Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
SHAKESPEARE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY In the eighteenth century, Shakespeare became indisputably the most popular English dramatist. Published editions, dramatic performances and all kinds of adaptations of his works proliferated and his influence on authors and genres was extensive. By the second half of the century, Shakespeare’s status had been fully established, and since that time he has remained central to English culture. Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century explores the impact he had on various aspects of culture and society: not only in literature and the theatre, but also in visual arts, music, and even national identity. The eighteenth century’s Shakespeare, however, was not our Shakespeare. In recovering the particular ways in which his works were read and used during a crucial period in his reception, this book, with its many illustrations and annotated bibliography, is the clearest way into understanding a key phase in the reception of the playwright. f i o n a ri t c h i e is Assistant Professor of English at McGill University, Canada. p e t e r s a b o r is Canada Research Chair and Professor of English at McGill University.
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
SHAKESPEARE IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY edi t ed by FIONA RITCHIE AND PETER SABOR
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sa˜o Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cb2 8ru, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521898607 # Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2012 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shakespeare in the eighteenth century / edited by Fiona Ritchie, Peter Sabor. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-521-89860-7 (Hardback) 1. Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616–Criticism and interpretation–History–18th century. 2. Shakespeare, William, 1564–1616–Influence. 3. English-speaking countries–Intellectual life–18th century. I. Ritchie, Fiona. II. Sabor, Peter. pr2976.s3376 2012 822.30 3–dc23 2011042776 isbn 978-0-521-89860-7 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
Contents
List of illustrations Notes on contributors Acknowledgements Short titles
page vii ix xii xiii
Introduction
1
Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor
part i the dissemination and reception of shakespeare in print 1 Editing and publishing Shakespeare
21
Marcus Walsh
2 Criticism of Shakespeare
41
Jack Lynch
3 Shakespeare in the reviews
60
Antonia Forster
4 Shakespeare discoveries and forgeries
78
Brean Hammond
part ii shakespeare in literature 5 Shakespeare in poetry
99
David Fairer
6
Shakespeare in the novel
118
Thomas Keymer
v
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
Contents
vi 7 Shakespeare in drama
141
Tiffany Stern
part iii shakespeare on the stage 8 Shakespeare and the London stage
161
Robert Shaughnessy
9 Shakespeare adaptation
185
Jenny Davidson
10 Shakespeare and opera
204
Michael Burden
part iv memorializing shakespeare 11 Shakespeare and the visual arts
227
Shearer West
12 Shakespeare and the Stratford Jubilee
254
Kate Rumbold
13 Shakespeare and English nationalism
277
Kathryn Prince
part v shakespeare in the wider world 14 Shakespeare and the French Revolution
297
Frans De Bruyn
15 Shakespeare and Germany
314
Roger Paulin
16 Shakespeare and philosophy
331
Philip Smallwood
Reference guide to Shakespeare in the eighteenth century
349
Frans De Bruyn
Index
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
Illustrations
1
2 3 4
5
6 7 8 9 10
11
Giovanni Battista Cipriani, Shakespeare Striding through a Storm-Ridden Landscape, wall painting at Standlynch Park (c.1770). Standlynch Park was renamed Trafalgar Park in 1813 in honour of Admiral Nelson’s family. # Michael J. Wade (the current owner). For more information, see www.trafalgarpark.com page 2 Title-page of Lewis Theobald’s Double Falshood (1728) 79 Frontispiece to Henry VIII in Nicholas Rowe’s edition of Shakespeare (1709) 175 James McArdell after Benjamin Wilson, Mr Garrick in the Character of King Lear, mezzotint (1761). # Trustees of the British Museum 179 Valentine Green after Johan Joseph Zoffany, Mr Garrick and Mrs Pritchard in the Tragedy of Macbeth, mezzotint (1776). # Trustees of the British Museum 180 Frontispiece to The Tempest in Nicholas Rowe’s edition of Shakespeare (1709) 193 Frontispiece to Hamlet in Nicholas Rowe’s edition of Shakespeare (1709) 228 Henry Fuseli, Lady Macbeth Seizing the Daggers, oil on canvas (exhibited 1812). # Tate, London 2011 229 John Hamilton Mortimer, Lear, etching (1775). Courtesy of the Huntington Art Collections, San Marino, California 234 William Hogarth, David Garrick as Richard III, oil on canvas (c.1745). Courtesy of National Museums Liverpool (Walker Art Gallery) 237 David Garrick (1717–79) Reclining against a Bust of Shakespeare, after Thomas Gainsborough, oil on canvas
vii
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12
13
14
15
16
17
List of illustrations (c.1769). Charlecote Park, The Fairfax-Lucy Collection (The National Trust). # NTPL/Derrick E. Witty Caroline Watson after Joshua Reynolds, The Death of Cardinal Beaufort, stipple and etching (1792). # Trustees of the British Museum James Gillray, Shakespeare Sacrificed; or, the Offering to Avarice, hand-coloured etching and aquatint (1789). # Trustees of the British Museum Henry Fuseli, Design for ‘The Tempest’, pen and brown ink with grey wash over graphite (1777–8). # Trustees of the British Museum Detail of handkerchief depicting satirical images of the Shakespeare Jubilee (1769). # The Shakespeare Birthplace Trust Caroline Watson after Robert Edge Pine, Garrick, Standing on the Right, Declaiming in Front of a Full-Length Statue of Shakespeare Surrounded by Characters from the Plays, stipple engraving (1784). # Trustees of the British Museum John Philip Kemble as Coriolanus in ‘Coriolanus’ by William Shakespeare, after Thomas Lawrence, oil on canvas (after 1798). # Victoria and Albert Museum, London
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245
247
249
263
270
290
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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-89860-7 - Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Fiona Ritchie and Peter Sabor Frontmatter More information
Contributors
michael burden is Professor in Opera Studies at Oxford University and is a Fellow in Music at New College, Oxford, where he is also Dean. His published research is on the stage music of Henry Purcell and aspects of music and dance in the London theatre in the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He is currently completing books on the staging of opera in London from 1660 to 1860, and on the London years of the soprano Regina Mingotti. jenny davidson is Associate Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. She has published two books on eighteenth-century literature and culture: Hypocrisy and the Politics of Politeness: Manners and Morals from Locke to Austen (2004) and Breeding: A Partial History of the Eighteenth Century (2009). frans de bruyn is Professor of English at the University of Ottawa. His publications include Dictionary of Literary Biography: Eighteenth-Century British Literary Scholars and Critics (as editor, 2010), ‘William Shakespeare and Edmund Burke: Literary Allusion in Eighteenth-Century British Political Rhetoric’, in Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century, ed. Peter Sabor and Paul Yachnin (2008), and The Literary Genres of Edmund Burke (1996). david fairer is Professor of Eighteenth-Century English Literature at the University of Leeds. His most recent book, Organising Poetry: The Coleridge Circle 1790–1798 (2009), traces the development of English poetry during the 1790s, building on the concerns of his previous comprehensive study, English Poetry of the Eighteenth Century, 1700–1789 (2003). antonia forster is Professor of English at the University of Akron. Her publications include an edition of The Taming of the Shrew for Sourcebooks (2008), Index to Book Reviews in England 1749–1774 (1990) and Index to Book Reviews in England 1775–1800 (1997). She edited (with James Raven) volume i (1770–1799) of The English Novel 1770–1829: A Bibliographical Survey of Prose Fiction Published in the British Isles (2000). ix
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Notes on contributors
brean hammond is Professor of Modern English Literature at the University of Nottingham. His most recent books are a monograph on Jonathan Swift for the Irish Academic Press (2010) and an edition of Lewis Theobald’s Double Falsehood for the Arden Shakespeare series (2010). thomas keymer is Chancellor Jackman Professor of English at the University of Toronto and general editor of The Review of English Studies. His books include Sterne, the Moderns, and the Novel (2002), Richardson’s Clarissa and the Eighteenth-Century Reader (paperback reprint, 2004) and editions of works by Defoe, Fielding and Johnson. jack lynch is Professor of English at Rutgers University in Newark, New Jersey. He is the author of The Age of Elizabeth in the Age of Johnson (2003), Becoming Shakespeare: The Unlikely Afterlife that Turned a Provincial Playwright into the Bard (2007) and Deception and Detection in Eighteenth-Century Britain (2008). He is also editor of The Age of Johnson: A Scholarly Annual. roger paulin is Emeritus Schro¨der Professor of German at the University of Cambridge and is a Fellow of Trinity College. His book The Critical Reception of Shakespeare in Germany 1682–1914: Native Literature and Foreign Genius appeared in 2003; he has edited Shakespeare im 18. Jahrhundert (2007) and Great Shakespeareans III: Voltaire, Goethe, Schlegel, Coleridge (2010). kathryn prince is Assistant Professor in the Department of Theatre at the University of Ottawa. She has published the monograph Shakespeare in the Victorian Periodicals (2008) as well as chapters in Shakespeare and Childhood (2007) and The Working-Class Intellectual in Eighteenthand Nineteenth-Century Britain (2009). Her biography of Dame Judi Dench is forthcoming in Continuum’s Great Shakespeareans series. fiona ritchie is Assistant Professor of Drama and Theatre in the Department of English at McGill University. Her research focusses on gender and long eighteenth-century theatre history. She has published on women and Shakespeare in the eighteenth century in venues including Shakespeare Survey and is currently completing a monograph on that subject. kate rumbold is Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Birmingham. She has published on Shakespeare’s reception and quotation from his own lifetime to the present day, and is completing books on Shakespeare in the eighteenth-century novel and, with Kate McLuskie, on the value of Shakespeare in twenty-first-century culture.
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Notes on contributors
xi
peter sabor is Canada Research Chair in Eighteenth-Century Studies and Director of the Burney Centre at McGill University. His publications include Shakespeare and the Eighteenth Century, co-edited with Paul Yachnin (2008), and Pamela in the Marketplace: Literary Controversy and Print Culture in Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland, co-authored with Thomas Keymer (2005). robert shaughnessy is Professor of Theatre at the University of Kent. His publications include a volume on Margaret Woffington, co-edited with Nicola Shaughnessy, in the Pickering & Chatto Lives of Shakespearean Actors series (2008), The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare and Popular Culture (2007), and The Routledge Guide to William Shakespeare (2011). philip smallwood was for many years Professor of English at Birmingham City University and is currently Visiting Fellow in the School of Humanities at Bristol University. His publications include Reconstructing Criticism (2003) and Johnson’s Critical Presence (2004). He is co-editor of a collection of literary and critical-cultural manuscripts by the British philosopher R. G. Collingwood (2005). tiffany stern is Professor of Early Modern Drama at Oxford University. Her publications include Rehearsal from Shakespeare to Sheridan (2000) and Documents of Performance in Early Modern England (2009). She has written articles on the eighteenth-century editors Samuel Johnson and Lewis Theobald and has edited Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s The Rivals (2004) and George Farquhar’s The Recruiting Officer (2010). marcus walsh is Kenneth Allott Professor of English Literature at the University of Liverpool. His publications include Shakespeare, Milton, and Eighteenth-Century Literary Editing (1997) and essays on Shakespeare editing in the eighteenth century. He has edited Swift’s A Tale of a Tub and Other Works (2010) and is an associate editor of The Oxford Companion to the Book (2010). shearer west is Professor and Head of Humanities at Oxford University. She has published many books and articles on aspects of eighteenth-, nineteenth- and twentieth-century European art, including The Image of the Actor: Verbal and Visual Representation in the Age of Garrick and Kemble (1991), Italian Culture in Northern Europe in the Eighteenth Century (as editor, 1998), The Visual Arts in Germany 1890–1939 (2000) and Portraiture (2004).
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Acknowledgements
We thank the contributors to Shakespeare in the Eighteenth Century for making this volume possible and for offering such rich and wide-ranging analyses of the subject. Special thanks are due to Frans De Bruyn for producing the ‘Reference guide’. We were fortunate to have Hilary Havens as a superbly capable and diligent research assistant and we received further expert assistance from Katie Gemmill, Will Robinson and Tom Fish. The support and wise counsel of Linda Bree at Cambridge University Press was invaluable. We thank Michael J. Wade for his kind permission to reproduce the cover image. We are grateful to Rosalyn Smith of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust and all of the institutions which allowed us to reproduce images in the volume. We are also indebted to our former Chair of Department and fellow Shakespearean, Paul Yachnin. For generous financial support, Fiona Ritchie thanks the Fonds que´be´cois de recherche sur la socie´te´ et la culture, while Peter Sabor thanks the Canada Research Chairs Program and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Our largest debts are, respectively, to our closest companions: Andrew and Marie.
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Short titles
All Shakespeare quotations, unless otherwise noted, are from The Riverside Shakespeare, ed. G. Blakemore Evans, 2nd edn (Boston; New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1997). Bate, Constitutions Cunningham, Garrick Diary of Pepys Dobson, National Poet Johnson on Shakespeare Montagu, Essay Plays of Garrick
Vickers, Critical Heritage
Jonathan Bate, Shakespearean Constitutions: Politics, Theatre, Criticism 1730–1830 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989) Vanessa Cunningham, Shakespeare and Garrick (Cambridge University Press, 2008) The Diary of Samuel Pepys, ed. Robert Latham and William Matthews, 11 vols. (London: G. Bell, 1970–83) Michael Dobson, The Making of the National Poet: Shakespeare, Adaptation and Authorship, 1660–1769 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992) Johnson on Shakespeare, ed. Arthur Sherbo, Yale Edition of the Works of Samuel Johnson, vols. vii–viii (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1968) Elizabeth Montagu, An Essay on the Writings and Genius of Shakespear, Compared with the Greek and French Dramatic Poets (London, 1769) David Garrick, The Plays of David Garrick, ed. Harry William Pedicord and Fredrick Louis Bergmann, 7 vols. (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1980–2) Brian Vickers (ed.), Shakespeare: The Critical Heritage, 6 vols. (London: Routledge, 1974–81)
xiii
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