Primary Energy Consumption
1 THE EUROPEAN UNION OF THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
STATISTICAL REPORT
EUROGAS | Statistical Report
1
Table of Contents Introductory Remarks
3
Definitions and Units
3
Conversion Factors Heat Unit Equivalents
3 3
1. Primary Energy Consumption
4
4 4 5 5
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) in Eurogas Member Countries 2010 Primary Energy Consumption by fuel (EU) 2010 Share of Natural Gas in Primary Energy Consumption (%) 2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) per capita and per unit of GDP
2. Final Energy Consumption
6
6 6
2009 Final Energy Consumption in Eurogas Member Countries 2009 Final Energy Consumption by fuel (EU)
3. Inland Deliveries of Natural Gas
7
7 7
2010 Inland Sales of Natural Gas by sector in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 2010 Natural Gas Sales by sector
4. Natural Gas Supplies
8
8 8
2010 Natural Gas Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 2010 Breakdown of EU27 Supplies
5. LNG Imports
9
9 9 9
2010 LNG Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 2010 Breakdown of EU27 LNG Supplies 2010 Net imports to EU27 from non-EU Countries by type of transport
6. Underground Storage Facilities
10
10
Natural Gas Underground Storages at 1 January 2011
7. Natural Gas Industry in Figures
11
11 11 11 11
Total length of pipelines Number of gas customers Number of employees Number of natural gas vehicles
8. Natural Gas Reserves
12
World Gas and Oil Reserves by region, 2010 World Reserves / Production Ratios, Gas vs Oil (years)
12 12
Unconventional Gas, estimated World Reserves
12
9. Expectations for 2011
13
10. The European Natural Gas Grid in 2011
14
Country codes:
2
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
AT
BE
BG
CZ
DK
EE
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
FR Netherlands
DE
Greece
FI Luxembourg
GR
HU
IE
IT
LV
LT
NL
PL
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
LU United Kingdom
Switzerland
Turkey
PT
RO
SK
SI
ES
SE
CH
TK
| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
UK
Poland
Introductory Remarks The statistical data presented in this report has been collected with the assistance of the national gas associations and member companies of Eurogas. Additionally, for a full picture of the European Union (EU27), data was kindly provided by the natural gas company from Estonia (EestiGas). Malta and Cyprus are not included as they are not supplied with natural gas.
qualities. The data is provided in GCV (gross calorific value). In case the Eurogas data is converted into billion cubic metres, we advise you to use an assumed energy content for 1 m3 of natural gas of 10,83 kWh (GCV), which implies that 1 TWh equals approx. 92,3 million m3 of natural gas. This corresponds closely to the weighted average heat content of all natural gas that is sold in EU.
As a consequence of the increasing number of players in the liberalized European natural gas market and of cross-border trading, it is now increasingly difficult to collect energy data on a national basis. The data shown in this report is based on available national and gas industry information, completed with best estimates, which Eurogas has combined to give the most comprehensive survey at the time of publication. Where no data was available, own estimates have been produced supplemented with data from international organisations in order to obtain an idea of the EU total. Members of the Eurogas Statistics and Forecasting Committee made a substantial contribution to this report.
The classification of the data is made on the basis of the Eurogas Statistical Guidelines available on the Eurogas website.
Conversion Factors Units glossary: MTOE: million tonnes of oil equivalent MJ: Megajoule PJ: Petajoule TWh: Terawatt hour Pcal: Petacalories BCM: Billion cubic metres
Comments and comparisons between 2010 and 2009 refer to the EU totals.
General conversion for units of energy and volume 1 MTOE = 10 Pcal = 41,86 PJ (NCV) = 11,63 TWh (NCV) 1 cubic metre (m3) = 35,315 cubic feet (cf) 1 million m3 of LNG = 593 million m3 of gas
Definitions and Units The gross calorific value (GCV), or higher heating value, measures the total (maximum) amount of heat that is produced by combustion, including latent heat before combustion or generated in the combustion process. The net calorific value (NCV), or lower heating value, excludes this latent heat.
Eurogas conversion factors from volume to energy units 92,3 million m3 gas = 1 TWh (GCV) 1 m3 of natural gas = 39 MJ (GCV) = 10,83 kWh (GCV)
Natural gas in international trade is usually measured on the basis of GCV. Modern technologies in gas combustion are able to capture the latent heat of condensation. But since most current technologies of other fossil fuels are still not able to recover the latent heat, NCVs need to be used rather than GCVs when building an energy balance; therefore natural gas data presented in MTOE (million tonnes of oil equivalent) are expressed NCV. For natural gas, the net calorific value (NCV) is ten percent less than gross calorific value (GCV).
Common conversion factors from Gross to Net Calorific Value: Natural gas: NCV= 0,9 GCV Oil: NCV= 0,95 GCV Solid fossil fuels: NCV= 0,97 GCV Equivalents 1 megawatt hour = 103 kWh (MWh) 1 gigawatt hour = 106 kWh (GWh) 1 terawatt hour = 109 kWh (TWh) 1 petawatt hour = 1012 kWh (PWh)
Natural Gas sales and supplies are stated in terawatt hours because of different national gas compositional
Heat Unit Equivalents GJ 1 Gigajoule (GJ) 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) 1 Million British thermal units (MBtu) 1 thermie (th) 1 therm
kWh 1
MBtu
th
therm
277,8
0,948
238,9
9,479
10-3
1
10-3
0,86
3,411 10-2
1,055
293,2
1
252
10
4,186 10-3
1,162
3,968 10-3
1
3,968 10-2
0,1055
29,32
1 10-1
25,2
1
3,6
3,411
Figures from this report may be used, provided that reference is made to Eurogas as the source. EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
3
1. Primary Energy Consumption The Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) of a country is defined as the total gross energy supply (indigenous production plus net imports) before any conversion of the primary energy into final energy forms has taken place. Primary energy consumption includes net energy losses in the production of electricity and synthetic gas, refinery use and other energy sector uses and losses (i.e. transformation and distribution losses). Units: Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent Net Calorific Value.
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) in Eurogas Member Countries MTOE-NCV
Solid Fossil Fuels
Oil
Natural Gas
Nuclear Electricity
Renewables*
Electricity net imports
Others
Total
AUSTRIA
12,9
2,3
8,1
0,0
9,7
0,2
0,0
33,2
BELGIUM
21,8
1,9
16,8
12,5
3,0
0,1
0,1
56,8
BULGARIA
4,2
6,6
2,3
3,5
1,5
0,0
0,0
18,0
CZECH REPUBLIC
9,0
18,0
8,5
7,3
2,6
-1,0
0,0
44,5
DENMARK
7,5
3,9
4,4
0,0
3,9
-0,1
0,3
19,9
ESTONIA
0,7
3,7
0,5
0,0
0,4
0,0
0,1
5,4
FINLAND
9,7
6,5
3,8
5,9
9,0
0,9
0,2
36,1
FRANCE
83,0
11,5
42,3
115,7
17,9
0,0
0,0
270,4
111,7
77,0
73,4
36,6
31,6
-1,5
6,6
335,4
17,2
9,5
3,2
0,0
2,0
0,5
0,0
32,4
HUNGARY
6,8
2,8
9,7
4,1
2,0
0,4
0,1
25,9
IRELAND
7,4
2,0
4,7
0,0
0,7
0,0
0,0
14,8
72,1
13,3
68,0
0,0
22,3
9,7
0,0
185,3
LATVIA
1,5
0,1
1,5
0,0
1,2
0,4
0,1
4,8
LITHUANIA
2,6
0,2
2,5
0,0
1,1
0,5
0,2
7,0
LUXEMBOURG
2,9
0,1
1,1
0,0
0,1
0,3
0,0
4,6
NETHERLANDS
31,0
7,6
39,2
0,9
2,1
0,5
2,0
83,3
POLAND
25,3
55,4
12,9
0,0
8,0
-0,1
0,0
101,5
PORTUGAL
11,8
2,8
4,2
0,0
4,8
0,4
0,0
24,0
ROMANIA
9,1
6,2
12,6
2,6
4,6
0,0
0,0
35,1
SLOVAKIA
3,4
3,5
4,7
3,8
1,0
0,1
0,5
17,0
SLOVENIA
2,5
1,5
1,0
1,5
0,9
-0,2
0,0
7,1
SPAIN
62,4
8,3
31,0
16,1
14,7
-0,7
0,0
131,8
SWEDEN
16,1
2,2
1,5
14,3
18,7
0,2
0,0
53,0
UNITED KINGDOM
75,0
31,3
84,6
13,9
8,2
0,2
0,2
213,4 1 760,1
GERMANY GREECE
ITALY
EU
607,4
278,2
442,5
238,8
171,9
10,9
10,4
SWITZERLAND
12,7
0,2
3,0
6,6
4,6
0,0
1,3
28,4
TURKEY
28,7
34,4
35,1
0,0
12,7
0,0
0,0
110,9
*Renewables include hydro electricity domestically produced, biomass, wind solar and geothermal energy
2010 Primary Energy Consumption by fuel (EU) In 2010, natural gas consumption increased by 7% and renewables by 11% compared with 2009. This observed positive parallel trend is expected to continue and to illustrate the role of natural gas as an enabler of the penetration of renewable energy sources. Coal and nuclear each increased by 3%, whereas oil decreased by 1%. 10%
1% 1% Oil
13%
Solid Fossil Fuels
34%
Natural Gas Nuclear Electricity Renewables Electricity net imports
25%
4
| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Others
16%
2010 Share of Natural Gas in Primary Energy Consumption (%) 50% 45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0%
25%
NL UK HU
IT
RO
LT
IE
TR
LV
BE
SK
EU
LU
AT
ES
DK DE CZ
PT
FR
SI
BG
PL
CH
FI
GR
EE
SE
In 2010, primary energy consumption in EU has increased by 3% compared to 2009 to 1760 Mtoe. The share of natural gas in primary energy consumption increased slightly to 25%.
2010 Primary Energy Consumption (PEC) per capita and per unit of GDP TOE
PEC / CAPITA*
PEC / GDP**
AUSTRIA
3,97
0,13
BELGIUM
5,18
0,17
BULGARIA
2,38
0,68
CZECH REPUBLIC
4,23
0,37
DENMARK
3,60
0,10
ESTONIA
3,99
0,48
FINLAND
6,75
0,22
FRANCE
4,18
0,15
GERMANY
4,10
0,14
GREECE
2,87
0,17
HUNGARY
2,59
0,29
IRELAND
3,32
0,09
ITALY
3,07
0,13
LATVIA
2,11
0,38
LITHUANIA
2,12
0,32
LUXEMBOURG
9,09
0,14
NETHERLANDS
5,03
0,15
POLAND
2,66
0,33
PORTUGAL
2,26
0,15
ROMANIA
1,63
0,39
SLOVAKIA
3,12
0,35
SLOVENIA
3,48
0,23
SPAIN
2,87
0,14
SWEDEN
5,67
0,17
UNITED KINGDOM
3,44
0,11
EU
3,52
0,15
SWITZERLAND
3,64
0,09
TURKEY
1,53
0,24
UNITED STATES
7,20
0,21
JAPAN
3,90
0,13
Energy intensity, as measured by PEC per unit of GDP is a measure of the energy efficiency of a nation’s economy. In 2010 the energy efficiency in the EU countries increased slightly to 0,15. Primary energy use per head of population (PEC/Capita) reflects both the geography and the industrial structure of a country. Accordingly, it varies very widely among EU countries. Reflecting an impact of the partial economic recovery, the average primary energy consumption of energy per capita in the EU in 2010 slightly increased in comparison with 2009 to reach 3,52. On average, the EU countries have a slightly lower energy use per capita than Japan, and half the United States.
*Eurostat figures **Eurostat figures: GDP in millions of euro, chain-linked volumes, reference year 2005 (at 2005 exchange rates)
EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
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2. Final Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption (FEC) is calculated from the sectoral use of energy, for which reliable data is available with a significant time-lag. FEC figures are shown for 2009. FEC is equivalent to Primary energy consumption excluding net energy losses in the production of electricity and synthetic gas, refinery use and other energy sector uses and losses (i.e. transformation and distribution losses). The major part of the difference is accounted for the conversion of primary fuels into electricity. Units: Million Tonnes of Oil Equivalent Net Calorific Value.
2009 Final Energy Consumption in Eurogas Member Countries MTOE - NCV
Oil Products
Solid Fossil Fuels
Natural Gas
Electricity
Others
Total
AUSTRIA
10,1
0,5
4,2
6,5
4,0
25,3
BELGIUM
21,5
1,2
10,3
6,6
1,6
41,2
BULGARIA
3,5
0,4
1,1
2,3
1,7
9,0
CZECH REPUBLIC
7,3
3,5
5,7
4,6
3,5
24,6
DENMARK
6,8
0,1
1,7
2,7
3,9
15,2
ESTONIA
0,6
0,5
0,1
0,6
0,3
2,1
FINLAND
7,8
0,6
1,0
6,6
8,4
24,4
FRANCE
67,5
4,9
32,6
36,5
13,6
155,0
GERMANY
80,4
8,6
48,8
42,4
27,4
207,6
GREECE
14,6
0,2
0,8
4,7
1,1
21,4
HUNGARY
6,5
0,6
6,0
2,9
2,1
18,1
IRELAND
7,6
0,6
1,6
2,1
0,0
12,0
62,3
2,7
39,0
24,9
3,7
132,7
LATVIA
1,3
0,1
0,5
0,5
1,6
4,0
LITHUANIA
1,7
0,2
1,1
0,7
1,5
5,1
LUXEMBOURG
2,7
0,1
0,6
0,5
0,1
4,0
NETHERLANDS
26,6
1,6
18,6
8,8
5,7
61,3
POLAND
ITALY
21,7
12,0
9,9
10,3
10,8
64,7
PORTUGAL
9,6
0,0
1,4
4,1
2,9
18,0
ROMANIA
7,5
0,6
6,6
3,2
5,6
23,6
SLOVAKIA
2,1
1,0
2,6
2,0
1,6
9,3
SLOVENIA
2,5
0,1
0,6
1,0
0,6
4,8
49,0
1,4
14,6
21,0
4,8
90,8
SPAIN SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM EU
9,2
0,9
0,5
10,6
10,3
31,5
68,6
2,4
41,8
27,7
3,4
144,0
499,1
44,7
251,8
234,0
120,1
1 149,7
SWITZERLAND
11,5
0,2
2,5
4,9
1,7
20,9
TURKEY
28,6
12,8
11,3
13,3
7,2
73,2
2009 Final Energy Consumption by fuel (EU) Compared with 2008, final energy consumption in EU decreased by 6% to 1150 Mtoe. As a consequence of the economic downturn, final consumption of all fuels decreased in 2009 compared with 2008. In 2009, natural gas use in final energy consumption decreased by 7%, oil products by 7%, solid fossil fuels by 18% and electricity by 6%. Oil products remain the largest component of final energy consumption with a share of 43%.
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| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
11%
20%
Oil Products
43%
Solid Fossil Fuels Natural Gas Electricity Others
22%
4%
3. Inland Deliveries of Natural Gas Inland deliveries represent deliveries of marketable gas to the inland market, including gas used by the gas industry for heating and operation of their equipment and including losses in distribution. Units: Terawatt hours Gross Colorific Value.
2010 Inland Sales of Natural Gas by sector in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 TWh - GCV
Residential & Commercial
Industry
Power plants
Transport
Other uses
Total Inland sales
AUSTRIA
28,0
34,8
35,8
0,1
3,3
102,0
BELGIUM
101,2
46,9
67,1
0,0
0,0
215,2
1,3
15,1
10,4
0,5
0,4
27,7
CZECH REPUBLIC
BULGARIA
45,3
47,9
0,0
0,1
1,9
95,1
DENMARK
44,7
11,9
8,8
9,1
0,0
14,8
ESTONIA
1,0
4,5
0,5
0,2
0,3
6,6
FINLAND
1,1
21,6
26,7
0,0
0,1
49,6
FRANCE
312,3
181,0
55,2
1,2
0,0
549,7
GERMANY
410,3
345,0
175,0
2,7
0,0
933,0
GREECE HUNGARY IRELAND ITALY
5,1
10,5
25,3
0,2
0,0
41,1
61,6
17,4
36,2
0,0
11,4
126,6
13,3
7,0
39,6
0,9
0,0
60,8
359,8
171,3
320,6
8,8
17,5
877,9
LATVIA
3,8
3,0
12,1
0,0
0,0
18,9
LITHUANIA
3,3
11,1
17,3
0,0
0,3
32,0
LUXEMBOURG
4,6
4,1
6,8
0,0
0,0
15,5
NETHERLANDS
203,6
95,6
199,1
0,0
8,7
507,0
72,1
77,4
12,6
0,0
4,0
166,1
8,3
13,6
22,5
0,2
7,1
51,6
ROMANIA
40,3
67,7
32,9
0,0
6,0
146,8
SLOVAKIA
24,5
14,6
11,8
0,1
8,4
59,4
SLOVENIA
3,5
6,3
0,6
0,0
0,0
10,5
63,5
200,2
135,6
0,8
0,0
400,1
2,2
5,7
10,5
0,4
0,0
18,8
478,2
191,4
395,6
0,0
27,9
1 093,2 5 649,9
POLAND PORTUGAL
SPAIN SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM
2 260,0
1 602,6
1 659,0
16,2
112,1
SWITZERLAND
EU 27
22,4
11,0
3,0
0,2
1,8
38,5
TURKEY
67,6
127,3
202,9
0,0
0,0
397,9
2010 Natural Gas Sales by sector The natural gas demand between 2009 and 2010 increased by 7,3% to 5650 TWh. The gas demand growth in the EU27 was explained by a combination of the severe weather conditions and partially by the economic recovery (1,8% real GDP growth1). Some general trends can be distinguished for most of the EU countries.
0,3% 2% 29% 40%
Due to cold weather conditions in 2010, natural gas demand increased strongly by 11% in the residential sector. Another driver of the gas sales growth was the industrial sector which registered 9% recovery in 2010 compared with 2009. The power sector played a large part in the total consumption growth with 3% increase. Higher electricity demand due to the partial economic recovery and switching to gas from other fuels increased the volume of gas used for power generation. Even if transport represents only 0,3% of natural gas sales in 2010, volumes delivered increased by 12% between 2009 and 2010. 1
29% Residential & Commercial Industry Power Plants Transport Others
Source: European Commission, EU interim forecast: Recovery gaining ground, 1 March 2011 EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
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4. Natural Gas Supplies Natural Gas supplies (or inland consumption calculated) are defined as: Indigenous Production + Imports - Exports + Stock changes. Units: Terawatt hours Gross Calorific Value
2010 Natural Gas Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 TWh - GCV
Indigenous Production
Russia
Norway
Algeria
Qatar
Other sources*
Changes in stocks**
Other balances
Total Net Supplies
AUSTRIA
19,2
61,9
15,1
0,0
0,0
2,8
7,9
-4,9
102,0
BELGIUM
0,0
5,1
68,7
0,0
64,2
74,6
2,2
-0,4
215,2
BULGARIA
0,6
27,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
1,3
-1,8
27,7
CZECH REPUBLIC
1,5
57,8
11,2
0,0
0,0
21,2
7,7
-4,1
95,1 44,7
85,4
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
-35,1
1,2
-6,8
ESTONIA
DENMARK
0,0
6,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
6,6
FINLAND
0,0
49,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
49,6
FRANCE GERMANY GREECE HUNGARY IRELAND ITALY
8,3
77,1
176,6
73,9
27,0
156,6
30,3
0,0
549,7
123,6
351,2
312,1
0,0
0,0
113,5
46,5
-13,9
933,0
0,0
21,9
0,0
8,1
0,4
10,4
-0,1
0,3
41,1
30,3
70,7
0,0
0,0
0,0
27,5
-1,9
0,0
126,6
4,1
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
56,7
0,0
0,0
60,8
87,8
238,0
39,3
295,7
74,9
147,8
-5,5
0,0
877,9 18,9
LATVIA
0,0
18,9
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
LITHUANIA
0,0
46,6
0,0
0,0
0,0
-14,7
0,1
0,0
32,0
LUXEMBOURG
0,0
3,7
8,0
0,0
1,9
1,8
0,0
0,0
15,5
820,3
37,4
119,4
0,0
0,0
-470,1
0,0
0,0
507,0
47,7
101,4
0,0
0,0
0,0
11,4
3,0
2,6
166,1
NETHERLANDS POLAND PORTUGAL
0,0
0,0
0,0
26,6
0,0
24,0
-0,2
1,2
51,6
116,8
25,2
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
1,3
3,6
146,8
SLOVAKIA
1,1
66,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
-8,9
1,3
-0,1
59,4
SLOVENIA
0,0
5,2
0,0
3,6
0,0
1,6
0,0
0,1
10,5 400,1
ROMANIA
SPAIN
1,2
0,0
37,7
122,0
65,5
173,3
-2,6
3,0
SWEDEN
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
18,9
0,0
0,0
18,8
665,1
0,0
285,7
11,5
160,0
-44,1
15,3
-0,3
1 093,2 5 649,9
UNITED KINGDOM
2 012,9
1 271,8
1 073,7
541,5
394,0
269,2
107,7
-20,7
SWITZERLAND
EU 27
0,0
9,3
8,9
0,0
0,0
20,4
0,0
0,0
38,5
TURKEY
7,3
187,0
0,0
41,6
19,6
156,5
0,6
-14,6
397,9
Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication. *Including net exports. ** (-) Injection (+) Withdrawal
2010 Breakdown of EU27 Supplies In 2010, indigenous gas production in the EU27 increased by 2% compared with 2009 to 2013 TWh, mainly due to the increase of production in the Netherlands. The largest volume of gas supplied to the EU27 comes from indigenous production, making up 35% of the total net supplies in 2010. The supplies from the traditional EU partners have registered a slight decrease, with Russia at 22%, Norway at 19%, and Algeria at 9%. Qatar has become the fourth EU supplier with a share of 7%, illustrating the growing role of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the EU gas supply.
Libya 2% Trinidad Tobago 1% Egypt 1% Nigeria 3% Others* 1% Qatar 7% Algeria 9% Indigenous Production 35%
Russia 22% Norway 19%
*Including supplies from sources which can not be identified.
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| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
5. LNG Imports 2010 LNG Supplies in Eurogas Member Countries & EU27 TWh - GCV BELGIUM
LNG Net Imports 69,8
FRANCE
155,7
GREECE
12,1
ITALY
96,1
PORTUGAL SPAIN
Peru Libya Oman 1% 0,5% 0,2% Norway Others* Egypt 3% 3% 5% Trinidad Tobago 6%
28,7
Qatar 45%
312,0
UNITED KINGDOM
203,8
EU 27
878,2
TURKEY
2010 Breakdown of EU27 LNG Supplies
Algeria 18%
87,0
Nigeria 19% *Including supplies from sources which can not be identified.
In 2010, LNG supplies in EU27 grew by 24% compared with 2009 to reach 878 TWh. The increased LNG receiving capacities in Europe and the available global supply at competitive prices have significantly contributed to this growth. The share of Qatar in the EU LNG imports has almost doubled over the period to reach 45%. The EU LNG regasification capacity more than doubled in the last five years. The 18 LNG terminals in the EU in 2010 provided a total nominal regasification capacity of 175 BCM per year of gas2.
2010 Net imports to EU27 from non-EU Countries by type of transport LNG 24%
Pipeline 76%
In 2010 almost one quarter of the EU net imports was delivered by LNG. This represents a significant increase compared with 2009 when LNG represented only 19% of the total net imports from non-EU countries.
2
Source: IEA Natural Gas Information 2011, page II.58 EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
9
6. Underground Storage Facilities The figures show natural gas underground storage facilities for peak shaving, seasonal variations and strategic security of supply and exclude liquefied natural gas storage. In some countries such as Greece and Spain, LNG storages are strategically as well as operationally significant.
Natural Gas Underground Storages at 1 January 2011 Number of storage facilities
Maximum working volume*
Maximum withdrawal capacity**
AUSTRIA
5
4 744
55
BELGIUM
1
600
12
BULGARIA
1
600
4
CZECH REPUBLIC
8
3 127
52
DENMARK
2
1 020
18
ESTONIA
0
0
0
FINLAND
0
0
0
FRANCE
15
11 900
200
GERMANY
515
46
21 297
GREECE
0
0
0
HUNGARY
5
6 330
72
IRELAND
1
230
3
10
14 747
153
LATVIA
1
2 325
24
LITHUANIA
0
0
0
LUXEMBOURG
0
0
0
NETHERLANDS
3
5 000
145
POLAND
7
1 640
32
PORTUGAL
1
159
2
ROMANIA
8
2 760
28
SLOVAKIA
1
2 785
39
SLOVENIA
0
0
0
SPAIN
2
2 367
13
SWEDEN
1
9
1
UNITED KINGDOM
6
4 350
86 1 453
ITALY
EU 27
124
85 990
SWITZERLAND
0
0
0
TURKEY
2
2 661
18
* Million m3 ** Million m3/day
While the number of physical facilities remained stable in 2010 in comparison with 2009, working volumes increased by 3% and withdrawal capacity by 2%. Many countries are planning to construct new or expand existing storage sites. Thus the number of facilities and working volumes are expected to increase in the coming years.
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| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
7. Natural Gas Industry in Figures Total length of pipelines*
Number of gas customers (in thousands)**
Number of employees
Number of natural gas vehicles***
AUSTRIA
39 856
1 351
2 700
BELGIUM
71 095
2 886
3 800
241
5 921
59
1 700
61 623
CZECH REPUBLIC
75 939
2 847
4 955
2 700
DENMARK
20 400
396
1 500
0
2 306
43
291
147
BULGARIA
ESTONIA FINLAND
5 608
2 990
37
360
1 100
FRANCE
229 700
11 404
32 000
13 000
GERMANY
443 000
19 400
38 400
89 975
6 713
240
930
702
HUNGARY
86 882
3 534
5 275
56
IRELAND
12 923
642
600
1
283 809
22 230
30 000
740 000
GREECE
ITALY LATVIA
6 035
443
1 264
211
10 000
552
1 750
190
2 934
82
0
369
NETHERLANDS
150 700
7 000
9 500
3 000
POLAND
LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG
127 774
6 635
36 000
2 100
PORTUGAL
15 647
1 119
600
100
ROMANIA
46 899
2 942
28 869
0
SLOVAKIA
35 003
1 488
4 026
823
SLOVENIA SPAIN SWEDEN UNITED KINGDOM EU 27
4 050
150
490
5
74 200
7 184
6 293
2 942 32 038
3 100
40
250
285 600
23 099
54 178
220
2 043 476
115 800
265 731
957 151
SWITZERLAND
18 352
445
1 550
9 600
TURKEY
24 000
9 540
68 000
3 339
Figures are best estimates available at the time of publication * In kilometres. ** Number of gas customers are counted by number of meters, and include domestic as well as non-domestic (industrial, commercial and other) customers. *** Eurogas and NGVA Europe.
Total length of pipelines At the end of 2010, total length of pipelines, transmission and distribution, increased by approximately 1% in comparison with 2009 representing 2 million kilometres.
Number of gas customers At the end of 2010, the total number of gas customers connected to the EU27 natural gas grid rose by approximately 1% in comparison to 2009, to reach 115,8 million customers.
Number of employees The number of employees in the natural gas industry was stable between 2009 and 2010, with about 266 thousands employees at the end of 2010.
Number of natural gas vehicles The number of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in EU already today is approaching around one million.
EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
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30 30 30
Oil Oil Oil
20 20 20 10 10 10
8. Natural Gas Reserves 0
0
0
198019801980
198519851985
199019901990
199519951995
200020002000
200520052005
200920092009
World Gas and Oil Reserves by region, 2010 Natural Gas
Oil
2% 2% 4% 2% 4% 4% 5% 5% 5%
1% 1% 1% 17% 17%17%
8% 8% 8%
Western Europe South & Central America North America Africa Asia Pacific C.I.S. Middle East
41% 41%41% 9% 9% 9%
5% 5% 5% 10% 10%10%
55% 55%55%
3% 3% 3% 9% 9% 9%
31% 31%31%
Total proved reserves at end 2010: 187 TCM (1012 m3) Source: BP
Total proved reserves at end 2010: 1383 billion barrels
World Reserves / Production Ratios, Gas vs Oil (years)
2010
Oil Natural Gas
In 1980, the R/P ratio for gas was about 56 years, and for oil 29 years. By 2010 (30 years later), the gas R/P ratio had increased to 59 years. This reflects the fact that discovery of gas reserves has outstripped production and use of gas.
1980
Source: BP 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Unconventional Gas, estimated World Reserves (in TCM) New production techniques mean that ‘unconventional’ gas can now be produced from shale, coalbed methane, and other ‘tight’ formations. It is difficult to predict the reserves and how much is recoverable. There are no reliable industry estimates of how much unconventional gas there may be worldwide. Volumes are believed to be many times larger than the conventional reserves referred to above.
North America
112
110
85
58
23
Europe
50 26
40 10 5 South America
10
8
Asia Pacific
60
91
Middle East & Africa
0
199
70
40 7
Former Soviet Union
20
16
49
51
1
Conventional gas Shale Tight Coalbed methane NB Conventional gas: proved reserves Unconventional gas: resources
12
| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Sources: BP Statistical Review 2011 - Proved reserves; Kawata & Fujita, GDF SUEZ Global Gas & LNG and EIA/Advanced Resources International - Unconventional gas reserves
9. Expectations for 2011 According to Eurogas estimates, gas demand in the EU decreased by 9% (around 25 bcm)3 in the first six months of 2011 compared with the same period in 2010. The main driver for the decline in natural gas consumption was the mild temperature in the first half of the year, compared with the very cold weather in early 2010. In particular in the residential and commercial sector, gas consumption in the first quarter of 2011 was significantly below the 2010 level, as the beginning of 2011 was not characterised by extraordinarily cold days. The decline in gas demand this year so far has been sharper in countries where home and office heating makes up a large share of gas demand. In addition, in the power sector, the market conditions have favoured coal consumption so far through 2011, more than in 2010. In the industrial sector, the gas consumption has been flat compared with 2010. Indeed, although the EU-27’s industrial production index showed signs of partial recovery at the beginning of 20114, the mild temperature of the first half of 2011 counterbalanced this effect. Taking 2011 as a whole, the consumption of gas should be lower compared with 2010. Given the exceptionally cold weather conditions throughout 2010, the coldest year in western and northern Europe since 19965, preliminary estimates indicate an overall reduction of 5-7% compared with last year, which would correspond to an annual consumption in 2011 of 495-485 bcm. Over time, Eurogas expects that natural gas demand will resume its growth. Based on the highly efficient, proven technologies and environmental friendliness of natural gas, Eurogas anticipates that gas will continue playing a key role in energy supply and contribution to a realistic EU climate policy. ased on terawatt hours, the applied calorific values (10,83 kWh/cubic metre GCV; 11,63 TWh/MTOE NCV; NCV = 0,9 GCV) B are representing a European average. 4 Eurostat, Industrial output in the EU and Euro area - Issue number 36/2011 5 World Meteorological Organization 3
EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
13
10. The European Natural Gas Grid in 2011
Snøhvit
Reykjavik
Heidrun
Asgard
Gullfaks
Statfjord Brent
Troll St. Petersburg
Frigg Helsinki
Oslo
Heimdal
Tallinn Sleipner Britannia
Stockholm Nynashamn
Draupner
Moscow Riga
Ekofisk
Tyra
Teesside Dublin
Vilnius
Copenhagen
Morecambe
Minsk
Swinoujscie Groningen Bacton
Milford Haven
Gate
London
Berlin
Zeebrugge
Warsawa
Essen
Isle of Grain
Kiev Brussels
Antifer
Prague
Paris
Montoir
Munich
Vienna
Bern Le Verdon Ferrol
Gijon
Chisinau
Bratislava Budapest
Milan Zaule
Tiflis
Ljubljana Zagreb
Bilbao Rovigo Monaco Fos Fos- Tonkin Fos sur-mer Cavaou
Lisbon Sines
Livorno
Barcelona
Madrid Sagunto
Krk
Bucharest Sarajevo
Belgrade
La Spezia Sofia
Podgorica
Istanbul Marmara Ereglisi
Skopje
Rome Tirana
Ankara
Mallorca
Ibiza Huelva
Kilis
Izmir Cartagena
Izmir
Aleppo
Athens
Algiers Tunis
Revithoussa
Porto Empedocle
Rabat
Nicosia
Valletta
Homs Beirut
Tel Aviv
Tripoli
Moscow
14
| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Cairo
Damascus
Amman
Notes
EUROGAS | Statistical Report |
15
Objectives of Eurogas ➤ T o help improve knowledge of natural gas, of its performances and of its use; ➤ T o promote the development of natural gas in Europe particularly in the legal, economic, technical and scientific areas, to prepare studies and to promote cooperation within the gas industry;
➤ To promote the smooth functioning of the European internal gas market and to take stance Hammerfest
Alta on issues of interest to the European natural gas industry with respect to international and supraMurmansk national organizations including, but not limited to the European Institutions and to public opinion. Reykjavik Kiruna Siglufjordhur
Membership of Eurogas
Rovaniemi
Mo
Sverdlovsk
Skelleftea
Perm
Umea
Torshavn
Kirov
Trondheim
Bergen
Uppsala
Leningrad
Liepaja
Cork
Liverpool
London
The Hague
Essen
Luxembourg
Paris
Nurnberg Stuttgart
Strasbourg Bern
Clermont-Ferrand
Lyon
Milano
Marseille
Monaco
Madrid
Lisbon
Valencia Cordoba
Naples
Palma
Malaga
Casablanca
Algers Oran
Annaba Constantine
Tirane
Braila
Tiflis Yerevan
Tabriz
Zonguldak
Istanbul
Ankara Bursa
Patrai
Vallelta
Batna
Poti
Constanta
Burgas
Xanthi
Mosel Adana
Antalya
Athens
Catania
Tunis
Ordzhonikidze Sochi
Varna
Sofia
Palermo
Gibraltar
Krasnodar
Odessa
Bucharest
Skopje Bari
Frunze
Izmir
Sevilla
Rabat
Cluj
Timisoara Belgrade
Rome
Barcelona
Krivoy Rog
Sarajevo
Firenze
Astrakhan
Arad
Pecs Zagreb
Kharkov
Dnepropetrovsk
Chisinau
Graz Ljubljana
Venezia
Salamanca
International associations
Tangier
Vaduz (LIECH.)
Guryev
Volgograd
Kiev Vinnitsa
Lvov
Bratislava Budapest
Vienna
Voronezh
Gomel
Lutsk
Ostrava
Genova
Toulouse
Valladolid
Coimbra
Geneva
Bordeaux Bilbao
Brno
Minsk
Voronezh
Wroclaw Breslau
Prague
Orel
Warsaw Lodz
Lubin
Saratov
Mogilev Lida
Olsztyn
Poznan
Bonn Frankfurt Am Main
Le Havre
Nantes
Berlin
Amsterdam
Brussels
La Coruna
Gdansk
Hamburg
Kuybyshev
Kaluga
Smolensk
Vitebsk
Vilnius
Copenhagen
Leicester
Plymouth
Porto
Klaipeda
Leeds
Tol Yatti
Moscow
Riga
Vejle
Sunderland
Gorkiy
Rostov
Pskov
Goteborg
Kazan
Yaroslavl
Novgorod
Tallinn
Stockholm
Inverness
Ufa
Vologda
Helsinki
Gavle
Oslo
Aleppo
Baghdad
Nicosia Khania
Iraklion
Beirut
Damascus
Eurogas is a Brussels based non-profit making organization and has the following members: Gafsa
Sfax
Tel Aviv
Amman
Marrakech AFG - Association Française du Gaz (FR), AGN (PT)*, ANIGAS (IT)*, BDEW - Bundesverband der Energie- und Wasserwirtschaft e.V. (DE), Tripoli Ouargla Bord Gáis Éireann (IE), BOTA (TR)*, BP (UK), Bulgargaz (BG)*, Centrica (UK),Misratah CPU - Czech Gas Union (CZ), DEPA (GR), Distrigas (BE), DONG Alexandria Port Said Banghazi Suez Energy (DK), EDF - Electricité de France (FR), Edison (IT), EGL AG (CH), ENA - Energy Network Association (UK),Cairo Energie-Nederland (NL), Energigas Sverige (SE), ENI (IT), ENOVOS Luxembourg S.A. (LU), E.ON Ruhrgas AG (DE), Febeg (BE), FGW - Fachverband der Gas- und Wärmeversorgungsunternehmungen (AT), Galp Gás Natural s.a. (PT), Gas Natural Fenosa (ES), GasTerra (NL), Gasum (FI), GAZBIR* Natural Gas Distribution Companies Association of Turkey (TR), GDF SUEZ (FR), Geoplin (SI), GERG - European Gas Research Group (EU), HMN Naturgas (DK), Latvijas Gaze (LV)*, Lietuvos Dujos (LT)*, Marcogaz (EU), MGE - Hungarian Gas Association (HU), Naftogaz of Ukraine (UA)*, OMV Gas and Power GmbH (AT), PGNIG - Polish Oil and Gas Company (PL), Romgaz (RO)*, Russian Gas Society (RU)*, RWE Supply & Trading GmbH (DE), SEDIGAS - Asociación Española del Gas (ES), SHELL Energy Europe Ltd. (UK), South Hook Gas Ltd (UK), Slovenský plynárenský priemysel, a.s. (SPP) (SK), Swiss Association of Gas Industry (CH), Swissgas (CH), Synergrid (BE)*, Total S.A. (FR), VNG AG - Verbundnetz Gas AG (DE). *Associate Members
THE EUROPEAN UNION OF THE NATURAL GAS INDUSTRY
Av. de Cortenbergh 172, box 6 • B-1000 Brussels • Phone +32 (0) 2 894 48 48 • Fax +32 (0) 2 894 48 00 WWW.EUROGAS.ORG 16
| Statistical Report | EUROGAS
Chelyabinsk
Izhevsk
Vaasa Tampere
Lerwick
Dublin
Syktyvkar
Arkhangelsk
Lulea
Published in December 2011
