OBSERVED GROWTH AND YIELD OF LOBLOLLY AND SLASH PINE PLANTATIONS IN EAST TEXAS
BY SHIAOLIN CHENG AND DEAN W. COBLE
REPORT 64
FROM THE EAST TEXAS PINE PLANTATION RESEARCH PROJECT ARTHUR TEMPLE COLLEGE OF FORESTRY STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE UNIVERSITY NACOGDOCHES, TX 75962
APRIL 2004
1
INTRODUCTION The amount of forestland in east Texas has been estimated at 11.8 million acres, with approximately 2.5 million acres classified as pine plantations. The majority of these plantations are owned by forest industry (71 percent), while non-industrial private forest landowners represent the next largest shareholder (23 percent). Pine plantations are typically managed to produce timber, so information is needed to make informed management decisions. Growth is one piece of information that managers often rely upon in their decision-making process. The purpose of this paper is to report observed growth in unthinned loblolly and slash pine plantations in East Texas. The following annual growth rates are reported by various age, site index, and trees per acre classes: • • • •
Quadratic Mean Diameter (inches) Average Stand Height (feet) Basal Area per Acre (square feet) Cubic Foot Volume per Acre.
The yield (cubic foot volume per acre) will also be reported by various site index, trees per acre, and age classes.
PLANTATION MEASUREMENTS Data for this study were collected from permanent research plots maintained by the East Texas Pine Plantation Research Project (ETPPRP). The ETPPRP is a long-term comprehensive research program that has investigated the factors affecting the management of loblolly and slash pine plantations in East Texas since 19821. At this time, 180 plots (125 for loblolly and 55 for slash pine) are intact and available for analysis. Each plot is located in a separate plantation and consists of two subplots. Each subplot is 100 feet square (10,000 ft2 or 0.23 acres). One subplot is utilized for model development and the other is utilized for model evaluation. A 30-foot wide buffer zone surrounds each plot, so each plot occupies 51,200 ft2 or 1.18 acres. The plots are measured on a three-year cycle, with 1/3 of the plots being measured each year. As of summer 2002, all plots have completed seven measurement cycles. On each plot, all planted pine trees within each subplot were measured for: dbh, total height, height to live crown, and crown class. The presence of fusiform rust and visible tree quality was also recorded. The site preparation method, landform, slope, geographic location (latitude and longitude from a GPS), and soil characteristics were also recorded 1
The support of the following organizations is much appreciated: Temple-Inland Forest Corporation, International Paper Company, Arthur Temple College of Forestry.
2
for each subplot. Beginning with the second measurement cycle (1985 – 1987), information about non-planted vegetation was collected for each subplot. From these remeasured plots, 1046 loblolly pine and 475 slash pine observations were available for analysis. Each observation provided the following variables: • • • • • • •
Plantation age at the time of measurement (AGE, years) Average total height of the ten tallest trees on the plot (HT, feet) Site Index (SI, feet, base age 25 years) Trees per acre (TPA) Basal area per acre (BA, square feet) Cubic foot volume wood and bark per acre (CFVWB, total tree). Cubic foot volume wood only per acre (CFVW, total tree).
Each of these variables were summarized into combinations of the following classes: • • •
Site Index – six classes: 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 feet Trees per Acre – four classes: 300, 400, 500, 600 Age – six classes: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 years.
ANNUAL GROWTH RATES The following mean annual growth rates (MAI) were calculated for each observation and species: •
•
• • •
Observed QMD AGE Observed HT MAIHT = AGE Observed BA MAIBA = AGE Observed CFVWB MAICFVWB = AGE Observed CFVW . MAICFVW = AGE MAIQMD =
The following periodic annual growth rates (PAI) were calculated for each observation and species: •
PAIQMD =
Observed QMD 3
3
• • • •
Observed HT 3 Observed BA PAIBA = 3 Observed CFVWB PAICFVWB = 3 Observed CFVW . PAICFVW = 3
PAIHT =
Note that the period length = 3 years.
TABULATED RESULTS Annual growth rates (MAI and PAI) along with yield were tabulated by the various site index, trees per acre, and age classes for both loblolly and slash pine: •
Overall MAI: o Table 1 – Loblolly o Table 10 – Slash
•
By Site Index Classes: o MAI: Table 2 – Loblolly o MAI: Table 11 – Slash o PAI: Table 3 – Loblolly o PAI: Table 12 – Slash
•
By Trees Per Acre Classes: o MAI: Table 2 – Loblolly o MAI: Table 11 – Slash o PAI: Table 3 – Loblolly o PAI: Table 12 – Slash
•
By Age Classes: o MAI: Table 2 – Loblolly o MAI: Table 11 – Slash o PAI: Table 3 – Loblolly o PAI: Table 12 – Slash
•
By Age and Site Index Classes: o MAI: Table 4 – Loblolly o MAI: Table 13 – Slash o PAI: Table 5 – Loblolly o PAI: Table 14 – Slash
4
•
By Site Index and Trees per Acre Classes: o MAI: Table 6 – Loblolly o MAI: Table 15 – Slash o PAI: Table 7 – Loblolly o PAI: Table 16 – Slash
•
By Age and Trees per Acre Classes: o MAI: Table 8 – Loblolly o MAI: Table 17 – Slash o PAI: Table 9 – Loblolly o PAI: Table 18 – Slash
Note that in some cases growth is negative, which occurs when mortality exceeds growth. Caution should also be exercised when using values for which sample sizes are small.
GRAPHICAL RESULTS Annual growth rates (MAI and PAI) along with yield were plotted by the various site index, trees per acre, and age classes for both loblolly and slash pine: •
Yield by Age and Site Index Classes: o Figure 1 – Loblolly o Figure 5 – Slash
•
MAI by Age and Site Index Classes: o Figure 2 – Loblolly o Figure 6 – Slash
•
MAI by Site Index and Trees per Acre Classes: o Figure 3 – Loblolly o Figure 7 – Slash
•
MAI by Age and Trees per Acre Classes: o Figure 4 – Loblolly o Figure 8 – Slash
5
Table 1. Overall mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot growth (MAI) for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Measure Average annual growth Diameter 0.4 Height 3.3 Basal area 6.0 Cubic foot volume 98.5 Cubic foot volume wood bark 122.2 Cubic foot volume - Yield 2009.6 Diameter = quadratic mean diameter in inches Height = average height of 10 tallest trees in area Basal area = square foot per acre Cubic foot volume = total stem cubic foot wood without bark per acre Cubic foot volume wood bark = total stem cubic feet wood and bark per acre Cubic foot volume - Yield Average annual growth values based on 1046 observations
6
Table 2. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by site index, trees per acre and age classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas. Average annual growth Basal Cubic foot Cubic foot area volume volume (sq.ft) (wood and bark) (wood only)
Diameter (in.)
Height (ft)
Site Index (ft) 50 60 70 80 90
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5
2.3 2.9 3.3 3.8 4.3
2.3 4.9 6.3 7.4 7.7
28.4 87.9 131.0 165.2 163.4
21.2 69.2 105.0 135.1 132.9
423.0 1491.8 2225.5 2722.6 2299.0
101 218 414 220 93
Trees per acre 300 400 500 600
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
3.1 3.3 3.3 3.5
4.7 6.1 6.5 6.7
105.7 134.4 130.5 117.6
86.8 109.7 104.7 92.1
1925.2 2412.9 2111.0 1560.1
262 270 262 252
0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
3.0 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.7
1.3 5.5 7.3 6.9 6.0 5.3
9.1 68.6 139.9 169.2 168.7 167.5
6.1 50.8 110.8 139.3 141.9 143.5
43.6 595.9 1843.3 3049.3 3803.7 4660.6
99 248 282 259 112 46
Yield Observations (Cubic foot vol wood and bark)
Age 5 10 15 20 25 30
7
Table 3. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by site index, trees per acre and age classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Diameter (in.) Height (ft)
Average annual growth Basal Cubic foot area volume (sq.ft) (wood and bark)
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
Observations
Site Index (ft) 50 60 70 80 90
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
2.4 2.6 3.0 3.5 5.1
4.5 6.2 7.5 8.0 9.8
80.1 151.0 225.6 268.8 298.4
62.8 123.7 190.7 231.0 253.8
101 218 414 220 93
Trees per acre 300 400 500 600
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
2.9 3.1 3.1 3.5
4.9 6.8 8.0 9.4
162.5 221.0 231.6 231.8
139.8 189.7 194.6 189.9
262 270 262 252
0.4 0.7 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.2
3.1 4.2 3.5 2.6 1.8 2.1
5.1 10.8 9.3 5.3 3.4 0.7
124.4 165.9 266.2 247.9 198.8 137.3
102.8 126.6 220.4 218.5 180.6 140.0
99 248 282 259 112 46
Age 5 10 15 20 25 30
8
Table 4. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by age and site index classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Site index (ft)
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
50 60 70 80 90
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.6
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4
Height
50 60 70 80 90
1.9 2.2 2.5 3.2 4.1
1.7 2.5 3.0 3.7 4.5
1.8 2.5 3.0 3.7 4.6
1.7 2.3 2.8 3.4 4.3
1.9 2.6 3.1 3.6
1.8 2.3 2.8 3.7
Basal area
50 60 70 80 90
0.2 0.4 0.4 1.4 3.3
0.7 1.9 3.8 6.2 8.8
1.6 3.9 5.9 8.0 9.8
1.9 3.8 5.7 7.3 8.5
2.9 4.9 6.4 7.0
2.7 4.7 5.7 5.3
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
50 60 70 80 90
0.6 1.6 2.0 8.4 26.9
4.8 16.0 38.7 77.5 128.6
15.9 52.3 92.3 125.3 231.1
24.8 62.0 117.3 182.7 263.7
49.8 117.1 185.4 248.1
45.6 123.1 180.4 208.9
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
50 60 70 80 90
0.4 1.0 1.2 5.5 18.5
3.2 11 27.7 57.4 97.6
11.3 39.1 70.7 157.8 188.8
18.4 47.9 93.7 150.7 224.5
38.7 95.9 156.4 216.5
35.3 102.5 154.6 186.6
Cubic foot yield
50 60 70 80 90
2.9 7.7 8.9 39.9 128.9
45.2 11.0 338.6 679.2 1084.3
218.3 706.2 1204.7 2093.9 2957.7
435.0 1126.5 2119.4 3295.2 4685.1
1135.3 2690.0 4156.9 5737.9
1186.3 3407.5 5009.6 5957.7
Observations
50 60 70 80 90
9 9 17 47 17
6 21 53 137 31
6 18 63 170 25
4 10 39 195 11
6 20 81 5
1 10 31 4
Measure
9
Table 5. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by age and site index classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Site index (ft)
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
50 60 70 80 90
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.3
Height
50 60 70 80 90
2.6 2.8 3.3 3.2 3.8
2.8 3.5 4.1 4.7 6.1
2.3 3.0 3.5 3.8 5.5
2.2 2.3 2.6 3.1 4.4
1.0 1.7 2.0 3.0 2.4
1.7 1.6 2.4 1.8 2.7
Basal area
50 60 70 80 90
4.4 4.6 6.2 4.5 5.3
4.9 7.4 11.0 13.9 16.8
6.1 8.6 10.0 9.8 10.7
4.7 5.4 5.8 5.8 5.0
4.1 3.7 4.1 4.9 3.6
1.3 2.6 3.2 2.4 3.0
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
50 60 70 80 90
103.9 109.9 162.2 115.8 110.6
70.6 95.0 162.4 218.1 306.6
100.4 187.5 281.6 330.0 444.3
117.8 201.6 254.6 341.0 385.3
92.7 162.1 227.4 343.5 279.9
63.7 164.3 227.0 219.0 348.6
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
50 60 70 80 90
85.1 90.2 135.4 96.4 89.9
54.3 70.7 122.8 166.4 239.0
77.2 149.6 231.8 278.4 383.4
95.4 171.9 222.1 307.2 356.1
75.2 141.9 204.9 317.4 264.3
54.1 148.9 210.5 207.5 341.0
Observations
50 60 70 80 90
18 17 27 20 17
32 52 82 51 31
29 63 105 59 25
14 47 124 53 10
5 18 53 17 5
1 9 9 8 1
Measure
10
Table 6. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by site index and trees per acre for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
50
60
Site Index 70
80
90
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5
Height
300 400 500 600
1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9
2.4 2.4 2.4 2.2
2.8 2.9 2.9 2.9
3.4 3.3 3.4 3.6
4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4
Basal area
300 400 500 600
0.8 0.2 1.8 1.2
2.3 2.6 3.3 2.4
3.3 4.7 5.3 5.3
5.6 6.5 7.2 7.3
6.6 8.4 7.8 7.9
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
7.4 1.1 20.9 12.2
33.1 33.2 41.5 28.4
60.5 80.7 95.1 80.5
130 152.9 149.8 134.5
190.3 195.4 158.7 128.9
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
5.2 0.7 15.4 8.8
25.2 24.9 30.8 20.9
47.9 63.1 75.0 61.6
106.9 125.6 120.9 106.1
162.2 160.9 127.9 100
Cubic foot yield
300 400 500 600
104.7 8.4 328.5 178.0
538.2 498.1 624.6 436.9
1103.7 1317.9 1688.2 1113.0
2358.8 2879.7 2432.4 1851.9
3644.2 2848.7 2057.2 1319.7
Observations
300 400 500 600
14 4 4 3
24 15 17 9
49 50 52 51
157 177 172 155
18 24 17 34
Measure
11
Table 7. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by site index and trees per acre for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas. Site Index Measure Trees per 50 60 70 80 90 acre Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6
Height
300 400 500 600
2.4 2.6 2.4 2.4
2.9 2.6 2.7 2.9
3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2
3.5 3.4 3.8 3.8
5.0 4.7 4.5 5.6
Basal area
300 400 500 600
4.2 5.5 6.7 4.5
4.9 6.7 6.8 7.3
6.3 7.1 8.5 9.2
7.3 6.6 9.3 10.3
6.5 10.7 8.6 13.6
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
73.9 107.1 116.3 94.6
125.1 164.8 172.2 160.6
206.2 241.3 237.3 243.1
255.3 283.9 330.3 259.2
331.4 326.3 279.9 319.3
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
57.9 85.2 91.0 76.5
103.4 135.2 142.1 129.2
176.2 206.8 198.0 200.7
221.2 251.6 283.8 213.8
298.7 277.3 238.9 259.0
Observations
300 400 500 600
43 21 22 13
41 57 55 53
94 112 110 84
44 46 52 66
16 22 17 34
12
Table 8. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by age and trees per acre classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
0.3 2.8 0.3 -
Height
300 400 500 600
2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2
3.3 3.4 3.4 3.8
3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6
3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2
3.0 3.0 2.8 2.7
2.7 2.8 2.5 -
Basal area
300 400 500 600
0.7 0.9 1.4 1.7
3.7 4.8 5.7 6.9
5.3 7.0 7.8 8.5
5.4 7.1 7.6 8.0
5.1 6.5 6.6 6.5
4.6 5.8 5.9 -
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
4.2 5.6 10.3 11.7
47.3 59.3 67.0 89.1
103.3 136.0 148.1 163.0
133.6 173.6 188.8 189.3
149.5 186.4 174.4 166.7
152.0 183.9 163.8 -
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
2.8 3.6 7.0 7.9
35.2 44.0 49.2 66.1
82.2 108.0 117.1 128.7
110.5 143.1 155.3 154.5
126.7 156.9 145.0 138.0
131.3 157.8 137.5 -
Cubic foot yield
300 400 500 600
20.3 25.6 50.0 56.1
423.3 518.7 579.4 765.5
1366.2 1790.9 1950.6 2144.4
2411.85 3120.4 3421.1 3382.7
3393.2 4217.3 3881.5 3631.1
4260.8 5174.7 4375.0 -
Observations
300 400 500 600
17 16 23 43
49 55 63 81
63 62 72 85
71 77 72 39
44 41 23 4
18 19 9 -
Measure
13
Table 9. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by age and trees per acre classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.3 0.2 0.2 2.5
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.1 0.2 -
Height
300 400 500 600
2.9 3.1 2.9 3.4
3.8 4.0 4.1 4.5
3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3
2.8 2.7 2.8 2.5
2.3 2.1 1.9 1.8
2.6 2.0 1.4 -
Basal area
300 400 500 600
3.4 4.2 5.2 6.0
7.1 9.6 11.6 13.2
7.8 9.6 10.0 9.7
5.2 5.9 5.9 5.3
4.0 4.4 3.9 4.9
2.6 2.4 3.1 -
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
75.8 89.6 130.4 153.3
106.8 145.8 174.2 208.8
215.0 277.1 284.9 281.3
221.9 268.9 286.4 263.9
224.5 251.9 203.3 237.8
204.0 215.4 182.3 -
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
61.8 72.7 108.0 127.5
81.2 111.3 132.6 159.6
178.4 230.2 235.6 232.6
194.5 236.3 252.3 232.0
204.5 228.0 181.9 211.2
192.0 202.0 165.1 -
Observations
300 400 500 600
17 16 23 43
49 55 63 81
63 62 72 84
66 74 70 38
36 38 20 4
7 13 8 -
Measure
14
Table 10. Overall mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Measure Average annual growth Diameter 0.4 Height 3.3 Basal area 4.5 Cubic foot volume 72.4 Cubic foot volume wood bark 97.7 Cubic foot volume - Yield 1557.7 Diameter = quadratic mean diameter in inches Height = average height of 10 tallest trees in area Basal area = square foot per acre Cubic foot volume = total stem cubic feet wood without bark per acre Cubic foot volume wood bark = total stem cubic foot wood and bark per acre Cubic foot volume - Yield Average annual growth values based on 475 observations
15
Table 11. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by site index, trees per acre and age classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas. Average annual growth Basal area Cubic foot Cubic foot Yield Observations (sq.ft) volume volume (cubic foot (wood bark) (wood only) vol wood & bark)
Diameter (in.)
Height (ft)
Site Index (ft) 50 60 70 80 90
0.2 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5
1.9 2.8 3.2 3.5 4.1
1.1 3.1 4.3 5.2 5.5
16.1 51.6 91.1 124.5 104.4
11.2 36.5 67.2 93.5 75.7
284.0 804.5 1524.3 2066.8 1292.7
26 44 158 177 70
Trees per acre 300 400 500 600
0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4
3.2 3.5 3.5 3.5
3.5 5.4 5.7 6.0
86.1 117.2 114.5 100.0
65.3 86.6 83.2 70.4
1546.2 1783.3 1635.8 1257.7
252 86 65 72
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.0 2.9
1.8 4.4 5.6 5.0 4.2 2.9
13.8 57.1 114.7 135.2 130.3 108.9
8.2 38.3 83.5 103.0 102.0 88.2
63.4 476.2 1515.3 2452.5 2870.9 3054.2
46 114 131 111 60 13
Age 5 10 15 20 25 30
16
Table 12. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by site index, trees per acre and age classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas. Average annual growth Basal area Cubic foot Cubic foot Observations (sq.ft) volume volume (wood & bark) (wood only)
Diameter (in.)
Height (ft)
Site Index (ft) 50 60 70 80 90
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
2.5 2.6 2.8 3.3 4.4
2.7 3.8 4.7 5.0 6.7
58.0 81.5 146.6 191.6 186.3
42.8 60.2 114.2 153.2 142.5
26 44 158 177 70
Trees per acre 300 400 500 600
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
3.0 3.4 3.3 3.6
3.0 6.3 6.7 8.5
121.8 198.6 196.5 203.7
98.9 154.9 150.5 151.1
252 86 65 72
0.4 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2
3.5 3.9 3.4 2.9 2.1 1.8
3.5 7.5 6.5 3.3 2.2 -2.1
70.9 121.0 207.8 190.9 159.9 12.2
52.8 83.9 159.5 157.7 137.2 21.8
46 114 131 111 60 13
Age 5 10 15 20 25 30
17
Table 13. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by age and site index classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Site index (ft)
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
50 60 70 80 90
0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4
0.1 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
Height
50 60 70 80 90
2.2 2.6 2.9 3.4 4.0
1.4 2.8 3.2 3.7 4.2
2.0 2.9 3.3 3.7 4.1
2.1 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.9
2.0 2.6 3.0 3.2 3.9
2.2 2.7 3.1 3.4
Basal area
50 60 70 80 90
0.7 0.6 1.3 2.0 2.4
0.3 2.6 3.8 5.3 6.2
1.2 5.0 5.1 5.9 7.9
1.6 4.5 4.8 5.4 6.3
1.7 3.8 4.1 4.7 4.9
1.6 3.0 3.0 3.6
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
50 60 70 80 90
4.0 3.4 8.6 15.4 19.7
1.9 26.8 45.3 72.0 91.2
13.1 82.4 97.3 127.9 180.8
26.5 98.1 123.9 152.6 200.4
33.6 97.3 122.1 153.2 193.0
56.4 105.5 118.3 147.5
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
50 60 70 80 90
2.2 1.9 5.0 9.1 11.9
1.1 17.0 29.8 48.5 62.4
8.6 57.2 69.9 93.8 133.5
18.7 71.6 93.6 117.0 156.8
24.5 73.6 94.9 120.9 156.1
45.7 84.7 96.7 120.7
Cubic foot Yield
50 60 70 80 90
19.8 15.0 40.8 75.6 88.7
15.9 217.4 385.3 603.7 745.6
175.3 1086.6 1300.7 1706.2 2309.6
482.4 1753.7 2281.0 2747.7 3652.3
738 2104.4 2670.8 3388.0 4439.5
1859.9 2975.7 3257.6 3983.6
Observations
50 60 70 80 90
2 7 9 6 22
6 17 34 36 21
8 8 49 46 20
6 6 38 56 5
4 5 21 29 1
1 7 4 1
Measure
18
Table 14. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by age and site index classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Site index (ft)
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
50 60 70 80 90
0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Height
50 60 70 80 90
2.2 2.8 3.1 3.4 4.0
2.7 3.0 3.6 4.2 4.7
2.9 2.8 3.1 3.5 4.3
1.9 1.9 2.6 3.1 4.8
2.3 1.5 1.4 2.5 8.0
0.5 1.9 2.3 0.5
Basal area
50 60 70 80 90
0.7 1.8 5.0 3.4 3.6
3.2 4.1 6.8 9.1 10
2.9 7.0 6.3 6.4 8.7
2.8 3.8 3.2 3.3 3.1
2.2 1.3 2.2 2.6 -4.1
-1 -1 -4.5 -3.5
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
50 60 70 80 90
4.0 55.5 136.9 103.0 46.1
75.9 48.2 98.2 151.5 177.7
40.6 156 181.2 223.2 352.0
62.4 138.1 173.0 211.4 315.5
86.1 64.7 124.4 206.3 332.7
-21.7 76.5 -60.3 -114
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
50 60 70 80 90
2.2 44.0 104.1 80.6 31.6
57.0 31.5 67.0 105.3 124.8
27.5 113.1 137.1 173.3 253.7
46.2 107.9 141.5 175.9 271.4
66.9 53.4 105.9 177.8 315.2
-13.1 73.7 -34.1 -83.1
Observations
50 60 70 80 90
2 7 9 6 22
6 17 34 36 21
8 8 49 46 20
6 6 38 56 5
4 5 21 29 1
1 7 4 1
Measure
19
Table 15. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by site index and trees per acre classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
50
60
Site Index 70
80
90
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.3 0.1 0.3
0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4
Height
300 400 500 600
1.9 1.0 2.4
2.7 2.8 2.8 2.9
3.1 3.2 3.1 3.2
3.5 3.6 3.6 3.6
4.0 4.1 4.0 4.1
Basal area
300 400 500 600
1.1 0.1 1.4
2.0 2.3 3.5 6.1
3.6 4.6 4.2 6.4
4.2 6.1 7.2 6.9
5.2 5.7 6.0 4.9
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
17.1 0.6 7.5
35.0 35.6 53.6 99.5
82.2 94.6 93.2 115.8
112.2 143.3 159.2 104.5
132.3 109.6 106.2 79.7
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
11.9 0.3 4.1
25.3 24.5 37.2 69.3
61.8 69.1 68.5 82.5
86.0 107.1 117.2 71.9
101.5 79.2 75.6 56.1
Cubic foot yield
300 400 500 600
305.9 4.5 37.3
612.4 520.3 753.8 1456.5
1472.7 1547.7 1614.7 1617.0
2044.3 2311.3 2340.3 1101.2
2199.2 1233.4 1209.4 835.9
Observations
300 400 500 600
24 1 1
24 3 8 9
90 24 16 28
101 40 22 14
13 18 19 20
Measure
20
Table 16. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by site index and trees per acre classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
50
60
Site Index 70
80
90
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.3 0.6 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5
Height
300 400 500 600
2.4 4.4 2.4
2.4 2.9 2.6 2.9
2.7 2.9 2.9 3.1
3.3 3.3 3.2 3.8
4.8 4.2 4.2 4.4
Basal area
300 400 500 600
2.6 5.8 1.4
1.8 3.3 5.2 8.1
3.4 5.5 4.4 8.6
3.1 6.5 7.5 10.4
2.8 7.4 8.2 7.4
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
55.1 176.8 7.5
37.6 55.2 97.8 192.9
116.7 166.1 155.4 221.1
153.6 231.0 263.5 240.4
188.9 195.1 195.1 168.3
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
40.4 137.9 4.1
28.5 39.0 70.6 142.6
93.4 128.4 120.9 165.4
126.7 183.2 205.8 176.4
159.1 147.7 145.1 124.7
Observations
300 400 500 600
24 1 1
24 3 8 9
90 24 16 28
101 40 22 14
13 18 19 20
Measure
21
Table 17. Mean annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (MAI) and yield by age and trees per acre classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
0.4 0.3 -
Height
300 400 500 600
2.7 3.6 3.5 3.6
3.2 3.5 3.6 3.5
3.2 3.7 3.6 3.5
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1
3.0 3.1 3.1 2.9
2.9 2.8 -
Basal area
300 400 500 600
0.5 1.9 1.9 2.2
2.7 4.5 5.3 6.5
3.8 6.5 6.9 8.5
4.1 6.1 7.2 8.3
3.7 6.1 6.9 7.6
2.8 4.8 -
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
2.9 15.3 14.7 16.5
35.4 60.3 72.1 81.1
75.8 139.1 146.3 174.2
112.2 169.6 194.5 208.6
114.5 186.0 210.9 206.6
104.2 165.2 -
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
1.6 9.2 8.8 9.8
23.9 40.6 48.6 53.7
55.2 101.9 106.3 125.7
85.9 129.2 147.1 154.8
90.2 144.1 162.8 156.5
84.6 130.8 -
Cubic foot yield
300 400 500 600
12.2 70.6 69.8 74.9
302 493.1 612.9 660.2
1004.2 1804.3 1936.0 2340.2
2037.2 3110.9 3491.1 3750.1
2552.1 4004.8 4517.6 4339.1
2923.2 4626.3 -
Observation
300 400 500 600
7 9 10 20
46 21 21 26
63 31 18 19
76 16 14 5
48 8 2 2
12 1 -
Measure
22
Table 18. Periodic annual diameter, height, basal area and cubic foot volume growth (PAI) by age and trees per acre classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
Trees per acre
5
10
AGE 15
20
25
30
Diameter
300 400 500 600
0.3 0.5 0.4 0.4
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2
0.3 0.2 -
Height
300 400 500 600
2.8 3.7 3.6 3.6
3.9 3.9 4.0 3.7
3.2 3.6 3.3 3.6
3.0 2.4 2.5 3.4
2.0 2.7 1.5 2.3
1.7 3.0 -
Basal area
300 400 500 600
1.4 3.4 3.9 4.0
4.8 7.8 8.6 11.2
4.6 7.7 7.9 9.9
2.6 3.6 4.8 7.7
1.4 6.0 2.5 5.7
-2.4 2.3 -
Cubic foot volume (wood & bar)
300 400 500 600
39.9 58.6 77.6 83.9
79.1 129.3 148.2 166.7
138.6 244.3 266.2 322.4
161.3 207.6 262.5 386.4
122.3 338.4 209.9 297.5
-6.5 237.1 -
Cubic foot volume (wood only)
300 400 500 600
31.4 42.0 57.7 62.7
55.4 90.3 103.4 113.6
106.5 188.3 204.8 245.0
134.7 171.5 213.6 306.8
106.9 281.9 179.2 243.0
6.2 208.9 -
Observations
300 400 500 600
7 9 10 20
46 21 21 26
63 31 18 19
76 16 14 5
48 8 2 2
12 1 -
Measure
23
7000
6000
YIELD (CFV)
5000
4000
SI 50 SI 60 SI 70 SI 80 SI 90
3000
2000
1000
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
AGE CLASS (YEAR)
Figure 1. Observed yield (cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by age and site index classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
24
300
250
SI 50 SI 60 SI 70 SI 80 SI 90
MAI (CFV)
200
150
100
50
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
AGE CLASS (YEAR)
Figure 2. Observed mean annual volume growth (MAI, cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by age and site index classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
25
250
200
TPA 300 TPA 400 TPA 500 TPA 600
MAI (CFV)
150
100
50
0 50
60
70
80
90
SITE INDEX (FEET)
Figure 3. Observed mean annual volume growth (MAI, cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by site index and trees per acre classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
26
200
180
160
140 TPA 300 TPA 400 TPA 500 TPA 600
MAI (CFV)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
AGE CLASS (YEAR)
Figure 4. Observed mean annual volume growth (MAI, cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by age and trees per acre classes for loblolly pine plantations in East Texas.
27
5000 4500 4000 3500
YIELD (CFV)
3000 SI 50 SI 60 SI 70 SI 80 SI 90
2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 5
10
15
20
25
30
AGE CLASS (YEAR)
Figure 5. Observed yield (cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by age and site index classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
28
250
SI 50 SI 60 SI 70 SI 80 SI 90
200
MAI (CFV)
150
100
50
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
AGE CLASS (YEAR)
Figure 6. Observed mean annual volume growth (MAI, cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by age and site index classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
29
180
160
140
MAI (CFV)
120
TPA 300 TPA 400 TPA 500 TPA 600
100
80
60
40
20
0 50
60
70
80
90
SITE INDEX (FEET)
Figure 7. Observed mean annual volume growth (MAI, cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by site index and trees per acre classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
30
250
200
MAI (CFV)
150
TPA 300 TPA 400 TPA 500 TPA 600
100
50
0 5
10
15
20
25
30
AGE CLASS (YEAR)
Figure 8. Observed mean annual volume growth (MAI, cubic foot volume per acre wood and bark) by age and trees per acre classes for slash pine plantations in East Texas.
31
