MOBILE CRANE INSPECTION & SAFETY ASPECTS
Speaker Introduction Name : Beniel R. Suresh Kumar Senior Inspection Engineer Consolidated Contractors Co. Heavy Lift Department [HLD] – Abu Dhabi – U.A.E. Bachelor of Engineering (Mechanical) Anna University - Chennai Tamil Nadu - India Industry work experience: 28 yrs.
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Consolidated Contractors Company HEAVY LIFT DEPARTMENT [HLD]
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HEAVY LIFT DEPARTMENT • CCC has been involved in the heavy lift business since 1980 empowered by a professional team consisting of Engineers, draftsmen, specialists and supervisors dedicated for this critical operation and following Company Safety and Quality standards. • The Heavy Lift Department provides the following services: • Heavy Lift Feed Study • Heavy Lift turnkey project • Heavy Lift Execution • Heavy Lift Consultation • Heavy Lift Management • Heavy Lift Engineering
• CCC owns over 875 cranes with a capacity ranging from 1600 to 8 tons.
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HEAVY LIFT DEPARTMENT TYPE
CAPACITY
NO.
DEMAG CC 8800-1
Crawler
1,600 T
1
DEMAG CC 2500-1
Crawler
500 T
2
DEMAG CC 2200
Crawler
350 T
1
DEMAG CC 1800-1
Crawler
300 T
2
DEMAG AC 350
Truck Mounted
350 T
2
DEMAG CC 1500
Crawler
275 T
1
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CCC Heavy Lift Department employ years of experience along with the latest software‘s for studying, designing, and creating all kinds of solutions through any phase of a project in order to execute the job in a safely and timed manner and provide the client with:
Constructability plan including any holdup required. Transportation Plans. Method statements and risk assessment plans. 3D / detailed lifting plans. Ground preparation requirement as per proposed cranes.
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CCC records in Heavy Lifts ROP Project – K.S.A The Heaviest Lift Installation of 2 nos. Rectifiers 1,803T [73.99mtr length x 10.28mtr dia.] and 1,748T [72.2mtr length x 10.28mtr dia.] respectively utilizing MSG-80 as main crane and LR1800 as tail crane.
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CCC records in Heavy Lifts QGX PROJECT – QATAR The Highest Flare Stack Erected 200mtr high Derrick Flare Stack 28-FL8401 using Demag CC8800.
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Cranes
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Contents 1. Introduction 2. International Standards and UAE Regulatory Compliance 3. Crane Accidents 4. Crane Types & Terminology 5. Crane Inspection and Importance 6. Mobile Crane Examination 7. Safe Operating Practices for Mobile Cranes 8. Conclusion
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Introduction • To ensure protection of Environment, Health & Safety in the Construction sectors of United Arab Emirates and other countries in Middle East Region where Statutory examinations / Inspection of Mobile Cranes are carried out. “Lifting operations are inherently hazardous and require systematic management to avoid harm to people or damage to properties”. “Ensuring safe lifting operations with mobile cranes”.
“Any violation or gross negligence resulting in an injury to people or ending up in a fatal accident is a serious offence under the international rules and regulations”. “Since the greatest cost of a failure is the victim and their family”. Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Aim & Objective • To identify the hazards with regard to mobile cranes, their operations and general requirement for the safe use of cranes in accordance to international standards • To understand the basics of mobile crane, inspection, maintenance and pre-lift considerations. • To enhance the knowledge of inspection personnel through awareness and exchange of experience, to follow the best practice thus promoting a safety culture ultimately benefitting construction industry.
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Our Goal • ‘’ZERO FATALITIES’’ • To achieve ‘’ZERO LOST TIME ACCIDENTS’’ • To minimize ‘’ALL DAMAGE TO PROPERTY’’ • To minimize ‘’DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT’’ AT ALL LOCATIONS • To promote AN ‘’ACCIDENT AND INJURY FREE’’ CULTURE
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Compliance to International Standards & Legislations 1. 2. 3. 4.
BS 7121 DIN 15008 ASME B30.5 OSHA Construction Industry Standards (29CFR PART1926) 5. ESMA (U.A.E.)
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Compliance to U.A.E. Legislations, Mandatory System requirement, Regulatory Instruments & Guidelines 1. UAE Ministerial Order No. (32) 1982 2. Abu Dhabi Emirate Environment, Health and Safety Management System, Abu Dhabi EHSMS Regulatory Framework, EHS Regulatory Instrument, Code of Practice, EHS RI –CoP 34.0 – Safe Use of Lifting Equipment and Lifting Accessories, Version 2.0, February 2012.
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Compliance to U.A.E. Legislations & Standards U.A.E. Federal Accreditation Bodies: 1. ENAS = Emirates National Accreditation System, Department of Municipal Affairs, Abu Dhabi City Municipality - Emirates Authority for Standardization & Metrology Authority, ESMA 2. DAC = Dubai Accreditation Department – Dubai Municipality.
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Role of Inspection personnel Competent Inspector / Examiner: a) A person appointed by the owner as required by the regulations to ensure that the test and examination is carried out. b) By reasons of his qualifications, training and experience, he is competent to carry out the test and examination;
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Inspection personnel Category 1 - Engineer: a) B.Sc. Degree in Mechanical, Electrical or relevant engineering discipline from an institute of learning recognized by the relevant regulatory authority. b) Undergone appropriate training through a recognized training authority. c) Having minimum 3 years of working experience in inspection of lifting equipment.
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Inspection personnel Category 2 – Engineering Technician: a) Diploma in Mechanical, Electrical or relevant engineering discipline from an institute of learning recognized by the relevant regulatory authority. b) Undergone appropriate training through a recognized training authority. c) Having minimum 5 years of working experience in the relevant engineering discipline at least 3 years of which must be related to lifting equipment.
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Inspection personnel Category 3 – Others:
Personal with no formal education but with long experience in the field of inspections related to lifting equipment, subject to assessment of their competence by authorities.
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Responsibilities of supervisory personnel Safety of Operation
Proceed
Lift is unsafe
Confirm safe condition
Report concerned to all associated
Correct Hazards
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Safe operating practices for Mobile Cranes Cranes have the potential for accidents if safe operating practices are not followed. Safety is everyone’s concern and responsibility. It includes… 1. Operator’s responsibility 2. Signal man’s responsibility 3. Crew member’s responsibility 4. Management’s responsibility
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Basic awareness 1. The characteristics, function & limitation of the model of the crane.
2. Information on the operating manual, load charts, all notes & warnings. 3. To determine the crane actual net capacity in every possible configuration. 4. Inspection & maintenance procedures to be followed in accordance with guidelines of manufacturer. 5. All the site conditions that may affect the safe operation of the crane including the presence of overhead power lines. Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Additional guidelines Crane log book forms an effective tool in communicating the health of the equipment. Log book reflects all inspection, maintenance and other work done on the crane at site. Check whether site is properly prepared for crane operation. Review work plan and requirement with site personnel.
Find out the load and rigging weight and where the load is to be placed. Check the number of parts of hoist line required is adequate or not. Understand communication signals. Ensure crane is operated in a smooth, controlled and safe manner. Selection of the crane should always be based on the capacity, cost and adaptability to the site. Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Typical Construction site
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Typical Construction site
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Power Generation
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Gas Turbine Generators
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Utilities
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WONDER !!!! HOW YOU CAN AVOID !!! “We operate the way we train “
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WONDER !!!! HOW YOU CAN AVOID !!!
‘’ You don’t know what you don’t know until you find out you didn’t know it’’ Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane Accident
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Crane – The Bird • Common name for a family of birds • Having long legs and long necks • Notable for their elaborate courtship dances
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Crane - The Machine • It is an equipment designed to lift both vertically and horizontally , transport and position / land a load • Capacity ranges from few ton to several hundred tonnes • Motive power : Diesel/ Hydraulic / Electrical
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Principles of Operation 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Center Of Gravity Stability vs Instability Effects of location of tipping axis on stability & capacity Forward stability Backward stability Structure failure Wire rope safety factors Effects of overloading
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The Lever and Fulcrum
All cranes use levers and fulcrums Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Cranes and Behaviour
Don’t treat lifts casually Think and plan ahead Appoint one supervisor Standardize signals – given only by the supervisor Principles – right crane for the job – test certificates in date – safe load indicator working – competent operator – all hazards visible to operator
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Safe Working Load (SWL) A calculated, design approved and certified maximum load, normally specified in Kilograms (kgs) or Tons, up to which, an item of “Lifting Equipment” is safe to operate.
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Working Load Limit (WLL) The maximum load an item of “Lifting Equipment” is designed to raise, lower or suspend (determined by the manufacturer based on the properties of the equipment).
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Center of Gravity STABLE
Hook is directly above Center of Gravity.
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The center of gravity of an object is that point at which the object will balance. the entire weight may be considered as concentrated at this point. Any suspended object (load) will center itself directly under the hook.
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Crane Selection The selection of the right crane for the lift, is determined by the factors listed below: 1. Length of crane boom required. 2. The maximum working radius of the crane. 3. Total load weight including the weight of the crane hook block and lifting tackle. 4. Levelness and compaction of the area where the crane is to be set up. 5. Availability of clearance for all swinging movement of the crane and the load. 6. Areas where the crane boom or load can be obstructed.
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Crane Functions Telescope In & Out
Raise & Lower
Slew Left & Right Boom (Jib) Up & Down
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Basic types & Configuration Rough Terrain (RT)
Truck Mounted (TM)
Crawler ( CC )
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All Terrain (AT)
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Rough Terrain Cranes
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Rough Terrain Cranes • Suitable for off road applications in construction and industrial projects • Single cab construction • Good off road manoeuvrability in secondary roads • To be transported by means of trailers • Can not travel at highway speeds
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All Terrain Cranes
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All Terrain Cranes
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All Terrain Cranes • Ideal for both on road and off road applications in construction and industrial projects • Double cab construction on purpose built chassis frame • Capable of travelling on both primary and secondary roads with good off road manoeuvrability • Self deployable • Can travel at highway speeds Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Truck Mounted Cranes
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Truck Mounted Cranes • Ideal for on road applications in construction and industrial projects • Double cab construction built on truck chassis frame (for crane service ) • High capacity booms • Quick mobility and faster set up • Can travel at highway speeds Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Crawler Cranes
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Crawler Cranes • Suitable for off road applications in construction
and industrial projects • Adjustable configurations • Ability to traverse with a load ( crawl ) if needed • Traverse at slow speed only
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Crawler Mounted Telescopic Cranes
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Heavy Lift Mobile Cranes
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Industrial Cranes
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Boom Trucks
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Pick and Carry Cranes
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Pick and Carry Cranes • All terrain general purpose cranes • No stabiliser required • Speedy traverse • Exceptional maneuverability in tight spaces • Normally flame proofed for use in mining industries
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Cranes availability in Middle East region 1.
Industrial Cranes with telescopic boom.
2.
Rough terrain with telescopic boom.
3.
All terrain with telescopic boom.
4.
Truck mounted with telescopic boom.
5.
Crawler Lattice boom – Mechanical.
6.
Crawler Lattice boom – Hydraulic.
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Crane Manufacturers
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Identification of crane parts
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Identification of crane parts
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Crane components CAB
Boom Hoist drum Fuel tank Pump Engine
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Identification of crane parts
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Identification of crane parts 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Main Boom Luffing Cylinder Hoist Gear 1 Crane Operator’s Cab Crane Chassis Counterweight Hook Block and/or Hook Suspension Gear
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Identification of crane parts
1. 2. 3.
Diesel Engine Hydraulic Pumps Hydraulic Oil Tank
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Identification of crane parts
4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
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Main Electrical Unit, Cab Superstructure frame Hydraulic control block Diesel tank Batteries Slew gear Roller bearing slewing rim
Types of Inspections 1.
Preventive
2.
Predictive
3.
Fluid analysis – hydraulic, engine & gear
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Types of Inspections - Frequency
Annual Semi-Annual Monthly Weekly Daily
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Monthly Safety Inspection of Cranes PROJECT:
INSPECTION REPORT
MONTHLY SAFETY INSPECTION OF CRANES THE FOLLOWING CRANES HAVE BEEN INSPECTED FROM THE SAFETY STANDPOINT, WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO ALL WIRE ROPES, SHEAVES & ROLLERS, BOOM SECTIONS, HOOK BLOCK AND BRAKES; RESULT OF INSPECTION AND ACTION TAKEN ARE SUMMARISED BELOW PLANT NUMBER & DESCRIPTION
DATE INSPECTED
RESULT OF INSPECTION AND LIST OF DEFECTS NOTED
REMARKS:
MONTH:
PAGE ______ OF ______
ACTION TAKEN TO RECTIFY DEFECTS
SIGNED(PROJECT PLANT ENGINEER) _________________________________ DATE: ___________________________
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Monthly Safety Inspection of Cranes PAGE........ REFERENCE
INSPECTION REPORT
OF
CRANE’S CRITICAL ITEMS FROM: Project Plant Engineer TO:
.......... DATE
PREPARED BY
DATE:.................................
Group Plant Manager - M.O.A.
FOLLOWING CRANES WERE CHECKED: PLANT NO.
DESCRIPTION
DATE OF INSP.
LMI
X
O
SHEAVES & ROLLERS
WIRE ROPES
*
X
O
*
X
O
*
BOOMS (INC. STOP & LACING
X
O
*
HOOK BLOCK
X
O
BRAKES
*
X
O
*
CONDITION: = Satisfactory, X = Repair, O = Replace, * = Work Done
Wire Ropes item to cover; main lifting rope, auxiliary lifting rope, third drum rope, boom hoist rope, pendant ropes & T.C. Trolley. Also Boom item to cover Mast Sections. Brakes item to include Swing brakes.
IN NO WAY CHECKING OF THE ABOVE MENTIONED CRITICAL ITEMS ON MONTHLY BASIS EXCLUDE THE DAILY WALK AROUND CHECKING
REMARKS: __________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _________________________________ Project Plant Engineer
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Monthly Safety Inspection of Cranes PLANT NO. MANUFACTURERS SERIAL NO.
INSPECTION REPORT HYDRAULIC CRANES
MAKE AND MODEL OF EQUIPMENT MAIN BOOM LENGTH /HOOK BLOCK / FALLS
CONDITION REF
PROJECT
INSPECTED BY
DATE OF INSPECTION FLY JIB LENGTH / HOOK BLOCK / FALLS
( = SATISFACTORY / X = REPAIR / O = REPLACE) COMPONENT O X REF
= WORK DONE COMPONENT
1
UNDERFRAME / CHASSIS
21
OUTRIGGERS
2
ENGINE CARRIER
22
BOOM CONDITION & OPERATION
3
ENGINE SUPERSTRUCTURE
23
A-FRAME, SHEAVES & PINS
4
COOLING SYSTEM(S)
24
FLYJIB /
5
AIR INTAKE/EXHAUST SYSTEMS
25
HOOK BLOCKS
6
FUEL SYSTEM
26
HOIST DRUMS & MOTORS
7
TRANSMISSION AXLES /DIFFERENTIALS / FINAL DRIVE DRIVE SHAFTS/ PROPSHAFTS
27
ALL HOIST & WINCH CABLES
28
LMI SETTING & OPERATION
29
LMI LIMIT SWITCHES
10
SUSPENSION
30
A2B SWITCHES
11
AXLE LOCKOUTS
31
LOAD CHARTS IN CRANE
12
ROAD BRAKES
32
GREEN TAG
13
STEERING (FRONT & REAR)
33
EMERGENCY STOP CONTROL
14
UPPER FRAME / SUPERSTRUCTURE
34
15
CAB / GAUGES / CONTROLS
35
16
36 37
STATUS LIGHTS
18
GENERAL ELECTRIC SYSTEM ENGINE SAFETY / SHUT DOWN SYSTEM HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
EXTERNAL AUDIBLE ALARM SLING FOR HOOK BLOCK STOWAGE CONDITION OF CRANE LEVEL
38
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
19
PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
39
CLEANLINESS & CONDITION
20
SWING & SWIVEL SYSTEM
40
ANY OTHER OBSERVATIONS
8 9
17
UNDERCARRIAGE / TYRES CONDITION REF
HOURS UW
LUFFER
LUBRICATION & STANDARD OF MAINTENANCE
DEFECTS FOUND
KMS
HOURS OW PROJECT PLANT ENGINEER’S INSTRUCTION
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REF
PERCENT CONDITION PREREPAIR
POSTREPAIR
DEFECTS FOUND
DATE REPAIRS COMPLETED
GPM / FIELD SERVICES’ USE
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X
O
Inspection requirement 1.
Visual examination
2.
Dimensional examination
3.
Functional/operational test, Overload test
4.
Open-up examination
5.
Electrical test and examination
6.
Non-destructive test
7.
Inspection methods and procedures
8.
Check list
9.
Reporting
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Crane Inspection 1.
Upper machinery structure
2.
Lower machinery structure
3.
Operating controls
4.
Attachments
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Upper machinery structure
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Lower Structure Crawler shoe
Swing bearing
Carbody weight
Swivel joint Carbody
Adjustment link
Crawler cylinder Upper roller
Idler roller
Shoe guide
Crawler frame
Propel motor & Propel reduction unit
Lower roller
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Lower machinery structure
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Crane components critical items for inspection 1.
Wire ropes – hoist, boom & pendants
2.
Sheaves and rollers
3.
Boom sections and lacings
4.
Hook blocks
5.
Load moment indicators
6.
Brakes
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Crane components – Wire Ropes
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Crane components – Winch drive & lubrication
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Crane components – Hydraulics / Filters
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NDT-Non-destructive testing a) Whenever, the need for NDT examination is
identified, the inspection personnel has to ensure conductance of examination through review of the NDT reports and records. b) NDT shall be carried out by level II inspector
using one or more of the following NDT methods as deemed necessary.
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NDT-Non-destructive testing methods a) Radiographic testing b) Ultrasonic testing c) Magnetic particle testing d) Liquid penetrant testing
e) Eddy current testing
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Crane Assembly - Reeving Mechanical Advantage
Wrong
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Correct
Crane Assembly – Reeving Mechanical Advantage
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Crane assembly – Rope terminations Wedge Sockets
Right Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
Wrong 96
Crane Assembly – Rope Terminations
WRONG
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Crane Assembly - Hooks
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Crane Assembly - Hooks Always ensure that the hook has got a Safety Latch
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Swivel Hooks with Safety Latches These allow the load to be moved round without twisting and possibly endangering slings, wire ropes and chains. The safety latch ensures that the rope or chain does not slip off the hook. Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Crane Assembly - Sheaves
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Crane Assembly – Sheaves Sheave Groove Profile Wrong
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Wrong
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Safety devices
Boom over hoist L/S (Final stop)
Hook over hoist L/S
Load detector Aux.
Main
Boom angle sensor
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Crane Safety devices - Anti Two Blocks
Two Block Cutout
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Safety Devices High Level Cut - Out: • Designed to prevent the Hook Block Assembly coming into contact with the Jib Head (ATB) Low level Cut - Out: • Normally sensed from the Winch. Stops the Winch with a Minimum of 3 Wraps (turns) of Wire remaining on the Winch Drum
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Safety Devices
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MANUFACTURER MAXIMUM ALLOWED WIND SPEED TEREX DEMAG AC350
UP TO 20 BOOM
15.0 M/SEC
20 - 35 BOOM
12.5 M/SEC
ABOVE 35 M BOOM
9.8 M/SEC
GROVE RT 500 SERIES UP TO 8.8 M/SEC
NO RESTRICTION
UP TO 13.3 M/SEC
USE MINIMUM BOOM LENGTH GROVE RT 700 SERIES
MIN BOOM
MAX BOOM
LIEBHER LTM 1030
14.3 M/SEC MIN BOOM 9 M/SEC MAX BOOM
LIEBHER LTM 1055
14.3 M/SEC MIN BOOM 9 M/SEC MAX BOOM
LIEBHER LTM 1100
14.3 M/SEC MIN BOOM 9 M/SEC MAX BOOM
LIEBHER LTM 1200
14.3 M/SEC MIN BOOM 9 M/SEC MAX BOOM
XUZHOU QAY 25
MAX 12.4 M/SEC
UP TO 8.8 M/SEC
NO RESTRICTION
UP TO 13.3 M/SEC
USE MINIMUM BOOM LENGTH
XUZHOU QAY 100
MAX 10.8 M/SEC
HITACHI SCX 1200
10 M/SEC
XUZHOU QAY 50
MAX 10.8 M/SEC
HITACHI SCX 700
10 M/SEC
SENEBORGEN 630M
MAX 15 M/SEC
KOBELCO CKE 1350
10 M/SEC
SENEBORGEN 583M
MAX 14 M/SEC
KOBELCO CKE 1800
10 M/SEC
TADANO GR 300 EX
MAX 10 M/SEC
KOBELCO CKE 600
10 M/SEC
TADANO TR 500 EX
MAX 10 M/SEC
TEREX DEMAG AC100
MAX 9.8 M/SEC
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Crane Maintenance - Inspection failures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Manufacturer recommendation Replacement standards Maintenance standards Lubrication Fuel Inspection schedule Genuine spare parts Inspection procedure Repair procedure Welding procedure Treatment of industrial discharges Weather conditions
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Load Charts
Ensure Handbook and Chart are Ensure Handbook and Chart are with Crane with Crane Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Load Charts •Basic Terms and Conditions
Boom Length and Angle Load Radius Range Diagram Value of Boom Angle, Boom Length
• Determining Main Boom Capacities
• Determining Main Boom Capacities with Jibs or Boom Extensions
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Crane capacities are dependent on 2 Factors
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The distance from the center of rotation to the center of the load or hoist line
Radius Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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The distance from the center pivot of the boom base to the top boom nose sheave
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The angle in degrees between the boom base section and horizontal
Boom Angle
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Load Charts
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Load Charts
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LOAD WEIGHT Do not exceed the crane rated capacity
Take the weight of the Hook block and lifting Tackles into consideration.
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Load Moment Indicators
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Safe Load Indicators
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Crane Set-Up The machine: When travelling, the boom should be fully retracted, lowered & stowed in its travelling position. (Boom angle between 00 - 300)
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Crane Set-Up
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Crane Set Up
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Crane Set Up • Blocking / Cribbing
Method 1: Area of Float (Outrigger Pad) M² x 3 = Blocking Area M² Method 2: Capacity of Crane (in Tonne)/50 = Blocking Area M²
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Crane Set Up Do not set up too close to trenches etc., as the machine vibration can cause the walls to collapse.
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Crane Set Up
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Levelling the Crane
Check that Cranes are Level Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Failure to Level the Crane is a Common Accident Cause What can happen when you swing over the side!
Just a little side tilt when lifting a load over the rear can become dangerous when swung over the side.
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Load radius increases swung over the side.
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when
Levelling the Crane Possible cap. loss due to crane being out of level Capacity Lost When out of Level
Boom Length and Radius 1°
2°
3°
Short Boom, Minimum Radius
20 %
20 %
30 %
Short Boom, Maximum Radius
8%
15 %
20 %
Long Boom, Minimum Radius
30 %
41 %
50 %
Long Boom, Maximum radius
5%
10 %
15 %
Accurate Calculations are available from the specific, applicable Crane Manufacturers
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Levelling the Crane
Crane Mats Consolidated Contractors Company (www.ccc.gr)
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Hand Signals
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The principal The principalfailures failuresofofcranes cranes Overturning
Caused by weak support, operating outside the crane’s capabilities, by striking obstructions or strong winds
Overloading
By exceeding the operating capacity or operating radii or by failure of safety devices
Collision
With other cranes, overhead cables or structures;
Support failure
Can occur due to placing of crane over cellars and drains outriggers not extended, made-up or not solid ground or failure of structural components of the crane
Operator errors
Errors from impaired or restricted visibility, poor eyesight, inadequate training
Loss of load
From failure of lifting equipment, lifting accessories or slinging procedure
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Unsafe Operating Condition
Poor ground conditions are a factor in many accidents
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Unsafe Operating Condition
Many Crane Accidents are Caused by Poor Blocking Under Floats
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Unsafe operating condition
WRONG
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Unsafe operating condition Tinted Glass
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Unsafe operating condition
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Unsafe Operating Condition
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Failures will result in
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Comparison of benefits Crane - Simulators
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