Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas A task from Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry In this activity, students will demonstrate their ability to name compounds and write chemical formulas, including ionic and covalent compounds, acids, bases, and polyatomic ions, according to IUPAC nomenclature rules. This manipulative activity will reinforce an understanding of electron interactions as elements, including main group elements and transition metals, interact to form stable compounds. Teachers will be able to formatively assess students’ ability to correctly name compounds and their understanding of the interactions that lead to the formation of compounds. This task supports these student expectations from the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Science1: (7) Science concepts. The student knows how atoms form ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds. The student is expected to: (A) name ionic compounds containing main group or transition metals, covalent compounds, acids, and bases, using International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) nomenclature rules; (B) write the chemical formulas of common polyatomic ions, ionic compounds containing main group or transition metals, covalent compounds, acids, and bases; (2) Scientific processes. The student uses scientific methods to solve investigative questions. The student is expected to: (I) communicate valid conclusions supported by the data through methods such as lab reports, labeled drawings, graphs, journals, summaries, oral reports, and technology-based reports

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Text with a line through it indicates this part of the TEKS is not being addressed in this activity.

A resource from The Charles A. Dana Center at The University of Texas at Austin

Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas

Bonding and Chemical Reactions

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce students’ ability to name compounds and write chemical formulas, and to compare interactions between ions and interactions between atoms to form molecules.

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Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Teacher Pages Essential Understandings •

Use prefixes to name covalent compounds.

•

For ionic compounds, name the metal or cation first, then name the nonmetal or anion, changing the end of the names of single element anions to –ide.

•

The name of an acid depends on the type of anion it has.

•

Ionic chemical formulas are based on neutral compounds formed from the attraction of positive and negative ions.

•

Covalent compounds are formed when nonmetals share valence electrons in order to complete their outer energy level.

Materials Magnetic tape (1 half-inch wide roll per station) Metal baking sheet (1 per station) In addition to the blackline masters, the following materials are needed to make the Covalent Compound Cards: 90 black beads or half-beads (approximately 6 mm in diameter) with adhesive backs Acrylic glue (SuperGlue®) or hot glue (if beads are not self-adhering) Scissors Hole punch The following materials are included in the blackline masters for this station. Station Information Sheet (1 per station) Periodic Table of the Elements (1 per station) How Compounds Are Named Flowchart (1 per station) Covalent Compound Cards (1 set per station) Anion and Cation Cards (1 set per station) Student Pages (1 set per student)

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Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas

Advance Preparation 1. Print one copy of all the blackline masters for this station using a color printer. Color is essential to the station activities. Make one copy of the Student Pages (including the glossary) for each student. 2. Laminate the Station Information Sheet, the Periodic Table of the Elements, and the How Compounds Are Named Flowchart. 3. Laminate and cut apart the Covalent Compound Cards. Use a hole punch to make holes where there are white dots in the cards. Glue or stick the 90 beads or half beads to the black dots to represent electrons.

After the cards are laminated, use a pair of sharp scissors to cut along the dotted line on each of the cards stopping just before reaching the letter on the card.

The cards are assembled by sliding them together until the holes and beads match up. In the example on the right, the holes and the beads on the hydrogen cards line up with the holes and beads on the silicon card.

Lock the four hydrogen cards to the silicon card to complete this example model.

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4. Laminate and cut apart the Anion and Cation Cards. Place a piece of magnetic tape on the back of each card. Place the cards in an envelope and label it.

Station Setup 1. Tape the Station Information Sheet to the station table. Students will use this to confirm the station is set up correctly. 2. Place the How Compounds Are Named Flowchart, the Covalent Compound Cards, the Anion and Cation Cards, and the metal baking sheet at the table.

Procedures 1. Tell students to check the station setup against the Station Information Sheet when they arrive at the table. If anything is missing or out of place, they should notify you. 2. Pass out a copy of the Student Pages to each student. Instruct students to work through the procedures and answer the questions with their teammate(s). 3. As students work through the station activity, circulate around the room, checking their work and responding to questions.

Guide to Student Responses Note—The suggested student responses presented below in italics represent the best possible answers to the student questions; actual student responses may vary.

Essential Question What features of compounds and chemical formulas do scientists use to determine the names for the compounds and formulas? Scientists use the compound or formula’s type of bonding (ionic or covalent), its location on the periodic table, and whether it is a main group or transition metal to name compounds and chemical formulas.

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Formative Assessment Activities for

Formative Activities for High School Chemistry High Assessment School Chemistry

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas

1. Locate the How Compounds Are Named Flowchart and use it to name the compounds in the table below. Compound

Name

ClO2

Chlorine dioxide

HCl(aq)

Hydrochloric acid

NH4NO3

Ammonium nitrate

Pb(NO3)2

Lead (II) nitrate

Fe2O3

Iron (III) Oxide

H2CO3

Carbonic acid

C2Br6

Dicarbon hexabromide

HNO3(aq)

Nitric acid

HCl(g)

Hydrogen chloride

KOH(aq)

Potassium hydroxide

Part II: Chemical Formulas 2. Continue using the How Compounds Are Named Flowchart to complete the table by writing the chemical formulas for the following covalent compounds. Example: Tetrasulfur dinitride – S4N2 Covalent Compound Name

Covalent Compound Formula

Dinitrogen trioxide

N 2O 3

Carbon tetrachloride

CCl4

Disulfur trifluoride

S 2F 3

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3. Use the Covalent Compound Cards to determine the chemical formulas for the following compounds: a. A compound with carbon and fluorine: CF4 b. A compound with silicon and hydrogen: SiH4 c. A compound with sulfur and bromine: SBr2 4. Locate the Anion and Cation Cards. Match the cards and arrange them on the baking sheet so that they represent the neutral compounds listed in the table. Complete the table by giving the correct chemical formulas for the compounds.

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Ionic Compound Name

Ionic Compound Formula

Copper (I) sulfate

Cu2SO4

Calcium carbonate

CaCO3

Copper (II) nitrite

Cu(NO2)2

Iron (III) oxide

Fe2O3

Ammonium phosphate

(NH4)3PO4

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Formative Assessment Activities for Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry High School Chemistry

Naming Compounds and Chemical Naming Compounds andFormulas Chemical Formulas

5. What are three other ionic compounds you can make using these cards? May include, but not limited to: PbI2, MgCl2, Be(OH)2, Cu(NO2)2, Fe(OH)3, NH4I, NH4OH 6. Now that you have completed these exercises, return to the Essential Question. Would you like to modify or change your answer? Write any modifications to your answer below. Answers will vary.

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Blackline Masters for

Bonding and Chemical Reactions

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Contents Station Information Sheet How Compounds Are Named Flowchart Covalent Compound Cards Anion and Cation Cards Periodic Table of the Elements

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Station Information Sheet

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas How Compounds are Named ACIDS

IONIC COMPOUNDS

Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid)

Examples: H 2SO 4 (Sulfuric acid) H 2SO 3 (Sulfurous acid)

Use prefixes to indicate how many atoms of each element are in the compound. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

Example: NH 4Cl (Ammonium chloride)

Oxide

2

+

w

2

Cu2+

NO

Note: Mono- is rarely used. Also, when two vowels come together, drop the second vowel.

NO

Hydroxide OH – Hypochlorite ClO – Nitrate NO 3– Nitrite NO 2– Perchlorate ClO 4– Permanganate MnO 4– Phosphate PO 43– Sulfate SO 42– Sulfite SO 32–

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

te

Polyatomic Ions

MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHeptaOctaNonaDeca-

O2

Prefixes

Acetate C 2H 3O 2– , CH 3COO – Ammonium NH 4+ Carbonate CO 32– Chlorate ClO 3– Chlorite ClO 2– Chromate CrO 42– Cyanide CN – Dichromate Cr 2O 72– Hydrogen Carbonate HCO 3–

Example: Fe 2O 3 (Iron (III) oxide)

Example: N 2O 4 (Dinitrogen tetroxide)

Covalent Compound Cards

te

that can have more than one charge, use Roman numerals to show the charge.

Nonmetal + nonmetal

Change the ending of oxy-anion: -ate to -ic -ite to -ous

tri

If the metal is a

H + oxy-anion

Use the prefix hydro and change the ending of the name of the nonmetal to ic.

tri

Example: NaCl (Sodium chloride)

or metal first, then the anion or nonmetal, using the -ide ending for single nonmetal anions.

H + nonmetal

Ni

Name the metal first, then the nonmetal. Change the ending of the nonmental to -ide.

More than two elements:

Ni

Two elements metal + nonmetal

Si

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

Ox Copper id e

O2

+

Anion and Cation Cards

Baking Sheet

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Change the ending of oxy-anion: -ate to -ic -ite to -ous Examples: H 2SO 4 (Sulfuric acid) H 2SO 3 (Sulfurous acid)

Use the prefix hydro and change the ending of the name of the nonmetal to ic. Example: HCl (Hydrochloric acid)

Hydroxide OH – Hypochlorite ClO – Nitrate NO 3– Nitrite NO 2– Perchlorate ClO 4– Permanganate MnO 4– Phosphate PO 43– Sulfate SO 42– Sulfite SO 32–

Polyatomic Ions

H + oxy-anion

H + nonmetal

Acetate C 2H 3O 2 , CH 3COO – Ammonium NH 4+ Carbonate CO 32– Chlorate ClO 3– Chlorite ClO 2– Chromate CrO 42– Cyanide CN – Dichromate Cr 2O 72– Hydrogen Carbonate HCO 3–

Example: NH 4Cl (Ammonium chloride)

Name the cation or metal first, then the anion or nonmetal, using the -ide ending for single nonmetal anions.

More than two elements: cation + anion

ACIDS

Note: Mono- is rarely used. Also, when two vowels come together, drop the second vowel.

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten

Prefixes MonoDiTriTetraPentaHexaHeptaOctaNonaDeca-

Example: N 2O 4 (Dinitrogen tetroxide)

Use prefixes to indicate how many atoms of each element are in the compound. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

Nonmetal + nonmetal

COVALENT COMPOUNDS

STAAR Chemistry Assessments

Example: Fe 2O 3 (Iron (III) oxide)

If the metal is a transition metal that can have more than one charge, use Roman numerals to show the charge.

Example: NaCl (Sodium chloride)

Name the metal first, then the nonmetal. Change the ending of the nonmental to -ide.

Two elements metal + nonmetal

IONIC COMPOUNDS

How Compounds are Named Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas HowHow Compounds Are Named Flowchart Compounds Are Named Flowchart

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Si

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Si

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Anion and Cation Cards

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Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Anion and Cation Cards

Oxide

O2

Oxide

O2

+ Fe3+

Iron (III)

+ + +

Fe3+

Iron (III)

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Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas

Bonding and Chemical Reactions

Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Student Pages Purpose The purpose of this station is to reinforce your ability to name compounds and write chemical formulas, and to compare interactions between ions and interactions between atoms to form molecules.

Before You Begin… Check to see that all the items are present and organized according to the Station Information Sheet. If you notice a problem, notify your teacher immediately.

Materials Station Information Sheet Periodic Table of the Elements How Compounds Are Named Flowchart Covalent Compound Cards Anion and Cation Cards Metal baking sheet

Essential Question What features of compounds and chemical formulas do scientists use to determine names for compounds and formulas?

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Compounds and Chemical Naming Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Formulas

Formative Assessment Activities Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry for High School Chemistry

Part I: Naming Compounds 1.

Locate the How Compounds Are Named Flowchart and use it to name the compounds in the table below. Compound

Name

ClO2 HCl(aq) NH4NO3 Pb(NO3)2 Fe2O3 H2CO3(aq) C2Br6 HNO3(aq) HCl(g) KOH(aq)

Part II: Chemical Formulas 2.

Continue using the How Compounds Are Named Flowchart to complete the table by writing the chemical formulas for the following covalent compounds. Example: Tetrasulfur dinitride – S4N2

Covalent Compound Name

Covalent Compound Formula

Dinitrogen trioxide Carbon tetrachloride Disulfur trifluoride

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Naming Compounds andFormulas Chemical Formulas Naming Compounds and Chemical

High School Chemistry

3.

4.

Use the Covalent Compound Cards to determine the chemical formulas for the following compounds: a.

A compound with carbon and fluorine:

b.

A compound with silicon and hydrogen:

c.

A compound with sulfur and bromine:

Locate the Anion and Cation Cards. Match the cards and arrange them on the baking sheet so that they represent the neutral compounds listed in the table. Complete the table by giving the correct chemical formulas for the compounds. Example: Copper (I) phosphate — Cu3PO4 Ionic Compound Name

Ionic Compound Formula

Copper (I) sulfate Calcium carbonate Copper (II) nitrite Iron (III) oxide Ammonium phosphate 5.

6.

What are three other ionic compounds you can make using these cards?

Now that you have completed these exercises, return to the Essential Question. Would you like to modify or change your answer? Write any modifications to your answer below.

NOTE: Because other students are going to do the activity after you, be sure to put all the materials at the station back as you found them. Sometimes there will be materials that need to be renewed or replaced. If you need assistance or have any questions, ask your teacher.

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I Need to Remember . . .

Formative Assessment Activities for High School Chemistry

Complete this part after class discussion of this station. I need to remember . . .

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Naming Compounds and Chemical Naming Compounds andFormulas Chemical Formulas

Glossary for Naming Compounds and Chemical Formulas Acids Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen (H+) and that, when dissolved in water, increase the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Anion An anion is an ion that has gained one or more electrons and that has a negative charge.

Cation A cation is an ion that has lost one or more electrons and that has a positive charge.

Compound A compound is a substance composed of two or more elements that are chemically combined.

Covalent Bond Covalent bonds are the chemical bonds that form when two atoms share one or more electron pairs.

Ion An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons and thus has either a positive or negative charge.

Ionic Bond Ionic bonds are the bonds that form when atoms link together due to the attraction of opposite charges.

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