Materials and Resources Building materials choices are important in green building design because of the extensive network of extraction, processing and transportation steps required to process them, as well as the ecological impacts of their eventual disposal. Activities associated with the production of building materials pollute the air and water, destroy natural habitats and deplete natural resources. The construction industry consumes approximately 40% of the global material flow and generates about 33% of the North American solid waste stream. Materials found in the waste stream should be viewed as resources or commodities rather than waste. This mind shift can drastically change the way that materials are handled. Over the past decade, an increasing number of public and private waste management operations have begun to reduce construction debris volumes by recycling and reusing these materials. Recovery and recycling activities typically involve job-site separation into multiple bins or disposal areas. If space is limited, these activities can also take place off-site. One of the most effective strategies for minimizing the environmental impacts of material use is to reuse existing buildings. Rehabilitation of existing building shells and non-shell components reduces solid waste volumes and diverts waste from landfills. Maintaining occupancy rates in existing buildings also reduces environmental impacts associated with the production and delivery of new building products. Reuse minimizes habitat disturbance and typically requires less infrastructure such as utilities and roads. When specifying interior components in construction documents, it is important to consider the source of material components. Salvaged materials can substitute for new materials, save on
material costs and often add character to the building. Recycled content materials reuse waste products that would otherwise be deposited in landfills. The use of local materials supports the regional economy and reduces the impacts of transportation. The use of rapidly renewable materials and third-party certified wood minimizes the impact of natural resource consumption to manufacture new building materials. Because material content is such a major portion of the overall budget on commercial interior projects, particularly due to the inclusion of furniture and furnishings, there is considerable opportunity to make a positive impact. Although at present there is no specific credit given for materials that are manufactures in facilities that use environmental management systems that help reduce energy consumption, post industrial waste and water consumption, designers should seek out this information to ensure that they are specifying a green product from a green facility. Credit Timing As Table MR 1 shows, most of the decision making needed to successfully earn these credits occurs among the design team members. Contractor and supplier participation is very important in determining the actual values and ensuring compliance. Only in LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 1.1, Tenant Space, Long-Term Commitment, is the decision over and done before the start of design. The configuration of the space selected has a major influence on earning LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 1.2 and 1.3, Building Reuse, Maintain 40% or 60% of Interior Non-Structural Components. To improve the odds, select a space that closely matches the design intent with minimal construction. No Default Value Because of the variability of project scopes, the LEED Canada-CI Rating System does not have an automatic default relationship between material costs and the total construction cost. Unlike LEED Canada-NC, the LEED Letter Templates
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Overview Overview of LEED® Canada-CI v1.0 Credits: MR Prerequisite 1 Storage and Collection of Recyclables MR Credit 1.1 Tenant Space, Long-Term Commitment MR Credit 1.2 Building Reuse, Maintain 40% of Interior Non-Structural Components MR Credit 1.3 Building Reuse, Maintain 60% of Interior Non-Structural Components MR Credit 2.1 Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% from Landfill MR Credit 2.2 Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% from Landfill MR Credit 3.1 Resource Reuse, 5% MR Credit 3.2 Resource Reuse, 10% MR Credit 3.3 Resource Reuse, 30% Furniture and Furnishings MR Credit 4.1 Recycled Content, 10% (post-consumer + 1/2 preconsumer) MR Credit 4.2 Recycled Content, 20% (post-consumer + 1/2 preconsumer) MR Credit 5.1 Regional Materials, 20% Manufactured Regionally MR Credit 5.2 Regional Materials, 10% Extracted and Manufactured Regionally MR Credit 6 Rapidly Renewable Materials MR Credit 7 Certified Wood
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Overview
do not automatically provide a 45% calculation. Division 12, Furniture Regardless of the parties specifying and providing the furniture and furnishings, every furnishing in the project should be included in calculations for LEED Canada-CI. Unlike in other LEED Rating Systems, project teams do not have the option to exclude certain materials. Within the Materials & Resources cred-
its, furniture and furnishings are defined as those materials included in CSI MasterFormat™ Division 12. See Table MR 2 for more information on the specific credits where they are included. Because the value of these materials can be very significant, the design and construction team will want to work closely with the facility manager, interior designer, furniture dealership and installers from the outset.
Table MR 1 : Timing on Prerequisite and Credit Decisions and Actions
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Overview Table MR 2 : Units of Measure for Materials & Resources Credits
m
2
m
2
m
2
m
2
X
Furniture and Furnishings (CSI Division 12)
t
All Other Construction Materials
Windows
2
Case Goods
m
Doors
X
Walls
X
Floors
Ceiling
MR 1.2 & 1.3 Building Reuse
Electrical
Credit
Mechanical
Material
X
3
MR 2.1 & 2.2 a
Construction Waste Management MR 3.1 & 3.1 Resource Reuse MR 3.3 Resource Reuse: Furniture, Furnishings MR 4.1 & 4.2 Recycled Content MR 5.1 Manufactured Regionally MR 5.2 Extracted and Manufactured Regionally MR 6 Rapidly Renewable MR 7 Certified Wood
Either kilograms (kg) or square metres (m ) (pounds or cubic feet) but consistent throughout Replacement Value ($)
X
X
X
X
X
b
X
Cost New ($): exclude salvaged and refurbished materials counted in MR 3
b
X
Cost New ($)
X
b
X
Cost New ($)
X
X
Cost New ($)
X X
X
X
X
X
X X
X
X
Replacement Value ($)
Cost New ($): Identify all wood-based materials, then exclude salvaged and refurbished & post-consumer recycled wood fiber portion of any products
a Do not include hazardous waste and excavated soil in MR 2.1 & 2.2 calculations. b Plumbing products may be included in calculations, if included for one credit, items must be in all applicable credits.
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Storage and Collection of Recyclables Intent Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills.
Requirements Provide an easily accessible dedicated area that serves the tenant space for the collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metals.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the tenant or other responsible party, declaring that the area dedicated to recycling is easily accessible and accommodates the tenant’s recycling needs.
Provide a plan showing the area(s) dedicated to recycled material collection and storage.
Provide a letter from the base building owner or manager describing base building recycling and waste disposal facilities and programs.
If an audit is requested during the certification process:
Provide drawings highlighting locations for collection and storage of materials separated for recycling.
Indicate the path from recycling locations to the building loading dock and demonstrate that the recycling area can handle the recycling material volumes generated by the tenant.
Provide the calculations used in determining the area required for recycling storage and any correspondence with the building owner concerning the availability and adequacy of building-wide collection and storage.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Designate an area for recyclable collection and storage that is appropriately sized and located in a convenient area. Identify local waste handlers and buyers for glass, plastic, office paper, newspaper, card board and organic wastes. Instruct occupants on building recycling procedures. Instruct occupants on the recycling procedures. Consider employing cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, recycling chutes and other waste management technologies to further enhance the recycling program.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
LEED Canada-CI projects that occupy less than a full building do not necessarily need to provide an outdoor collection area if one is provided to all building occupants or when the materials hauler or landlord makes pick ups within the tenant space.
•
The Recycling Area Guidelines provided in Table MR 4 of this LEED CanadaCI 1.0 Reference Guide provide recommendations for typical office buildings, not requirements. Other occupancy types may have higher or lower area needs for recycling, depending on the volume and type of recyclable materials generated.
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•
If a project wishes to meet this Prerequisite with less area than indicated in the Guidelines, a narrative should be provided indicating how the recyclables will be handled such that the proposed area is sufficient. Shared recycling facilities for buildings on a multiple-building site represents one possible way to reduce the area requirements within a specific building and for this Prerequisite.
•
Outdoor recycling areas that are convenient for occupants and maintenance staff, and comply with minimum area guidelines are acceptable for this Prerequisite.
•
It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Prerequisite 1 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
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Green Building Concerns
Community Issues
Environmental Issues
Many communities sponsor recycling programs and encourage participation to reduce the amount of waste being deposited in landfills. These efforts return valuable resources to the production process and may increase employment. Additionally, the reduced dependence on virgin resources helps maintain existing habitat areas. Community-wide participation results in higher recycling rates, and in turn more stable markets for the recycled materials.
By creating convenient recycling opportunities for building occupants, a significant portion of the solid waste stream can be diverted from landfills (See Table MR 3 for examples of solid waste generation by building type). Recycling of paper, metals, cardboard and plastics reduces the need to extract virgin natural resources. For example, recycling one tonne of paper prevents the processing of 17 trees and saves approximately 2.3 m3 of landfill space. Recycled aluminum requires only 5% of the energy required to produce virgin aluminum from its raw ore, bauxite. Recycling also reduces environmental impacts of waste in landfills. Economic Issues Recycling requires minimal initial cost and offers significant savings in reduced landfill disposal costs or tipping fees. However, recycling activities use floor space that could be used otherwise. In larger projects, processing equipment such as can crushers and cardboard balers are effective at minimizing the space required for recycling activities. Some recyclables provide revenue which can help to offset the cost of their collection and processing.
Design Approach Strategies As part of the building selection process, determine the extent of services available in the region. When the project will be in a leased facility, determine what services are offered by the building owner. If there is a building-wide recycling program, confirm that it meets the requirements of the prerequisite. Delineate mutually acceptable space that is adequate and convenient for collection and storage of recycling. If a common collection area exists, it must be either sized to adequately handle the full building occupancy, or the tenant will need to have their own dedicated and secure space per requirements. Identify local waste handlers to deter-
Table MR 3 : Solid Waste Generation Wastes
Building Type Warehouses Office Buildings Department Stores Supermarkets Restaurants Drugstores Cafeterias Clubs Hotels Schools Hospitals Nursing Homes
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Amount of Solid Waste 3
0.73 kg / 10 m / day 3 0.49 kg / 10 m / day 3 1.5 kg / 10 m / day 3 3.4 kg / 10 m / day 3 0.98 kg / 10 m / day 3 1.5 kg / 10 m / day 0.25 to 0.35 kg / meal 0.6 kg / meal 0.9 kg / room / day & 0.9 kg / meal 2.7 kg / room & 0.11 kg / student / day 9.1 kg / bed / day & 0.9 kg / meal 1.8 kg / person / day
mine the extent of their services; often they will assist in setting up your program. When a project’s waste generation warrants, identify buyers for glass, plastic, metals, office paper, newspaper, cardboard and organic wastes. Technologies Consider employing cardboard balers, aluminum can crushers, recycling chutes and other waste management technologies to further enhance the recycling program. Synergies and Trade-Offs Dense urban areas typically have a recycling infrastructure in place, and additional space for collection and storage may be costly. It is possible that recyclable collection and storage space could increase the project footprint in some instances. It is important to address possible indoor environmental quality (IEQ) impacts on occupants due to recycling activities. Those activities that create odors, noise and air contaminants should be isolated or performed during non-occupant hours to maintain optimal IEQ.
the solid waste stream by using reusable bottles, bags and other containers.
Prerequisite 1
Area Approach The city of Seattle passed an ordinance to require minimum areas for recycling and storage of recyclables in commercial buildings. The ordinance is based on the total area of the building. Minimum areas for residential buildings were also specified. Table MR 4, which is based on this initiative, may be used as a guideline to size your recycling area. Note that LEED Canada-CI does not require adherence to these guidelines. Table MR 4 : Recycling Area Guidelines
Commercial Building Area 2 [m ]
Minimum Recycling Area 2 [m ]
0 to 465 466 to 1400 1401 to 4650 4651 to 9300 9301 to 18,600 18,600 or more
7.6 11.6 16.3 20.9 25.6 46.5
Design Phase
Occupancy Approach
In the design phase, designate wellmarked collection and storage areas for recyclables including office paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metals. Locate a central collection and storage area in the basement or on the ground level with easy access for collection vehicles. Within the tenant spaces, locate a collection area convenient to a freight elevator for custodial pick-up. Size the collection and storage space to accommodate recyclables storage. Research local recycling efforts to find the best method of diverting recyclable materials from the waste stream.
An alternative, also voluntary in LEED Canada-CI, was developed using research by the California Integrated Waste Management Board’s (CIWMB) 1999 Statewide Waste Characterization Study in which the waste disposal rates of 1,200 businesses were measured. This approach calculated the estimated weekly quantity of paper, cardboard, glass, plastic and metal based on the business type and employee count.
Provide instruction to occupants and maintenance personnel on recycling procedures. Encourage activities to reduce and reuse materials before recycling in order to decrease the amount of recyclable volumes handled. For instance, building occupants can shrink
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The calculation uses two worksheets. Worksheet MR 1 is used to determine the weekly volume generated and the number of containers required for each type of recyclable material. Worksheet MR 2 is used to determine the floor area needed for collection and storage between pick ups. If this approach is elected, begin by using Table MR 5 to select the business group your project most
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Prerequisite 1 Worksheet MR 1 : Occupancy Approach. Recyclable Container Volume Calculation Table
Overall Recyclable Material Volume Recyclable Material
Volume Per Employee 3 [m /week]
Number of Employees
× × × × ×
Paper Cardboard Glass Plastic Metal
Compaction Ratio
× × × × ×
Overall Volume 3 [m ]
Pick-ups Per Week
÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
═ ═ ═ ═ ═
Worksheet MR 2 : Occupancy Approach. Recycle Area Calculation
Storage Area Determination Recyclable Material
Overall Volume 3 [m ]
Container Volume 3 [m ]
÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷
Paper Cardboard Glass Plastic Metal
Container Count
═ ═ ═ ═ ═
× × × × ×
Container Footprint 2 [m ]
Total Area 2 [m ] ═ ═ ═ ═ ═
Circulation Total Floor Area
nearly matches. Based on the group, obtain the average volume per employee for each type of recyclable materials from Table MR 6. When on-site compaction is done, obtain the compaction factor from Table MR 7. In completing the calculations, use total employment, not full-time equivalents used in other LEED calculations. For seasonal businesses, use the maximum number of employees working during the busiest season. The compaction adjustment ratios in Table MR 7 require at least manual compaction during the consolidation at the collection and storage area. For exCanada Green Building Council
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ample, the value of 0.05 for cardboard assumes that boxes originally placed in recycling containers at an individual’s workstation are broken or flattened down, but are not compressed any further. On the other hand, avoid overestimating the amount of compaction. For example, the plastics compaction ratio of 0.4 and the glass compaction ratio of 0.15 cannot be attained without crushing. When mechanical compactors are being used, follow the equipment manufacturer’s recommendations. When unsure, assume no compaction by using 1.0 in Worksheet MR 1. The worksheet also provides an adjustment for the frequency of pick-ups. For
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Prerequisite 1 Table MR 5 : Occupancy Approach, Recyblable Generation Groups, Business Types Recyclable Generation Generation Group Group 21 Recyclable Recyclable Generation Group 1 Light Waste Generation Medium Waste Generation Light Waste Generation Engineering, Accounting, Research, Management and Related Services
General Office and Financial Institutions ● Legal Services
Manufacturing ● Lumber and wood products
●
Insurance Agencies
●
Real Estate Agencies
●
Banks
●
Food products
Investment Offices
●
Furniture
●
Scientific and medical instruments
●
● Security
and Commodity Brokers
● Personal ● Public ●
Printing, Publishing and Allied Industries
Services
Hotels, Rooming Houses, Camps, Lodges
Administrative Offices
Health Services Facilities
Social Services
Wholesale Trade, Durable and Non-Durable Goods ● Fabricated metal products ● ●
Motor Freight Transportations and Warehousing
Recyclable Generation Group 3 Heavy Waste Generation
Paper and allied products Industrial and Commercial machinery and computer equipment
Retail ● Building materials, hardware, garden supplies
Transportation equipment ● Electronic and other electrical equipment and components (except computer equipment) ●
Parking
●
Food stores
●
Apparel and accessory stores
●
Home furniture, furniture and equipment stores
Automotive Repairs and Services
Eating and Drinking Establishments
General Merchandise Stores
Heavy Manufacturing
Amusement and Recreation Services Museums, Galleries, Botanical and Zoological Gardens
Petroleum Refining and Related Industries
Table MR 6 : Occupancy Approach. Recyclables Generated —Volume per Employee per Week
Recyclable Material Volumes -- Non-compacted [cubic metres per employee per week] Recyclable Material Paper Cardboard Glass Plastic Metal
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
0.06 0.17 0.01 0.23 0.01
0.11 0.57 0.01 0.57 0.01
0.11 0.85 0.06 0.57 0.01
Table MR 7 : Occupancy Approach. Volume Adjustment for On-Site Compaction
Recyclable Material Paper Cardboard Glass Plastic Metal
All groups [Compaction Factor] 0.50 0.05 0.15 0.40 1.00
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weekly pick-ups use 1, for twice-weekly use 2, and use 0.5 for every other week. To complete the calculation, use Worksheet MR 2. Select the containers to be used for each type of recyclable material. Many recycling haulers will help develop your strategy and often provide the containers.
Resources
RECYC-QUÉBEC: LA société de récupération et de recyclage. Site: http://www.recyc-quebec.gouv.qc.ca
Websites Recycling In Canada, Natural Resources Canada: Provides information about metals and minerals recycling as well as recycling in general. Site: http://www.recycle.nrcan.gc.ca/default_e.htm
Print Media
The Recycling Council of Ontario (RCO): The RCO is a not-for-profit organization that actively assists municipalities, corporations, other organizations and individuals in reducing their waste. Site: http://www.rco.on.ca/
Definitions
Waste Management, Environment Canada: Provides guidelines for recycling household, commercial, institutional and industrial waste. Site: http://www.ec.gc.ca/wastes_e.html The National Waste Reduction Handbook: National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy. 1991. This handbook is intended to guide municipalities in devising a waste management strategy. It focuses primarily on source reduction and illustrates success stories of leading Canadian Municipalities. Site: http://www.nrtee-trnee.ca/Publications/PDF/Waste-Reduction_E.PDF Earth 911: Information and education programs on recycling as well as regional links to recyclers. (480) 889-2650 or 877-EARTH911 Site: http://www.earth911.org/master. asp
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Recycling at Work: A program of the U.S. Conference of Mayors that provides information on workplace recycling efforts. (202) 293-7330 Site: http://www.usmayors.org/USCM/ recycle/
• Diaz, Luis, et al. Composting and Recycling Municipal Solid Waste. CRC Press, 1993. • Lund, Herb. McGraw-Hill Recycling Handbook. McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Landfill: A waste disposal site for the deposit of solid waste from human activities. Recycling: Collection, reprocessing, marketing and use of materials that were diverted or recovered from the solid waste stream.
Regional Variations Many regional districts in Canada presently do not have guidelines for the minimum area to be provided for recycling and storage of recyclable materials.
Tenant Space, Long-Term Commitment
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Credit 1.1
Intent Encourage choices that will conserve resources, reduce waste and reduce the environmental impacts of tenancy as they relate to materials, manufacturing and transport.
1 Point
Requirements Occupant commits to remain in the same location for not less than 10 years.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the building owner or other responsible party, declaring that the building occupant either owns its space or has signed a lease for at least 10 years.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Where the project is in a leased space, the project team should provide a copy of lease commitments.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Suggest negotiations resulting in longer leases or ownership.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
Credit interpretation rulings concerning MR Credit 1.1 made to LEED Canada-CI project requests apply to LEED Canada-CI projects and can be found on the CaGBC website. The requirements of this credit are not currently found in other LEED Rating Systems.
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Credit 1.1
Green Building Concerns Environmental Issues Ownership and long-term leases reduce the frequency of relocation and the associated construction activities. With long-term commitments there is a greater return on energy efficiency and improvements that benefit the occupants’ wellbeing. Community Issues There are numerous associated location decisions that follow the selection of the project location, often including where employees reside and shop and the length of their commutes. Community improvements, from mass transit to cultural amenities, take time to develop. Longer and more stable tenancy improves the entire community.
Design Approach The credit requirements are satisfied when the project area is either owned by the occupant or is currently included in a lease with a term of not less than 10 years. Condominium ownerships satisfy the credit requirement. The requirement does not stipulate a relationship between the start of the lease period and the project construction activities. Though it may be necessary to displace occupants during the construction, there are no stipulations concerning temporary relocations.
Resources Websites Doing Business in Canada: Information on the Canadian leasing system and real estate investment. Site: http://www.osler.com/resources. aspx?id=7969 CoreNet Global Corporate Real Estate Network: An organization of corporate real estate executives. (416) 921-9088 Site: http://www.corenetglobal.org/chapters/toronto/ Canada Green Building Council
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Waste Management, Environment Canada: Provides guidelines for recycling household, commercial, institutional and industrial waste. Site: http://www.ec.gc.ca/wastes_e.html Congress for the New Urbanism: An organization of planners and designers who have identified and apply principles that foster community. (312) 551-7300 Site: http://www.cnu.org/
Print Media • Brand, Stewart. How Buildings Learn What Happens After They’re Built. Viking Adult, 1994.
Definitions Occupant: The entity that uses the project space either by leasing or owning. Owner: An entity that owns land, a space or a building that is used either by themselves or by another. Tenant: One who pays to occupy land or space that is owned by someone else.
Building Reuse, Maintain 40% of Interior Non-Structural Components
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Credit 1.2
Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport.
1 Point
Requirements Maintain at least 40% by area of the existing non-shell, non-structure components (walls, flooring and ceilings).
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, listing the types and areas of retained elements and declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide photographs and/or pre-construction and post-construction drawings highlighting reused walls, flooring and ceiling systems.
Include calculations demonstrating that 40% of the non-shell and nonstructure components were reused.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify during the selection and design of the tenant space the potential to maintain as many of the existing interior elements as possible. Remove elements that pose contamination risk to occupants and update outdated components. Quantify the extent of reuse.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
In LEED Canada-CI, MR Credits 1.2 and 1.3 address only interior nonstructural components. The means of determining the percentage of area retained is particular to the LEED Canada-CI version of the credits and may vary from that used in other LEED Rating Systems.
•
Fixed items, such as walls and doors that are found on-site are included in this credit and count toward the percentage of reuse when they perform the same function (i.e., doors reused as doors). If they are used for another purpose (i.e., doors made into tables), they contribute to earning MR credits 3.1 and 3.2. Note that the area of these items, even when not reused, must be included in the prior condition area calculation of MR Credits 1.2 and 1.3.
•
Full-height wall systems are to be included in MR Credits 1.2 and 1.3; Division 12 items, including furniture and furnishings, are addressed in MR Credit 3.3.
•
MR Credits 1.2 and 1.3 are aimed at reusing old buildings to accommodate a new building program for which a LEED rating is being pursued.
•
Achievement of this Credit cannot be demonstrated solely through providing a narrative. The calculation method explained in the Reference Guide must be used to determine if the project meets the requirements for MR Credits 1.2 and 1.3. LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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•
Rooftop platforms that are not integral to the roof of the building itself would not be considered “structure and shell”.
Credit 1.2
•
It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Credit 1.3 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
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Building Reuse, Maintain 60% of Interior Non-Structural Components
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Credit 1.3
Intent Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport.
1 Point in addition to MR 1.2
Requirements Maintain at least 60% by area of the existing non-shell, non-structure components (walls, flooring and ceiling systems).
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, listing the retained elements and declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide photographs or pre-construction and/or post-construction drawings highlighting reused walls, flooring and ceiling systems.
Include calculations demonstrating that 60% of the non-shell and nonstructure components were reused.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify during the selection and design of the tenant space the potential to maintain as many of the existing interior elements as possible. Remove elements that pose contamination risk to occupants and update outdated components. Quantify the extent of reuse.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations For more interpretations, please see MR Credit 1.2.
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Credit 1.3
Green Building Concerns Many opportunities exist to rehabilitate existing buildings. Commercial real estate companies often rehabilitate old industrial buildings to take advantage of prime location, lower building costs and desirable building characteristics. Environmental Issues Commercial interior projects reusing the interior non-structural components of an existing building significantly reduce construction waste volumes. Reuse strategies also lessen environmental impacts associated with raw material extraction, manufacture and transportation. Community Issues The character of a neighborhood is often defined by existing historic buildings. Building reuse maintains the vital link between neighborhoods of the
past and present. Commercial interior projects that reuse a high percentage of the non-structural components serve as an example for future tenants in their building or others in the community.
Design Approach MR Credits 1.2 and 1.3 recognize the importance of selecting a space where the existing interior aligns with the anticipated use. These Credits also recognize when the design and construction successfully maintain the existing interior construction. Both objectives are accomplished by basing the interior component reuse percentage on the larger of the following two areas: either the area of components in the prior condition, or the area of the components in the completed design. See Equation MR 1 and the sample calculation shown in Table MR 8.
Equation MR 1: Determination of Maintained Area Interior Non-Structural = Component Reuse [%]
Total Retained Components Area [m2] Larger of Prior Condition OR Completed Design Area [m2]
Table MR 8: Sample Finished Surface Area Calculation
Finished Surface Area Element
Prior Condition Area [m2]
Finished Ceiling 1858.1 Finished Flooring 947.6 Interior Wall Partitions 802.7 Doors within Interior Walls 130.1 Built-in Case Goods 46.5 Exterior & Party Walls 1283.9 Less Exterior Windows & Doors -211.8 Totals 4857.0 Determine the Larger Completed Design Area > Prior Condition Area
Interior Non-structural Component Reuse [3007.3/5715.4]
Completed Design Area [m2] 1858.1 1858.1 778.5 74.3 74.3 1283.9 -211.8 5715.4
5715.4 > 4857.0
53%
40% < 53% < 60% earns MR 1.2 but not MR 1.3
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Retained Components Area [m2] 1171.5 167.2 512.8 46.5 37.2 1283.9 -211.8 3007.3
Strategies To the extent possible, develop the architectural program prior to selecting the project space. Use the program to match the anticipated needs for enclosed spaces with those in potential buildings under consideration. Planning Once the final space is selected and prior to any demolition, the project team should inventory the prior condition. Develop a floor plan showing the location of finished ceilings, finished flooring, interior wall partitions, doors within the interior walls, exterior and party walls, and exterior windows and doors. If there are built-in case goods that will be reused, they should be documented as well. The drawings should provide the detail needed to determine the surface area of all these elements. Construction Phase Confirm that items designated for reuse can be reused. Take the needed steps to retain them in the finished work. Calculations Quantity of Finished Area: This credit is based on surface areas. The components included in the calculation are finished ceilings, walls, doors, flooring and built-in case goods. The measurements are made in the same way as would be completed by a contractor preparing a bid for flooring, ceiling or painting. Finished ceilings and flooring areas are straightforward. For walls, determine the finished area between floor and ceiling. For interior wall partitions and doors, count the area of both sides. For exterior and party walls, count only one side. Subtract the area of exterior windows and exterior doors from both the prior condition and completed design tallies. For built-in case goods, determine the finished area, as would a painter. Prior Condition: Determine the total finished areas that existed prior to the start of the project and any demolition. If the ceiling is exposed prior to construction and in the final design, include this
area. If there was a lay-in ceiling prior to construction but none after, include the ceiling area in both the prior condition and completed design area, but not in the retained components area. Completed Design: Determine the total finished area in the completed design including all new and retained elements.
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Credit 1.2 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 1.3
Retained Components Area: In determining the retained components area, include only the surface area of ceilings, walls, interior doors, floors and built-in case goods that were in the space both prior to construction and in the completed design. Remember to include in this tabulation items that have been saved but may have been relocated, such as full-height demountable walls and doors that were re-hung in a new section of wall. Items counted in this credit are not to be included in LEED Canada-CI MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2. Percent Maintained: After completing Table MR 8, determine the Interior Nonstructural Component Reuse by dividing the Total Retained Components Area into the larger of either the total Prior Condition Area or total Completed Design Area. By using the larger of the two values as the denominator, both projects that have optimized component reuse from the prior condition, and projects that have minimized material use in the completed design are on equal footing. Example Prior Condition: The tenant has taken the entire 1,860 m2 (20,000 sq.ft.) floor in an existing commercial office building that has 1.8 m (6-foot) wide floorto-ceiling windows at 3.7 m (12-foot) centers on the long elevations of the building. Area A was previously built out with a 0.6 m x 0.6 m (2’ x 2’) lay-in ceiling at 3 m (10 feet) above the carpeted floor. Drywall partitions enclosed 16 private offices. Area B had never been occupied, but the building owner had completed the ceiling system, plus LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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the exterior and common area walls. Area C was built as a training facility with floating acoustic panels and a mix of reclaimed wood and recycled rubber flooring. The corridors to the stairs had the same ceiling system as Area A, plus carpet tiles. Completed Design: The design team had the opportunity to open up the space by eliminating one of the hallways and a party wall. They saved several of the existing private offices from Area A (see Figure MR 1). In Area B, the new occupants kept the ceiling and added four enclosed areas to serve as a copy area, recycling storage and conferencing. They found the training facility, Area C, needed only a fresh coat of paint. The quantities shown in Table MR 8 are from this example.
Figure MR 1
prior condition
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Exemplary Performance Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the requirements reach the next incremental step. For Building Reuse, Maintain Interior Non-Structural Components, the credit calculation must be 80% or greater.
Resources Websites Sustainable Communities Network: Several deconstruction and reuse case studies. Site: http://www.smartgrowth.org/library/typelist.asp
Print Media
Regional Variations
• Austin, Richard and Woodstock, David. Adaptive Reuse: Issues and Case Studies in Building Preservation. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1987.
The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
• Brand, Stewart. How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They’re Built. Viking Adult, 1994.
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Definitions Completed Design Area: The total finished area of finished ceilings finished floors, full height walls and demountable partitions, interior doors and builtin case goods in the space when the project is completed: exterior windows and exterior doors are not considered. Interior Non-Structural Components Reuse: Determined by dividing the area of retained components by the larger of the area of the prior condition or the area of the completed design. Prior Condition: State the project space was in at the time it was selected. Moving the demolition out of the project scope by making it the building owner’s responsibility defeats the objective of this credit. Prior Condition Area: The total finished areas of finished ceilings, finished floors, full height walls and demountable partitions, interior doors and built-in case goods that existed when the project area was selected: exterior windows and exterior doors are not considered. Retained Components: Portions of the finished ceilings, finished floors, full height walls and demountable partitions, interior doors and built-in case goods that existed in the prior condition and remained in the completed design.
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Credit 2.1 1 Point
Construction Waste Management, Divert 50% From Landfill Intent Divert construction, demolition, and packaging debris from landfill disposal. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites.
Requirements Develop and implement a construction waste management plan, quantifying material diversion goals. Recycle and/or salvage at least 50% of construction, demolition and packaging debris. Calculation may be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, tabulating the total waste material, quantities diverted and the means by which diverted, and declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide a copy of the Construction Waste Management Plan for the project highlighting recycling and salvage requirements.
Provide a copy of demolition plans prepared, if any.
Provide calculations on end-of-project recycling rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that 50% of construction wastes were diverted from landfill.
Provide either weighbills or a letter from the owner authorizing use of base-building recycling services & bins.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish goals for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators and adopt a Construction Waste Management Plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area(s) on the construction site for segregated or commingled collection of recyclable materials, and track recycling efforts throughout the construction process. Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials, and seek verification that the diverted materials are recycled or salvaged, as intended. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitable organizations such as Habitat for Humanity®.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
MR Credits 2.1 and 2.2 are aimed at diverting construction waste from landfills.
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Materials included in MR Credits 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 cannot be applied to this credit.
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An inconsistency in the field is that waste handlers typically use metric measurement for weight (tonnes) and imperial for volume (cubic yards). Also, metal scrap dealers typically provide weights in imperial (tons). The
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project team must take care to standardize and convert the information received during the tracking process to ensure that the final diversion rates are not skewed. •
Incineration cannot be used as an alternative method for diverting waste from the landfill for purposes of Credit achievement. The Credit requirement only includes recycling and salvaging as methods of landfill diversion.
•
Reprocessed rock cannot be counted in the construction waste management calculations. It is standard construction practice to reuse bedrock on the site as fill (crushed or not). This material can be included in MR Credit 5.1 and 5.2 calculations, counting it as local harvesting and manufacture of aggregate.
•
Hazardous materials (such as asbestos and lead) that are required to be removed from a building or site can be excluded from the materials waste calculations. Confirmation should be included in the Credit narrative that the materials are not listed in the landfilled material data because they are regulated hazardous waste and there is no possibility for recycling or salvage.
•
It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Credit 2.1 and 2.2 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
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Credit 2.2 1 Point in addition to MR 2.1
Construction Waste Management, Divert 75% From Landfill Intent Divert construction, demolition, and packaging debris from landfill disposal. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirect reusable materials to appropriate sites.
Requirements Develop and implement a Construction Waste Management Plan, quantifying material diversion goals. Recycle and/or salvage at least 75% of construction, demolition and packaging debris. Calculation may be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, tabulating the total waste material, quantities diverted and the means by which diverted, and declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide a copy of the Construction Waste Management Plan for the project highlighting recycling and salvage requirements.
Provide calculations on end-of-project recycling rates, salvage rates, and landfill rates demonstrating that 75% of construction wastes were recycled or salvaged and diverted from landfill.
Provide either weighbills or a letter from the base building management authorizing use of base-building recycling services & bins.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish goals for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators and adopt a construction waste management plan to achieve these goals. Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet and insulation. Designate a specific area(s) on the construction site for segregated or commingled collection of recyclable materials, and track recycling efforts throughout the construction process. Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials, and seek verification that the diverted materials are recycled or salvaged, as intended. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitable organizations such as Habitat for Humanity®.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations For more interpretations, please see MR Credit 2.1.
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Green Building Concerns
Economic Issues
Construction and demolition activities generate enormous quantities of solid waste. According to Statistics Canada 2.90 million tonnes of C&D debris (versus 20.3 million tons of municipal solid waste) was generated in 2000. This equates to 2.4 kilograms (5.3 pounds) per capita per day. Commercial construction generates between 9.8 kg 12.2 kg of solid waste per square metre (2 -2.5 pounds per square foot), and the majority of this waste can potentially be recycled. The city of Portland, Oregon, has instituted programs to reduce solid waste generation and promote recyclable material markets. In 1993, the city was successful in diverting 47% of all construction and demolition waste from landfills.
In the past, when landfill capacity was readily available and disposal fees were low, recycling or reuse of construction waste was not economically feasible. Construction materials were inexpensive compared to the cost of labour and, thus, construction jobsite managers focused on worker productivity rather than materials conservation. In addition, recycling infrastructure and materials marketplaces to process and resell construction debris did not exist. In recent years, particularly with the advent of international competition for both raw and recycled materials, the economics of recycling have improved. During this same period disposal costs have increased. Recognition for and enactment of more stringent waste disposal regulations coupled with ever decreasing landfill capacity have changed the waste management equation.
Recycling opportunities are expanding rapidly in many communities. Metal, vegetation, concrete and asphalt recycling opportunities have long been available and economical in most communities. Paper, corrugated cardboard, plastics and clean wood markets vary by regional and local recycling infrastructure, but are recycled in most communities. Some materials, such as gypsum wallboard, have recycling opportunities only in communities where reprocessing plants exist or where soil can handle the material as a stabilizing agent. The recyclability of a demolished material is often dependant on the amount of contamination attached to it. Demolished wood, for instance, is often not reusable or recyclable unless it is deconstructed and de-nailed. Environmental Issues Recycling of construction and demolition debris reduces demand for virgin resources, and, in turn, reduces the environmental impacts associated with resource extraction, processing and, transportation. Landfills contaminate groundwater and encroach upon valuable green space. Through effective construction waste management, it is possible to extend the lifetime of existing landfills, avoiding the need for expansion or new landfill sites.
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Waste management plans require time and money to draft and implement but they can guide a project to achieve substantial savings throughout the construction process. Recyclable materials have differing market values depending on the presence of local recycling facilities, reprocessing costs and the availability of virgin materials on the market. In general, it is economically beneficial to recycle metals, concrete, asphalt and cardboard. In most cases it is possible to receive revenue as well as to avoid paying a landfill tipping fee. Market values normally fluctuate from month to month. When no revenue is received for materials, often the case for scrap wood and gypsum wallboard, it is still possible to benefit from potentially shorter hauling distances and by avoiding landfill tipping fees. The conventional approach to removing all waste and starting over with a “clean slate” is giving over to strategies that begin with planning and incorporating waste management in the project construction schedule. Community Issues Recycling supports local processing facilities, creates jobs and reduces the LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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need for additional landfill capacity. Seek out charitable organizations such as Habitat for Humanity® to take salvageable materials; donate or sell existing furniture.
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Design Approach LEED Canada-CI MR Credits 2.1 and 2.2 apply to materials that leave the site and recognize the efforts made both during design and construction to divert as much material as possible from the landfill. The percentage is simply the amount diverted through recycling and salvage divided by the total of that diverted plus that landfilled, as shown in Equation MR 2. Equation MR 2: Diversion Rate Recycling = Rate [%]
Recycled Waste Recycled + Garbage Waste
Strategies Establish goals for diversion from disposal in landfills and incinerators and adopt a construction waste management plan to achieve these goals. Identify construction haulers and recyclers to handle the designated materials; they often serve as valuable partners in this effort. Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet, cabling, ceiling tiles, doors and frames and insulation. Reduce the amount of packing material delivered to the site by specifying alternative packaging (for example, blankets in lieu of bubble wrap). Designate specific areas on the construction site for the collection of recyclable and non-recyclable materials. Make sure job-site personnel understand and participate in the program, with updates throughout the construction process. Obtain and retain verification records (waste haul receipts, spreadsheets, etc.) stating that the diverted materials have been recycled or salvaged as intended. Note that diversion may include donaCanada Green Building Council
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tions to charitable organizations such as Habitat for Humanity®. Synergies and Trade-Offs The waste management plan should address construction area housekeeping to avoid the contamination of the building and subsequent impacts on indoor air quality. Project sites within an existing building may have little available space for waste separation activities. Recycling areas should be chosen carefully to avoid contaminating stormwater runoff and to protect stockpiled recyclable materials from theft and the elements. Calculations Because space is limited in the table included with the LEED Letter Templates, it is recommended that the project team develop a separate spreadsheet to track the full extent of activities covered by this credit. This spreadsheet, in conjunction with the densities shown in Table MR 9, can be used to convert all quantities to either weights or volumes. Use the table similar to the one shown in Table MR 10 found in the LEED Letter Templates. Table MR 9: Solid Waste Conversion Factors
Materials Cardboard Gypsum Wallboard Mixed Waste Rubble Steel Wood
Density [kg/m2] 60 300 210 830 600 180
Exemplary Performance Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance in Construction Waste Management when the percent diverted is 95% of total waste or greater.
Table MR 10 : Sample Construction Waste Management Diversion Summary
Material Diverted
Method of Diversion
Diverted Material, in: tonnes × cubic metres
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Carpet tiles Cardboard packaging Ceiling tiles Steel studs Drywall
Donation to Salvation Army 25 Recycler 10 Returned to manufacturer 32 Recycler 8 Recycler 12 Total quantity of diverted waste 87 Material sent to landfill 63 Total quantity of waste 150 Percentage of waste diverted [87/150] 58% MR 2.1 (50%) earned, but MR 2.2 (75%) was not earned
Resources Websites National Master Specification Guide to Environmentally Responsible Specifications for New Construction and Renovations: This guideline has been prepared for designers and specifiers involved in Construction, Renovation and Demolition (CRD) projects for the Federal Government of Canada. The purpose of this guideline is to assist project practitioners in developing environmentally enhanced or “green” specifications for construction, renovation, repair and refit projects, including associated demolition work. Particular emphasis is placed on the greening of the National Master Specification (NMS) as a primary instrument for communicating environmental responsibility in CRD projects. Neither document cover any of the function issues or testing that may be required to ensure the structural integrity or performance of a salvaged material. Site: http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/nms/content/const_ren_guide_toc-e.html Construction and Demolition Waste Recycling Information: A program by the California Integrated Waste Management Board including case studies, fact sheets and links. Site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ConDemo/
Credit 2.2
Project Waste Management Master Specification: The Greater Vancouver Regional District outlines the key requirements, which can be included as part of the contract documentation, for maximizing the salvage and recycling of materials on construction, renovation, or deconstruction projects. Site: http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/ buildsmart/ pdfs/WasteManagementSpec.pdf Construction Waste Recycling: A Guide for Builders & Contractors: Produced by the Greater Vancouver Regional District, this guide details a step-by-step process and successful examples of setting up and implementing a recycling program at job sites. Site: http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/buildsmart/ pdfs/gvrdjobsiterecguide.pdf Construction Materials Recycling Association: A nonprofit dedicated to information exchange within the North American construction waste and demolition debris processing and recycling industry. (630)-585-7530 Site: http://www.cdrecycling.org/ Construction Waste Management Handbook: A report by the NAHB Research Center on residential construction waste management for a housing development in Homestead, Florida. Site: http://www.smartgrowth.org/library/articles.asp?art=15 LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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Contractors’ Guide to Preventing Waste and Recycling: A guidebook on waste prevention in construction from the Business and Industry Resource Venture. (206) 389-7304 Site: http://www.resourceventure.org/rv/ issues/building/publications/index.php Sustainable Building Sourcebook: An excellent introduction to construction waste management at the City of Austin, Texas’ Greenbuilder website. Site: http://www.greenbuilder.com/ sourcebook/ConstructionWaste.html U.S. EPA – Environmental Specifications for Research Triangle Park: Waste management and other specifications. Site: http://www.epa.gov/rtp/new-bldg/ environmental/specs.htm Recycling and Waste Management During Construction: Specification language from city of Seattle and Portland Metro projects on construction waste management. Site: http://www.metrokc.gov/procure/ green/const.htm
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Definitions Construction and demolition (C&D) debris: Waste and recyclables generated from construction, renovation, and demolition or deconstruction of pre-existing structures. Recycling: The collection, reprocessing, marketing and use of materials that were diverted or recovered from the solid waste stream. Reuse: Strategy to return materials to active use in the same or a related capacity. Tipping Fees: Fees charged by a landfill for disposal of waste volumes. The fee is typically quoted per one tonne of waste.
Regional Variations The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
Resource Reuse, 5%
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Credit 3.1
Intent Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.
1 Point
Requirements Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials for at least 5% of building (construction) materials, excluding furniture and furnishings.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met and listing each material or product used to meet the Credit. Include details demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of reused materials and products, showing their costs and the total cost of all materials for the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide highlighted specifications, and indicate how the value of each reused material was determined for salvaged and refurbished materials used on the project.
Provide statements or approved shop drawings from suppliers noting the salvaged or refurbished status of each material contributing to this Credit, and the source, modifications or refurbishments of these materials.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into project design and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry, brick and decorative items.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
In LEED Canada-CI, MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2 exclude materials included in the Construction Specifications Institute Division 12, in particular, furniture and furnishings. See the further explanation under MR Credit 3.3.
•
MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2 reward reuse of materials from off-site. It is important to make a distinction between salvaged building materials and building reuse. The goal of MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2 is to reduce energy and resource impacts associated with production of new building materials, and also to encourage the development of a market in salvaged building materials. Some existing materials on-site that are removed and/or reprocessed may apply towards MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2.
•
Materials that are simply reused on site, for the same purpose, such as reusing an existing door as a door in the new building, would not apply to MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2, but may be applied toward MR Credits 1.1 and 1.2.
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•
As formwork (rented or purchased) is not a permanently installed material, it is considered as “equipment” for all MR Credits except MR Credits 4.1 and 4.2 (recycled content) MR Credit 7 (certified wood) and thus not included in the material costs of the project.
•
Existing building components that are left in-place do not meet the definition of salvaged, and thus can not contribute to achieving MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2. Components that are salvaged on-site can be included in this Credit calculation only if they can no longer serve their original function and have been reprocessed and installed for a different use. On a project site where an existing building is being demolished or deconstructed, the material that is salvaged on-site and installed in the new building can be used to comply with this Credit.
•
Applicable salvaged materials include cabinetry and built-in furniture but not movable partitions, furniture or other transient items.
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MR Credit 1.2 and 1.3 - Building Reuse is intended to encourage the reuse of existing building shells and interiors. Components of an existing building that are reused in-situ are considered to apply toward the building reuse Credit, not as salvaged materials.
•
It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Credit 3.1 and 3.2 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
Credit 3.1
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Resource Reuse, 10%
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Credit 3.2
Intent Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.
1 Point in addition to MR 3.1
Requirements Use salvaged, refurbished or reused materials for at least 10% of building (construction) materials, excluding furniture and furnishings.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met and listing each material or product used to meet the Credit. Include details demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of reused materials and products, showing their costs and the total cost of all materials for the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting salvaged and refurbished materials used on the project.
Provide statements from suppliers stating the salvaged or refurbished status of materials contributing to this Credit.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into project design and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry, brick and decorative items.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations For information on Credit Interpretations refer to MR Credit 3.1.
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Credit 3.2
Green Building Concerns Use of salvaged and refurbished materials in new building projects extends the life of materials and can reduce overall first costs of construction materials. Use of salvaged materials can also add character to the building and can be used effectively as architectural details. Some areas in Canada have well-developed markets for salvaged materials while other regions are just beginning to develop these markets. Environmental Issues Reuse strategies divert material from the construction waste stream, reducing the need for landfill space and environmental impacts pertaining to associated water and air contamination issues. Use of salvaged materials reduces the environmental impacts of producing new construction products and materials. These impacts are significant since buildings account for a large portion of our natural resources consumption, including 40% of raw stone, gravel and sand, and 25% of virgin wood. Economic Issues Some salvaged materials are more costly than new materials due to the high cost of labour involved in recovering and refurbishing processes. However, salvaged materials are often of higher quality and more durable than available new materials. Local demolition companies may be willing to sell materials recovered from existing buildings to avoid landfill tipping fees and to generate income. In some areas, municipalities and waste management companies have established facilities to sell salvaged building materials at landfill sites. Sometimes salvaged materials are offered at prices that appear to be costeffective but may include hidden costs such as the need for reprocessing, exorbitant transportation costs or liabilities associated with toxic contamination. Conversely, certain salvaged materials may be impossible to duplicate (such as turn-of-the century lumber and case-
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work) and may well be worth the higher cost compared to new but inferior materials. Community Issues By reusing locally obtained salvaged materials, local salvage businesses are supported. Also, saving landfill capacity benefits the community through lower tipping fees and fewer landfill sites overall.
Design Approach The objective of these credits is to recognize project teams that are able to identify and reuse existing materials found both on- and off-site. Furniture and furnishings (CSI Division 12 components) are excluded from the calculations for this credit, but covered by MR Credit 3.3. Also note that mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEP) components, along with appliances and equipment, may not be included in this credit. Table MR 11 clarifies materials covered by this credit. Materials Found On-Site For reused materials found on-site, there are two major groups. First are those items that were “fixed” components on-site before the project started. To qualify as reused, these fixed items must have been found to no longer be able to serve their original function, and must then have been reprocessed and installed for a different use. An example would be a fire door removed and modified to serve as the counter top for the receptionist station. The remaining fixed items, such as walls, ceilings and flooring are excluded from this credit, but are covered by MR Credit 1.2 and 1.3. The second type of reused materials found on-site are “finish” items that were kept and refurbished. These reused components may continue to serve their original function, but underwent refurbishment to become functional. An example would be refurbished door hardware.
Materials Found Off-Site Reused materials, acquired from off-site sources, qualify as reused only if they have been previously used. These materials may be purchased as salvaged, similar to any other project material, or they may be relocated from another of the occupant’s facilities. Strategies Identify opportunities to incorporate salvaged materials into project design and research potential reused material suppliers. Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry, brick and decorative items. Synergies and Trade-Offs The salvaged materials from both onsite and off-site can be applied to MR Credit 5, Regional Materials, if they comply with the requirements of that credit. Materials qualifying as reused for MR Credit 3.1 and 3.2, Resource Reuse, cannot be applied to MR Credits 1.2 & 1.3, 2.1 & 2.2, 3.3, 4.1 & 4.2, 6, or 7. Calculations To calculate the percentage of reused materials utilized in a project, use the LEED Letter Template which includes a table similar to Table MR 12. In the first column, list the salvaged materials. For items that were formerly fixed items
found on-site, indicate both the modified and former uses (i.e., wall paneling from wood flooring). In the second column indicate if the salvaged material came from on- or off-site. The third column follows the logic shown in Table MR 11. If the source of the item is on-site, indicate either that it is a fixed item that was salvaged and how the item was modified, or that it is a finish item that has been refurbished. If source of the item is off-site, indicate where it was acquired. The project owner is an acceptable source of off-site reusable materials.
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Enter the Replacement Value in the forth column on the right hand side of the table. When the cost of the reused or salvaged material is below the cost of an equivalent new item, use the higher cost as its Replacement Value. When the cost to reclaim an item found onsite is less than the cost of an equivalent new item, use the cost of the new item as the Replacement Value. Net Construction Material Value In determining the Net Construction Material Value there is a line for subtracting the MEP Material Cost of all mechanical, plumbing and electrical materials. The Net Construction Material Value is divided into the Total Salvaged Material Value to determine the Percent Salvaged.
Table MR 11 : Materials Covered by MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2
Used Materials Found On Site Fixed Items
Modified + New Use
Example: Door Converted to table Excluded: Items included in MR 1.2, 1.3 and 3.3, including demountable full-height walls; mechanical, electrical and plumbing fixtures; reused appliances & equipment.
Finish Items
Refurbished + Reused Same or New Use
Example: Door hardware refinished and reused Excluded: Items covered in MRc1.2, 1.3 and 3.3, including demountable full-height walls.
Used Materials Found Off Site Purchased from Others Same or New Use Example: Demountable full height walls. Exclude: Items covered in MRc3.3; mechanical, electrical and plumbing fixtures; appliances & equipment
Owned Same or New Use Example: Portable signage Excluded: Items covered in MRc3.3; mechanical, electrical & plumbing fixtures; appliances & equipment.
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Credits 3.1 + 3.2 Table MR 12 : Sample Spreadsheet Example for Salvaged Construction Materials
On-site/ Modification made to On-site Materials Off-site or Source of Off-site Salvaged Materials
Salvaged Material Wall paneling from wood flooring Stone Flooring Ceiling tiles Door Hardware Used demountable full-height walls Used demountable full-height walls
On Off Off On Off Off
Salvaged, re-milled Alpha Architectural Reuse Project owner's inventory Finish item refurbished XI Walls, salvaged Project owner's inventory Total Salvaged Material Value Total Construction Material Cost Less MEP Material Value Net Construction Material Value % Salvaged [14,490/183,034] MR 3.1 (5.0%) earned, but MR 3.2 (10.0%) was not earned
Exemplary Performance Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the next incremental percentage threshold is achieved. For resource reuse, the credit calculation must be 15% or greater.
Resources Websites California Materials Exchange: A program of the California Integrated Waste Management Board, this site allows users to exchange non-hazardous discarded materials online. (877) 520- 9703 Site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/CalMAX/ Building Materials Reuse Association (used to be Used Building Materials Association (UBMA): BMRA is a nonprofit, membership-based organization that represents companies and organizations involved in the acquisition and/or redistribution of used building materials. (877) 221-UBMA Site: http://www.ubma.org/ Athena Sustainable Materials Institute: The non-profit Athena Institute Canada Green Building Council
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Replacement Value [$] 4,000 3,640 2,000 1,750 2,200 1,100 14,690 341,214 -158,180 183,034 7.9%
is a premier North American source for building life-cycle analyses (LCA) and LCA data, with particular focus on the environmental attributes of building materials. The institute’s databases are regionally sensitive, taking into consideration manufacturing technology, transportation and electricity grid differences as well as recycled content differences for products produced in various regions. Athena databases use actual mill or engineered process models rather than aggregated trade or government data sources. Site: http://www.athenasmi.ca/index. html NMS (National Master Specification) Guide to Environmentally Responsible Specifications for New Construction and Renovations: This guideline has been prepared for designers and specifiers involved in Construction, Renovation and Demolition (CRD) projects for the Federal Government of Canada. The purpose of this guideline is to assist project practitioners in developing environmentally enhanced or “green” specifications for construction, renovation, repair and refit projects, including associated demolition work. Particular
emphasis is placed on the greening of the National Master Specification (NMS) as a primary instrument for communicating environmental responsibility in CRD projects. Neither document cover any of the function issues or testing that may be required to ensure the structural integrity or performance of a salvaged material. Site: http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/nms/content/const_ren_guide_toc-e.html Old to New: Design Guide, Salvaged Building Materials in New Construction. A useful and detailed guide book, produced by the Greater Vancouver Regional District, to the use of salvaged materials, with real-life case studies. Site: http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/buildsmart/ pdfs/OldtoNewDesignGuideFull.pdf Guide to Resource-Efficient Building Elements: The Center for Resourceful Building Technology Directory of environmentally responsible building products. This resource provides introductory discussions per topic and contact information for specific products, including salvaged materials. (The CRBT project is no longer active, and the CRBT website is no longer updated. The National Center for Appropriate Technology is providing this website for archival purposes). Site: http://www.crbt.org/index.html Habitat for Humanity ReStores: Habitat for Humanity Canada is a national nonprofit organization. ReStores are building supply stores that accept and resell quality new and used building materials. They generate funds to support Habitat’s building programs, while reducing the amount of used materials that are being sent to landfills. There are 50 stores located across Canada. Site: http://www.habitat.ca/restoresc3. php Green Building Resource Guide Salvaged Building Materials Exchange: A searchable database of salvaged building materials. Site: http://www.greenguide.com/exchange/search.html
Used Building Materials Exchange: A free marketplace for buying and selling recyclables and salvaged materials. (519) 767-2913 Site: http://www.build.recycle.net/
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Credit 3.1 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Print Media • Evaluation Framework for the Identification of Green Building Materials, Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services Canada. February 1996.
Credit 3.2
• Sawatsky, B. and J. Corson. Increasing the Volume of Used Building Materials in Canadian Construction. Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 1998. • The Environmentally Responsible Construction and Renovations Handbook. Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services Canada. March 2000. http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/realproperty/ text/pubs_ercr/toc-e.html • The Environmentally Responsible Green Office at a Glance. Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services Canada. March 2000. http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/realproperty/ text/pubs_ercr_guidebook/toc-e.html
Definitions Refurbished Materials: Include those materials that have been restored to serve in place of a new item. The refurbishing typically includes replacement of worn and non-functioning parts, and possibly refinishing. For the purposes of MR Credit 3.1 and 3.2, refurbished materials does not include furniture. Reused or Salvaged Materials: Include recovered construction materials reused in the project. Common salvaged materials include structural beams and posts, flooring, doors, cabinetry, brick and decorative items. Items that were never placed into service, but are being re-sold, are not salvaged materials. The Synergies and Trade-Offs section above provides detail on how the materials in this credit relate to other LEED CanadaCI credits. LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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Credit 3.1
Regional Variations The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
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Credit 3.2
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Resource Reuse, 30% Furniture and Furnishings
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Credit 3.3
Intent Reuse building products and materials in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources.
1 Point
Requirements Use salvaged, refurbished or used furniture and furnishings for 30% of the total furniture and furnishings budget.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, owner or other responsible party, declaring that the credit requirements have been met.
Provide a listing of the reused furniture and furnishings with their replacement value and documentation for the value of the balance of new furniture and furnishings.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide an inventory of all furniture and furnishings, those that qualify as reused, their source(s) and costs. Indicate how replacement values for salvaged, refurbished or used furniture and furnishings were determined.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Identify opportunities to salvage and reuse furniture into project design and research potential material suppliers. Consider salvaging and reusing systems furniture and furnishings such as case pieces, seating, filing systems, decorative lighting and accessories.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
It is recommended that project teams review the applicable LEED CanadaCI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
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Credit 3.3
Green Building Concerns
Calculations
Use of salvaged and refurbished materiFor commercial interiors projects, furniture is often the largest single purchase made. Reusing furniture and furnishings lessens the environmental impacts associated with disposal and additional manufacturing.
To calculate the percentage of reused furniture and furnishings used in a project, use the LEED Letter Template that includes a table similar to Table MR 13. Include only furniture and furnishings, components typically found in CSI MasterFormat™ Division 12, as in Table MR 14. Artwork, interior plants and musical instruments are excluded. The furniture and furnishings components are excluded from MR Credits 3.1 and 3.2.
Design Approach The objective of this credit is to recognize the environmental benefits of reusing furniture and furnishings, plus other reused materials itemized in the Construction Specification Institute MasterFormat™ Division 12. The salvage rate percentage is based upon calculations that include only the materials in Division 12, using replacement values. See Equation MR 3 where the numerator would be equal to the Total Division 12 Material Value, calculated in Table MR 13. Strategies Identify opportunities to reuse furniture from the occupant’s existing inventory or research and purchase used furniture from material suppliers.
The items covered by this credit must have been previously used, but are not limited by where they were located prior to their reuse on the project. There is no requirement that they be modified or refurbished. Calculations are based upon the replacement value of the reused furniture and furnishings. Replacement value is presumed to be greater than the market value; (the price that would be paid for the reused product in the market place). With justification, the project team may use replacement values greater than the amount paid for newly acquired refurbished product. When the determinations are being based on
Equation MR 3: Salvage Rate for Furniture and Furnishings Salvage Rate [%] =
Replacement Value of Reused Furniture and Furnishings Total Value of New and Reused Furniture and Furnishings
Table MR 13 : Spreadsheet Example for Salvaged Furniture and Furnishings Materials
Replacement Value [$]
Product Name
Source
Reused workstation Reused file cabinets
Owner's former site Zeta Old to Now Total Salvaged Material Value Total Division 12 Material Value % Salvaged [203,700/598,772] 34.0% > 30.0% MR 3.3 earned
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103,300 100,400 203,700 598,772 34.0%
comparable new products, consider using the discounted contract prices as opposed to the published list price. The replacement values used in MR Credit 3.3 are part of the Total Division 12 Material Value, which is also used in the calculations of MR Credits 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 and 6.
Replacement Value: Estimated cost that the project team establishes for the inventory of product reused on the project. It may be equal to the cost of the same quantity of new product. When the exact product is no longer available, establish cost based upon the use of products with comparable features.
Exemplary Performance
Regional Variations
Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the next incremental percentage threshold is achieved. For resource reuse of furniture and furnishings, the credit calculation must be 60% or greater.
The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
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Credit 3.3
Resources There are no resources for this credit.
Definitions Market Value: Presumed to be less than replacement value, equating either to the amount that was or would have been paid for the actual reused materials.
Table MR 14 : Division 12 Items
Construction Activity Fabrics Artwork (exclude from calculation) Key cabinets Hospital casework Window treatment Panels and dividers Furniture Furniture systems Furniture accessories Floor mats and frames Multiple seating Chairs Interior plants (exclude from calculation) Planters
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Credit 4.1 1 Point
Recycled Content, 10% (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer) Intent Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials.
Requirements Use materials, including furniture and furnishings, with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer recycled content plus 1/2 (one-half) of the preconsumer content constitutes at least 10% of the total value of the materials in the project. The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the total cost ($) of the item. Mechanical and electrical components shall not be included in this calculation. Plumbing products however may be included. Recycled content materials shall be defined in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission document, Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e), available at www. ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/guides980427.htm
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met and listing the recycled content products used. Include a completed Letter Template tables demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of recycled content materials and products and showing their cost and percentage(s) of post-consumer and/or pre-consumer content, and the total cost of all materials for the project (excluding mechanical and electrical equipment).
If Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) are used as part of the percentage recycled content, a letter signed by the concrete supplier/ manufacturer or professional engineer must be submitted that certifies the reduction in Portland cement from Base Mix to Actual SCM Mix (as a percentage), where Base Mix is defined in LEED reference guide calculations. This can be provided as a total reduction in Portland cement for all the concrete used on the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting recycled content materials installed.
Provide cut sheets, approved shop drawings, product literature or other documentation, such as letters from manufacturers that clearly indicate percentage by weight of post-consumer and/or pre-consumer recycled content for each recycled material installed.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of recycled content materials installed. Canada Green Building Council
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Summary of Referenced Standards FTC Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e): According to the guide: “A recycled content claim may be made only for materials that have been recovered or otherwise diverted from the solid waste stream, either during the manufacturing process (pre-consumer), or after consumer use (postconsumer). To the extent the source of recycled content includes pre-consumer materials, the manufacturer or advertiser must have substantiation for concluding that the pre-consumer material would otherwise have entered the solid waste stream. In asserting a recycled content claim, distinctions may be made between pre-consumer and post-consumer materials. Where such distinctions are asserted, any express or implied claim about the specific pre-consumer or post-consumer content of a product or package must be substantiated.
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Credit 4.1
“It is deceptive to misrepresent, directly or by implication, that a product or package is made of recycled material, which includes recycled raw material, as well as used, reconditioned and remanufactured components. Unqualified claims of recycled content may be made if the entire product or package, excluding minor, incidental components, is made from recycled material. For products or packages that are only partially made of recycled material, a recycled claim should be adequately qualified to avoid consumer deception about the amount, by weight, of recycled content in the finished product or package. Additionally, for products that contain used, reconditioned or remanufactured components, a recycled claim should be adequately qualified to avoid consumer deception about the nature of such components. No such qualification would be necessary in cases where it would be clear to consumers from the context that a product’s recycled content consists of used, reconditioned or remanufactured components.” See the FTC document for illustrative examples. Site: http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/guides980427.htm
Interpretations •
Note that materials included in CSI MasterFormatTM Division 12 (Furniture) must be included in the credit determination. More information is provided in LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 3.3.
•
The definition of recycled content materials in Canadian Standards Association CAN/CSA-ISO 14021-00 Environmental Labels and Declarations – Self-Declared Environmental Claims (Type II Environmental Labelling) (www.csa.ca) is deemed equivalent to that in the referenced standard: Federal Trade Commission document, Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e).
•
The requirements for this Credit specifically require that mechanical and electrical system components (e.g., HVAC equipment, ductwork, wiring and lighting fixtures and controls, etc.) be excluded from the credit calculations. Plumbing components, however, may be included in the calculations, but must be included consistently across all materials Credits that use total materials value to determine performance. If so, the project may not use the default materials cost value in the LEED Letter Template as the value for plumbing materials must be added into the materials cost total. If a project team chooses to include additional items as part of the base materials cost, such as elevators, appliances, hot tubs, or other semimechanical/electrical components, it should do so for all relevant materials Credits, which include MR Credits 3, 4, 5 and 6. It is necessary to be consistent with what materials costs are included in the LEED calculations. Furniture, permanent built-in exhibits etc., may also be included in these Credit calculations if it is in the project’s scope of work. LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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•
The Assembly Recycled Content methodology is based on weight and therefore does not fairly represent light-weight recycled products. In these circumstances, an alternative calculation methodology is to apply the Recycled Content Value methodology. This requires itemizing the materials/components that make up a system and determining both their individual costs as well as the percentage of post-consumer and preconsumer recycled content. Calculations done this way may result in a higher recycled content value in comparison to using the other method. Manufacturers should be able to provide individual costs and the respective recycled content for all the materials.
•
The Reference Guide allows a default value of 25% pre-consumer content for steel. To use higher recycled content values, it will be necessary to provide documentation that the steel used by the project is produced by the manufacturing process indicated, as well as documentation of the industry average recycled content for the various production processes indicated.
•
The use of Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) is handled differently within the calculation of the value of recycled content. The calculation is based on Portland cement reduction rather than using the weight of the concrete constituents. For the calculation, the percentage of Portland cement reduction (by mass) over the Portland cement content (by mass) of the Base Mix is used, and a multiplier factor of 2 is applied to this resulting percentage. The Base Mix is defined in LEED Reference Guide calculations. The adjusted percentage is multiplied by the total materials cost of concrete and formwork used in the project. All concrete must comply with CSA A23.1, and all SCMs must comply with CSA A3000.
•
In order to declare achievement of this Credit within the Letter Template, the project team should compile cut sheets, product literature (brochures) or other documentation that clearly indicate whether the material contains post-consumer or pre-consumer recycled materials or both, and what percentages by weight. If nothing else is available, obtain an official statement from the product manufacturer stating the recycled content percentage by weight and if the recycled content is post-consumer or preconsumer.
•
It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Credit 4.1 and 4.2 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
Credit 4.1
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Recycled Content, 20% (post-consumer + 1/2 pre-consumer)
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Credit 4.2
Intent Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, therefore reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials.
1 Point in addition to MR 4.1
Requirements Use materials, including furniture and furnishings, with recycled content such that the sum of post-consumer recycled content plus ½ (one-half) of the pre-consumer content constitutes at least 20% of the total value of the materials in the project. The value of the recycled content portion of a material or furnishing shall be determined by dividing the weight of recycled content in the item by the total weight of all material in the item, then multiplying the resulting percentage by the total cost ($) of the item. Mechanical and electrical components shall not be included in this calculation. Plumbing products however may be included. Recycled content materials shall be defined in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission document, Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, 16 CFR 260.7 (e), available at http:// www.ftc.gov/bcp/grnrule/guides980427.htm.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met and listing the recycled content products used. Include details demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of recycled content materials and products and showing their cost and percentage(s) of post-consumer and/or pre-consumer content, and the total cost of all materials for the project (excluding mechanical and electrical equipment).
If Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) are used as part of the percentage recycled content, a letter signed by the concrete supplier/ manufacturer or professional engineer must be submitted that certifies the reduction in Portland cement from Base Mix to Actual SCM Mix (as a percentage), where Base Mix is defined in LEED reference guide calculations. This can be provided as a total reduction in Portland cement for all the concrete used on the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide specifications and contractor submittals highlighting recycled content materials installed.
Provide cut sheets, approved shop drawings, product literature or other documentation, such as letters from manufacturers that clearly indicate percentage by weight of post-consumer and/or pre-consumer recycled content for each recycled material installed.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for recycled content materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of recycled content materials installed.
LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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Credit 4.2
Summary of Referenced Standards For a summary of the referenced standards, please see MR Credit 4.1.
Interpretations For information on Credit Interpretations refer to MR Credit 4.1
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Green Building Concerns Building products with recycled content are beneficial to the environment because they reduce virgin material use and solid waste volumes. The number of building products containing recycled content grows every year as recycling efforts increase and the marketplace for recycled materials develops. Many commonly used products are now available with recycled content including metals, concrete, masonry, acoustic tile, carpet, ceramic tile and insulation. Most recycled content products exhibit performance similar to products containing only virgin materials and can be incorporated into building projects with ease and minimal to no cost premium.
before being used again. Other postconsumer feedstock is generated when construction and demolition debris is recycled.
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Pre-Consumer Recycled Content
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By contrast pre-consumer (or post-industrial) recycled content comes from process waste that one industry has sold or traded with another through the marketplace. For instance, a composite board manufacturer may purchase (or haul away for free) sawdust from a lumber mill or waste straw from a wheat farm. This definition does not include in-house industrial scrap or trimmings, which are normally fed back into the same manufacturing process.
Credit 4.1
Credit 4.2
Assembly Recycled Content
Design Approach Strategies Establish a project goal for materials with recycled content and identify material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are purchased and installed. Use the construction submittal process to confirm compliance, such as coordinating supplier and subcontractor material costs with the recycled content indicated on the submittals. Calculations The credit is based on the sum of postconsumer content plus one-half of the pre-consumer (or post-industrial) content. To obtain these two values, the material cost of the separate products in the project is multiplied by its percentage of post-consumer and preconsumer content. The overall project recycled content value is determined using Equation MR 4. Post-Consumer Recycled Content The post-consumer recycled content comes from consumer waste, much of which comes from residential curbside recycling programs for aluminum, glass, plastic and paper. To be a feedstock, the raw materials need to have served a useful purpose in the consumer market
Assemblies include all products that are made of multiple materials, either in reaching a formulation for a material (i.e., concrete), or of all the sub-components (i.e., a workstation). For assembly recycled contents, the two values are the percents by weight of the post-consumer recycled content and the preconsumer recycled content, as shown in Equation MR 5. When there are subcomponents, the final two percentages must be determined by only using the weights of the smaller elements. The determination of the recycled contents of an assembly should not be confused with the calculation that is shown in Equation MR 4, where the final value is expressed in dollars. No consideration is given to relative costs of the materials or the sub-components. In the example of the workstation, a pound of steel in a storage unit is of equal significance as a pound of fabric on a panel. Supplementary Cementing Materials (SCMs) The percentage of Portland Cement Reduction (by mass) over the Portland Cement Content of Base Mix (by mass) is used in the calculations, a multiplier factor of 2 is applied to this resulting percentage as shown in Equation MR 6. Expressing SCMs as a percentage of total weight of concrete components LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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Credit 4.1 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 4.2
does not give sufficient incentive to increase the levels of SCMs (and hence reduce the amount of Portland cement in concrete). The original formula was not sensitive to changes in levels of SCMs, because SCMs are a very small fraction of the weight of concrete. The x-2 multiplier is a further adjustment to account for the environmental merits of reducing Portland cement by substituting it with SCMs. The percentage from Equation MR 6 is then used in the LEED Letter Template in the % Post-Industrial Recycled Content column (SCMs are post-industrial wastes). The materials cost of formwork for castin-place concrete is included in the calculation of costs. Without it the cost of concrete is substantially less than other structural materials. This skews the results and does not give incentive for reducing Portland cement. Other structural materials, such as structural steel and precast concrete, do include the costs of formwork for the materials they are just hidden in the final fabricated material delivered to site. The ‘cost’ of the material should, therefore, include all materials to produce the final product. The recycled content value of concrete containing recycled aggregates is cal-
culated as a separate line item in the LEED Letter Template using Equation MR 4. For SCM concrete containing recycled aggregates, the LEED Letter Template includes one line item for the Portland cement reduction calculation and a separate line item for the recycled aggregate content value calculation. Table MR 15 shows a sample calculation of the assembly recycled contents for a hypothetical concrete mix.The cement type selected includes a small amount of pre-consumer content. The fly ash is a by-product of coal-fired electrical generation, and slag from steel production. The aggregate comes from concrete demolition that has been recycled, ground and washed. Even though the patch plant recaptures the water it uses in cleaning the trucks and bins, unfortunately this environmentally responsible practice cannot be counted as being pre-consumer. Systems Furniture In LEED Canada-CI, those materials listed in CSI MasterFormatTM Division 12 (Furniture) are to be included in the calculation of MR Credits 4.1 and 4.2. This CSI category includes systems furniture. To facilitate the credit calculation, the applicant may use the percentages of post-consumer and pre-consumer (post-industrial) recycled content deter-
Equation MR 4: Project Recycled Content Value Recycled [$] = Material or [$] x Recycled [%] Content Value Product Cost Content
Equation MR 5: Assembly Recycled Content Material Weight [kg] x Recycled Content [%] Assembly Recycled [%] = Content Total Weight [kg]
Equation MR 6: Percentage of Portland Cement Reduction Portland Cement Reduction (as a percentage) = [(Portland Cement Content of Base Mix – Portland Cement Content in Actual SCM Mix) x 100] x 2 Portland Cement Content of Base Mix Canada Green Building Council
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mined by the product manufacturer for the typical workstation configuration that best represents their project installation. This approach also may be used in calculating MR Credits 6 and 7. For use in this credit, The Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer’s Association (BIFMA) International has defined typical workstation configurations for both open plan and private offices. They are available at www.bifma. org. Using these typical configurations, the individual manufacturers have determined the recycled content percentages for their individual product lines. Table MR 16 is an example of a manufacturer’s calculation. Project teams should obtain this documentation from the manufacturer should the credit be audited. Project teams, most likely in conjunction with their furniture supplier, will need to segregate their total new furniture costs into segments that correspond to the industry typical configurations for each manufacturer and product line. These segment values are then multiplied by the manufacturer’s recycled content percentages for the credit calculation. See Table MR 17. This approach was developed so project teams would not have to build the credit values starting from individual workstation component counts, costs and recycled content percentages. However, when a project team has pur-
chased components that have recycled contents outside a 5% range of those used in manufacturer’s published percentages for the typical configurations, they will need to obtain project specific detail. This may occur when special green materials have been specified. In this case, request that the manufacturer prepare an assembly recycled content calculation, similar to Table MR 16, for the actual products purchased.
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Credit 4.1 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 4.2
Other products, such as seating, storage and conference tables, are not included in the typical configurations. For some of these items there are consistent attributes across a product line: the recycled content of a steel three-drawer file will be the same as that in the fivedrawer variety. When this is the case, identify the dollar amount for all those products used on the project within the product line and multiply by the recycled content percentages. When this is not the case, individual products must be addressed separately. Materials costs exclude installations and shipping costs (e.g., labour and equipment). Table MR 17 shows examples of both situations. Default Recycled Content For steel products where no recycled content information is provided, assume the recycled content to be 25% post-consumer. No other material has been recognized as having a similar consistent minimum recycled content.
Table MR 15 : Sample Assembly Recycled Contents Calculation for Concrete
Components Cement Fly Ash Water Slag Recycled Concrete Aggregate Sand Sample Totals
Weight Post-Consumer [kg] % Weight [kg] 127.9 127.9 124.7 340.2 453.6 544.3 1718.7
Post-Consumer Content [453.6/1718.7] Pre-Consumer Content [480.8/1718]
100%
Pre-Consumer % Weight [kg] 10% 100%
12.7 127.9
100%
340.2
453.6 453.6
480.8
26.4% 28.0%
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Credit 4.2
Exclusions
Resources
Mechanical and electrical systems components are not to be included in this credit calculation. Plumbing products however may be included at the discretion of the project team. If plumbing products are included for this credit, they must also be included in the denominator for MR Credit 5, Regional Materials. Also excluded from the credit calculation is the salvaged and refurbished material value of “reused resources,” those that meet the definitions found in LEED Canada-CI MR Credits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3.
Websites Athena Sustainable Materials Institute: The Institute’s databases are regionally sensitive, taking into consideration manufacturing technology, transportation and electricity grid differences as well as recycled content differences for products produced in various regions. The databases are built from the ground up using actual mill or engineered process models and are not reliant on trade or government data sources. Site: http://www.athenasmi.ca
No default materials value
Recycled Materials. Design for Environment Guide. Industrial Research Assistance Program: National Research Council Canada. Site: http://dfe-sce.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/dfestra/dfestra3/dfestra3_4_e.html
In the LEED Canada-CI Rating System there is no default relationship between the value ($) of materials and total construction costs: nothing similar to the 45% used in LEED Canada-NC has been found consistent for commercial interior projects. Exemplary Performance Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the requirements reach the next incremental step. For recycled content, the credit calculation must be 30% or greater.
The Environmental Choice Program (ECP) - Criteria Documents: A list of over 100 criteria documents that provide specific criteria for green products or services. The EcoLogo is a registered mark of Environment Canada. The Environmental Choice Program is operated by TerraChoice Environmental Services Inc. under a license agreement with Environment Canada. Site: http://www.environmentalchoice. com/index_main.cfm
Table MR 16 : Sample Assembly Recycled Content for a BIFMA Typical Workstation Configuration Lambda Furniture High End Workstations Wkstn Configuration 0010
Manufacturer Product Line BIFMA Typical Configuration
Post-Consumer
Component
Component Weight [kg]
Aluminum Wood Steel Textile Other
25.0 35.0 650.0 20.0 23.0 753.0
% 53% 3% 22% 100% 0%
Weight [kg] 13.30 1.10 143.00 20.00 0.00 177.40
Post-Consumer Content [177.4/753.0] Pre-Consumer Content [74.8/341.6]
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Pre-Consumer Weight [kg]
% 47% 87% 5% 0% 0%
11.8 30.5 32.5 0 0 74.8 23.6% 9.9%
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Credits 4.1 + 4.2 Table MR 17 : Sample MR 4.1 and 4.2 Recycled Content Spreadsheet Product Cost
Post% Post% PreConsumer Consumer Consumer Value
PreConsumer Value
Recycled Content Information Source
Product
Company
Steel lintel
Alpha Steel
400
25.0%
100
0.0%
0
Wheat board shelving
Beta Mills
1,950
0.0%
0
100.0%
1,950
Fireproofing
Gamma Insulation
3,300
25.0%
825
0.0%
0
Product brochure
Metal doors & frames
Delta Doors
920
59.0%
543
31.9%
293
Product brochure
25% rule for steel Cut sheet
Rolling service door
Epsilon Specials
2,100
55.0%
1,155
27.9%
586
Product brochure
Glass side lights
Zeta Glaze
4,500
10.0%
450
5.8%
261
Cut sheet
Gypsum wall board
Eta Wall
9,900
20.0%
1,980
0.0%
0
Acoustic ceilings
Theta Tiles
3,680
42.4%
1,560
20.6%
758
Acoustic insulation
Iota Insulates
2,340
0.0%
0
75.0%
1,755
Letter from factory
Carpet tile
Kappa Karpet
63,293
38.0%
24,051
6.8%
4,304
Product brochure
Systems Furniture, new
Lambda Furniture
288,366
23.6%
68,054
9.9%
28,548
Manufacturer's typical
Seating
Lambda Furniture
59,253
26.0%
15,406
11.7%
6,933
Manufacturer's detail
Conference tables
Mu Mills
19,751
2.8%
553
81.0%
15,998
Product brochure
File Cabinets
Mu Mills
27,652
22.0%
6,083
5.0%
1,383
Product brochure
Subtotals Total Construction Material Value Less Mechanical and Electrial Material Value Less MR 3.1 and 3.2 Value (no MEP Salvage) Net Construction Material Value
$120,760
$62,769 $341,214 -158,180 -12,640 $170,394
Divisions 12 Material Value
598,772
Less MR 3.3 Value
-203,700
Net Project Material Value % Post-Consumer = 1/2 Pre-Consumer [(120,760 + 0.5 x 62,769) / 565,466]
National Master Specification Guide to Environmentally Responsible Specifications for New Construction and Renovations: Prepared for designers and specifiers involved in Construction, Renovation and Demolition (CRD) projects for the Federal Government of Canada. The purpose of this guideline is to assist project practitioners in developing environmentally enhanced or “green” specifications for construction, renovation, repair and refit projects, including associated demolition work. Particular emphasis is placed on the greening of the National Master Specification (NMS) as a primary instrument for communicating environmental responsibility in CRD projects. Site: http://www.pwgsc.gc.ca/nms/content/const_ren_guide_toc-e.html
Letter from factory Product brochure
$565,466 26.9%
MR 4.1 and Mr 4.2 earned 26.9% > 20%
Recycled Content Product Directory: A searchable database for recycled content products, developed by the California Integrated Waste Management Board. (916) 341-6606 Site: http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/rcp/ GreenSpec: Detailed listings for more than 2,000 green building products, including environmental data, manufacturer information and links to additional resources. (802) 257-7300 Site: http://www.buildinggreen.com/ menus/ Guide to Resource-Efficient Building Elements: The Center for Resourceful Building Technology Directory of environmentally responsible building products. This resource provides introductory discussions per topic and conLEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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Credit 4.1 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 4.2
tact information for specific products, including salvaged materials. (The CRBT project is no longer active, and the CRBT website is no longer updated. The National Center for Appropriate Technology is providing this website for archival purposes). Site: http://www.crbt.org/index.html Oikos: A searchable directory of resource-efficient building products and sustainable design educational resources. Site: http://www.oikos.com/ U.S. EPA Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines Program: Contains EPA information on recycled content materials with guidelines for recycled percentages. Includes a searchable database of suppliers. Site: http://www.epa.gov/cpg/products. htm
Print Media • The Environmentally Responsible Construction and Renovations Handbook. Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services Canada. March 2000. www.pwgsc. gc.ca/realproperty/text/pubs_ercr/toce.html. • The Environmentally Responsible Green Office at a Glance. Environment Canada and Public Works and Government Services Canada. March 2000. www.pwgsc.gc.ca/realproperty/text/ pubs_ercr_guidebook/toc-e.html.
Definitions Assembly Recycled Content: Includes the percentages of post-consumer and pre-consumer content. The determination is made by dividing the weight of the recycled content by the overall weight of the assembly. Net Project Material Value: Determined for a credit based on those material components to be considered in determining the percentage earned. It is the denominator of the calculation. For LEED Canada-CI MR Credits 4.1 and 4.2 the Net Project Material Value includes the Construction Material Value and the Canada Green Building Council
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Division 12 (Furniture & Furnishings) Material Value, less the material value of mechanical and electric components, and the salvage value identified in LEED Canada-CI MR Credits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3. The material value of plumbing, to the extent included in the numerator, must be included in the Net Project Material Value. Post-Consumer recycled content: Consumer waste that has become a raw material (feedstock) for another product. It originates from products that have served a useful purpose in the consumer market. Much of this feedstock comes from residential and commercial (office) recycling programs for aluminum, glass, plastic and paper. Other post-consumer feedstock is supplied by businesses that recycle construction and demolition debris. Pre-Consumer recycled content: Previously referred to as Post-Industrial Content, is output from a process that has not been used as part of a consumer product, that is sold, traded, or exchanged under commercial terms (including auditable transactions between profit centers within an organization) as feedstock for another industrial process, and that would otherwise be landfilled, incinerated or somehow disposed of as a waste, as defined by the Federal Trade Commission. For instance, a composite board manufacturer may purchase (or haul away for free) sawdust from a lumber mill or waste straw from a wheat farm. Wood chips would not fit this definition.
Regional Variations The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
Regional Materials, 20% Manufactured Regionally
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 5.1
Intent Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional economy and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.
1 Point
Requirements Use a minimum of 20% of the combined value of construction and Division 12 (Furniture) materials and products that are manufactured regionally within a radius of 800 kilometres (500 miles). Manufacturing refers to the final assembly of components into the building product that is furnished and installed by the tradesmen. For example, if the hardware comes from Dallas, Texas, the lumber from Vancouver, British Columbia and the joist is assembled in Kent, Washington, then the location of the final assembly is Kent, Washington.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met. Include calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of regional materials/products and showing their cost, distance from project to the site of final manufacture, and the total cost of all materials for the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide product cut sheets, product literature, letters from the manufacturers or other evidence showing the distances and modes of transportation from the final point of manufacture to the project site.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
Note that materials included in CSI MasterFormatTM Division 12 (Furniture) are to be included in the credit determination. More information is provided in LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 3.3.
•
To generate a total materials value, materials in CSI MasterFormat Divisions 2 through 12 must be included. If a project team chooses to include additional items as part of the base material cost, it should do so for all relevant material Credits, which include MR Credits 3, 4, 5 and 6.
•
Division 15 and 16 cannot be included in calculations for MR Credits 5.1 and 5.2. These Divisions are omitted from MR Credits so that high-priced equipment cannot skew the results depending on project type, and to maintain consistency between MR Credits 3 – 6.
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•
Credit 5.1
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It is also recommended that project teams review the applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
Regional Materials, 10% Extracted and Manufactured Regionally
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 5.2
Intent Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the regional economy and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation.
1 Point in addition to MR 5.1
Requirements In addition to the requirements of MR 5.1, use a minimum of 10% of the combined value of construction and Division 12 (Furniture) materials and products extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 800 kilometres (500 miles) of the project.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met. Include calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of regional materials/products and showing their cost, distance from project to furthest site of extraction or manufacture, and the total cost of all materials for the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide product cut sheets, product literature, letters from the manufacturers or other evidence showing the distances from the final point of manufacture to the project site, and the distances from the materials extraction to the project site.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations For information on Credit Interpretations refer to MR Credit 5.1.
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Credit 5.1 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 5.2
Green Building Concerns By purchasing regionally manufactured building materials, the local economy is supported, transportation costs and environmental impacts are reduced, and money paid for these materials is retained in the region, supporting the regional economy. The availability of regionally manufactured building materials is dependent on the project location. In some areas, the majority of products needed for the project can be obtained within a 800 km (500-mile) radius. In other areas, only a small portion or none of the building materials can be sourced locally. It also is important to address the source of raw materials used to manufacture building products. Raw materials for some building products are harvested or extracted far from the point of manufacture, contributing to air and water pollution due to environmental impacts associated with transportation between the point of extraction and the point of manufacture. Environmental Issues The use of regional building materials reduces transportation activities and the accompanying pollution associated with delivering materials to the job site. Trucks, trains, ships and other vehicles deplete finite reserves of fossil fuels and generate air pollution. By selecting building materials that are produced from regional materials, transportation impacts are further reduced. Economic Issues Regional building materials are more cost effective for projects due to decreased transportation costs. Also, the support of regional manufacturers and labour forces retains capital for the community, contributing to a more stable tax base and a healthier local economy. Community Issues Regional building materials are often consistent with regional design aesthetics and are sometimes more responsive to the local climate when compared with materials from other regions. The
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use of regional building materials supports the regional economy, helping to strengthen the local community and contribute to a high quality of life.
Design Approach Strategies Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify materials and material suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the specified local materials are installed, and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. Synergies and Trade-Offs Material values used in MR Credits 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 4.2, 6 and 7 may also be used in these credits. Calculations Use the LEED Letter Templates to list those products that satisfy the requirements of the credits. Indicate the name of the manufacturer, the distance between the project site and the manufacturer, the product cost, and the distance between the project site and the extraction site for each product. In LEED Canada-CI, furniture and furnishings (CSI Division 12 components) must be included in the calculations for this credit. Additional information is included under LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 3.3. Exclusions Mechanical and electrical systems components are not included in this credit calculation. Plumbing products however may be included at the discretion of the project team. If plumbing products are included for this credit, they must also be included in the denominator for MR Credit 4, Recycled Content. Reused and Salvaged Materials Reused and salvaged materials that satisfy the requirements of MR Credits 3.1, 3.2 and 3.3, may also contribute to MR Credits 5.1 and 5.2. The location from which they were salvaged may be used as the point of manufacture, and the location where they were originally
manufactured may be used as the point of extraction. For a material with more than one point of manufacture or extraction, all within the 800 km (500-mile) radius, list a single item with the greatest distance. If a portion of the material was either manufactured or extracted beyond the 800 km radius, list only that portion satisfying the credit requirement. For assemblies or products manufactured within the 800 km (500-mile) radius but containing only some components that also were extracted within the 800 km radius, use multiple lines in the Letter Template. Base the proportionality of such products’ costs on the weight of their various components, as clarified by the example for concrete shown in Table MR 18 and Table MR 19. Exemplary Performance For regionally manufactured materials, the credit calculation must be 40% or greater. For regionally extracted materials, the calculation must be 20% or greater.
Resources
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Check with the local chamber of commerce and regional and provincial economic development agencies for building materials manufacturers in the area.
Credit 5.1 SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 5.2
Definitions Regionally Extracted Materials: Must have their source as a raw material from within a 800 km (500-mile) radius of the project site. Regionally Manufactured Materials: Must be assembled as a finished product within a 800 km (500-mile) radius of the project site. Assembly, as used for this credit definition, does not include on-site assembly, erection or installation of finished components, as in structural steel, miscellaneous iron or systems furniture.
Regional Variations The emphasis of this Credit is to encourage the use of regional building products. Those cities in regions with a diverse and concentrated manufacturing base clearly have greater opportunity for meeting the requirements.
Table MR 18 : Sample Assembly Percent Regionally Extracted Calculation for Concrete
Weight
Components
[kg]
Cement Fly Ash Water Slag Recycled Concrete Aggregate Sand Component Totals
282 282 275 750 1000 1200 3789
Distance Between Project & Extraction Site [km] 1250 125 10 370 8 18
Percent Regionally Extracted Materials [3507/3789]
Weight Contributing to Regional Extraction [kg] 0 282 275 750 1000 1200 3507 92.6%
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Credits 5.1 + 5.2
Omega Mix Omega Mix Zeta Panels CN Casework Ku Gyps XI Floors Omicron Luminaire
Furniture, reused
P1 Works
8 8 40 32 515 32 442
926 74 6,000 30,000 9,900 2,640 21,000
72
203,700 $274,240
Product Cost [$]
Concrete (man. & ext.) Concrete (manufactured) Wood Paneling Casework Gypsum Wall Wood Flooring, salvaged Ceiling light fixtures
Distance Between Project & Extraction Site [km]
Manufacturer
Product Cost [$]
Product
Distance Between Project & Manufacturer [km]
Table MR 19 : Sample MR 5.1 and 5.2 Regional Materials Spreadsheet
Regional Content Information Source
595
926 Letter from supplier
502
Contractor Submittal Letter from fabricator 9,900 Letter from fabricator Cut sheet Product brochure Letter from prev. owner $10,826
Total Construction Material Value $341,214 Division 12 Material Value $598,772 Total Project Material Value $939,986 % Manufactured Regionally [274,240 / 939,986]
29.2%
% Both Manufactured & Extracted Regionally [10,826 / 939,986]
1.2%
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29.2% > 20% MR 5.1 earned 1.1% < 10% MR 5.2 not earned
Rapidly Renewable Materials
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 6
Intent Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials.
1 Point
Requirements Use rapidly renewable construction and Division 12 (Furniture and Furnishings) materials and products, made from plants that are typically harvested within a 10-year or shorter cycle, for 5% of the total value ($) of all materials and products used in the project.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met. Include calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of rapidly renewable products. Show their cost and percentage of rapidly renewable components, and the total cost of all materials for the project.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide approved shop drawings, manufacturers’ product literature, and/ or statements from manufacturers highlighting each rapidly renewable materials installed.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for rapidly renewable materials and identify materials and suppliers that can achieve this goal. Consider materials such as bamboo flooring, wool carpets, PLA fiber carpets, straw board, cotton batt insulation, linoleum flooring, poplar OSB, sun flower seed board, wheatgrass cabinetry and others. During construction, ensure that the specified rapidly renewable materials are installed.
Summary of Referenced Standards There are no referenced standards for this Credit.
Interpretations •
Note that materials included in CSI MasterFormatTM Division 12 (Furniture) are to be included in the credit determination. More information is provided in LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 3.3.
•
It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Credit 6 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
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Credit 6
Green Building Concerns Many conventional building materials require large inputs of land, natural resources, capital and time. Conversely, rapidly renewable materials generally require less of these inputs and are therefore likely to be more environmentally responsible. Rapidly renewable resources are those materials that substantially replenish themselves faster than traditional extraction demand (i.e., planted and harvested in less than a 10-year cycle). Environmental Issues Rapidly renewable resources sometimes provide the opportunity to displace raw materials that have greater environmental impacts. Common examples include composite panels that are made from agricultural fiber such as wheat, substituting for composite wood panels. Irresponsible forestry practices cause ecosystem and habitat destruction, soil erosion and stream sedimentation. Rapidly renewable crops require significantly less land—often due to higher density and shorter growing cycles—to produce the same amount of end product, and are often by-products that are otherwise considered waste. Bio-based plastics (e.g., from corn starch) and other rapidly renewable resources are beginning to provide alternatives to some petroleum-based plastics such as fabrics produced from PLA, a corn derivative. Economic Issues Because rapidly renewable resources may be harvested more quickly, they tend to give a faster payback on investment for manufacturers. As demand increases, they are expected to become cost-competitive with conventional materials. Community Issues The land saved from the production requirements of rapidly renewable resources may be used for a variety of other uses, including open space and other agricultural products. Rapidly renewable materials, by virtue of a more
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consistent harvesting cycle, may sustain a community over a longer period than the steady and eventual depletion of finite resources or the degradation of a productive ecosystem.
Design Approach Strategies Begin by establishing a project goal for the use of rapidly renewable materials and incorporate it into project specifications and plans. Next, identify the materials and suppliers that meet the stated criteria and can achieve the project goal. See examples of rapidly renewable materials in Table MR 20. During construction, ensure that the specified rapidly renewable materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of these materials. Table MR 20 : Rapidly Renewable Materials
Examples of Rapidly Renewable Materials Bamboo flooring Cotton batt insulation Linoleum flooring Sunflower seed board Wheatgrass cabinetry Wool carpet Synergies and Trade-Offs Because some products made from rapidly renewable resources are relatively new, their long-term performance characteristics may be unknown. For example, the performance and stability of bamboo flooring has improved in recent years through the use of laminated layers of the material. Therefore it is important to evaluate a product’s performance history prior to specifying. Some products made from rapidly renewable materials contain adhesives that may off-gas contaminants and have a negative impact on indoor air quality. Rapidly renewable materials costs can also be applied to MR Credits 5 and 7 if the materials meet the credit requirements.
Calculations Identify those products that are considered to be rapidly renewable. Sum all rapidly renewable materials costs and divide by the total project material value ($), as shown in Equation MR 7. Assembly Rapidly Renewable Content Assemblies include all products that are made of multiple materials, either in reaching a formulation for a material (i.e., particle board), or of all the subcomponents (i.e., a worksurface). The determination of the rapidly renewable content of an assembly should not be confused with the calculation that is shown in Equation MR 7, where the final value is expressed in dollars. For assembly rapidly renewable content, the value is the percent by weight. Table MR 21 is an example of a manufacturer’s workstation product lines using one of the BIFMA typical workstation configurations. When there are sub-components, the final percentage must be determined by only using the weights of the smaller
elements. No consideration is given to relative costs of the sub-components. In the example shown in Table MR 21, only 75% by weight of the top veneer is bamboo and counts toward the rapidly renewable content.
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 6
Systems Furniture In LEED Canada-CI, those materials listed in CSI MasterFormatTM Division 12 (Furniture) are to be included in the calculation of MR Credit 6. This CSI category includes systems furniture. To facilitate the credit calculation, the applicant may use the percentages of rapidly renewable content determined by the product manufacturer for the typical workstation configuration that best represents their project installation. This approach also may be used in calculating MR Credits 4 and 7. For use in this credit, BIFMA International has defined typical workstation configurations for both open plan and private offices. They are available at www.bifma.org. Using these typical configurations, the individual manufacturers have determined the rapidly renewable content percentages for their
Equation MR 7: Rapidly Renewable Material Portion Rapidly Renewable Material Portion
[%] =
Rapidly Renewable Material Costs [$] Total Project Material Value [$]
Table MR 21: Sample Assembly Rapidly Renewable Content for a BIFMA Typical Configuration
Manufacturer Product Line BIFMA Typical Configuration Component Wheat Board Top Veneer Other Wood
Weight [kg] 12.7 1.8 327.0 341.5
Lambda Furniture High End Workstations Wkstn Configuration 0010 Weigh Contributing to Percent Rapidly Rapidly Renewable Renewable Content [kg] 100% 75% 0%
Percent Rapidly Renewable [31.0 / 753.0]
12.7 1.4 0.0 14.1 4.1%
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Credit 6
individual product lines. Table MR 21 is an example of a manufacturer’s calculation. Project teams should have this documentation from the manufacturer available should the credit be audited. Project teams, most likely in conjunction with their furniture supplier, will need to segregate their total new furniture costs into segments that correspond to the industry-typical configurations for each manufacturer and product line. These segment values are then multiplied by the manufacturer’s rapidly renewable content percentages for the credit calculation. See Table MR 22. This approach was developed so project teams would not have to build the credit values starting from individual workstation component counts, costs and rapidly renewable content percentages. However, when a project team has purchased components that have rapidly renewable contents outside a 5% range of those used in the manufacturer’s published percentages for the typical configurations, they will need to obtain project specific detail. This may occur when special green materials have been specified. In this case, request that the manufacturer prepare an assembly rapidly renewable content calculation, similar to Table MR 21, for the actual products purchased.
Other products, such as seating, storage and conference tables, are not included in the typical configurations. For some of these items there are consistent attributes across a product line: the rapidly renewable content of a 0.9 m (36”) diameter table will be the same as that in the 1.8 m (72”) variety. When this is the case, identify the dollar amount for all those products used on the project within the product line and multiply by the rapidly renewable percentages. When this is not the case, individual products must be addressed separately. Table MR 22 shows examples of both situations. Exclusions Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems components are not to be included in this credit calculation. Note that the denominator of Equation MR 7 will differ from that of MR Credit 4, Recycled Content, and MR Credit 5, Regional Materials, if plumbing products are included for those two credits. No default materials value In the LEED Canada-CI Rating System there is no default relationship between the value of materials and total construction: nothing similar to the 45% relationship used in LEED Canada-NC has been found consistent for commercial interior projects.
Table MR 22 : Spreadsheet Example for Rapidly Renewable Materials Product
Product name
Company
Countertops - wheatboard
Rho Tops
Casework
Sigma Mill
Linoleum flooring
Tau Floors
Bamboo window blinds
Upsilon Shades
Systems Furniture, new
Lambda Cubicles
Tables, new
Mu Mills
6,700
30.0%
30,000
50.0%
Renewable Value $
Rapidly renewable content info. Source
2,010
Letter
15,000
Letter
882
60.0%
529
14,079
75.0%
10,559
228,366
4.1%
9,363
Manufacturer's typical
19,751
88.4%
17,460
Manufacturer's detail
Rapidly Renewable Materials Subtotal
$
Total Construction Material Value
$
Cut sheet Product literature
54,921 341,214
Division 12 Material Value
598,772
Total Project Material Value
939,986
% Rapidly Renewable Value [54,921 / 939,986]
5.8%
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$
% Renewable
5.8 % > 5.0 % MR 6 earned
Resources
Definitions
Websites The Environmental Choice Program (ECP) - Criteria Documents: A list of criteria documents that provide the specific criteria for green products. The EcoLogo is a registered mark of Environment Canada. The Environmental Choice Program is operated by TerraChoice Environmental Services Inc. under a license agreement with Environment Canada. Site: http://www.environmentalchoice. com/index_main.cfm
Rapidly Renewable Materials: Considered to be an agricultural product, both fiber and animal, that takes 10 years or less to grow or raise, and to harvest in an ongoing and sustainable fashion.
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 6
Regional Variations The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
Bamboo Flooring: An article in Environmental Building News on bamboo flooring, including a listing of bamboo flooring suppliers. (802) 257-7300 Site: http://www.buildinggreen.com/ auth/article.cfm?fileName=061005c.xml Highlights of Environmental Flooring: An Environmental Design + Construction article providing information on bamboo flooring, linoleum and wool carpeting. Site: http://www.edcmag.com/ (search for Highlights of Environmental Flooring) GreenSpec: Detailed listings for more than 2,000 green building products, including environmental data, manufacturer information and links to additional resources. (802) 257-7300 Site: http://www.buildinggreen.com/ menus/ Renewable Materials. Design for Environment Guide. Industrial Research Assistance Program: National Research Council Canada. Site: http://dfe-sce.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/dfestra/dfestra3/dfestra3_2_e.html Oikos: A searchable directory of resource-efficient building products and sustainable design educational resources. Site: http://www.oikos.com/
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Credit 7
Certified Wood Intent Encourage environmentally responsible forest management.
1 Point
Requirements When using new wood-based products and materials, use a minimum of 50% that are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council’s Principles and Criteria. Division 12 (Furniture) material value is included in the determination of the certified wood content.
Submittals
Provide the LEED Letter Template, signed by the architect, interior designer, or other responsible party, declaring that the Credit Requirements have been met and listing the FSC-certified materials and products used. Include calculations demonstrating that the project incorporates the required percentage of FSC-certified materials/products and their cost together with the total cost of all wood-based materials for the project. For each material/product used to meet these requirements, provide the vendor’s or manufacturer’s Forest Stewardship Council chain-of-custody certificate number.
If an audit of this Credit is requested during the certification process:
Provide vendor invoices and/or letters from suppliers for each product installed that clearly demonstrates supplied wood products meet FSC certification requirements. Documentation should reference the vendor’s chain-of-custody certificate number and identify certified products on an item-by-item basis.
Potential Technologies & Strategies Establish a project goal for FSC-certified wood products and identify suppliers that can achieve this goal. During construction, ensure that the FSC-certified wood products are installed and quantify the total percentage of FSC-certified wood products installed.
Summary of Referenced Standards Forest Stewardship Council’s Principles and Criteria: Certification is a “seal of approval” awarded to forest managers who adopt environmentally and socially responsible forest management practices and to companies that manufacture and sell products made from certified wood. Certification enables consumers, including architects and specifiers, to identify and procure wood products from well-managed sources and thereby use their purchasing power to influence and reward improved forest management activities around the world. LEED accepts certification established by the internationally recognized Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). FSC was created in 1993 to establish international forest management standards (known as the FSC Principles and Criteria) to assure that forestry practices are environmentally responsible, socially beneficial and economically viable. These Principles and Criteria ensure the long-term health and productivity of forests for timber production, wildlife habitat, clean air and water supplies, climate stabilization, spiritual renewal and social benefit, such as lasting community employment derived from stable forestry operations. FSC also accredits and monitors certification organizations. These “certifiers” are independent, third-party auditors that are qualified to annually evaluate compliance with FSC Canada Green Building Council
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standards and to award certifications. There are two types of certification: • Forest Management Certification is awarded to responsible forest managers after their operations successfully complete audits of forestry practices and plans.
SS WE EA MR EQ ID
Credit 7
• Chain of Custody Certification is awarded after companies that process, manufacture and/or sell products made of certified wood successfully complete audits to ensure proper use of the FSC name and logo, segregation of certified and non-certified materials in manufacturing and distribution systems, and observation of other relevant FSC rules (i.e., meeting minimum requirements for FSC fiber content in assembled and composite wood products). The majority of FSC certification audits performed in North America are conducted by SmartWood and Scientific Certification Systems (SCS), which are based in the United States. A limited number are performed by SGS, which is based in Europe. Site: http://www.fscus.org
Interpretations •
Note that materials included in CSI MasterFormatTM Division 12 (Furniture) are to be included in the credit determination. More information is provided in LEED Canada-CI MR Credit 3.3.
•
Credit Interpretation LEED-NC Version 2 MR Credit 7 dated 6/3/2002 makes the following amendment: “The calculations for certified wood shall exclude the value of any post-consumer recycled wood fiber content of a product that qualifies to be counted under Credit 4, Recycled Content Materials.”
•
Currently, only FSC-certified wood products are acceptable to achieve this Credit.
•
The Forest Stewardship Council requires that every party that takes ownership of the wood or wood product have chain-of-custody certification for the wood product to be called “FSC-certified.” In an effort to develop the market for certified wood, LEED has, in the past, allowed a party to claim Credit for the use of FSC-certified wood in a project even if the party involved in final fabrication of the product before it reaches the building is not chain-of-custody certified. In this particular instance our recommendation is to allow the Credit. However nowhere should it be claimed that these are “FSC-certified trusses,” and the manufacturer must warrant that they have indeed used certified wood to make the trusses.
•
If wood is supplied to a manufacturer by a wholesaler or distributor who is not involved with fabrication or modification of the material, that supplier must have FSC chain-of-custody certification for the material to qualify as FSC-certified under LEED.
•
If a truss manufacturer is FSC-certified, FSC’s partial content rules would allow that company to produce “FSC-certified trusses” with as little as 70% FSC-certified wood by volume, the entire value of the truss can be counted towards the FSC-certified wood credit for LEED, regardless of whether it is made from 70% or 100% certified wood.
•
Salvaged and refurbished wood is excluded from the calculation of certified wood products. For the purposes of this Credit, reclaimed wood is excluded from the certified wood calculation (numerator and denominator).
•
The calculations for certified wood excludes the value of any postconsumer recycled wood fiber content of a product that qualifies to be counted under MR Credit 4 - Recycled Content Materials thereby ensuring that applicants seeking the certified wood Credit are not penalized by unnecessarily including in the certified wood calculation products or LEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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•
Credit 7
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portions thereof that do not contain virgin wood fiber. It is also recommended that project teams review the LEED Canada-NC Version 1.0 MR Credit 7 and applicable LEED Canada-CI Version 1.0 Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIRs) found on the CaGBC website.
Green Building Concerns Wood has the potential to be a truly sustainable resource because it is renewable, biodegradable, non-toxic, energy efficient and recyclable. Too often, however, wood is linked to the degradation or destruction of ecologically important forest ecosystems, such as old-growth forests. Thus, responsible forestry practices aim to minimize or eliminate these problems. Responsible forestry seeks to meet the long-term forest product needs of humans while maintaining the function and biodiversity of forested landscapes. The primary goal is to restore, enhance and sustain a full range of forest values while producing a perpetual yield of quality forest products. Environmental Issues The negative environmental impacts of irresponsible forest practices can include destruction of forests, loss of wildlife habitat, soil erosion and stream sedimentation, water and air pollution, and waste generation. The FSC Standard incorporates many criteria that contribute to the long-term health and integrity of forest ecosystems. From an environmental perspective, the elements of responsible FSC-certified forestry include sustainable timber harvesting (i.e., not removing more timber volume than replaces itself over the cutting interval or rotation), preserving wildlife habitat and biodiversity, maintaining soil and water quality, minimizing the use of harmful chemicals, and conserving high conservation value forests (e.g., endangered and old-growth forests). Economic Issues World trade in forest products has increased dramatically in the last 30 years, from $47 billion in 1970 to $139 billion in 1998. As more developing countries embrace world forest product markets and their growing economies encourage domestic consumption, the protection of forests will become a critical issue. Currently, the costs of FSC-certified wood products are equal to or higher than conventional wood products and
availability varies by region. The price of FSC-certified wood products is expected to be more competitive with conventional wood products in future years as the world’s forest resources are depleted and the forest industry embraces more widespread adoption of sustainable business principles.
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Community Issues Irresponsible logging practices can have negative social impacts. Thus, the socioeconomic and political components to FSC certification include respecting indigenous people’s rights and adhering to all applicable laws and treaties. Certification also involves forest workers and forest-dependent communities as stakeholders and beneficiaries of responsible forest management. Through the encouragement of responsible forest practices, local timber economies are stabilized and forestland ecosystems are preserved for future generations.
Design Approach Establish a project goal for FSC-certified wood products and identify suppliers that can achieve this goal. Using the contacts and materials listed in the Resources section below, research the availability of the wood species and products to ensure that they are available from FSC-certified sources. Another method for lowering the impact of wood resources is to research and specify quality grades that are most readily available from well-managed forests. Using lower grades of wood can dramatically reduce pressure on forests, which produce only limited quantities of top-grade timber (i.e., Architectural Woodwork Institute [AWI] Grades 2 or 3 for lumber or veneer rather than Grade 1; Select And Better rather than First And Second [FAS] for hardwood lumber graded to National Hardwood Lumber Association [NHLA] rules; or 2 and Better rather than Select Structural for softwood lumber graded to Western Wood Product Association [WWPA] rules). As an example, the typical yield of FAS-grade lumber in a deciduous forLEED® Canada-CI 1.0
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est is 5% – 20% of all hardwood lumber cut depending on many variables, i.e. thickness, length. In structural applications, specify the lowest grade that will meet the project’s performance and engineering requirements. For interior finishes and other exposed surfaces, consider specifying “character” grades that highlight the uniqueness of wood as a natural material.
Calculations
At the earliest opportunity make contact with local vendors, suppliers and manufacturers that are certified for FSC chain-of-custody. The FSC’s referral service is an essential sourcing tool (www.fscus.org/green_building). Provide project bidders with a list of certified vendors and encourage them to make contact early in the project to establish product availability and pricing. As the availability of certain certified wood products may vary over the life of a project, consider having the owner pre-purchase, store and supply particular items to the contractor (“Furnished by the Owner, Installed by the Contractor,” or FOIC). Finding a storage location that best mimics the final ambient moisture of the CI space will ensure proper installation. Because of the typically high ambient moisture present during construction, a job site is not the best location to store wood if FOIC is being implemented.
Enter the value of new wood in all products containing wood. Indicate the percentage of wood that is FSC-certified for each individual product type and provide the relevant chain-of-custoday certification number. If there are not enough lines in the LEED Letter Template, a seperate spreadsheet must be developed.
Synergies and Trade-Offs Certified wood products can be applied to other MR Credits if these products comply with requirements for those credits. Like their non-certified counterparts, some FSC-certified products contain adhesives and chemicals that have off-gassing characteristics that may affect indoor air quality, and may conflict with eligibility for IEQ Credit 4.4 (e.g. urea formaldehyde).
Use the LEED Letter Templates to list those products that satisfy the requirements of the credits. This credit compares the percent of FSC-certified wood to the total new wood used in the project. See Equation MR 8. The Letter Template automatically performs the calculations based on the data entered, as shown in Table MR 24.
Chain-of-Custody Chain-of-custody (CoC) certification is required to different extents based on two scenarios: products with and without the on-product FSC label. If a manufacturer places its FSC CoC label on the product or product packaging used for individual sale (generally applying to fabricated products), then subsequent entities in the supply chain are not required to have CoC certification unless the product’s packaging or form is changed before it reaches the end consumer. (Note: this instruction is meant for LEED compliance only; it varies from FSC rules). For LEED documentation, a wholesaler or retailer does not need CoC for a packaged product that is labeled with the manufacturer’s CoC number. This number is to be supplied in the LEED submittal. A fabricator using a labeled product as a component of a larger assembly will need to have CoC certification since it is altering the product’s packaging, and possibly its form.
Equation MR 8: Certified Wood Material Portion Certified Wood [%] = Material Portion
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FSC Certified Wood Material Value [$] Total New Wood Material Value [$]
For FSC certified products that are not individually packaged for sale, the vendor to the consumer is required to have CoC certification, and this is the sole CoC number for the product entered in the LEED submittal. Contractors and subcontractors are considered the end consumers; they can demonstrate with copies of invoices (if requested) the quantity purchased for the job and their suppliers’ CoC numbers. For example, a contractor or subcontractor that installs non-labeled FSC wood panels is not required to have CoC certification; its supplier must have CoC certification. A manufacturer that installs its own product (e.g. custom casework) is not required to have CoC certification. Assemblies For assemblies, it is helpful to develop a working spreadsheet to calculate the value of FSC-certified wood as a percentage of new wood, by weight. Recycled and salvaged wood content is subtracted so as not to conflict with the intent of other LEED MR credits. See the example shown in Table MR 23. The summation may be entered as a single line in the Letter Template. See Table MR 24. Furniture and Furnishings The wood content of newly purchased furniture and furnishings is to be in-
cluded in this calculation. Because of its potential contribution to both the overall new wood content, and the FSCcertified wood content, it is prudent to consider it in the selection and purchasing process. Furniture and furnishings are not limited to what is supplied by the contractor, but also includes owner purchases.
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Systems Furniture To facilitate the credit calculation, the applicant may use the percentages of wood content and FSC-certified wood content determined by the product manufacturer for the typical workstation configuration that best represents their project installation. This approach also may be used in calculating MR Credits 4 and 6. For use in this credit, BIFMA International has defined typical workstation configurations for both open plan and private offices. They are available at www.bifma.org. Using these typical configurations, the individual manufacturers have determined the wood content and the FSC-certified wood content percentages for their individual product lines. Table MR 23 is an example of a manufacturer’s calculation. Project teams should have this documentation from the manufacturer should the credit be audited.
Table MR 23 : Sample Assembly Percent Wood-Based Content for a BIFMA Typical Configuration
Manufacturer Product Line BIFMA Typical Configuration Component Wheat Board Top Veneer Other Wood Non-Wood Content
Lambda Furniture High End Workstations Wkstn Configuration 0010 Less PostWood-Based Consumer Component Weight [kg] Weight [kg]
FSC Certified Wood Weight [kg]
28.0 4.0 1.9 0.0 33.9
28.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 29.5
Percent Wood [33.9/753.0] Percent FSC Certified Wood [29.5/753.0]
4.5% 3.9%
Weight [kg] 28.0 4.0 3.0 718.0 753.0
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Project teams, most likely in conjunction with their furniture supplier, will need to segregate their total new furniture costs into segments that correspond to the industry-typical configurations for each manufacturer and product line. These segment values are then multiplied by the manufacturer’s wood content and FSC-certified wood content percentages for the credit calculation. See Table MR 24.
content and FSC-certified wood content of a 0.9 m (36”) diameter table will be the same as that in the 1.8 m (72”) variety. When this is the case, identify the dollar amount for all those products used on the project within the product line and multiply by the wood content and FSC-certified wood content percentages. When this is not the case, individual products must be addressed separately.
This approach was developed so project teams would not have to build the credit values starting from individual workstation component counts, costs and wood content percentages. However, when a project team has purchased components that have wood contents outside a 5% range of those used in the manufacturer’s published percentages for the typical configurations, they will need to obtain project specific detail. This may occur when FSC-certified materials have been specified. In this case, request that the manufacturer prepare an assembly content calculation, similar to Table MR 23, for the actual products purchased.
Exemplary Performance
Other products, such as seating, storage and conference tables, are not included in the typical configurations. For some of these items there are consistent attributes across a product line: the wood
Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the requirements reach the next incremental step. For certified wood, the credit calculation must yield 95% or greater.
Resources Websites The Ecoforestry Institute Society: An independent initiative dedicated to promoting ecologically, socially and economically responsible forest use that maintains and restores the complexity and diversity of our forests. Site: http://ecoforestry.ca/ Forest Certification Resource Center: Contains a searchable database of FSC products and a variety of resources including comparative information on
Table MR 24 : MR 7 Certified Wood Example Spreadsheet
Wood Product
Vendor
Carpentry Door bucks Moldings Shelving Countertops Casework Wood doors and frames Furniture systems, new Tables, new
Phi Woods Chi Bucks Psi Trim Psi Trim Beta Mills Beta Mills Beta Mills Lambda Cubicles Mu Mills
Material Value
$
19,800 720 1,710 2,407 6,347 34,875 383 288,366 19,751
Percent Wood (by weight) 92.1% 100% 100% 77.0% 95.0% 80.0% 100% 4.5% 96.1% Subtotal
Value of Wood
$
$
18240 720 1710 1853 6030 27900 383 12976 18974 88,786
% Certified Wood [54,536 / 88,786]
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Percent Certified Wood (by weight) 92.1% 46.0% 100% 0.0% 0.0% 58.5% 100% 3.9% 11.0%
Value of Certified Wood $
$ 61.4%
18,240 331 1,710 0 0 20,402 383 11,297 2,173 54,536
Forest Stewardship Council Chain-ofCustody Certificate Number SW-COC-013 SCS-COC-00067 SCS-COC-00094 n/a n/a SW-COC-675 SCS-COC-00122 Manufacturer's detail Manufacturer's detail
61.4% > 50.0% MR 7 earned
forest certification systems. (503) 224-2205 Site: http://www.metafore.org/ Forest Stewardship Council: FSC promotes responsible forest management globally by certifying forest products that meet the rigorous forest management standard. The organization brings industry, environmentalists, and community groups together to promote practical solutions that meet its diverse stakeholders’ needs. The organization was founded in 1993 by environmental groups, the timber industry, foresters, indigenous peoples and community groups from 25 countries. Site: http://www.fsccanada.org/ GreenSpec: Detailed listings for more than 2,000 green building products, including environmental data, manufacturer information and links to additional resources. (802) 257-7300 Site: http://www.buildinggreen.com/ menus/ SmartWood: A third-party certifier that is accredited to conduct forest management and chain-of-custody audits according to the rules of the FSC. It is a nonprofit program of the Rainforest Alliance. (802) 434-5491 Site: http://www.rainforest-alliance.org/ programs/forestry/smartwood/
Print Media • Maser, Chris, Sustainable Forestry: Philosophy, Science, and Economics, CRC Press, 1994.
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• Jenkins, Michael B. and Emily T. Smith. The Business of Sustainable Forestry: Strategies for an Industry in Transition, Island Press, 1999.
Definitions Chain-of-Custody: A document that tracks the movement of a wood product from the forest to a vendor and is used to verify compliance with FSC guidelines. A “vendor” is defined as the company that supplies wood products to project contractors or subcontractors for on-site installation. Sustainable Forestry: The practice of managing forest resources to meet the long-term forest product needs of humans while maintaining the biodiversity of forested landscapes. The primary goal is to restore, enhance and sustain a full range of forest values: economic, social and ecological.
Regional Variations The requirements of this credit are universally applicable across Canada.
Scientific Certification Systems’ Forest Conservation Program: Scientific Certification Systems’ Forest Conservation Program is a third-party certifier that is accredited to conduct forest management and chain-of-custody audits in the United States and internationally according to the rules of the FSC. Site: http://www.scscertified.com/forestry/
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Case Study CASE STUDY Haworth Showroom / Office Location: Chicago, Illinois Level: Gold Year Certified: 2005 The Haworth Showroom/Office is located in the Chicago Merchandise Mart. The space showcases the integration of architectural interiors (movable walls and raised flooring), systems (HVAC, lighting, sound, power, voice & data) and furniture. The interior features recycled and rapidly renewable materials. The project achieved 15% recycled content and 15% rapidly renewable content. The worksurfaces, storage fronts, and all the non-structural panels in the space are made of strawboard. Haworth fabrics and finishes have 80% recycled content and most of the furniture and seating is Greenguard Indoor Air Quality certified. Cork and sisal were used as a primary floor finish and the commercial carpet meets the Carpet and Rug Institute’s Green Label Plus testing and product requirements. By strategically specifying strawboard in the furniture and building materials, 80% of all remaining wood utilized was Forest Stewardship Council FSC-certified. The fit-up reused materials from four separate tenant spaces that made up the 2,160 m2 (24,000 sq ft) showroom, including the tempered plate glass on front wall. All glass not reused was recycled by a manufacturer of sandpaper and abrasive products. More than 50% of the total waste materials were diverted from landfill.
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photo credit: Haworth Inc.
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Case Study CASE STUDY HCMA Office Location: Vancouver, British Columbia Level: Silver Year Certified: 2005 Considerable effort was made by HCMA to reduce the environmental impact of the materials and resources used for this renovation. More than 22% of the materials used were manufactured locally, which besides its environmental benefits, also supports the local economy. Of these locally manufactured materials, more than 16% were extracted, harvested, or recovered within 805 km (500 miles) of the project.
photo credit: Martin Tessler
Extensive reuse of existing materials and building details was implemented in order to reduce the impact of premature disposal and additional manufacturing. Eighty four percent of the existing furniture and furnishings were reused in the renovation, and 75% of the existing interior partitions and walls were maintained. Even new materials consisted of recycled content. All workstations and millwork are made out of Medite II, a medium density fiberboard made from 100% recovered and recycled wood fiber, and the carpet was specified for its 20% post-consumer recycled content. In addition, a concerted effort on the part of the contractor was made to reuse as much of the wood scraps on site as possible. Drywall was taken to the recycling depot in New Westminster, old carpet was returned to the manufacturer for recycling, and the steel frames from the door partitions were dismantled and recycled.
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Case Study CASE STUDY Stantec Office Location: Vancouver, British Columbia Level: Silver Year Certified: 2005 Stantec’s Vancouver office project required the consolidation of two existing offices into a single, new space. Consolidation projects have enormous waste potential due to the difficulty of “matching” materials from environments designed in different spaces, for different uses, and often at different times. The result is that old elements are often discarded in favour of new, uniform materials reflective of the unification that has taken place. Despite this challenge on the Stantec Vancouver project, existing building interior elements—including steel studs, insulation, maple wood paneling, doors and frames—were all reused. Some elements came from the original offices, and other components were present on the new site, including the existing structural concrete slab, which was ground smooth and sealed with Retroplate to a satin finish in all publicly accessible areas. To source locally manufactured or high-recycled content materials, the project team drew on a library of sustainable materials maintained by the office as part of its ISO 14001 Environmental Quality procedures. The team worked closely with the contractor to identify any opportunities for materials reuse. This partnership also resulted in the diversion of an astonishing 86% of all construction waste from landfills. Close collaboration of Stantec’s architecture, interior design, mechanical, and electrical groups—along with the contractor—resulted in a LEED CI Silver designation on this pilot project.
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photo credit: Ed White Photographics
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Case Study CASE STUDY InterfaceFlor Showroom Location: Atlanta, Georgia Level: Platinum Year Certified: 2004 The interior design team focused on creating a classic, minimalist, museum-quality backdrop to showcase Interface products. This open design plan reduces both material use and the disassembly that would be required for future adaptability. Interface achieved Materials and Resources LEED credits through several methods:
photo credit: Brian Gassel, TVS
Building reuse: The Interface Showroom maintained at least 60% of the existing walls, doors, flooring, and ceiling systems. Resource reuse: More than 30% of the furniture in the space came from local Atlanta furniture showrooms. Reusing this furniture reduced the need for new materials to be manufactured and minimized fossil fuel use associated with transportation. Recycled content and local materials: The acoustical ceiling tile, gypsum wallboard, structural steel framing, and carpet tile are some of the materials contributing to the project’s 20% recycled-content rate. Additionally, more than 20%, by cost, of the materials used in the project were manufactured within 805 km (500 miles) of the site, and over 10% of those materials’ components were extracted or harvested within 805 km (500 miles). Renewable materials: Wheatboard was used for all interior architectural woodwork, and bamboo flooring separates the different flooring brands being showcased. Certified wood: The wood veneer on the millwork storage benches and other interior architectural woodwork is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council. Occupant recycling: The Showroom collects recyclable materials, including paper, plastic, metal, glass, and corrugated cardboard, for three floors of the building. Diversion of Construction & Demolition Waste: The general contractor was very dedicated to the construction waste management process and conducted a detailed onsite training program for subcontractors. The project site was accommodating in that an adjacent open lot provided space for several large containers for collecting gypsum wallboard, miscellaneous metal, and other materials. In total, 85% of all construction waste, by weight, was diverted from the landfill.
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Case Study CASE STUDY Omicron Office Location: Vancouver, British Columbia Level: Gold Year Certified: 2006 Omicron views its 1,430 m2 (15,400 sq.ft.) office as a sustainable design laboratory and a showcase of green building materials and technologies. Building Materials: • Recycling and reuse of construction waste resulting in 73% of construction waste being diverted from the landfill. • Disassembly and reinstallation of materials from the previous office resulting in a reuse of 27% of the total project materials. • Selection of green building materials resulted in the total of all building materials being 61% recycled content, 56% locally manufactured, 25% locally harvested and 15% rapidly renewable; 99% of wood-based products are Forest Stewardship Council FSC-certified. • Examples of these initiatives include: - Rubber gym flooring made of recycled rubber tires; flooring was installed to be reused and recycled at the end of its life - Exposed concrete wall panels made of plant products, recycled paper and industrial waste - Fibreglass insulation made from recycled glass bottles - Extensive use of agri-fiber as an alternative to a wood-based product and made of wheat straw fiber, which is a by-product of the harvesting process; used as core materials in all millwork/casework products - Two meeting rooms constructed entirely from FSC-certified Douglas Fir - Wood slat ceiling in elevator lobby made from medium density fiberboard with no added urea formaldehyde - Main boardroom table constructed out of Douglas Fir railway sleepers reclaimed from a collapsed BC logging bridge - Area rug in reception made from corn by-product material and vegetable dyes
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photo credit: Omicron / Terry GuscottATN Visuals
