PALM OIL IN OLEOCHEMICAL APPLICATION Mun Yhung Jung Professor, College of Food Science, Woosuk University Jeonbuk, Korea [email protected]

Oleochemicals are chemicals derived from fats and oils.

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Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil Palm Oil rich in C16 and C18

Palm Kernel Oil rich in C12 and C14

Products containing palm oil or palm kernel oil based oleochemicals

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Basic Oleochemicals Fatty Acids  Sodium Salt of Fatty Acids  Fatty Acid Methyl Esters  Fatty Alcohols  Glycerols 

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Derived Oleochemicals        

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates (FAE) Fatty Alcohol Sulfates (FAS) Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates (FAES) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate (FMES) Monoacylglycerols, Diacylglycerols, Structured Triacylglycerols Sugar Esters Wax Esters 6

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Fatty Acids O C OH

Hydrolysis from natural fats and oils     

PVC Tire Rubber Personal care products Cosmetics

Sodium Salt of Fatty Acids O C

ONa

3 Processes to produce soap noodles   

Saponification of triglycerides Neutralization of fatty acids Saponification of fatty acid methylesters

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Fatty Alcohols C

OH

Obtained by hydrogenation in the presence of catalyst

Cosmetics  Personal Care Products 

Glycerol

Byproduct for biodiesel production    

A simple polyol compound. Colorless, odorless, viscous liquid Sweet-tasting Low toxicity

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Glycerol    

Pharmaceuticals Personal Care (toothpaste, cosmetic, etc) Foods Paints

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Fatty Acid Methyl Ester O C

OCH3

Bio Diesel

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Bio Diesel Production Catalyst

Catalyst Mixing

Methanol

Methanol Recycled Palm Oil

Transesterification

Pharmaceutical Glycerin

Neutralizing Acid

Neutralization

Purification

Phase Separation

Crude Bio diesel

Purification

Methanol Recovery

Crude Glycerin

Methanol Recovery

Methyl Ester

Bio Diesel BD100 100 % bio diesel BD20 20% bio diesel + 80% diesel BD5 5% bio diesel + 95% diesel

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7

Bio Diesel Supply Plan Year

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

BD %

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

Eventually 5.0%

자료 : 지식경제부

Bio Diesel Market in Korea

(Unit:KL)

700000 BD5

BD20 600,000

600000

500,000

500000

400,000

400000

300,000

300000

195,438

200000

90,200

100000 49,530 1,588

3,719

6,835

15,022

2002

2003

2004

2005

0

자료 : 바이오디젤협회, 한신정평가 재가공

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

한국석유관리원 김대곤박사 (2010.11)

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Sources for Bio Diesel Production in Korea others, 3.91%

Rapeseed oil, 1.47%

Soybean oil 18.42%

Used oil, 33.09%

Palm oil 43.11%

한국석유관리원 김대곤박사 (2010.11)

HBD (2nd Generation of Biodiesel) Raw materials

Process

Product

Biomass (Vegetable oils)

Hydrogen

Hydrocracking

Hydro-treated Biodiesel (HBD)

H2O, CO2, CH4, etc.

Scource : Toyota

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REACTION MECHANISM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HBD

CO₂ O

O

O

O

n-C15 n-C17 Isomerization

iso-C17 iso-C15

Propane CO

=R₁

O

O

R₂=

R₁

O

O

H₂ R₃=

O O

Cracking lighter alkanes

R₂ H₂

O

R₃ O

Vegetable Oil (Triglycerides)

Diglycerides Monoglycerides Acids Waxes

H₂

H2O

n-C18 n-C16

Hydrogenation/ Dehydration

Isomerization

iso-C18 iso-C16

Propane

Hydrogenated Triglycerides

1ST AND 2ND GENERATION BIODIESELS 1st Generation

2nd Generation

Biodiesel(FAME)

Hydrotreated Biodiesel (HBD)

Process route

Trans-esterification

Hydro Conversion in refinery hydrotreaters

Feed

Vegetable oils

Vegetable oils

Product chemical type

Fatty acid methyl ester

Mainly paraffinic hydrocarbons in diesel boiling range

Product quality

Consistency and stability issues

High

CO2 emission

1.6-2.3 (kg CO2/kg oil equivalent)

0.5 – 1.5 (kg CO2/kg oil equivalent)

Fossil diesel value reported as 3.8kg CO2/ kg oil equivalent

Source : NNFCC, UK

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SURFACTANTS Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates (FAE)  Fatty Alcohol Sulfates (FAS)  Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates (FAES) (also called Fatty alcohol ethoxyl sulfate)  Fatty Methyl Ester Sulfonate (FMES)  Monoglycerides (MG)  Diglycerides (DG)  Fatty Acid Sugar Esters 

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R O (CH2-CH2-O)n H

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates (FAE)

H

R

C H

O

O

O

S

R O (CH2-CH2-O)n S

O

O

O

O

Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates (FAES) Fatty Alcohol Sulfates (FAS) O R O

CH2 S

C

O

CH3

O

O-

Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES)

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Extraction

Palm oil Palm Kernel Oil methylation

Crude FAME distillation

Distilled FAME hydrogenation

Fatty Alcohol sulfonation

Fatty Alcohol Sulfates

ethoxylation

Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylate sulfonation

Surfactants

Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates

Wax Esters Ingredients for personal care products due to their excellent emollient behavior

Natural Source of Wax Esters Jojoba oil  Sperm whale oil Palm Oil Based Synthetic Wax Esters 

 Alcohlysis of palm triglyceride with oleyl

alcohol

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Thank you for your attention

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