RURAL HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AND INHERITANCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE

RURAL HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AND INHERITANCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE David Gaunt ABSTRACT: By focusing on morphological continuity, family historians ma...
Author: Anna McDonald
0 downloads 0 Views 1MB Size
RURAL HOUSEHOLD ORGANIZATION AND INHERITANCE IN NORTHERN EUROPE

David Gaunt

ABSTRACT:

By focusing on morphological continuity, family historians may be neglecting long-term changes within the family that are documented in non-numerical sources. Evidence from Finland suggests that researchers need to reexamine the history of the suurperhe ("large family"). Similarly, evidence from the Scandinavian peninsula suggests that the early modern centuries witnessed the growth of privacy in generational relations, the emergence of the father-son dyad as the preferred method of land transfer, the separation of landownership from household authority, and the use of the courts to solve family problems. Thus there may have been transformations in family life in the long term that unchanging measures of mean size do not capture.

David Gaunt is Lecturer in history at the University of Umeå and a research director at the Secretariat for Future Studies in Stockholm, Sweden.

122

123

124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

132

133

134

135

136

137

138

139

Amira, Karl. 1882. Nordgermanisches Obligationsrecht. 1. Altschwedisches Obligationsrecht. Leipzig: Veit Nordgermanisches Obligationsrecht. 2.

von

.

Westnordisches Obligationsrecht. Leipzig: Veit. Åström, Sven-Erik. 1978. Natur och byte. Ekologiska synpunkter på Finlands ekonomiska historia. Ekenas: Söderström. Balle-Petersen, Poul. 1980. "Gården, slaegten og naboerne: sociale relationer i et lokalsamfund i Danmark o. 1880." Folk og Kultur. Pp. 106-150. Beauchet, Ludovic. 1900-1902. "De propriété familiale dans l’ancien droit suédois." Nouvelle revue historique de droit francais et étranger Dec. 1900-Jan. 1901. Birkeli, Emil. 1943. Fedrekult, fra norsk folkeliv i hedensk og kristen tid. Oslo: Dreyer. Christiansen, Palle Ove. 1978. "The Household in the Local Setting." Pp. 50-60 in Sune Åkerman et al. (eds.), Chance and Change. Odense: Odense University Press. Dideriksen, Helene. 1984. Dagbog og breve 18751891. Edited by Bodil K. Hansen. Odense: Landbohistorisk Selskab. Eriksson, Ingrid and John Rogers. 1978. Rural Labor and Population Change. Social and Demographic Developments in East-central Sweden during the Nineteenth Century. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell. Gaunt, David. 1973. "Family Planning and the Preindustrial Society: Some Swedish Evidence." et al. (eds.), AristoPp. 28-59 in Kurt crats, Farmers, Proletarians: Essays in Swedish Demographic History. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell. 1977a. "Pre-industrial Economy and

Ågren,

________.

140

Population vian

Structure." Journal

of Scandina-

History 23: 183-210.

1977b. "I slottets skugga. Om frälsebönders sociala problem i Borgeby och Löddekoppinge under 1700-talet." Ale. Pp. 15-30. _______. 1983a. "The Property and Kin Relations of Retired Farmers." Pp. 249-280 in Richard Wall et al. (eds.), Family Forms in Historic Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1983b. Familjeliv i Norden. Stockholm: Gidlund. Gaunt, David and Orvar Löfgren. 1981. "Remarriage in the Nordic Countries: The Cultural and Economic Background." Pp. 49-59 in Jacques Dupaquier et al. (eds.), Marriage and Remarriage in Populations of the Past. London: Edward

_______.

Arnold.

GrØnbech, Vilhelm.

1909-12. Vor Folkeaeti Oldtiden. 4 volumes. Copenhagen: Pio. Grosse, Ernst. 1896. Die Formen der Familie und die Formen der Wirtschaft. Freiburg: J.C.B. Mohr. Guttormsson, Loftur. 1983. Bernska, ungdómur og uppeldi &a cute; einveldisöld. Reykjavik : Sagnfraedistofnun Háskóla Islands. Hallan, Nils. 1961. "Ordet sytning." Heimen 12:111-122. Hanssen, Börje. 1952. Österlen. En studie över social-antropologiska sammanhang under 1600och 1700-talen i sydöstra Skåne. New edition 1977. Stockholm: Gidlund. 1976. "Hushållens sammansåttning i österlenska byar under 300 år." Rig 59:33-60. Helland-Hansen, Kjeld. 1958. "Follog, fØderåd, kår." Heimen 11:173-177. 1964. "Kårskipnaden." Heimen 13: 182-195. Hemmer, Ragnar. 1953. "Kungl.Maj:ts brev till Åbo hovrätt den 6 mars 1690 angående de finska allmogedöttrarnas arsvraått." Juridisk förening för Finlands tidskrift 96:69-74. Högnäs, Hugo. 1938. Sytning och arvslöseni den folkliga sedvänjan uti pedersöre- och nykarleby.

_______.

1810-1914.

N.p, Åbo.

Unpublished

thesis.

Helsinki

University. Johansen, Hans Christian. 1975. Befolkningsudvi-

kling og familiestruktur i det 18. århundrede. Odense: Odense University Press. 1978. "The Position of the Old in the Rural Household in a Traditional Society." Pp. 122-130 in Sune Åkerman et al. (eds.), Chance and Change Odense: Odense University Press. Jonsson, Ulf. 1980. Jordmagnater, landbönder och torpare i sydöstra Södermanland 1800-1880. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.

.

väitoskirja. Kovalevsky, Maxime.

1890. Tableau des origines et de l’evolution de la famille et de la propriété. Skrifter utgivna av Lorénska stiftelsen 2. Stockholm: Samson and Wallin. Landtman, Gunnar. 1918. Kulturens ursprungsformer. Helsingfors: Helsingiin uusi kirjapaino. Martinius, Sture. 1977. Peasant Destinies. The History of 552 Swedes Born 1810-12. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell. von Maurer, Konrad. 1877. Die Berechntung der

Verwantschaft nach altnorwegischen Rechte. Sitzungsberichte der könig. bayer. Akademie der Wissenschaften. PhilosophiePhilologie.c.l. München:

Moring, Beatrice. 1984. "Hushåll i periferin - ett bidrag till diskussionen om den europeiska familjen." Historisk tidskrift för Finland 69:1-12. Nerdrum, Monica. 1978. "Household Structure in Finström Parish, βland 1760-62 and 1840-42." Pp. 136-142 in Sune Åkerman et al. (eds.), Chance and Change . Odense:Odense University Press. Nikander, Gabriel. 1953. "Bebyggelsetyper och storfamiljsgårdar i Savolax." Finsk museum 60: 41-69. Pedersen, Karl Peder. 1984. Vestfynske faestebønder. Odense: Landbohistorisk Selskab. Phillpotts, Bertha. 1913. Kindred and Clan in the Middle Ages and After. A Study in the Sociology of the Teutonic Races. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Riehl, Wilhelm Heinrich. 1856. Familjen. Lund:

Berlingska. Schousboe, Karin ed. 1983. En faestebondes liv.

Jantunen, Parikkalan Elli. suurperhelailos 1955. vv 1820-1850.

Väestö ja yhteiskunta. Hä-

historia 2:1. Hämeenlinna. Kiviahlo, K. 1927. Maatalouskünteistöjen omistajanvaihdoksetja hinnanmudostus Halikon tuomiokunnassa 1851-1910. Taloustieteellisiä tutkimuksia 35. Helsinki. Koskikallio, Onni. 1927. Maatalouskiinteistöjen eläkerasituksesta Pirkkalan ja Rouveden tumiokunnissa vuosina 1800-1913. Helsinki: Yliopisto meen

.

bygden

Jutikkala, Eino. 1957.

Erindringer og optegnelser af gdrdfaester og sognefoged Søren Pedersen, Havrebjerg (17761839). Odense: Landbohistorisk Selskab.

Skrubbeltrang, Fridlev. 1961. "Faestegården som fors&phis;rger: aftaegt og anden forsorg i det 18. århundrede." Jyske samlinger. New series. 5: 237-274.

Starcke, Carl Nicolai. 1888. Die primitive Familie in ihrer Enstehung und Entwicklung. Leipzig: Brockhaus. Suomen. 1980. Suomen taloushistoria 1: Agraarinen Suomi. Edited by Eino Jutikkala et al.

Helsinki: Tammi.

141

Tornberg, Matleena. 1971. Kuusamolainen suurperhe työ- ja elinyhteisönä. Turku: Scripta etnologica. 1972. "Storfamiljinstitutionen i Finland." Nord-nytt. Pp. 4-17. Virrankoski, Pentti. 1973. Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ja Lapin: 1600-luvulla, 3. N.p., Oulu. Voionmaa, Väinö. 1915. Suomen karjalaisen heimon _______.

historia. Helsinki: Kansanvalistuseura.

Westermarck, Edvard. 1981. History of Human

Marriage. London: Macmillan.

Winberg, Christer. 1975. Folkökning och proletarisering. Kring den sociala strukturomvandlingen på Sveriges landsbygd under den agrara revolutionen. Göteborg: Historiska Institutionen. 1981. "Famili och jord i tre västgötska socknar." Historisk tidskrift. pp. 278-309. 985. Grenverket Studier rörande jord, släktskapssystem och ståndsprivilegier. Stock_______.

.

holm : Rättshistoriska Instituatet.