • Low Carbon Island Project in Penghu (59km from Taiwan, inhabitants 89,000, average load 45MW, peak load 83MW)

Su

Yunlin Taiwan

Penghu

Submarine Power Cable

45

Low-Carbon Island Project in Penghu • To verify and demonstrate the key technologies and related business models AMI (Startup 500 Meters/

Solar thermal

total user 30,000) Solar PV

Micro-grid

(2MW) Wind Farm

Large-scale Wind Farm

(96MW) Smart Substation Auto. Diesel Generators EMS/DSM, ToU & DR Model

Small-scale Wind Farm

(220kW)

over 200 Customer Side Service/ Electrical Vehicle (include E. Motorcycle and Management Charging Stations)

46

Low-Carbon Island Project in Penghu • A field demonstration of low-carbon green living, lowcarbon services, and carbon-reduction technologies • Combining with tourism service to have negative demand growth in low-carbon homes  In 2015, the target of having a decrease of 50% of carbon emissions compared to 2005 to be reached  In 2015, 50% of renewable energy penetration level  Electricity consumption growth rate to be dropped by 7%, and per capita carbon emission to be reduced to 2.1 tons per year.  Establishing investment model of Taiwan's first large-scale wind turbine in prefectural stock (the benefit of the island to be 1.6 times more) 47

Thank You for Your Attention!

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