MLA Style: In-Text Citation and Works Cited Page

Documentation and MLA Reasons for Documenting: • Allows readers to find out more about origins of the ideas you present • Protects you from charges of plagiarism Two Types of Documentation in MLA Style: • In-Text Citations • Works Cited

Basics of In-Text Citation • Author’s name, including first name the first time name mentioned, in text of your essay • Note page number in parentheses—without pg. or p—at end of citation; final punctuation comes after final parenthesis – If using block quotation, final punctuation comes before the information in parentheses

• If including author’s name in text of your essay is awkward, then put only the last name in the parentheses before the page number: –

(Lowe 79).

In text citation Author’s name

Page number

• Last name only • Add initial if multiple cited authors by same last name.

• No pg, p, etc

( Lowe 79 ). Final punctuation Parentheses

• as required by sentence • in block quote, complete punctuation of quote before the in-text citation.

Additional Aspects of In-Text Citation • Last name of author is enough for reader to reference in Work Cited • Page number makes it easy to find original quotation • If two authors have same last name, include first name or, if in parentheses, initial: – (J. Lowe 79).

• If more than one work by same author, specify which work in essay with an abbreviation of the title, or, if in parentheses, put comma after last name and before title and use abbreviation of title: – (Mayers, “A Bad Man” 79).

In Text Citation – Multiple Authors with Same Last Name

(J. Lowe 79 ). Author’s name • Add first initial if multiple cited authors by same last name.

In Text Citation – More than One Work per Author Name of work •After author’s name •Follow rules in works cited page: • In quotes if it’s an article • Italics if it’s a book •Can be abbreivated •Preceded by comma and space

( Mayers , “A Bad Man” 79 ).

Additional Aspects of In-Text Citation • Web sources usually don’t have page numbers, so just give author’s name – MLA prefers author’s name in text instead of in parentheses – If no author, mention title in text

• Poems: if quote all or part of 2 or 3 lines of poetry, put in quotation marks and separate lines using a slash / with a space on each side. In parentheses put line numbers (7-9). • Plays: give the act, scene and line numbers when the work has them, page numbers when it doesn’t.

Additional Aspects of In-Text Citation • If two or more sources support a single point, separate them with a semicolon: –

(Jones 8; Smith 7).

• Work quoted in another source, put “qtd. in” before the information about the indirect source: – (qtd. in Bauman 9).

• Mention direct source of quotation in signal phrase: According to Thomas Jefferson, “‘…’”

Work Quoted in Another Source

(qtd. in Lowe 79 ). put “qtd. in” before the information about the indirect source.

Basics of Works Cited Page • On a separate page at the end of your essay, include the Works Cited page • Header: last name and page number. Page number should follow the last page number of body of your paper • Center and in regular type/font: Works Cited • Double space throughout • No extra spaces between title and entries or between entries! • No numbers for entries!

More Basics of Works Cited

• Use “hanging indentation”

– First line of citation is flush left – Indent all subsequent lines for that citation one-half inch

• Alphabetize by author’s last name or, if no author, by title – “The” and “A” don’t count

• If you cite more than one source by same author, the individual works are alphabetized by title; author’s full name is given only for the first citation in the Works Cited, after which it is replaced by three hyphens: Curie, Marie. “The Portrait.” ---. “The Reversal Performed, Not Rehearsed.” • The rest of the citation is as it would have been for that source

More Basics of Works Cited Page • • • •

Only include sources cited in your text Don’t leave out any sources cited in your text! Include primary and secondary sources If any information called for is unavailable for a particular source, skip that element and keep the rest of the entry as close as possible to the given format

Sears 18 Works Cited Abrams, Mark. “All’s Not Well.” Theatre Journal 11.2 (2007): 48997. Print. Collier, Judith, and Francine Prose. The Outsider within: Othello and the Military Code. Ed. Leslie Knox. Austin: U of Texas P, 2009. Print. Glass, Meredith. “Rogue Performers.” PMLA 12.3 (2008): 245-49. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. ---. “William Shakespeare.” The Shakespeare Project: Biography. Shakespeare Project, 21 Mar. 1999. Web. 30 Oct. 2009. “Iago’s Motivation.” Notes on Othello. Theater Teacher’s Resource, 2006. Web. 28 Oct. 2009. Othello. Dir. Oliver Parker. Perf. Lawrence Fishburne, Kenneth Branagh, and Irène Jacob. Castle Rock, 1995. DVD. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Ed. John Schilb and John Clifford. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2009. 706-793. Print.

Citing a Book (skip any material not available) 1. Name of the author(s) (or editor, if no author is listed), last name first, followed by period 2. Full Title, italicized, followed by period; if subtitle, put colon between title and subtitle 3. Name(s) of the editor(s) if the book has both an author and an editor, following the abbreviation, Ed., followed by period 4. Name(s) of translator or compiler, following abbreviation Trans. or Comp. as appropriate, followed by period 5. The edition, if other than the first—3rd ed.—followed by period 6. Volume(s) used, if the book is part of a multivolume set—Vol. 8.—followed by period 7. City of publication (followed by a colon), name of the publisher (comma), and year, followed by period 8. Medium of publication: Print, followed by period 9. Name of any series to which the book belongs, followed by period

Works Cited : Book Authors: Last1, First1, and First2 Last2

Book Title in Italics

Semicolon between title and subtitle

Collier, Judith, and Francine Prose. The Outsider within: Othello and the Military Code. Ed. Leslie Knox. Austin: U of Texas P , 2009. Print. Editor: If there is one

Year Note comma

City: Publisher: •Start with city (no state) •Shorthand: U = University P = Press

Hanging indentation

As opposed to Web.

More on Citing Books • If you have a book with multiple authors or editors, list all names, but only the first name is given last name first and rest in normal order; put comma after first author’s name • If there are four or more authors or editors, give only first full name listed on title page, followed by a comma and et al. (“and others”) • A book with a corporate author—group, government agency, or organization listed as its author—treat as single author: National Society of Photographic Educators

Citing a Work in an Anthology 1. Name of the author(s) of the article/literary work, followed by period 2. Title of the shorter work, enclosed in quotation marks (unless longer work—full play—italics), followed by period 3. Title of the anthology in italics followed by a period 4. Names(s) of editors of collection or anthology, followed by period 5. Relevant publication information as in book citation, followed by period 6. Inclusive page numbers for shorter work, followed by period 7. Medium of Publication: Print, followed by period

Cross-References from Same Anthology • If cite several articles or texts from same collection or anthology, cross-reference them • Write a single general entry that provides full publication information for whole collection • Also include entries for shorter works; only include author and title of shorter work, last names of editors, and page numbers of shorter work For example: Schilb, John, and John Clifford, eds. Making Literature Matter: An Anthology for Readers and Writers. 4th ed. Boston: Bedford / St. Martin’s, 2009. Print. Shakespeare, William. Othello. Schilb and Clifford 706793. ---. “Sonnet 116.” Schilb and Clifford 574.

Citing Articles in Periodicals 1. Name(s) of the author(s) of the article/short text, last name first followed by period 2. Title of the article/short text in quotations, followed by period: – “Theatre of the Obtuse.”

3. Title of the periodical italicized 4. All relevant publication information (see next slide) 5. Medium of publication: Print, followed by a period

Works Cited: Journal Article Author •Last, First •(same rule as book)

Period

Name of Publication Italics

Abrams, Mark. “All’s Not Well.” Theatre Journal 11.2 (2007): 489-97. Print. Volume.Issue Name of Article In quotes Year •Parentheses •semicolon

Pages •Note format

Hanging indentation

As opposed to Web.

Different Types of Periodicals • For a scholarly journal—volume number and issue number (sometimes only issue); year of publication in parentheses, followed by a colon, and the page numbers of the shorter work, followed by period: – PMLA 121.6 (2006): 1526-35. Print.

• For a magazine—month(s) of publication for monthly/bimonthly magazine OR date (day, abbreviated month, then year) for weekly/biweekly, followed by a colon, and page numbers, followed by period: – New Yorker 5 Nov. 2005: 65-73. Print.

• For a newspaper article—date (day, abbreviated month, year), edition if listed on the masthead, followed by colon and page numbers (including section number or letter, if applicable), followed by period: – New York Times 24 Mar. 2007, late ed.: A1+. Print.

Citing Library Databases 1. Print publication information—author’s name, title, publication information 2. Name of the database (italicized)—like Academic Search Premier, followed by period 3. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period 4. Date you accessed site (day, month abbreviated, and year), followed by period: – 30 Oct. 2010.

Journal Article in Web Database Same as print article. Period

Glass, Meredith. “Rogue Performers.” PMLA 12.3 (2008): 245-49. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Nov. 2009. Name of Database in italics

As opposed to “Print” Date accessed by you Hanging indentation

Citing the Internet: World Wide Web 1. Name of the author(s), last name first, followed by a period 2. Title of the section of the work accessed in quotation marks, followed by a period; if not titled, identify by label like Home page or Introduction, but not in quotation marks 3. Title of the full document or site italicized (if different than title of the work accessed), followed by a period 4. Publisher’s or sponsor’s name, followed by a comma; if neither available, use N.p. 5. Date of publication by day, month, and year if available, followed by a period; if date isn’t available, use n.d. 6. The medium of publication—Web, followed by a period 7. Date you accessed site (day, month abbreviated, and year), followed by a period –

30 Oct. 2010.

Citing Publication on Web with Print Publication Data 1. Name of author, followed by period 2. Print Publication Information (same format as usual) 3. Name of the Web site in italics, followed by period 4. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period 5. Date you accessed the site (day, month, year), followed by period

Article in Scholarly Journal Published Only on Web 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Name of author, followed by period Title of article, followed by period Name of journal in italics Volume and issue number (or just issue number) Year of publication in parentheses, followed by colon 6. Page numbers or n. pag., followed by period 7. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period 8. Date you accessed the site (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period

Article in Newspaper on Web 1. 2. 3. 4.

Name of author, followed by period Title of article, followed by a period Name of newspaper in italics, followed by period Publisher’s name (New York Times) or N.p., followed by comma 5. Date of publication (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period 6. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period 7. Date you accessed the site (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period

Article in Magazine on Web 1. Name of author, followed by period 2. Title of article, followed by period 3. Name of magazine in italics, followed by period 4. Publisher’s name or N.p., followed by comma 5. Date of publication (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period 6. Medium of publication—Web, followed by period 7. Date you accessed the site, followed by period

Personal Communication or Lecture Personal Communication: 1. Name of the person who gave you the information, followed by period 2. Type of communication (interview, letter, email), followed by period 3. Date of communication, followed by period Lecture, Public Talk, or Debate: 1. Name of lecturer/speaker, followed by period 2. Name of lecture or lecture series, followed by comma 3. Place, followed by comma 4. Date (day, month abbreviated, year), followed by period 5. Medium (lecture, debate, commencement address)

Multimedia Sources If Film or DVD: 1. Title in italics, followed by period 2. Director’s name beginning with Dir., followed by period 3. Optional—performers’ names, starting with Perf., followed by period 4. Distributor (Universal, Paramount), followed by comma 5. Year, followed by a period 6. Medium (Film or DVD), followed by period If TV or Radio Program: 1. Title of episode or segment in quotation marks, followed by period 2. Title of the program and series, if any, in italics, followed by period 3. Performers, narrators, directors or others who might be pertinent, followed by period 4. Name of network or call numbers and city for local station, followed by period 5. Broadcast date, followed by period 6. Medium (either Television or Radio), followed by period

Informational Notes • Use if a piece of information is interesting or useful but can’t be worked into body of essay without interrupting flow of ideas • Use a small superscript number in text to signal a note, which will be on a separate page at end of essay before Works Cited page • Be sure to include any sources mentioned in end notes in Works Cited page: End Notes 1 Several critics interpret this scene as revealing Iago’s suspicions about Emilia’s fidelity (Roberts 72; Bond 8991; Crowley 655-56).