Nitrate -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 Study Author and Year

Crop

Sampling Date

Study Year

PREMUZIC2001 RAUPP1997 RAUPP1997 RAUPP1997 RUTKOVIENE1997 RUTKOVIENE1997

Lettuce Carrot Potato Red Beet Cabbage Carrot

RUTKOVIENE1997 TERMINE1987 TERMINE1987 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1993 VOGTMANN1993

Potato Leek Turnip Spinach Spinach Spinach Spinach Lettuce November 1979 Lettuce November 1980 Cabbage Carrot

VOGTMANN1993

Potato

Cultivar Mantecosa

1980-1984 1980-1984 1980-1984 Dotnuvos Baltaruskij Nanto 3 cultivars: Nida, Vilnia, and Voke Monstrueux d'Elboeuf Blanc dur d'hiver Nobel Original Nores Nobel Original Nores

Same Same

Same

Food Form Tested Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh After winter storage SUM MEANS

1600 119 99 963 352 148

NitrateConventional 3000 199 162 1315 348 260

0.533333 0.59799 0.611111 0.732319 1.011494 0.569231

51 1035 810 4640 10620 5410 9390 3547 3336 143.8 724.8

71 1718 1477 51880 87690 35980 39680 3519 3476 379.4 696

0.71831 0.602445 0.548409 0.089437 0.121108 0.150361 0.236643 1.007957 0.959724 0.37902 1.041379

Nitrate Organic

Ratio

18 189.7 0.094887 232,040 43,007 2,389 12,891 Average ratio 0.556 T-Test 0.056263

Kaempferol -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 MP

Author - Year 1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11

ANTTONEN2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 MITCHELL2007

SPISA2005 YOUNG2005 YOUNG2005 YOUNG2005 YOUNG2005

Crop Black current Tomato Bell pepper Bell pepper Tomato Tomato Internal leaves of tronchuda cabbage Leaf lettuce Pac choi Leaf lettuce Collards

Kaempferol Kaempferol Conventional Organic Value Value

Cultivar Ojebyn Burbank Californaia Wonder Excalibur Ropreco

Kalura Mei Qing Red Sails Top Bunch SUM MEANS

5 15.8 12.6 13.9 14.7 633

2 2 1.8 1.9 2.1 704.8 64.07

5.13 13.5 13 14 12.3 320.6

Ratio Organic to Conventional 0.97 1.17 0.97 0.99 1.20 1.97

28 0.07 1.6 1.25 2.4 0.75 1.6 1.19 2 1.05 414.13 37.65 Average ratio 1.05 T-Test 0.378861825

Quercetin - Valid Matched airs, "New Evidence" Reort, 2008 MP

Author -- Year

Crop

Cultivar

1 ANTTONEN2006 Black current Ojebyn Californaia Bell pepper Wonder 2 CHASSY2006 Bell pepper 3 CHASSY2006 Excalibur Tomato 4 CHASSY2006 Burbank Tomato 5 CHASSY2006 Ropreco 6 MITCHELL2007 Tomato Chinese cabbage 7 REN2001 Green pepper 8 REN2001 Qing-gen-cai 9 REN2001 Spinach 10 REN2001 Welsh onion 11 REN2001 Collards 12 YOUNG2005 Top Bunch Leaf lettuce 13 YOUNG2005 Kalura Leaf lettuce Red Sails 14 YOUNG2005 Pac choi 15 YOUNG2005 Mei Qing

Study year 2004

Ratio Quercetin Organic to ConvenConventional Value tional 20.69 19.62 1.05

Quercetin Organic Value

2003-2005 2003-2005 2003-2005 2003-2005 1994-2004

33 30 34.2 27.3 1155

32 31 26.4 21.8 646

1.03 0.97 1.30 1.25 1.79

2000

3.18

0.642

4.95

2000 2000 2000 2003 2003 2003 2003 SUM MEANS

9.58 0.41 0.12 0.146 1.1 0.7 1 3.4 1319.826 87.99

5.498 0.174 0.094 0.014 0.7 0.2 0.7 3.4 788.242 52.55 Average ratio T-Test

1.7424518 2.35632184 1.27659574 10.4285714 1.57 3.50 1.43 1.00

2.3764 0.31261208

Beta-carotene -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 MP

Author - Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

BERGOMO2003 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 LECLERC1991 LUMPKIN2005 PREZ-LOPEZ2007 REMBIALKOWSKA2003

Crop

Cultivar

Milk Carrot Cellobunch Carrot Cellobunch Carrot Cellobunch Carrot Tomato Sweet pepAlmuden Carrot Monanta

Study year 2002 1991 1992 1990 1997-1998 2004-2005 2005 1997 SUM MEANS

b-carotene - Ratio Organic b-carotene Conven tional to Organic Value Value Conventional 0.003 0.002 Not plant based food 84 89.1 0.94 81.4 93 0.88 118.6 145 0.82 8.3 7.2 1.15 0.53 0.51 1.04 298 85 >>>> outlier 13.6 14.5 0.94 604 434 76 54 Average ratio 0.92 T-Test 0.465981658

Ratio Value 1.500

3.506

Potassium -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 Matched Pair 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33

Study Cultivar Year AMODIO2007 Kiwifruit 2004 Hayward DeELL1993 Apple 1992 Cortland DeELL1993 Apple 1992 McIntosh LAIRON1984 Butterhead lettuce Mantilia LECLERC1991 Carrot 1987 andSame cultivar LECLERC1991 Celeriac 1987 andSame cultivar MADER1993 Beetroot 1987 Mobile MADER1993 Beetroot 1990 Mobile MADER1993 Beetroot 1991 Mobile Baluro OGBADU1989 Eggplant Samaru stripe OGBADU1989 Eggplant White large OGBADU1989 Eggplant PECK2006 Apple 2002 Galaxy Gala PECK2006 Apple 2003 Galaxy Gala Almuden PEREZ-LOPEZ200 Sweet pepper 2005 1999-200 Navelina RAPISARDA2005Orange 1999-200 Tarocco RAPISARDA2005Orange REMBIALKOWSK Carrot 1997 Monanta RYAN2004 Wheat 1993 Janz TERMINE1987 Leek Monstrueux d'Elboeuf TERMINE1987 Turnip Blanc dur d'hiver 1990 Lennox WARMAN1997 Cabbage 1991 Lennox WARMAN1997 Cabbage 1992 Lennox WARMAN1997 Cabbage WARMAN1997 Carrot 1990 Cellobunch WARMAN1997 Carrot 1991 Cellobunch WARMAN1997 Carrot 1992 Cellobunch WARMAN1998 Potato 1990 Superior WARMAN1998 Potato 1991 Superior WARMAN1998 Potato 1992 Superior WARMAN1998 Sweet corn 1990 Sunnyvee WARMAN1998 Sweet corn 1991 Pride and Joy WARMAN1998 Sweet corn 1992 Pride and Joy Reference ID

Conventional % of DW 21,400 17,700 1,210 1,070 mg/100g FW 1,090 1,060 mg/100g FW 50,400 47,800 mg/g FW mg/100g FW 3,210 2,800 mg/100g FW 4,310 4,420 % DW 20,200 23,500 % DW 19,700 23,800 % DW 18,700 27,300 mg/100g DW 5,387 5,999 mg/100g DW 4,646 5,048 mg/100g DW 5,090 5,638 8,700 % 8,500 9,100 % 8,400 g/kg FW 1,400 1,450 mg/L 1,300 1,612 mg/L 1,445 1,497 2,260 2,660 mg/100g FW g/kg FW 4,000 3,500 3,450 3,520 mg/100g FW 2,380 2,580 mg/100g FW g/kg FW 24,200 21,960 g/kg FW 20,000 18,000 g/kg FW 24,400 26,200 g/kg FW 24,600 24,700 g/kg FW 39,000 22,900 g/kg FW 26,800 41,700 g/kg FW 14,100 13,600 g/kg FW 15,400 14,600 g/kg FW 14,600 11,900 g/kg FW 11,700 11,000 g/kg FW 11,700 14,600 g/kg FW 15,800 12,100 SUM 430,779 434,013 MEANS 13,054 13,152 Average ratio T-Test

Crop

Unit of K

Page 5

Organic

Ratio 1.20904 1.13084 1.0283 1.05439 1.14643 0.97511 0.85957 0.82773 0.68498 0.89806 0.92036 0.90289 0.97701 0.92308 0.96552 0.80657 0.96572 0.84962 1.14286 0.98011 0.92248 1.102 1.11111 0.9313 0.99595 1.70306 0.64269 1.03676 1.05479 1.22689 1.06364 0.80137 1.30579

1.0044 0.90124

Phosphorous -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 MP

Reference ID

Crop

Study Year

Organic Phosphorus

Cultivar

Conventional Phosphorus

Ratio

1 AMODIO2007

Kiwifruit

2004

Hayward

2700

2400

2 DeELL1993

Apple

1992

McIntosh

135

120

1.125 1.125

3 DeELL1993

Apple

1992

Cortland

135

111

1.216216216

Mantilia

4 LAIRON1984

Butterhead lettuce

4720

3430

1.376093294

5 LECLERC1991

Carrot

1987 and 198Same cultivar

340

304

1.118421053

6 LECLERC1991

Celeriac

1987 and 198Same cultivar

821

727

1.129298487

7 MADER1993

Beetroot

1987

Mobile

2800

3100

0.903225806

8 MADER1993

Beetroot

1990

Mobile

2400

2400

1

9 MADER1993

Beetroot

1991

Mobile

2600

2500

1.04

10 OGBADU1989

Eggplant

Samaru stripe

357.8

332.5

1.076090226

11 OGBADU1989

Eggplant

Baluro

363.7

371.7

0.978477267

12 OGBADU1989

Eggplant

White large

399.2

405.8

0.98373583

13 PECK2006

Apple

2002

Galaxy Gala

700

700

1

14 PECK2006

Apple

2003

Galaxy Gala

800

900

0.888888889

15 RAPISARDA2005

Orange

1999-2001

Navelina

125.55

135.44

0.926978736

16 RAPISARDA2005

Orange

1999-2001

Tarocco

121.47

116.81

1.039893845

17 RYAN2004

Wheat

1993

Janz

2800

3100

0.903225806

18 TERMINE1987

Leek

Monstrueux d'Elboeuf

344

348

0.988505747

19 TERMINE1987

Turnip

Blanc dur d'hiver

334

285

1.171929825

20 WARMAN1997

Carrot

1990

Cellobunch

2540

2430

1.04526749

21 WARMAN1997

Carrot

1991

Cellobunch

3280

3260

1.006134969

22 WARMAN1997

Carrot

1992

Cellobunch

2230

2330

0.957081545

23 WARMAN1997

Cabbage

1990

Lennox

2360

2120

1.113207547

24 WARMAN1997

Cabbage

1991

Lennox

2230

1790

1.245810056

25 WARMAN1997

Cabbage

1992

Lennox

2000

2510

0.796812749

26 WARMAN1998

Potato

1990

Superior

1640

1460

1.123287671

27 WARMAN1998

Potato

1991

Superior

1710

1350

1.266666667

28 WARMAN1998

Potato

1992

Superior

1830

1320

1.386363636

29 WARMAN1998

Sweet corn

1990

Sunnyvee

3940

4150

0.94939759

30 WARMAN1998

Sweet corn

1991

Pride and Joy

3330

3040

1.095394737

4220

3990

1.05764411

124

94

1.319148936

31 WARMAN1998

Sweet corn

1992

Pride and Joy

32 WEIBEL2000

Apple

1997

Golden Delicious SUM

54,431

MEANS

1,701

51,631 1,613 Average ratio T-Test

Page 6

1.0735 0.113452095

Total Phenolics -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 MP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Reference ID AMODIO2007 ANTTONEN2006 CARBONARO2002 CARBONARO2002 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 FAURIEL2007 LUMPKIN 2005 OLSSON2006 OLSSON2006 RATTLER2005 REMBIALKOWSKA2007 REMBIALKOWSKA2007 REMBIALKOWSKA2007 SOUSA2005 YOUNG2005 YOUNG2005 YOUNG2005 YOUNG2005

Crop

Cultivar

Study Year

Kiwifruit Hayward Black current Ojebyn Peach Regina bianca Williams Pear Tomato Burbank Tomato Ropreco Bell pepper California wonder Bell pepper Excalibur Peach Spring Lady Tomato Strawberry Honeoye Strawberry Cavendish Lettuce Apple Lobo Apple Cortland Apple Boskoop Internal leaves of the Leaf lettuce Kalura Leaf lettuce Red Sails Carrot Top Bunch Pac choi Mei Qing

Page 7

2004 2004 2000 2000 2003-2005 2003-2005 2003-2005 2003-2005 2004-2005

Organic Phosphorus

560 7901 290 645 379 349 579 619 1007 850 2005 12500 2005 22799.99924 2004 90.92 3372.9 4209.1 3758.1 2003 122.3 2003 5200 2003 13500 2003 9500 2003 15200 SUM 103,432 MEANS 4,925

Conventional Phosphorus 480 7970 212.9999924 584.0000153 354 354 623 551 689 810 14199.99981 19700.00076 89.77 2330.9 5254.1 3614.7 97.6 5200 12500 9400 11500 96,515 4,596 Average ratio T-Test

Ratio 1.166666667 0.991342535 1.361502396 1.104452026 1.070621469 0.985875706 0.929373997 1.123411978 1.461538462 1.049382716 0.880281702 1.157360323 1.012810516 1.447037625 0.801107706 1.039671342 1.25307377 1 1.08 1.010638298 1.32173913

1.1070 0.21

l Antioxidant Capacity -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 Reference ID AMODIO2007 LUMPKIN 2005 PECK2006 PECK2006 REMBIALKOWSKA2007 REMBIALKOWSKA2007 REMBIALKOWSKA2007 ZHAO2007

Crop Kiwifruit Tomato Apple Apple Apple Apple Apple Pac choi

Cultivar Hayward Galaxy Gala Galaxy Gala Lobo Cortland Boskoop Mei Qing

Study Year 2004 2004-2005 2002 2003

2004 SUM MEANS

Page 8

Conventional Phosphorus 12.35 9.69 277 288 24.3 20.8 27.9 24.3 7818 4796 7832 6170 7925 6024 56.7 50.3 17,383 23,973 2,997 2,173 Average ratio T-Test

Organic Phosphorus

Ratio 1.274509804 0.961805556 1.168269231 1.148148148 1.630108424 1.269367909 1.315571049 1.127236581

1.2369 0.09

Vitamin E -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 MP

Reference ID

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

BERGAMO2003 CARBONARO2002 CARBONARO2002 WALSHE2006 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1998 WARMAN1998 WARMAN1998

Crop Milk Peach Pear Meat Cabbage Cabbage Cabbage Carrot Carrot Carrot Sweet corn Sweet corn Sweet corn

Cultivar

Regina Bianca Willimas Lennox Lennox Lennox Cellobunch Cellobunch Cellobunch Sunnyvee Pride and Joy Pride and Joy

Study year 2002 2000 2000 2002 1990 1991 1992 1990 1991 1992 1990 1991 1992 SUM MEANS

Vit. E. - Organic Value 21.89999962 6.499999762 7.099999785 4.051 0.430000001 0.310000002 0.34 13.80000019 14 8.300000191 0.920000017 1.279999971 0.479999989 79.41099953 6.11

Vit. E. Conventional Value 15 5.69999928 5.799999983 3.812 0.439999998 0.34 0.319999993 15.5 13.60000038 7.5 1.330000043 1.320000052 0.20000003 70.86199976 5.45 Average ratio T-Test

Ratio Organic to Conventional 1.46 1.14 1.22 1.06 0.98 0.91 1.06 0.89032259 1.02941174 1.10666669 0.69172931 0.97 2.40

1.1482 0.2602266

Total Protein -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 MP

Author - Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Crop

Cultivar

Study Year

DANI2007 Grape juicBordo 2005 DANI2007 Grape juicNiagara 2005 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsFreja 1998 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsFreja 1999 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsFreja 2000 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsMatilda 1998 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsMatilda 1999 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsMatilda 2000 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsSang 1998 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsSang 1999 DIMBERG2005 Oat grainsSang 2000 ELSHEIKH1996 Faba bea Shambat 61993/1994 GRANSTEDT1997 Potato 1971-1979 HOGSTAD1997 Carrot Nantes du 1990 LAIRON1984 ButterheadMantilla OGBADU1989 Eggplant Baluro OGBADU1989 Eggplant Samaru strip OGBADU1989 Eggplant White large PIMPINI1992 Onion Stoccarda 1987 PIMPINI1992 Potato Kennebec 1985 PIMPINI1992 Spinach Early Hybid1988-1989 REMBIALKOWSKAPotato Ania 1995 REMBIALKOWSKAPotato Bryza 1994 REMBIALKOWSKAPotato Sokol 1994 REMBIALKOWSKAPotato Sokol 1995 SRIKUMAR1990 Potato 1986 WOLSON1981 Maize 1975-1978 SUM MEANS

Organic 2400 3270 97000 99000 104000 113000 114000 123000 101000 105000 111000 303000 82000 3100 9300 80600 98800 99900 136000 92000 249000 19 22 20 24 75.1 91300 2,217,830 82,142

Conventional 3170 3100 107000 101000 116000 123000 122000 137000 112000 120000 122000 284000 99000 2800 9000 129400 120000 125600 154000 96000 293000 23 23 23 26 96.3 102400 2,481,661 91,913 Average ratio T-Test

Ratio Organic to Conventional 0.76 1.05 0.91 0.98 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.91 1.07 0.83 1.11 1.03 0.62 0.82 0.80 0.88 0.96 0.85 0.83 0.96 0.87 0.92 0.78 0.89

0.89807 0.0012

Ascorbic acid - Vitamin C -- Valid Matched Pairs, "New Evidence" Report, 2008 Author - Year

Study Year

Crop

Cultivar

Stored at 0 C for 4 months Fresh Frozen Frozen

Kiwifruit Strawberry Tomato Tomato

Hayward Chandler Burbank Ropreco

Tomato Grape juice Grape juice Potato Potato Carrot Carrot Tomato Eggplant Eggplant Eggplant Strawberry Strawberry Lettuce Orange Orange Potato Potato Potato Potato

Ropreco Bordo Bordo 8 varieties 8 varieties Same cultivar Same cultivar 2 cultivars: PT 4769 and PT 4762 Samaru stripe Samaru stripe Baluro Honeoye Honeoye Mantecosa Navelina Navelina Sokol Sokol Sokol Sokol

REMBIALKOWSKA2007

Apple

Lobo

REMBIALKOWSKA2007

Apple

Lobo

AMODIO2007 CAYUELA1997 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 CHASSY2006 DANI2007 DANI2007 HAJSLOVA2005 HAJSLOVA2005 LECLERC1991 LECLERC1991

2004 1998 2003-2005 2003-2005 2003-2005 2003-2005

LUMPKIN2005 OGBADU1989 OGBADU1989 OGBADU1989 OLSSON2006 OLSSON2006 PREMUZIC2001 RAPISARDA2005 RAPISARDA2005 REMBIALKOWSKA2003 REMBIALKOWSKA2003 REMBIALKOWSKA2003 REMBIALKOWSKA2003

2004-2005

1996-1999 1996-1999 1987 and 1988 1987 and 1988

2005 2005 1999-2001 1999-2001 1994 1994 1995 1995

Food Form Tested

Page 11

Frozen

Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Frozen Frozen Fresh Squeezed juice Squeezed juice Fresh Fresh Fresh Fresh Processed (before pasteurization) Processed (before pasteurization)

Organic 330 720 619 490 221 186 572000 220000 89.6 105.4 45 81

Conventional

Ratio

290 700 533 503 175 162 308000 176000 96.2 80.9 38 73

1.137931 1.0285714 1.1613508 0.9741551 1.2628571 1.1481481 1.8571429 1.25 0.9313929 1.302843 1.1842105 1.109589

240 250 82.4 113.6 67.2 89.49998 73.9 98.3 4670 4820 5170 3800 119 109 655 584.7 659.6 589.5 190 162 267 233 251 215 182 159

0.96 0.7253521 0.7508381 0.7517803 0.9688796 1.3605264 1.0917431 1.1202326 1.1189143 1.1728395 1.1459227 1.1674419 1.1446541

263.2

230.5

1.1418655

518

553.7

0.9355247

Author - Year

Study Year

Crop

Cultivar

Food Form Tested

Organic

Conventional

Ratio

1992 1992 1991 1991 1990 1990

Processed (before Cortland pasteurization) Apple Pusa Sawani Fresh Okra External leaves of tronchuda cabbFresh Blanc dur d'hiver Fresh Turnip Blanc dur d'hiver Fresh Turnip Nores Fresh Spinach Nores Fresh Spinach Same Fresh Cabbage Lennox Fresh Cabbage Lennox Fresh Cabbage Cellobunch Fresh Carrot Cellobunch Fresh Carrot Lennox Fresh Cabbage Lennox Fresh Cabbage

WARMAN1998

1990

Sweet corn

Sunnyvee

Fresh for Vc, frozen for VE

72.97

77.84

0.9374358

WARMAN1998

1990

Sweet corn

Sunnyvee

Fresh for Vc, frozen for VE

104.76

108.74

0.963399

WARMAN1998

1991

Sweet corn

Pride and Joy

Fresh for Vc, frozen for VE

15.5

12.81

1.2099922

WARMAN1998

1991

Sweet corn

Pride and Joy

Fresh for Vc, frozen for VE

360.4

380.1

0.9481715

WARMAN1998

1992

Sweet corn

Pride and Joy

Fresh for Vc, frozen for VE SUM MEANS

164.6 171.6 849,956 524,576 18,477 11,404 Average ratio T-Test

0.9592075

REMBIALKOWSKA2007 SALEHA1989 SOUSA2005 TERMINE1987 TERMINE1987 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1984 VOGTMANN1993 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997 WARMAN1997

1984-1986 2002

Page 12

501.4 161.2 36225.6 978 271 705 763 282 412.45 26.9 28.7 539.22 21.5 26.9

388.5 137.2 21030.6 761 317 499 555 250 583.56 29.4 34.3 534.2 16.9 29.4

1.2906049 1.1749271 1.7225186 1.2851511 0.8548896 1.4128257 1.3747748 1.128 0.7067825 0.914966 0.8367347 1.0093972 1.2721893 0.914966

1.1048 0.23