Millwood High School Formats for Citations and Bibliographies APA Style

Prepared by Florence O’Neill, Teacher-librarian Updated May, 2005

FORMATS for CITATIONS and BIBLIOGRAPHIES APA Style

NOTE: Titles of books, magazines, newspapers, or main webpages may either be underlined or typed in italic print. Consistency is necessary, whichever you choose. If no date is given, APA recommends using the abbreviation n.d. ELECTRONIC SOURCES In-Text Citations World Wide Web Pages with Author (Author, Date)

Bibliography / Works Cited Page World Wide Web Pages with Author Author's name. (Date of publication or last update). Title of document. Title of Complete Work (if known). Date of retrieval. URL.

(Gunn, 2002) Gunn, Holly. (June 2002). Effective Internet searches. Information Technology in Education. Dec. 5, 2003. http://www.accesswave.ca/%7Ehgunn/. World Wide Web Pages without Author (Title, Date) (“Statement on Plagiarism”, n.d.)

World Wide Web Pages without Author Title of document. (Date). Title of Complete Work (if known). Date of retrieval. URL. A Statement on plagiarism. (n.d.). Capital Community College. February 10, 2004. http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/mla/plagiarism.shtml. To cite an entire Web site (but not a specific document on the site), simply give the site’s URL in the text. For example: The Media Awareness Network is an online resource useful to those concerned with information literacy for youth (http://www.media-awareness.ca/).

Online Book

Online Book

(Author, Date)

Author. (Date). Title. Date of retrieval, from URL.

(Bryant, 1999)

Bryant, P. (1999). Biodiversity and Conservation. Retrieved October 4, 1999, from darwin.bio.uci.edu/~sustain/bio65/Titlpage.htm

Magazine, Journal or Newspaper Articles On-Line

Magazine, Journal or Newspaper Articles Online

(Author, Date, para.) (Holden, 1999, May 17, para. 4)

Author. (Date Yr, M D). Title of article. Title of Magazine/Journal. Date of retrieval, from URL. Adler, J. (1999, May 17). Ghost of Everest. Newsweek. Retrieved May 19, 1999, from http://newsweek.com/nwsrv/issue/20_99a/printed/int/socu/so0120_1.htm

Encyclopedia Online (Britannica, etc.) (Cranston, 1997)

Encyclopedia Online (Britannica Online, etc. )

Email Messages

In APA Style, email messages are not normally included in the Bibliography/Works Cited page. Check with your teacher.

Author (if known). (Date). Title of article. Title of Encyclopedia. Date of retrieval. URL. Cranston, Maurice. (1997). Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Britannica Online. November 24, 1997. http://www.eb.com:180/cgi-in/g?DocF=macro/5005/58.html.

(Name, personal communication date) (Brian Burgin, personal communication, Nov. 18, 1998)

BOOKS In-Text Citations A Book by One Author (Author, Date) (Alvarez, 1970) (Alvarez, 1970, p.26)

A Book by Two Authors (Author & Author, Date)

Bibliography / Works Cited Page A Book by One Author Author. (Date). Title. Place of Pub.: Publisher. Alverez, A. (1970). The Savage God: A Study of Suicide. New York: Random House.

A Book by Two Authors Author, and Author. (Date). Title. Place of Pub.: Publisher.

(Natarajan & Chaturvedi, 1983)

Natarajan, R., and Chaturvedi, R. (1983). Geology of the Indian Ocean. Hartford, CT: University of Hartford Press.

A Book by Three - Five Authors

A Book by Three - Five Authors

(Author, Author & Author, Date) (Hesen, Carpenter & Milsop, 1983)

Author, Author, and Author. (Date). Title. Place of Pub.: Publisher. Hesen, J., Carpenter, K., and Milsop, A. (1983). Computers in the Business World. Hartford, CT: Capital Press.

Next citation: (First Author et al., Date) (Hesen et al., 1983) A Book by a Corporate or Group Author (Corporate Author, Date, p.) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1990, p. 45) Next citation: (APA, 1990, p. 79)

A Book by a Corporate or Group Author Author. (Date). Title of book. Place of Pub.: Publisher. aAmerican Psychiatric Association. (1990). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: APA.

A Book with an Editor

A Book with an Editor Editor's Name (Ed.). (Date). Title. Place of Pub.: Publisher.

(Editor, Date)

Stanton, D. C. (Ed.). (1987). The Female Autograph: Theory and Practice of Autobiography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

(Stanton, Ed., 1987)

Work in an Anthology or a Chapter

Work in an Anthology or a Chapter/Essay in a Book

/Essay in a Book

(Author, Date)

Author of Chapter/Essay. (Date). Chapter/Essay Title. In Editor(s), Title of Book (page numbers). Place of Pub: Publisher.

(Bjork, 1989)

Bjork, R. A. (1989). Retrieval inhibition as an adaptive mechanism in human memory. In H. L. Roediger III & F. I. M. Craik (Eds.), Varieties of memory & consciousness (pp. 309-330). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

ARTICLES In-Text Citations

Bibliography / Works Cited Page

Newspaper Articles (Signed)

Newspaper Articles (Signed)

(Author, Date)

Author. (Date). Title of article. Newspaper, Pages.

(Poirot, 1998)

Poirot, C. (1998, March 17). HIV prevention pill goes beyond morning after. Hartford Courant, pp. Fi-F2.

Newspaper Articles (Unsigned)

Newspaper Articles (Unsigned)

(“Shortened Title”, Date)

Title of Article. (Date). Title of Newspaper, Pages.

(“New Exam”, 1989)

New exam for doctor of future. (1989, March 15). The New York Times, B-10.

A Signed Article from a Magazine/Journal

A Signed Article from a Magazine/Journal Author. (Date: Yr, M D). Title of Article. Title of Magazine/Journal, pages.

(Author, Date) Heyman, Kate. (1997, June 15). Talk radio, talk net. Newsweek, 34-39. (Heyman, 1997) Government Report Online

Government Report Online

(National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 2002)

Name of Organization. (date). Title of Report (Pub. No.). Retrieval date, website: URL

Next citation: (NIMH, 2002)

National Institute of Mental Health. (2002). Breaking ground, breaking through: The strategic plan for mood disorders research of the National Institute of Mental Health (Publication No. 0507-B-05). Retrieved January 19, 2003, from NIMH Web site: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS20906

Article from an Encyclopedia

Article from an Encyclopedia

(Author, Date) or (“Title”, Date)

Author (if given). (Date). Title of article. Title of Encyclopedia, pages. Place of Publication: Publisher.

(Wendell, 1999) Richmond, G. Wendell. (1999). Immune system. World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago:

World Book, Inc.

OTHER SOURCES In-Text Citations

Bibliography / Works Cited Page

Work of Art

Work of Art

(Artist, Date)

Artist. (Date). Title of work. [Format]. Place: Institution.

(Van Gogh, 1888)

Van Gogh, Vincent (Artist). (1888). Entrance to the public gardens in Arles [Painting]. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Photograph of Work of Art (Artist, Date) (Cassatt, 1890)

Photograph of Work of Art Name of artist. (Date). Name of work. [Format]. Where displayed. Title of Book. Author. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date. Slide/illustration number. Cassatt, Mary (Artist). (1890). Mother and child [Painting]. Witchita Art Museum, Wichita. American Painting: 1560–1913. By John Pearce. New York: McGraw, 1964. Slide 22.

Film

Film

(Name, Date)

Name. (Role). (Date). Title of Film. [Format]. Studio.

(Redford, 1980)

Redford, R. (Director). (1980). Ordinary People [Film]. Paramount.

(Weir & Harrison, 1992)

Weir, P.B. (Producer), & Harrison, B.F. (Director). (1992). Levels of Consciousness [Videotape]. Boston, MA: Filmways.

Musical Recordings

Musical Recordings

(Name, Date)

Name. (Type of performer). (Date). Title of piece. Title of Complete Work [Format]. Place: Publisher.

(Barber, 1995) Barber, S. (Artist). (1995). Cello sonata. On Barber [CD]. New York: EMI Records Ltd. (Simon, 1991) (McFerrin, 1990)

Simon, Paul (Vocalist). (1991). "Me and Julio down by the school yard." Concert in the Park. [CD]. Warner Bros. McFerrin, Bobby (Vocalist). (1990). Medicine music [Cassette Recording]. Hollywood, CA: EMI-USA.

Other Graphics

Other Graphics (Online)

(Name, Date)

Name. (Date). Title of Work. Retrieval Date. URL.

(Davis, 2003)

Davis, Jim. (2003). GARFIELD Comic Strips. Dec. 12, 2003. www.garfield.com/comics/wideworld/wordstolive.html.

Secondary Sources If you use a source that was cited (quoted) in another source (secondary source), name the original source in your signal phrase (see examples below). List the secondary source in your bibliography and include it in your in-text citation, preceded by the words "as cited in".

Secondary Sources

Secondary Sources

Example: From an Article in a Newspaper

Example: From an Article in a Newspaper Author. (Date). Title of Work. Title of Source, page number.

(as cited in Author, Date, page #) (as cited in Booth, 1990, p. A3)

Booth, W. (1990, October 29). Monkeying with language: Is chimp using words or merely aping handlers? The Washington Post, p. A3. Example: From a Book

Example: From a Book Author. (Date). Title. Place of Publication: Publisher. (as cited in Author, Date) (as cited in O’Connor, 2003)

O’Connor, C. O. (2003). Whatever happened to the humanities? Hartford: Merganser University press.

Example 1: From an article in a newspaper or magazine. (Signal Phrase) Linguist Noam Chomsky has dismissed the studies on Kanzi with a flippant analogy: "To maintain that Kanzi has language Booth is the secondary source.

ability is like saying a man can fly because he can jump in the air" (as cited in Booth, 1990, p. A3). Example 2: From a Book.

O’Connor is the secondary source.

(Signal Phrase) As Villa points out, “Perhaps the conflict seems so strong because the stakes are so low” (as cited in O’Connor, 2003).

Bibliography American Psychological Association. (2002). Citation Guide - APA. Concordia University Libraries. Dec. 19, 2003. http://juno.concordia.ca/faqs/apa.pdf. American Psychological Association. (2003). APA style.org. American Psychological Association Online. Feb. 18, 2004. http://www.apastyle.org/elecref.html. Bibliography style handbook (APA). (n.d.). University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Feb. 18, 2004. http://www.english.uiuc.edu/cws/wworkshop/bibliography_style_handbookapa .htm Darling, Charles. (Jan. 2000). A guide for writing research papers based on styles recommended by The American Psychological Association. Capital Community College. Dec. 17, 2003. http://www.ccc.commnet.edu/apa/apa_index.htm. Dewey, Russ. (Jan. 2003). APA research style crib sheet. Dec. 17, 2003. http://www.docstyles.com/apacrib.htm#Examples. Hacker, Diana. (n.d.). Social sciences: Documenting sources. Research and Documentation Online. Feb. 18, 2004. http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/social_sciences/intext.html. Harnack, A. , & Kleppinger, E. (2003). Using principles of APA style to cite and document sources. Online! A reference guide for using internet sources. Dec. 17, 2003. http://www.bedfordstmartins.com/online/cite6.html.

Sample Bibliography (APA Style)

Alcock, James E. (2004). Extrasensory perception. World Book Online Reference Center. Feb. 24, 2004. http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar18 9220. Delgado, Pat, and Andrews, Colin. (1990). Crop Circles: The Last Evidence. London: Bloomsbury. Harris, Melvin. (1986). Investigating the Unexplained. Buffalo: Prometheus Books. Holden, Constance. (1990, Apr. 12). Irrationality - skeptics strike back. Science Digest. Jan. 21, 2004. http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?an=0303110151 &db=rch. Kim, Nick D. (n.d.). Bacchanalia Comic Strip. Feb. 25, 2004. www.min.uniheidelberg.de/mkoch/Bilder/UFO.jpg The Near-death experience. (2002). The International Association for Near-Death Studies. Jan. 21, 2004. http://www.iands.org/nde.html. Occultism. (1999). World Book Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc. Present day phenomena. (1999). Paranormal Phenonema and the Christian Alliance Church. March 12, 2003. http://www.autobahn.mb.ca/~ggilbey/para6.html.