Sundheds- og Forebyggelsesudvalget 2014-15 SUU Alm.del Bilag 169 Offentligt

Radioactive waste management in the Netherlands II Ewoud Verhoef and Hans Codée COVRA NV

8 December 2014

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CONTENTS

•  Siting •  Organisation

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SITE SELECTION

•  1984 new policy: >>centralised solution •  siting? >>>>NIMBY •  1984 procedure approved by Parliament: - high level governmental committee - selection criteria

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SITE SELECTION Criteria: •  industrial site •  large enough •  discharge water/ cooling water •  infrastructure •  directly available ➨ 12 sites

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Co-operation from local government

SITE SELECTION

•  2 sites COVRA had to choose: >>> Borsele site

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FINDING A SITE

“…the municipality planted some trees around it, “now you hardly see it…….” 6

FINDING A SITE Please, mister can we have our ball?

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SITE SELECTION

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NORM storage

HLW storage office

LILW treatment LILW storage 10

COVRA site: 21 ha

CONTENTS

•  Siting •  Organisation

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WASTE MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONS

POSIVA SKB

ALARA RAPA RATA

DEKOM NDA COVRA DBE ZUOP NIRAS SURAO JAVIS NAGRA ANDRA PURAM ARAO AN&DR ENRESA SOGIN SE RAW

GENERAL PRINCIPLES RWM

•  adequate framework to manage radioactive waste •  cover all responsibilities and liabilities in ‘the classical triangle’

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INFRASTRUCTURE, RESPONSABILITIES?

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CLASSICAL TRIANGLE •  policy laws • •  independence, authority conflict of interest •  no licenses •  inspection

waste

•  clarity of roles, clear definition of responsibilities

•  polluter pays, cost efficient•  infrastructure liability

•  prevent, minimise, re-use •  notify, deliver money

user, •  payment waste producer

WMO

•  acceptance criteria •  financing •  execution

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RWM POLICY THE NETHERLANDS •  •  •  • 

all waste managed and owned by COVRA all waste managed at one industrial site at least 100 years storage, in buildings deep disposal after 100 years stable policy since 1984!

•  policy to be executed by COVRA 16

COVRA •  statutory task: to take care of all Dutch radioactive waste •  N.V. (Ltd. , Inc. or GmbH) shareholders 1982: - 30% n.p.p. Borssele - 30% n.p.p. Dodewaard - 30% research foundation ECN - 10% Dutch state

2002: 100 %

COVRA’S TASKS •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

collection and shipment treatment and conditioning long-term storage final disposal monitoring administration informing the public

COVRA PRINCIPLES •  •  •  •  •  •  • 

polluter pays costs covered by fees cost effective no retrospective adjustment of fees paid COVRA takes over full title future costs to be paid from funds capital growth fund

COVRA PRINCIPLES

1.  polluter pays to COVRA 2.  transfer of title to COVRA 3.  capital growth fund within COVRA

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COVRA PRINCIPLES 1.  polluter pays: LILW (including DSRS) •  collecting drum delivered to producer •  collection of filled drum + data •  treatment of waste >>cemented waste form •  at least 100 years storage •  final disposal

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standard tariff for standard waste cost-plus for other waste

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FINANCING

•  treatment and storage buildings financed by COVRA / capital loans / investment subsidy •  waste producers pay according to kind of treatment and storage volume (and radiation level at surface of conditioned waste) •  for LILW no relation to activity

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COVRA PRINCIPLES 1.  polluter pays: HLW (spent fuel, reprocessing waste, other) •  shipment research SF, other waste to COVRA •  packaging research SF, other waste all waste types •  at least 100 years storage •  geological disposal

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FINANCING

•  direct payment upfront of share in treatment installations and storage volume •  shared between clients (1994: 2 npp, 3 research establishments; now: 1 npp, 2 research establishments )

•  direct payment of shipment and delivery costs when executed

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COVRA PRINCIPLES

2.  transfer of title to COVRA: ownership and all liabilities for COVRA •  collection at waste producer: at moment waste delivered in COVRA truck •  delivery by train (repro waste, depU): at moment waste delivered at COVRA premises or inside building 28

COVRA PRINCIPLES 3.  •  •  •  •  •  •  •  29

Capital growth fund: all producers pay contribution per m3 HLW : LILW = 2 : 1 after 100-130 years: € 2 billion real interest rate 2.3% safe investments State as back-up

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20 70

20 60

20 50

20 40

20 30

20 20

20 10

20 00

time

1500

21 30

21 20

21 10

21 00

20 90

20 80

money mio €

CAPITAL GROWTH FUND 2500

2000

reference line

1000

500

0

CAPITAL GROWTH FUND 2500

2000

money mio €

every year evaluation of quantities, every 5 years of costs & options

1500

1000

500

20 60 20 70 20 80 20 90 21 00 21 10 21 20 21 30

20 50

20 40

20 30

20 20

20 10

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20 00

0

time

CONCLUSION

waste

liability money 32

Active for the future www.COVRA.nl 33

EXPERIENCE: A MIRROR 1986

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FINDING A SITE

“…the municipality planted some trees around it, “now you hardly see it…….” 35

FINDING A SITE Please, mister can we have our ball?

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COMMUNICATION 1986-1992 •  door to door flyers •  local municipal interest group •  involvement of local companies COVRA attitude: rational approach (facts and figures) COVRA experience with negative local attitude: include communication in the design 37

YOUR NEIGHBOUR?

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YOUR NEIGHBOUR?

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OPENNESS IN DESIGN

open area ‘freely’ accessible, friendly

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TRANSPARANCY IN DESIGN

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TRANSPARANCY IN DESIGN

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be clean, LLW treatment building look tidy

EVERYBODY WELCOME

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COMMUNICATION 1992-2002

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•  •  •  • 

impeccable behaviour be open, transparent all facts easy accessible and understandable always answer

•  •  •  • 

but……. look for positive things to share focus on non technical aspects show emotions!!!!!! create opportunities

COMMUNICATION 1982-2003 1982-2003: •  rational approach: facts & figures

2003-now: •  emotional approach: art & time

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COMMUNICATION 2003-NOW Include Art: • Safe is beautiful • Metamorphosis 2003-2103 • Art exhibitions • performances • the Art of storage, the storage of Art

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SAFE = BEAUTIFUL

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2003

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2023

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2043

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2063

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2083

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2103

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ART IS PART OF TECHNICAL VISIT

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HABOG, METAMORPHOSIS

•  the story about changing colour/art includes that we will take care •  people remember the concept of decay •  people understand the importance of time •  easy to be proud of something beautiful •  people remember the art, forget technical details

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Store for 100 years?

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THE ART OF STORAGE

•  •  •  •  • 

unused space available well guarded only slow and gradual temperature changes air humidity 60% or lower available for a very long time perfect depot storage for museums!

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THE ART OF STORAGE

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DEPOT FOR MUSEUMS

many museum artefacts are > 400 years old (golden age)

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ART EXHIBITIONS

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PERFORMANCES

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THEATRE

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(QUARTET BY HEINER MÜLLER)

What did we learn?

THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX SHOW EMOTIONS!

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