International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

LAND-BASED REGIONAL POTENCY ANALYSIS FOR CATTLE PRODUCTION IN RIAU PROVINCE YIYI SULAEMAN1, A. JAMIL2, M. DANIEL3, I. KASUB2, A. PATRIANOV4 and M. SARWANI1 1

Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resource Research and Development, Bogor, West Java

[email protected] 2

Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) – Pekanbaru, Riau 3 Assessment for Agricultural Technology (AIAT) – Solok, West Sumatera 4 Animal Husbandry Service of Riau Province, Pekanbaru, Riau

ABSTRACT The role of local policy makers is of great importance to ensure livestock production. Smart decision to ensure feedstock sufficiency and sustainability must be provided by policy makers such as Governors and the chief of Animal Husbandry Services. Hence, better tool and information must be provided to support decision formulation. This study was aimed to develop grand design for livestock production especially cattle in Riau Province taking advantage of its land resources. Integrated spatial analysis, database, and information technology were used to create maps for identifying production gaps and formulating technical and policy recommendation. The study covers tabular and spatial data compilation, spatial analysis and cross tabulation, and map creation. All works were done in a Geographical Information System. The study results are presented as thematic maps and recommendation maps for the development of cattle production covering Kuantan-Singingi, Siak, Pelelawan, Indragiri Hulu, and Rokan Hulu Regency. The practical and policy implication of these development models and supporting information are discussed. Key words: Land-based, Potency Analysis, Production, Riau

INTRODUCTION Local policy makers play considerably important role in sustainable livestock production. Policy makers in local government (at the provincial and regency level) include governor or major and directors of Animal Husbandry Service (Dinas Peternakan). They have the authority by law to establish regulations to achieve sustainable meat production. Each region develops strategies so that they can achieve self-sufficiently in meat production while improving farmer’s income. Thus, good quality meat can be provided timely in their region in accepted price. In this context, the policy makers in Riau province argue that the self-sufficient meat production can only be achieved if a good master plan is formulated. Any effort of stakeholders must follow this established master plan, and the projects can be outlined yearly following the targets in master plan. This is a dynamic master plan meaning that it can be improved continually by considering the dynamic of stakeholder and problem-related to meat production

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Several method and technique to evaluate regional potency has been demonstrated by several workers. Rusmana et al. (2006) developed a technique to evaluate the ecology suitability for cattle based on the soil fertility level, water availability, elevation and slope. Atmiyati (2006) evaluated the land carrying capacity in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan while Prasetyo et al. (2006) evaluated feedstock potency in Brebes Regency, Central Java. Juarini and Sumanto (1999) combined ecological suitability and land carrying capacity to evaluate livestock development in Bali. Sumanto et al. (2000) conducted a study in Yogyakarta and Ardhani (2008) in Bulungan Regency, East Kalimantan. This study came up with several recommendations including where cattle should be developed. Recommendations can be created, but the actions taken depend upon policy makers insight. Researchers must collaborate more with policy makers and provide a holistic approach including the way to present their results so that they can easily be understood. This study aims to develop a grand design for livestock production especially for cattle in Riau Province taking advantage of its land

International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

resources. The grand design is a basic input for crating good master plan. It covers evaluating existing status of meat production, analyzing feedstock, formulating cattle management including purpose of farming either fattening or breeding. Further the design is used to develop a master plan for livestock production in Riau Province as center for meat production. MATERIALS AND METHODS Location and data source The study area covers five regencies in Riau Province i.e. Kuantan Singingi Regency, Indragiri Hulu Regency, Pelelawan Regency, Siak Regency, and Rokan Hulu Regency. The district boundary was used as an analysis unit. Data used for this study were landuse data and existing population of cattle. These data were taken from the figures published by the Regency Board of Statistics. Other data included: topography map, soil map, and administration boundary map. Data analysis was followed methods of Ashari et al. (1996). Data analysis was assisted by spreadsheet for tabulation and by ArcView GIS for spatial analysis and map creation. Spatial analysis was conducted to relate cattle distribution and environmental condition. Feed potency analysis Feed potency was determined based on feed sources, among other: agricultural waste, plantation waste, rice field, garden, etc. All sources were converted into dry matter from agricultural waste, dry matter from plantation waste, and green-equivalent dry matter. Summing all of them is the total dry matter (DMT). Carrying capacity analysis Carrying capacity is the ability of district to provide feed for cattle. It is derived using the following formula: CC = DMT/FR

x CC: maximum carrying capacity expression in cattle population, x DMT: total dry matter in ton and FR: feed requirement (ton/cattle). So, carrying capacity is the maximum population of cantle that can be supported by feed in given district. We also calculated cattle improvement population that calculate following formula: CIC = CC – CE x CIC: cattle improvement capacity that is number of cattle that can be growth in a district, x CC: carrying capacity of the district, and x CE: number of existing cattle. Model development Cattle development model is based on land characteristic and feed potency and availability. Several factors were considered during model building especially: (i) climatic condition; (ii) topography; (iii) type and availability of potential feed; (iv) socio-culture; (v) farming experience; (vi) cattle type. Statistical mapping Statistical mapping technique is used to map result analysis. All works was conducted in Geographic Information System environment. With map presentation, data may be related to district position or regency position so it easier to interpret by decision makers. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Feedstock potency Each regency has different feed potency for cattle. Figure 1 shows an example of feedstock potency map in Rokan Hulu Regency. The Pagaran Tapah district show higher potency of feedstock i.e. 72,385 ton dry matter, meanwhile Ujung Batu District is less potency i.e. 9,475 ton dry matter. Hence, within one

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International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

Figure 1. An example of the map showing feed availability in Rokan Hulu Regency

regency, feed potency is varied meaning life support for cattle also different. This kind of map is created for the 5 regencies. Data presentation as map make it easy to understand by decision maker especially in regency government and provincial government. The more feed is available, the more cattle could be produced.

Table 2 shows another example of the carrying capacity result in Siak Regency. The Dayun District has the highest DMT i.e. 101,005 tons/year result in Carrying capacity 44,276 cattle. This type of table is provided for three other regencies but not presented here.

Carrying capacity for cattle development

CIC refers to the number of cattle that can be added for a given district. This number is calculated from the carrying capacity minus existing population. We have created a map of CIC for the 5 regencies. This map is beneficial in allocating cattle subsidy for a given district. Figure 2 shows an example of the distribution of CIC in Rokan Hulu Regency. For Rokan Hulu Regency, Tambusai District may be given the highest cattle subsidy. In this district, as many as 41,243 cattle may be developed and distributed to farmers. In contrast, Ujung Batu District may received least i.e. 5,160 cattle.

Table 1 shows the example of result of carrying capacity analysis based on feed potency in Kuantan Singingi Regency. In Kuantan Singingi Regency, the highest DMT is found in Singingi District i.e. 137,979 tons/year and the lowest is found in Gunung Toar District i.e. 10368 ton/year. This condition shows a carrying capacity that is positively correlated with available feedstock. Hence, the highest carrying capacity is found in Singingi District i.e.79,762 cattle and the lowest in Gunung Toar i.e. 5,993 cattle.

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Cattle improvement capacity (CIC)

International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

Tabel 1. Carrying capacity for cattle development in Kuantan Singingi Regency

District

Dry matter

Carrying capacity

Existing population

CIC

ton/year

cattle unit

cattle

cattle

cattle

Kuantan Mudik

74,569

32,688

43,106

3,301

39,805

Hulu Kuantan

29,002

12,713

16,765

557

16,208

Gunung Toar

10,368

4,548

5,993

2,072

3,921

Singingi

137,979

60,484

79,762

531

79,231

Singingi Hilir

110,738

48,543

64,015

453

63,562

Kuantan Tengah

22,129

9,700

12,792

2,503

10,289

Benai

25,191

11,043

14,562

3,066

11,496

Kuantan Hilir

20,185

8,848

11,668

1,775

9,893

Pangean

11,406

5,000

6,593

1,730

4,863

Logas Tanah Darat

39,624

17,369

22,905

1,238

21,667

Cerenti

33,262

14,581

19,228

1,670

17,558

Inuman

18,626

8,165

10,767

1,349

9,418

Existing population

CIC

Tabel 2. Carrying capacity for cattle development in Siak Regency Kecamatan

Minas Kandis Siak Sungai Apit Sungai Mandau Kerinci Kanan Lubuk Dalam Tualang Koto Gasib Dayun Bunga Raya Mempura Sabak Auh

Dry matter (Ton/year) 23,795 59,638 47,594 91,298 62,539 19,670 4,938 21,188 41,805 101,005 15,184 4 12,675

Carrying capacity (cattle unit) 10,430 26,142 20,863 40,021 27,414 8,623 2,165 9,288 18,325 44,276 6,657 2

(cattle) 13,755 34,475 27,513 52,777 36,152 11,370 2,854 12,248 24,166 58,388 8,778 2,714

(cattle) 785 824 581 1,354 469 885 1,144 776 889 676 1,389 685

(cattle) 12,970 33,651 26,932 51,423 35,683 10,485 1,710 11,472 23,277 57,712 7,389 2,029

5,556

7,327

719

6,608

Cattle development model Table 3 presents 6 types of cattle development model in Riau Province. The cattle management is grouped into intensive, semi intensive, and extensive based on whether cattle is released or housed. In Riau Province, the intensive cattle management is predominant as it may be exercised in 19

districts. This suggests that farmers should be housed their cattle in the day and in the night. Based on its objective, the cattle management in Riau Province is mainly for fattening as well as for breeding. As many as 18 districts may be assigned as fattening and meat production center. Meanwhile the other 18 districts may be allocated as breeding center. Thus, breeding and fattening work

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International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

Figure 2. An example of map showing number of cattle may be added in Rokan Hulu Regency Table 3. The cattle development model in Riau Province Model

Cattle management

Purpose

Feedstock

Total districts

A

Intensive

Breeding

low potency of feedstock with low content of crude protein

8

B

Intensive

Fattening

low potency of feedstock with high content of crude protein

11

C

Semi intensive

Breeding

medium potency of feedstock with low content of crude protein

3

D

Semi intensive

Fattening

medium feedstock with high content of crude protein

4

E

Extensive

Breeding

high potency of feedstock with low crude protein content

7

F

Extensive

Fattening

high potency of feedstock with high content of crude protein

3

Intensive: cattle is housed in the day and in the night; semi intensive: cattle is released in the day and housed in the night; extensive: cattle is released in the day and in the night

simultaneously. By this combination, both selfsupport and sustainable meat production could be achieved in Riau Province. The distribution of each model development in Riau Province is presented in Figure 3. The development model both for breeding and fattening may be exercised in each regency. In addition, Figure 3 suggests that the extensive cattle management may be concentrated in Kuantan Singingi Regency. Yet, the intensive cattle management may be centered in

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Indragiri Hulu Regency. Furthermore, Figure 3 provides information regarding feedstock, carrying capacity, and cattle population must be added (KPPTS) for each model. This information suggest that more cattle may be provided in district having extensive cattle management. Figure 4 show an example of model map for Rokan Hulu Regency. In this region, there are 6 districts that can adopt be to for A model development, namely: Bonai, Bangun Purba, Rambah Hilir, Rambah, Rokan IV Koto, and

International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

Kabun District. Hence, these district are intensive cattle management for breeding. The cattle management for fattening may be implemented in Rambah Samo District and Ujung Batu District using intensive cattle management and Tambusai District and Tandun District using semi intensive cattle management. Thus, this map in Figure 4 provide more explanation on general map Figure 3, designed to be used by animal husbandry service at regencial levels. Regional self-support and monitoring meat production Meat self-sufficient and sustainable meat production become a major concern by decision and policy makers. They want meat stock are supplied by farmers within each regency at provincial level and within each district in Regencial level. This target is in accordance with national issue to be selfsufficient in meat-stocking. Applying this

policy will provide a chance for farmer to manage more cattle using the available technology in order to apply good management practices. Our data and map indicate problems that may be faced on by farmer in each regency. Meat self-support only is not enough. It must be in line with sustainable meat production. It means that any effort to sustain meat self-support must be outlined and developed. It also means breeding is as important as fattening. Breeding provide young cattle for fattening. Thus, circular process occur with region of concern. The term sustainable meat production closely related to monitoring meat production. We think such monitoring system as our knowledge has not yet been established. Monitoring system require time series data. In this context, our study provide spatial data regarding distribution of existing cattle and cattle to be added. Our data can be used as benchmark for monitoring meat production in Riau Province.

Figure 3. Map of cattle development model in Riau Province

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International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

Figure 4. An example of cattle development model at regency level

Practical and policy implication We have demonstrated how to create a grand design using regional potency analysis. This approach is rather different from other land suitability mapping. Others commonly come up with the number of cattle that can be developed. In our approach, we add another information how to develop cattle in terms of management type and the purpose of cattle development. We believe this approach is more practice and provide clear direction to decision and policy makers. In this study we also combine statistical mapping. This effort is to provide alternative ways for presenting results. We think presenting results is similar to delivering a message in which the message must be easily understand by commoner. Presenting data and information in form of map is better and more eye-catching comparing to data table and a thick technical report. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated an integrated regional potency analysis, spatial analysis, and statistical mapping to create a grand design of cattle production for the Riau Province. Various thematic maps and recommendation

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maps for cattle production is available for Kuantan-Singingi, Siak, Pelelawan, Indragiri Hulu, and Rokan Hulu Regency. This data is used as input in formulating a masterplan and monitoring meat production in Riau Province. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was funded by Riau Province Government under a collaboration research between the Animal Husbandry Services of Riau Province and Riau Assessment Institute for Agricultural Technology (AIAT). We thank Mr. Syaiful Alim of AIAT for compiling statistical data. REFERENCE Andhani, F. 2008. Wilayah potensial untuk penyebaran dan pengembangan peternakan di Kabupaten Bulungan, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. EPP 5(1): 36 – 43. Ashari, E. Juarini, Sumanto, B. Wibowo, Suratman and K. Diwyanto. 1996. Analysis potensi wilayah penyebaran dan pengembangan Buku III: pedoman analusis potensi wilayah penyebaran dan pengembangan peternakan. Kerja sama balai penelitian ternak dengan Direktorat Bina penyebaran dan pengembangan peternakan, Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan.

International Conference on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology 2012

Atmiyati. 2006. Daya dukung hijauan pakan terhadap Pengembangan ternak di Kabupaten Sambas. Pros. Temu Teknis Nasional Tenaga Fungsional Pertanian. Bogor, 7 – 8 September 2006. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor. pp. 96 – 100. Juarini, E. and Sumanto. 1999. Lahan potensial untuk penyebaran dan pengembangan peternakan di Propinsi Bali. Pros. Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Bogor, 1 – 2 Desember 1999. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor. pp. 527 – 542. Prasetyo, A., T. Herawati and Muryanto. 2006. Produksi dan kualitas limbah pertanian sebagai Pakan substitusi ternak ruminansia kecil di Kabupaten Brebes. Pros. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Bogor, 18 – 19 September 2006. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor. pp. 440 – 452.

Rusmana, N., Atmiyati, and Ridwan. 2006. Pembuatan peta kesesuaian ekologis untuk ternak Ruminansia pada skala tinjau. Pros. Temu Teknis Nasional Tenaga Fungsional Pertanian. Bogor, 7 – 8 September 2006. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor. pp. 175 – 178. Sumanto, E. Juarini, B. Wibowo and Ashari. 2000. Wilayah potensial untuk penyebaran dan pengembangan Peternakan di daerah istimewa yogyakarta. Pros. Seminar Nasional Teknologi Peternakan dan Veteriner. Bogor, 5 – 6 September 2000. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Peternakan, Bogor. pp. 455 – 472.

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