Modeling bike paths Following parameters Overtaking parameters Behavior at narrowing sections Behavior at bus stops
Modeling cyclists in intersections • Behavior in waiting zones • Behavior at stop lines • Behavior at right turns 6
Micro simulation of cyclists Velo City 2013
General method •Traffic counts •Speed counts (even path, up hill, down hill, normal bikes, carrier bikes, electrical bikes) •Video material •Visual inspection •Literature Analysis of video material
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Micro simulation of cyclists Velo City 2013
Test in VISSIM
Comparing to video
Validation in regard to traffic volumes
General method •More complex than initially assumed •Many different behavioral patterns along a bike path
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Micro simulation of cyclists Velo City 2013
Example – Following and overtaking •Detailed understanding of the model
Parameter
Description
Expectation to the calibration
CC0
The distance between two vehicles at full stop.
Less, as cyclists keep closer together than cars in a queue.
CC1
Time distance between two moving vehicles.
Less, as two moving cyclists keep closer together than cars.
CC2
Variation in the distance between two successive vehicles
Less, as cyclists are more independent and behave more individually than drivers
CC3
The limit for when following parameters come into play
Less, as cyclists are more independent and behave more individually than drivers
CC4
Controls the negative speed variations between two successive vehicles
Less, as cyclists are less willing to (less obliged to) adjust their speed than drivers
CC5
Controls the positive speed variations between two successive vehicles
Less, as cyclists are less willing to (less obliged to) adjust their speed than drivers
CC6
The dependence in speed of variations in distance to the preceding vehicle
Less, as cyclists are less willing to (less obliged to) adjust their speed than drivers
CC7
Acceleration in responce to variations in distance to the preceding vehicle
Less, as bicycles don't accelerate as fast as cars
CC8
Desired acceleration from 0 km/h
Less, as bicycles don't accelerate as fast as cars
CC9
Desired acceleration at 80 km/h
Much smaller. A linear acceleration to 80 km/h is used in the computations
•Best guess for parameter settings •The starting point for the project was looking at CC0 and CC1 •Ended up adjusting CC0-CC9
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Micro simulation of cyclists Velo City 2013
Example – Following and overtaking •The testing proces in VISSIM •Comparison of various settings •Calibration of the parameters •Visual validation •Validation in regard to traffic counts
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Micro simulation of cyclists Velo City 2013
Example - Kampmannsgade/Vester Farimagsgade •COWI has conducted a bike simulation of the intersection Kampmannsgade/Vester Farimagsgade in Copenhagen close to Vesterport Station. •The primary purpose was to determine the necessary capacity in a waiting zone in front of the right turning motor vehicles from Kampmannsgade.
•Basis
•Solution
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Micro simulation of cyclists Velo City 2013
Conclusion •It is possible to build realistic models for the bicycle traffic in Copenhagen (and other cities), but it requires a solid knowledge of VISSIM as a simulation tool. •The model build-up is more complex than in the case of motorized traffic as cyclists have a more individual behavior. •The project has determined some of the fundamental parameters, which has brought us much further. •Many intersection-specific behavioral patterns must be clarified before the simulation •Not a standard tool
