Eighteenth Summer Session of Salzburg Law School on International Criminal Law, Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law Sunday 31 July – Wednesday 10 August 2016

Salzburg Law School on International Criminal Law, Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law Founded by Otto Triffterer in collaboration with ELSA Salzburg at the Salzburg Law Faculty ________ Continued by the Salzburg Law Faculty under the

direction of Astrid Reisinger Coracini

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Eighteenth Summer Session, Sunday 31 July – Wednesday 10 August 2016 Academic Programme: Astrid Reisinger Coracini Executive Team: Anna Blumauer, Bernhard Zwein

Achieving International Criminal Justice by Safeguarding the Principle of Equality for Unequal Perpetrators of Crimes Under International Law

Points of contact and venues SLS Hotline xxxx, Anna Blumauer xxxx, Bernhard Zwein Accommodation Hotel Kolpinghaus, Adolf-Kolping-Straße 10, 5020 Salzburg, Phone: xxxx Opening Ceremony ‘Alte Aula’, Library of the University of Salzburg, Hofstallgasse 2-4 (just across the ‘Festspielhaus’), Monday, 1 August at 10 a.m. Lectures Law Faculty, Churfürststraße 1, Toskanatrakt, Room HS 208 Lunch Cafeteria of the Faculty of Law of the University of Salzburg located in the courtyard at Churfürststraße 1 (Faculty of Law, Toskanatrakt) Announcements Kindly check our flip charts outside the lecture room and in the lobby of Hotel Kolpinghaus for announcements concerning changes of the academic programme, further activities and the social programme. Please bring your amended Rome Statute, Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence to all sessions! The following timetable may be subject to changes on short notice.

SUNDAY, 31 July 2016 Welcome and registration of participants at Hotel Kolpinghaus starts at 4 p.m. Dinner: 8 p.m., Hotel Kolpinghaus

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SLS 2016 ACADEMIC PROGRAMME

MONDAY, 1 August 2016 10.00 a.m. Opening Ceremony Welcome: Prof. Dr. Kirsten Schmalenbach, Head of the Department of Public International Law, Member of the Senate of the Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg Prof. DDr. Maria Eder, Department of Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure at the Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg Preliminary remarks Prof. Flavia Lattanzi, Professor of International Law, University LUISS-Guido Carli, Rome, former Judge at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda 10.30 a.m. Keynote address

• Prosecutorial strategy in the selection of situations and cases: Legal and policy considerations at the ICC and their implications for the international criminal justice system Mrs. Fatou Bensouda, Prosecutor of International Criminal Court 12.00 a.m. Introduction to the academic programme of SLS 2016 Dr. Astrid Reisinger Coracini, Director of the Salzburg Law School on International Criminal Law, Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law 12.30 a.m. Reception Lunch: 13.00 - 14.15, Cafeteria

First Session: 14.15 – 17.30, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Light and shadows of international criminal justice Prof. Flavia Lattanzi

• The notion and scope of international criminal law Prof. Roger Clark, Board of Governors Professor, Rutgers University School of Law Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

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TUESDAY, 2 August 2016 Second Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Applying the definition of the crime of aggression in the situation of armed activities in Utopia Prof. Roger Clark

• The legality of the use of military force for the purpose of halting genocide, crimes against humanity, 'large scale' war crimes and the crime of aggression Dr. David Donat Cattin, Secretary-General, Parliamentarians for Global Action; Adjunct Assistant Professor of International Law, Center for Global Affairs, New York University Lunch: 13.00 - 14.15, Cafeteria

Fourth Session: 14.15 – 17.30, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • The prosecution of high State officials, a stumbling block to the performance of the Assembly of States Parties and to the Court? Dr. Konrad Bühler, Director, Department for International Law, Austrian Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs

• ‘[A]nd that their effective prosecution must be ensured’ – The conditions under which the ICC may exercise its jurisdiction over the crime of aggression revisited Dr. Astrid Reisinger Coracini Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

WEDNESDAY, 3 August 2016 Fourth Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Incentives and self-interests: How to ensure non-state actors’ compliance with international humanitarian law Prof. Charles Garraway, Fellow, Human Rights Centre, University of Essex; Member of the International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission; Former Stockton Professor of International Law, United States Naval War College

• Criminal responsibility of legal persons under international law? Judge Daniel N. Nsereko, Judge at the Special Tribunal for Lebanon; Former Judge at the International Criminal Court; Professor of Law, University of Botswana at Gaborone Lunch: 13.00 - 14.00, Cafeteria

Afternoon: Guided city tour, meeting point: Cafeteria, Toskanatrakt, 14.00 or time at the disposal of participants Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

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THURSDAY, 4 August 2016 Fifth Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Irrelevance of Head of State Immunity Judge Daniel N. Nsereko

• Towards equality before the law through universality of the Statute, independence of the Court and control of power — the politics of international criminal justice Dr. David Donat Cattin Lunch: 13.00 - 14.15, Cafeteria

Sixth Session: 14.15 – 18.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Exploiting the symbolism of attacks against cultural property – A new method of warfare? Prof. Charles Garraway

• Screening of Oscar winner Stefan Ruzowitzky’s ‘Radical Evil’ (2014) Salzburger Filmkulturzentrum DAS KINO, Giselakai 11, 5020 Salzburg Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

FRIDAY, 5 August 2016 Seventh Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Article 53, between the duty to prosecute and prosecutorial discretion: How to target alleged perpetrators equally by applying the law as it is Mr. Gilbert Bitti, Senior Legal Advisor to the Pre-Trial Division, ICC

• Should the ICC focus more or less on non-State actors? Prof. Frédéric Mégret, Associate Professor of Law, Canada Research Chair on the Law of Human Rights and Legal Pluralism, McGill University Lunch: 13.00 - 14.15, Cafeteria

Eighth Session: 14.15 – 17.30 • Alleged perpetrators between national and international prosecution – The Court’s ‘same person/same conduct’ test under scrutiny Ms. Eleni Chaitidou, Legal Officer at the Pre-Trial and Trial Divisions, ICC

• International criminal justice as a peace project Prof. Frédéric Mégret Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

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SATURDAY, 6 August 2016 Ninth Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • The Einsatzgruppen case: Prosecuting the ‘biggest murder trial in history’ Prof. Benjamin Ferencz, A leading Nuremberg Prosecutor with continuous efforts to enhance international criminal law and its enforcement (via video message)

• Workshop on recent jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court Mr. Gilbert Bitti Ms. Eleni Chaitidou Lunch: 13.15 - 14.30, Restaurant Stieglkeller, Festungsgasse 10

Afternoon: FREE time at the disposal of participants Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

SUNDAY, 7 August 2016 FREE time at the disposal of participants Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

MONDAY, 8 August 2016 Tenth Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • Challenges of the Eastern Partnership from the Perspective of the European Neighbourhood Dr. Doris Wydra, Executive Director Salzburg Centre of European Union Studies, University of Salzburg

• A Georgian knot? Unravelling the first non-African investigation of the International Criminal Court Dr. Gleb Bogush, Associate Professor of Criminal Law and Criminology at the Lomonosov Moscow State University and Lecturer of International Law at the Russian Academy of Justice Lunch: 13.00 - 14.15, Cafeteria

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Eleventh Session: 14.15 – 17.30, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • ‘Take me home Mother Russia’? International law and the use of force in Crimea and Eastern Ukraine Prof. Gerhard Hafner, Emeritus Professor of International Law, University of Vienna and former member of the ILC

• Flight MH 17: A quest for international criminal justice Dr. Gleb Bogush Dinner: 19.00 - 20.00, Hotel Kolpinghaus

TUESDAY, 9 August 2016 Twelfth Session: 9.30 – 13.00, HS 208 (with coffee break and discussion) • The causes of crimes under international law: Case studies from the Holocaust to ISIS Prof. Alette Smeulers, Professor in International Criminology, Universities of Tilburg and Groningen and is also working a s a freelance consultant, trainer and researcher

• Towards a typology of perpetrators of crimes under international law? Prof. Alette Smeulers Lunch: 13.00 - 14.15, Cafeteria

Thirteenth & Closing Session: 14.15 – 16.00, HS 208 Evaluation of the outcome of the Salzburg Law School 2016 Future plans Distribution of Certificates Refreshments Closing Dinner: 19.00h, Roof Top Terrace Restaurant ‘The Pitter’, Crowne Plaza Hotel, Rainerstrasse 6-8

WEDNESDAY, 10 August 2016 Departure of participants

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SLS 2016 Faculty

Mrs. Fatou Bensouda Mrs. Fatou Bensouda is the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), having assumed office in 2012. In 2011, she was elected by consensus by the Assembly of States Parties to serve in this capacity. Mrs. Bensouda was nominated and supported as the sole African candidate for election to the post by the African Union. Between 1987 and 2000, Mrs. Bensouda was successively Senior State Counsel, Principal State Counsel, Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions, Solicitor General and Legal Secretary of the Republic, and Attorney General and Minister of Justice, in which capacity she served as Chief Legal Advisor to the President and Cabinet of The Republic of The Gambia. Her international career as a non-government civil servant formally began at the UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, where she worked as a Legal Adviser and Trial Attorney before rising to the position of Senior Legal Advisor and Head of the Legal Advisory Unit (2002 to 2004), after which she joined the ICC as the Court’s first Deputy Prosecutor. Mrs. Bensouda has served as delegate of The Gambia to, inter alia, the meetings of the Preparatory Commission for the ICC. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including the distinguished ICJ International Jurists Award (2009), presented by the then President of India P. D. Patil; the 2011 World Peace Through Law Award presented by the Whitney Harris World Law Institute, the American Society of International Law’s Honorary Membership Award (2014), the XXXV Peace Prize by the United Nations Association of Spain (2015), and the Praeis Elit Award (2015). In addition to receiving several honorary doctorates, Mrs. Bensouda has been listed by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world (2012); by the New African magazine as one of the “Most Influential Africans;” by Foreign Policy as one of the “Leading Global Thinkers” (2013), and by Jeune Afrique as one of 50 African women who, by their actions and initiatives in their respective roles, advance the African continent (2014 & 2015).

Mr. Gilbert Bitti Gilbert Bitti is Senior Legal Adviser to the Pre-Trial Division of the International Criminal Court (ICC). He has been a member of the French Delegation during the ICC negotiations in the Ad Hoc Committee (1995), Preparatory Committee (1996-1998), Rome Conference (1998) and Preparatory Commission (19992002). Before that, he was Counsel to the French Government at the European Court of Human Rights (1993-2002). He is also a former Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Law in Paris. Bitti is the author of numerous publications on the ICC and he speaks regularly at academic conferences on international criminal justice.

Dr. Gleb Bogush Dr. Gleb Bogush is an Associate Professor and Deputy Director of the Center for International and Comparative Criminal Law at the Faculty of Law, Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia). He also teaches at the National Research University – Higher School of Economics and the Russian Academy of Justice (Moscow). Gleb Bogush holds his law degree from Moscow State University and defended his PhD on the UN Convention against Corruption in 2004. He has been a member of the Moscow State University Law Faculty since 2004. In 2010 he was a Fellow of Max Planck Society (Germany) and won the Moscow State University Prize for young professors and researchers. In 2012 -2014 Gleb Bogush was an Alexander von 9

Humboldt Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Foreign and International Criminal Law (Germany). Gleb Bogush is an author of numerous publications on Russian and international law. His research interests include international criminal law, international justice, international human rights law. He is an editorial board member at Criminal Law Forum, Russian Law Journal, International Justice Journal (Russia) and the Journal of Constitutionalism and Human Rights (Lithuania) and a VicePresident of the Russian national group of the International Association of Penal Law. He regularly speaks at academic conferences and appears in Russian and international media on international criminal law issues.

Dr. Konrad Bühler Konrad G. Bühler is head of the Department of Public International Law in the Legal Office of the Austrian Ministry for Europe, Integration and Foreign Affairs (since October 2014). From 2011 to 2014 he headed the Unit for Multilateral International Legal Issues. Among the whole variety of international law topics, his department is responsible for issues of international criminal law, including the International Criminal Court (ICC). Mr. Bühler has participated as Austrian delegate in the meetings of the Assembly of ICC States Parties for more than a decade, also serving as Austrian representative in the ASP Bureau. From 2004 to 2011 Mr. Bühler worked as Legal Adviser at the Permanent Mission of Austria to the United Nations in New York. During Austria’s membership in the UN Security Council from 2009 to 2010 he acted as Austrian Security Council Coordinator for Legal Issues, Sanctions and Counterterrorism. For these two years, he also chaired the Security Council Informal Working Group on International Tribunals and headed the negotiations leading to the adoption of Security Council Resolution 1966 (2010) on the establishment of the Residual Mechanism for the International Criminal Tribunals for former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. From 1999 to 2004 Mr. Bühler worked as legal expert in the Legal Office and the Office of the Special Envoy for Restitution Issues in the Foreign Ministry in Vienna, where he was directly involved in the negotiations of the 2001 Washington Agreement. Before joining the Foreign Ministry, Mr. Bühler worked as lecturer on public international law at the University of Vienna. His publications cover various topics such as rule of law, international criminal law, restitution of property, the procedure of the Security Council and state succession and membership in international organizations.

Ms. Eleni Chaitidou Eleni Chaitidou studied law in Germany where she passed both State Examinations in Law. She worked for several years at the Law Faculty of the University of Munich in the field of Public International and European Community Law. In 2006 she joined the International Criminal Court where she works as a Legal Officer in the Pre-Trial and Trial Divisions. Ms. Chaitidou has published on selected issues of international (criminal) law and is the assistant editor of the Commentary on the UN-Charter (OUP, 2nd edition).

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Prof. Roger Clark Professor Clark (B.A., L.L.B., L.L.M., L.L.D., L.L.D. honoris causa; Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand; L.L.M., J.S.D.; Columbia University, New York) is Board of Governors Professor at Rutgers University School of Law. He teaches courses in international law; international protection of human rights; international organizations; international criminal law and criminal justice policy; United States foreign relations and national security law; and criminal law. He served as a member of the United Nations Committee on Crime Prevention and Control between 1987 and 1990. Prior to joining the Rutgers faculty in 1972, he worked for the New Zealand Justice Department and Ministry of Foreign Affairs; taught law in New Zealand; served as an American Council of Learned Societies Fellow and Doctoral Fellow at the Columbia University School of Law; interned at the United Nations; and taught at the law school of the University of Iowa. He has been a visiting or adjunct professor at numerous institutions, including the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Miami, the University of Graz in Austria, and the University of the South Pacific (Fiji). He has taught in study abroad programs offered by Temple University and the University of San Diego and teaches regularly in the University of Salzburg’s Summer School in International Criminal Law. Professor Clark serves on the editorial boards of various publications, including Criminal Law Forum: An International Journal; the Human Rights Review; and the International Lawyer. He has been a board member of several international non-governmental organizations, such as the International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy in Vancouver, B.C., and the International League for Human Rights, headquartered in New York. In 1995 and 1996, he represented the Government of Samoa in arguing the illegality of nuclear weapons before the International Court of Justice in The Hague. Since 1995, he has represented Samoa in negotiations to create the International Criminal Court and to get the Court running successfully. He was very active in Court’s Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression which had the task of drafting an amendment to the Court’s Statute to activate its nascent jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. In 2014, he joined the legal team representing the Marshall Islands in its cases against the states possessing nuclear weapons for failure to disarm. These cases are before the International Court of Justice in The Hague. The International Peace Bureau has nominated the team for the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize”.

Dr. David Donat Cattin David Donat Cattin (Ph.D Law, Italy) is the Secretary General of Parliamentarians for Global Action (PGA). Over the last 15 years, Dr. Donat Cattin worked with PGA's International Law & Human Rights Programme to promote the universality and effectiveness of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Statute in more than 100 countries. With his assistance, PGA Members contributed to the ratification process of 77 out the current 124 States Parties to the Rome Statute, including the ratifications/accessions by Japan (2007), The Philippines, The Maldives, Cape Verde and Vanuatu (2011), as well as Cote d’Ivoire (2013) and El Salvador (2016). Dr. Donat Cattin holds a Ph.D in Public International Law (2000) from the University of Teramo (Italy), Faculty of Law, and a 'magna cum laude' law degree (1994) from the LUISS-Guido Carli University (Rome, Italy). His writings on international criminal law appeared on well known scholarly works, such as Triffterer's “Commentary on the Rome Statute of the ICC” (I ed. 1999; II ed. 2008; III ed. 2015) and Lattanzi/Schabas “Essays on the Rome Statute of the ICC” (vol. I, 1999; vol. II, 2004). Since May 2012, he is an “Adjunct Assistant Professor” of International Law at New York University (NYU), Center for Global Affairs. Since August 1999, he is a lecturer at the summer programme of the Salzburg Law School on Int. Criminal Law, Faculty of Law, University of Salzburg (Austria). Among the academic institutions in which he gave presentations and lectures, it is noteworthy to mention the University of Botswana in Gaborone, the Brazilian Institute of Criminal Sciences 11

(IBCCRIM) in Sao Paulo, the Royal Institute for Foreign Affairs “Chatham House” in London, Frei Univ. and Humboldt Univ. in Berlin (Germany), the Italian Society of International Organisation (SIOI), the TMC Asser Institute for International Law in The Hague and the Hague Academy of International Law (The Netherlands), the Faculty of Law of Cambridge University, the City University of New York and NYU School of Law. He has been heard as expert-witness on the ICC and its impact on conflicts in Africa by the German Bundestag, Committee on Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs (Sept. 2007) and on the situation in Darfur by the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Sub-Committee on Human Rights (Dec. 2008 and Feb. 2009). He also intervened on the ICC and the fight against impunity and on the Kampala Amendments in the European Parliament, Sub-Committee on Human Rights (April 2010 and February 2015 respectively), in the plenary of the Africa-Caribbean-Pacific—European Union Joint Parliamentary Assembly (March 2008) and in the Legal Affairs and Human Rights Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (May 2016). Dr. Donat Cattin has been interviewed in a number of international media on international criminal justice issues. These media include: BBC World Service, Reuters, Al-Jazeera (Eng), Deutche Welle, Radio Netherlands Worldwide (RNW), Sky TG 24, Radiotelevisione Svizzera Italiana (RSI), Inter-Press Service, Institute for War and Peace Reporting, WBS (Uganda).

Prof. Benjamin Ferencz Ben Ferencz, born in Transylvania in 1920, attended public schools in New York. He won a scholarship to Harvard Law School where he worked as a researcher for a professor doing a book on war crimes. He received his degree in 1943 and promptly joined the US army as a private in the artillery. He was awarded five battle stars for not being killed or wounded at Normandy Beach and every major campaign in Europe. As the war was ending, he was transferred to General Patton's HQ to serve as a war crimes investigator. He entered many Nazi concentration camps as they were liberated. The horrors made an indelible impression. He returned home and was promptly recruited by General Telford Taylor to return to Germany to help in the additional war crimes trials. He was appointed Chief Prosecutor in what was aptly described as the biggest murder trial in history - the "Einsatzgruppen case". All 22 defendants, including six SS Generals, were convicted of murdering over a million innocent men, women and children. 13 defendants were sentenced to death. Ferencz was then 27 years old and it was his first case. Almost all of his life since then has been spent trying to obtain compensation for victims and trying to prevent illegal war-making. He became a self-appointed personal lobbyist for peace, with countless lectures, publications and speeches in many universities and countries. For several years he was an Adjunct Professor at Pace Law School where he taught "The International Law of Peace". He lives in New Rochelle, New York, and has been married to his wife, Gertrude, for over 70 years. They have four grown children. http://www.benferencz.org

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Prof. Charles H. B. Garraway CBE Professor Garraway served for thirty years as a legal officer in the United Kingdom Army Legal Services, initially as a criminal prosecutor but latterly as an adviser in the law of armed conflict and operational law. He represented the Ministry of Defence at numerous international conferences and was part of the UK delegations to the First Review Conference for the 1981 Conventional Weapons Convention, the negotiations on the establishment of an International Criminal Court, and the Diplomatic Conference that led to the 1999 Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention on Cultural Property. He was also the senior Army lawyer deployed to the Gulf during the 1990/91 Gulf Conflict. Whilst still serving, he taught international humanitarian law at King’s College, London as well as acting as Course Director on the military courses run by the International Institute of Humanitarian Law, San Remo, Italy. On retirement, he spent three months in Baghdad working for the Foreign Office on transitional justice issues and six months as a Senior Research Fellow at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law before taking up the Stockton Chair in International Law at the United States Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island in August 2004 for the year 2004/5. He was a Visiting Professor at King’s College London from 2002 to 2008, teaching the Law of Armed Conflict, and an Associate Fellow at Chatham House from 2005 to 2012. He is currently a Fellow at the Human Rights Centre, University of Essex and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University in 2012. In December 2006, he was elected to the International Humanitarian Fact Finding Commission under Article 90 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, and was Vice-President from 2012 to 2015. He worked for the British Red Cross from 2007 to 2011 and now works as an independent consultant. He was appointed CBE in 2002. He has worked on a number of expert groups including the ICRC projects on “Direct Participation in Hostilities” and “Occupation” as well as the Harvard Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research project on air and missile warfare. He was the General Editor of the United Kingdom Manual on the Law of Armed Conflict from 2008 to 2013 and carries out a number of consultancies for Government and international organisations, including the Commonwealth Secretariat. In 2011, he chaired the Commonwealth Working Group that updated the Commonwealth Model Law on the International Criminal Court.

Prof. Gerhard Hafner Gerhard Hafner was born 3 August 1943, received his Dr. iur. 1966 at the Vienna university, further studies at Paris, The Hague, Moscow (1967 – 1968). He became Professor of international law and international economic law at the Vienna Law Faculty in 1990 and has been Visiting Professor in various other universities such as Stanford, Comenius University and Paneurópska vysoká škola in Bratislava or Paris II (IHEI), the Diplomatic Academy Vienna, and the University of Krems. He was Member of the International Law Commission 1997 – 2001. He is Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and worked as arbitrator and counsel in various international cases, Membre de l'Institut du Droit International, Conciliator at the OSCE Court and was 2006 – 2015 Member of the Governing Board of the European Studies Institute (Moscow). His practical experience results from his activity in the Austrian Ministry for Foreign Affairs, lastly in 1993 – 1995 as Head of the Division of General International Law. where he is still legal consultant, as well as from his function as member and head of the Austrian delegations to various international conferences, including the Rome Conference for the ICC, where he had to act as chair of the European Union. Due to his participation in the entire preparatory process of the Rome conference and his activity at the Rome Conference he became fully involved in the topic of international criminal law. His bibliographical list encompasses books and articles on the most different fields of international law, including international criminal law as well as the law of the sea. Prof. Flavia Lattanzi 13

Prof. Fravia Lattanzi is Professor of International Law at University LUISS-Guido Carli, Rome, Member of the International Fact-Finding Commission created by Protocol I additional to the Geneva Conventions and Member of the Board of Directors of the International Institute on Humanitarian Law, San Remo/Geneva. She recently concluded her term as ad litem judge at the ICTY (2007-2015) and previously served as ad litem judge at the ICTR (2003-2006). Prof. Lattanzi started her academic career as Assistant Professor of International Law at the Universities of Chieti and Rome, Italy (19661985), was Associate Professor of International Law at the University of Pisa and Libera Università degli Studi Sociali (LUISS-Guido Carli), Rome, Italy (1985-1990) and became Full Professor of International Law at the Universities of Sassari, Teramo, Roma Tre, Italy in 1990. Among other scholarly positions, she was Director of the International Masters course on Co-operation against International Transnational Crime, University of Teramo, Italy (1998-2001) and Scientific Supervisor and Lecturer at the Arusha School of International Criminal Law and Human Rights (1996-1998) and the Gaborone School on International Criminal Jurisdictions, University of Botswana (1999). Prof. Lattanzi also served as legal adviser to the Italian delegation at the International Criminal Court Preparatory Commission, New York, USA and as legal adviser of the Italian delegation to the Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of an International Criminal Court. She is the author of numerous books and essays on international law, in particular on international organizations, international humanitarian law, human rights law and international criminal law. Prof. Frédéric Mégret Frédéric Mégret, PhD, is an Associate-Professor at the Faculty of Law, McGill University, and a William Dawson scholar. He held the Canada Research Chair in the Law of Human Rights and Legal Pluralism from 2005 to 2015 and is affiliated with the McGill Centre of the same name. He holds an LlB from King’s College London, a DEA from the Université de Paris I, and a PhD from the Graduate Institute of International Studies (Geneva), as well as a diploma from Sciences Po Paris. He worked for the International Committee of the Red Cross, was a member of the French delegation at the Rome Conference that created the International Criminal Court, and advised the Liberian government on a procedure to vet its armed forces for human rights violations. He is the author of “Le tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda”, and is co-editor with Philip Alston of the forthcoming second edition of “The United Nations and Human Rights” (OUP). He publishes on international criminal justice, international law, international human rights law, and the laws of war. Judge Daniel D. N. Nsereko Daniel David Ntanda Nsereko is a Judge of the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), Appeals Chamber, since March 2012. Prior to his appointment to the STL, Judge Nsereko served for four years at the International Criminal Court (ICC), Appeals Division; and served as the Division’s President between April 2009 and April 2010. He currently serves on the Advisory Committee for the Election of ICC Judges. Judge Nsereko previously served as Professor of Law at the University of Botswana and as Head of the Department of Law for eight years. He has also taught at the Faculty of Law of Makerere University in Uganda and at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He has published extensively in the areas of Public International Law, International Criminal Law and Human Rights. He is an advocate and has practiced law in Uganda. Before his election as Judge he was included on the List of Counsel eligible to represent accused persons and victims before the ICC. He served on the Delegation of the Government of Uganda to sessions of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute and to meetings of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression. He holds the LLB degree from the University of East Africa, MJC in Comparative Jurisprudence from Howard University and LLM and JSD from New York University. Dr. Astrid Reisinger Coracini 14

Astrid Reisinger Coracini is a Lecturer at the University of Salzburg, Austria, and Director of the Salzburg Law School on International Criminal Law, Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law (http://sls.sbg.ac.at). Previously, she was a Visiting Researcher at the New York University, Assistant Professor at the Institute of International Law and International Relations of the University of Graz, Austria, and Research Assistant for international and comparative criminal law at the University of Salzburg (Prof. Otto Triffterer). Ms. Reisinger Coracini was also responsible for the development of an international and interdisciplinary master programme in anti-corruption studies at the International Anti-Corruption Academy and served as Legal Officer at the Austrian Federal Ministry for Foreign Affairs. She holds a master and a doctorate degree in law from the University of Graz. Ms. Reisinger Coracini participated in the negotiations of the Special Working Group on the Crime of Aggression as an individual expert and was a member of the Austrian delegation at the first Review Conference of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court in Kampala. Her research focuses on theory and sources of international law, the use of force, and international criminal law.

Prof. Alette Smeulers Alette Smeulers is professor in International Criminology at the universities of Tilburg and Groningen. The prime focus of her research is on the perpetrators and causes of international crimes and the international criminal prosecution thereof. She has studied the transformation process of ordinary people into perpetrators of international crimes and developed a typology of perpetrators of international crimes. In her research she takes an inter- and multidisciplinary approach and can be considered one of the founders of the criminology of international crimes and a leading expert within this field, in which she has published extensively. Important publications are Supranational Criminology – towards a criminology of international crime (Intersentia 2008) and International crimes and other gross human rights violations (Martinus Nijhoff 2011). Before starting to work at Tilburg University, Alette Smeulers worked at the VU University where she initiated and was the first director of the master International Crimes and Criminology. She has also founded and manages the research network on Supranational Criminology (www.supranationalcriminology.org). For more information see: http://alettesmeulers.org/index.php/english-version.

Dr. Doris Wydra Doris Wydra is Executive Director of the Salzburg Centre of European Union Studies (SCEUS) and Director of the Russian-Austrian Summer School at the University of Salzburg. Previously she has worked as legal expert at the Ukrainian-European Policy and Legal Advice Centre (UEPLAC) in Kiev (Ukraine) and as a legal long term advisor to a TACIS Project on Minority Legislation in the Russian Federation. Her research focus is on different aspects of external governance of the European Union, the European neighbourhood policy and the relations between the European Union and Russia in particular. She has also published on the autonomy of Crimea from the perspective of international and constitutional law.

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We would like to thank our Sponsors for their financial contribution to the Eighteenth Summer Session of Salzburg Law School on International Criminal Law, Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Law without which this Summer Session could not have been realized. Your support is very much appreciated! Paris-Lodron-University, Salzburg Law Faculty of the Paris-Lodron-University, Salzburg Planethood Foundation City of Salzburg

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