ATLASATLASATLASATLASA MAIN REPORT TLASATLASATLASATLASAT REGIONAL LASATLASATLASATLASATL ATLAS ASATLASATLASATLASATLA SATLASATLASATLASATLAS ATLASATLASATLASATLASA TLASATLASATLASATLASAT LASATLASATLASATLASATL ASATLASATLASATLASATLA SATLASATLASATLASATLAS ATLASATLASATLASATLASA TLASATLASATLASATLASAT LASATLASATLASATLASATL ASATLASATLASATLASATLA F
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SPECIAL PROVINCE OF YOGYAKARTA
Special Province of Yogyakarta
TRIPLE - A
in cooperation with Regional Development and Poverty Reduction Program - RDPRP
MAIN 31
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REGIONAL ATLAS SPECIAL PROVINCE OF YOGYAKARTA
Special Province of Yogyakarta TRIPLE - A
in cooperation with Regional Development and Poverty Reduction Program - RDPRP
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
TABLE OF CONTENTS Health ........................................................................... 3 - 14 Culture Culture ......................................................................... 3 - 16 Environment Regional Environment ...................................................3 - 17 Air Pollution ....................................................................3 - 18
1. Preface ........................................................................... 1 - 1 2. Geography Geographic and Administrative Subdivision ................ 2 - 1 Basemap of Yogyakarta City ........................................ 2 - 2 Basemap of Sleman City .............................................. 2 - 3 Basemap of Bantul City ................................................ 2 - 4 Basemap of Gunungkidul City ...................................... 2 - 5 Basemap of Kulon Progo City....................................... 2 - 6 Basemap of Kota Magelang City .................................. 2 - 7 Basemap of Klaten City ................................................ 2 - 8 Basemap of Salatiga City ............................................. 2 - 9 Basemap of Surakarta City........................................... 2 - 10 Basemap of Semarang City.......................................... 2 - 11 Basemap of Wonogiri City ............................................ 2 - 12 Basemap of Purworejo City .......................................... 2 - 13 3. Development Function Economy Structure and Performance of Regional Economy ...... Poverty ........................................................................ Inter-Regional Linkages............................................... Inter-Municipal Linkages.............................................. Urban – Rural Linkages ............................................... Export Import ............................................................... Handicraft..................................................................... Tourism ........................................................................ Agriculture ................................................................... Social Demography ................................................................ High Education............................................................. Education .....................................................................
Triple-A
3- 1 3- 2 3- 3 3- 4 3- 5 3- 6 3- 7 3- 8 3 - 10 3 - 11 3 - 12 3 - 13
4.
Spatial Plan Inter-regional Spatial Linkages (Joglosemar)................4 Inter-municipal Spatial Linkages in DIY........................ 4 Urban – Rural Spatial Linkages in DIY......................... 4 Spatial Plan of Central Java .........................................4 Potentials of South-South Corridor................................4 Land Structure and Land-Use of South-South Corridor 4 Economic Development Concept for South-South Corridor......................................................................... 4 Infrastructure Development Concept for PANSELA Corridor......................................................................... 4 South-South Corridor ................................................... 4 -
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5. Infrastucture Housing ........................................................................ 5 - 1 Roads and Transportation ......................................... 5 - 2 Drainage ....................................................................... 5 - 4 Water Supply ................................................................ 5 - 5 Sewerage and Sanitation ............................................. 5 - 7 Solid Waste .................................................................. 5 - 10 Irrigation........................................................................ 5 - 12 Electricity ...................................................................... 5 - 13 Telecommunication ...................................................... 5 - 14 6. Cooperation Inter Municipal Cooperation ..........................................6 - 1 Cooperation among Government, Private Sector and Community ................................................................... 6 - 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.3
1.2
Background
The Regional Atlas is a public document that is available as hardcopy and cd-rom. Its practical applications are as follows:
The present Atlas of DIY Region is part of a set of three practical instruments to mobilize and coordinate stakeholder participation in the preparation and realization of the long-, medium- and shortterm development plans of government. The functions of these three instruments complement each other: • • •
1.2
Purpose
The Regional Atlas is a public document that provides transparency and openness of relevant information for the stakeholders. Access to information is essential for rational decision-making by government in development planning, public investment and service delivery, for assessment by private businesses of investment opportunities and risks, and for awareness by community members of their living and working environment including public services and facilities. By giving all stakeholders access to the same information, they can develop a common perception, which is a prerequisite for effective stakeholder participation and consensus-building. Most information exists somewhere, but is not easily accessible. For that reason, readily available data from the respective stakeholders have been combined into one Atlas document and presented in a logic format to facilitate access to information and comparison of data: • • • •
•
Atlas presents relevant information on the existing conditions and trends, and of the development potential of DIY region and its surrounding areas; Agenda, based on the information provided in the Atlas, translates strategic development plans into concrete investment priorities of the stakeholders; Aturan-main (Rules-of-the-game) present guidelines for the effective use of the Atlas and Agenda in mobilizing and coordinating stakeholder investment.
The preparation of the Atlas, Agenda and Aturan-main of DIY region and its surrounding areas, also referred to as Regional Triple-A, was conducted through multi-stakeholder task forces, and was supported by funding from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), the Cities Alliance and the World Bank. The preparation of the Triple-A of DIY region and its surrounding areas was coordinated with the simultaneous preparation of similar instruments by the each of the five municipalities of the province of DIY and by DIY itself, as well as of the development programs across the provincial boundaries in the neighboring province of Central Java. The Regional Triple-A is focused on regional economic growth and poverty reduction through urban-rural linkages, intermunicipal relationships, and inter-provincial synergies.
Application
• • • •
1.4
Reference for preparing and updating comprehensive development planning documents of RPJPD (provincial/local long-term planning), RPJMD (provincial/local medium-term investment programs and RKPD (provincial/local annual work plans, as well as sectoral planning documents of Renstra SKPD (strategic medium-term sectoral programs) and Renja SKPD (strategic annual work plans); Database for preparing multi-stakeholder development Agenda, which translates the above formal planning documents of government into a concrete investment priorities of the stakeholders; Benchmark for monitoring and evaluation by the legislative branch (DPRD) and the public media of the implementation of the development Agenda and the realization of government development objectives; Building awareness among the development stakeholders of existing conditions, to develop a sense of pride and ownership towards the place where they live and work and to empower them to participate effectively in planning processes; Marketing development potential of DIY region and its surrounding areas to national government level, to interested foreign and domestic investors, and to international donor and lending agencies.
The Geographic Position of Special Province of Yogyakarta
The Special Province of Yogyakarta is one of the 32 Provinces in Indonesia. The Special province of Yogyakarta borders the Indian Ocean on the south and is surrounded by the Province of Central Java. It is located between 70 33’–80 12’ Latitude and 1100 00’ – 1100 5’ Longitude. The capital of Special Province of Yogyakarta is the Yogyakarta City, which is located on the center of the Special province of Yogyakarta.
Geographic base-maps at a scale 1:25.000 based on digital maps of Bakosurtanal; Thematic maps on economic, social, environmental and cultural conditions and trends, supported by tables, diagrams, photographs and explanatory text; Infrastructure maps of locations of infrastructure facilities, networks coverage and service areas, supported by tables, diagrams, photographs and explanatory text; Reference list of the original sources of data to facilitate further inquiries by the user of the Atlas, as well as future updating of the information.
Triple-A
PREFACE 1 – 1
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Roads Status National Railway Province
Administrative Boundaries Province Regency Sub-district Village
Administration Subdivision in Indonesia
Province/Island
Source : Bappeda Prop. DIY
Geographic and Administration Subdivision The Special Province of Yogyakarta is one of 32 provinces in Indonesia. It is located in the middle of Java. It has a total area of 3,185.81 km2 or 0.17% of the total area of Indonesia (1,890,754 km2). It is the smallest province after DKI (Special Capital District) of Jakarta.
A d m in i s t r a t i o n S u b d iv is io n in S p e c ia l P r o v in c e o f Y o g y a k a r t a No
R e g e n c y /M u n ic ip a lity 1 2 3 4 5
K u lo n P r o g o B a n tu l G u n u n g k id u l S le m a n Y o g y a k a rta T o ta l
A re a (k m 2 )
S u b -d is tric ts
5 8 6 .2 7 5 0 6 .8 5 1 ,4 8 5 .3 6 5 7 4 .8 2 3 2 .5 0 3 ,1 8 5 .8 0
12 17 18 17 14 78
V i ll a g e s / W a rd s 88 75 144 86 45 438
H a m le ts 930 933 1 ,4 3 1 1 ,2 1 2 616 5 ,1 2 2
Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Sumatera Utara Sumatera Barat Riau Jambi Sumatera Selatan Bengkulu Lampung Kep Bangka Belitung Sumatera DKI Jakarta Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah D I Yogyakarta Jawa Timur Banten Jawa Bali Nusa Tenggara Barat Nusa Tenggara Tim ur Bali, Nusa Tenggara Kalimantan Barat Kalimantan Tengah Kalimanatan Selatan Kalimantan Timur Kalimantan Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara Gorontalo Sulawesi Maluku Maluku Utara Papua Maluku dan Papua Indonesia
Area (km2) 51937 73587 42899 94560 53437 93083 19789 35384 16171 480847 664 34597 32549 3186 47922 8651 127569 5633 20153 47351 73137 146807 153564 43546 230277 574194 15273 63678 62365 38140 12215 191671 46975 30895 365466 443336 1890754
Area Percentage by Indonesia Area (%) 2.75 3.89 2.27 5,00 2.83 4.92 1.05 1.87 0.86 25.43 0.43 1.83 1.72 0.17 2.53 0.46 6.75 0.3 1.07 2.5 3.87 7.76 8.12 2.3 12.18 30.37 0.81 3.37 3.3 2.02 0.65 10.14 2.48 1.63 19.33 23.45 100,00
Regency 16 13 9 12 9 7 3 8 2 79 1 16 29 4 29 4 83 8 6 14 28 8 13 9 9 39 4 8 23 4 2 41 4 2 26 32 302
Municipality 4 7 7 4 1 4 1 2 1 31 5 9 6 1 9 2 32 1 2 1 4 2 1 2 4 9 2 1 3 2 1 9 1 1 2 4 89
Sub-district
Villages / Wards
204 314 144 150 71 143 60 162 36 1284 44 547 560 78 641 122 1992 53 94 171 318 129 88 119 110 446 94 76 285 95 32 582 52 45 199 296 4918
5771 5349 2086 1622 1192 2699 1161 2140 317 22337 267 5761 8556 438 8497 1479 24998 686 737 2550 3973 1751 1324 1946 1300 6321 1206 1440 3072 1564 377 7659 851 743 3578 5172 70460
Source : 1. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri dan Otonom i Daerah No. 13 Tahun 2001 Tanggal 27 Maret 2001 2. Berdasarkan Laporan BPS Propinsi sampai dengan 31 Desember 2002
S o u r c e : D a ta P o k o k P e m b a n g u n a n D a e r a h P r o p in s i D IY 1 9 9 9 /2 0 0 0
GEOGRAPHY
Triple – A
Location & Administration 2 -1
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
YOGYAKARTA MUNICIPALITY - Yogyakarta City, built in 1756 (almost 250 years ago), has a total population approximately of 500,000 in a total administrative area of 32.5 km2. Considering the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta (UAY), which has a total population of 1,3 million, Yogyakarta City can be considered as a metropolitant city. The city is situated in Merapi Mountain slope with elevation of approximately 117 m above the sea level. - The city economy is dominated by the sectors of trade, hotels and restaurants (tourism), services, packaging services, communication, and finance. Potential assets of Yogyakarta City are cultural and high educational assets, thereby being famous as Cultural City and Students City. - Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat and Malioboro area are the main tourism attractions of Yogyakarta City. - The Joint Secretariat of Yogyakarta-Sleman-Bantul (Karmantul Joint Secretariat) is the form of inter-municipal cooperation responsible for the joint management of the urban infrastructures in UAY. - The sectors of trade, tourism, education, and services are potential to be developed.
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GEOGRAPHY Basemap 2 - 2
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
SLEMAN CITY - As the capital of Sleman Regency, Sleman City is can be said to be a small city with a total population of approximately 50,000. The city tends to be a city of administratitive services and physically well-known as the office complex of Sleman Regency Government. Sleman Regency itself has a total population of 850,000 with a total area of 574.82 m2. - The southern part of Sleman Regency (the sub-districts of Depok, Gamping, and Mlati), which are close to Yogyakarta City, are rapid-growing areas covered in the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta. Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta State University ( ex-IKIP), and Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University of Yogyakarta (ex- Sunan Kalijaga IAIN) are situated in the UAY. - Tourism accomodations also grow in the UAY area. Almost 50% of total star hotels in Yogyakarta are situated in the area. The economy is evenly distributed in all sectors, especially in the sectors of trade, hotels and restaurants, agriculture, services, and manufacturing industries. - The sectors, of trade, Tourism, education, services are potential to be developed
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GEOGRAPHY
Basemap 2 - 3
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
BANTUL CITY
- Bantul City has a total population is of approximately 52,000. Bantul Regency itself with a total area of 506.85 km2 has a total population of 800,000. - Bantul City lies between Yogyakarta City in the north and Parangtritis and Samas in the south. The economy of the city is dominated by the sectors of trade, leather handicraft, traditional food industry (geplak), and services (hospitals, administration, bank). - Two sub-districts of Bantul Regency, i.e. Banguntapan and Sewon, are rapid-growing areas covered into the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta. - The sectors of agriculture, small-scale industries (foods and handicrafts) and services (tourism, education, and banks) are potential to be developed.
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GEOGRAPHY Basemap 2 - 4
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
WONOSARI CITY
- Wonosari is the capital city of Gunungkidul Regency. It is located in the center of Gunungkidul Regency. Urban community is relatively concentrated in Wonosari City, which has a total population of 74,000. Gunungkidul Regency itself, with a total area of 1488.36 km2, has a total population of approximately 670,000. - The economic growth of Wonosari stays static with the outstanding sectors of trade (mainly horticultural products and building materials) and services (banks, public services, including transportation). - The economy of Gunungkidul Regency is dominated by the sectors of agriculture, including husbandries and fisheries. The development potentials includes husbandries, fisheries, forest product manufacturing, and tourism (eco-tourism).
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
WATES CITY - Wates City, that has a total population of 47,000, is the capital of Kulon Progo Regency. Kulon Progo Regency itself, with a total area of 586.3 km2, has a total population of 450,000. - Wates City grows slowly eventhough the city is situated in south arterial road of Java (Yogyakarta-Purworejo-Cilacap-Bandung). - Wates City is the administrative centre of Kulon Progo Regency. There are several places of famous traditional food industries (jenang, wingko, gula semut). - The economy is dominated by the sectors of agriculture, services, and trade. - The development potentials includes horticulture cultivation (watermelon, spices, corns), coastal tourism (Trisik, Glagah, Congot), mountain tourism (Menoreh, Suralaya
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
MAGELANG CITY
- Magelang City has a total area of only 18.12 km2 divided into two sub-districts. There are approximately 115,000 people there in total. In the city, there is a mountain called Tidar Mountain in which people believe as the "nail" of Java Island. - Since the colonial time, this city has been used as a military training base camp. There is a Military Academy and Taruna Nusantara High School under the coordination between Taman Siswa Educational Institution and the Department of Defence. - The economy of this city is dominated by the sectors of services, transport and communication, including tourism. Magelang City also serves as a transit city between Yogyakarta and Semarang, Temanggung and Wonosobo. Its economic growth is also supported by the presence of two recreational sites of Taman Kyai Langgeng and Taman Gladiol.
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
KLATEN CITY
- Klaten City is the capital of Klaten Regency. There are approximately 150,000 people there in total (while Klaten Regency has a total population of 1,200,000). - The location is parallel to the City of Yogyakarta, on the foot slope of Merapi Mountain. This city is the center of handicrafts, metal foundry and food. There are not less than 35,000 industrial units in the entire Klaten, including the foreign investments. The economy of Klaten City is dominated by the sectors of trade, hotel and restaurant and manufacturing industries. - In general, agriculture is the biggest sector in the Regency of Klaten sektor. It is famous of its Delanggu rice, tobacco and sugar cane which become their main commodities, even for the Province of Central Java.
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
SALATIGA CITY
- Salatiga City is located on the slope of Merbabu with an elevation of between 450 and 800 m above the sealevel. Its location is very strategic as it can be accessed from Semarang, Surakarta and Yogyakarta. With a total area of 56 km2, this city has a total population of 150,000 (2,600 people/km2). - This cold city has been famous since 1970s due to the presence of Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana (UKSW), one of big universities in Indonesia. - The economy of this city is dominated by the sectors of services, including univerities, as well as industries and trade.
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
SURAKARTA CITY
- With the total area of 44 km2, Surakarta City has a total population of 500,000. In compared to the other cities, Surakarta can be said to be a metropolitant city. - The other name of the city is Sala City. In May 13-14, 1998, there was a mass riot, that destroyed most of city economic assets and resulted in economic crisis. This really made the city paralyzed. Nevertheless, the city is still famous to be Trade City and Klewer Market is the barometer of garments market, especially batik, in Central Java and DIY Provinces. - As a Cultural City, Surakarta has two kingdoms, namely Kraton Kasunan Surakarta Hadiningrat and Puro Mangkunegaran, that become tourism attractions in Central Java. - City economic is dominated by the sectors manufacturing industries (especially related to garments and batik) and trade (hotel and restaurant).
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GEOGRAPHY Basemap 2 - 10
REGIONAL ATLAS
MAIN REPORT
Special Province of Yogyakarta
SEMARANG CITY
- Semarang is the capital city of Central Java Province, that consists of 35 regencies/cities. Semarang city has a total area of 373,7 km2 with a total of 1,350,000 population (with a population density of 3,615 people/km2). Geographically, Semarang City is divided into two Zones, i.e. Candi Zone (Old and New) with an elevation of 270 m above the sealevel and Kota Bawah (downtown) Zone with an elevation of between 0.5 and 5 m above the sealevel. - Semarang City has been know as a big harbour city, even since the colonial time. Tanjung Emas Harbour is one of the assets of Semarang City. It has a strong influence on the other regions, including DIY. 60% of export commodities from DIY are shipped through this harbour. - The economy of Semarang City is dominated by the sectors of trade, hotel and restaurant, manufacturing industries and services.
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Laporan Utama
Special Province of Yogyakarta
WONOGIRI CITY · The City of Wonogiri has a total population of 80,000 people, while the Regency of Wonogiri with a total area of 1822,35 km2 has a total population of 970,000 people. · The City of Wonogiri is relatively close to the development center in the eastern part of East Java, i.e. the City of Surakarta. However, this regency has the biggest number of out-migrants going to big cities, like Jakarta. · The economic activities are mostly dominated by the agricultural sector (55%), the followed by the sectors of services, transportation and communication. The potential commodities are cassava and cashew nuts. · Development potentials: The City of Wonogiri serves as a center of administrative services and commercial activities, especialy for its hinterlands. Meanwhile, the Regency of Wonogiri is potential for dry-land cultivation (cassava and cashew nuts), fishery, handicraft, and tourism.
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GEOGRAFI
Basemap 2 - 12
REGIONAL ATLAS
Laporan Utama
Special Province of Yogyakarta
PURWOREJO CITY · · Purworejo City has a total population of 100,000 people, while the Regency of Purworejo, with a total area of 1034,82 km2, has a total population of 705,000 people. The City of Purworejo, with a total area of 52 km2, lies in the south part of Java Island. Based on "Kayu Ara Hiwang" ancient inscription found in 901 AD, the city is now 1004 years old. The ancient inscription was found in Banyuurip, a village located in the southern part of Purworejo City. · So far, the city only serves as an agricultural-based back country within the Island of Java Kota. Functionally, the City of Purworejo serves as the Capital City of Purworejo Regency. This city is less prospective compared to the sub-district of Kutoarjo. The sub-district is more prospective because it is passed by the arterial road and rail road connecting Yogyakarta--Bandung and Jakarta. · Development potentials: the city serves as a center of administrative services and local commercial activities. In general, the development of Purworejo Regency is based on such sectors as agriculture, services and tourism. The development of south-south corridor will be able to improve the economic condition of Purworejo Regency.
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REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Shares of Economic Sectors to Total GRDP in 2002 Agriculture Mining and Quarrying Industry 15.6%
20.3%
Electricity, Gas and Water 1.1%
Construction 13.2%
Trade
0.8% 8.5%
13.2%
P r ic e s ) 1993 7 8 1 ,3 4 1 5 9 ,2 7 0 5 1 1 ,4 3 9 2 0 ,2 3 0 4 2 2 ,3 0 0 6 2 3 ,5 6 1 4 6 7 ,2 6 3 4 1 5 ,6 0 9 8 3 4 ,5 1 6 4 ,1 3 5 ,5 2 9 2 ,9 6 9 ,1 7 8 1 ,3 9 2 ,8 1 9 -
1994 8 0 0 ,4 5 7 6 4 ,0 4 5 6 0 1 ,9 1 7 2 3 ,9 9 4 4 5 1 ,4 6 8 6 7 6 ,1 6 7 5 0 2 ,3 7 1 4 4 4 ,8 6 2 9 0 1 ,0 2 8 4 ,4 6 6 ,3 0 9 8 .0 0 % 2 ,9 9 0 ,5 0 2 0 .7 2 % 1 ,4 9 3 ,4 9 8 7 .2 3 %
1995 8 3 3 ,0 0 0 6 7 ,7 1 4 6 3 5 ,0 0 2 2 5 ,8 1 5 4 9 3 ,8 9 1 7 3 3 ,3 6 8 5 3 8 ,5 3 7 4 9 9 ,9 2 0 9 9 5 ,3 3 8 4 ,8 2 2 ,5 8 5 7 .9 8 % 3 ,0 1 1 ,9 7 9 0 .7 2 % 1 ,6 0 1 ,1 3 5 7 .2 1 %
1996 8 8 4 ,8 5 9 6 9 ,9 6 0 6 9 4 ,7 2 4 2 8 ,8 9 6 5 3 2 ,8 2 7 7 9 7 ,9 3 9 5 7 5 ,2 9 3 5 4 4 ,3 5 6 1 ,0 6 7 ,1 4 3 5 ,1 9 5 ,9 9 7 7 .7 4 % 3 ,0 3 3 ,6 1 0 0 .7 2 % 1 ,7 1 2 ,8 1 0 6 .9 7 %
1997 9 1 4 ,6 0 4 7 1 ,5 4 8 7 0 1 ,9 7 6 3 1 ,3 7 4 5 5 2 ,8 5 3 8 2 8 ,2 9 9 5 9 3 ,4 5 9 5 6 7 ,4 6 2 1 ,1 1 6 ,9 5 0 5 ,3 7 8 ,5 2 5 3 .5 1 % 3 ,0 5 5 ,3 9 7 0 .7 2 % 1 ,7 6 0 ,3 3 6 2 .7 7 %
1998 8 6 5 ,3 9 5 6 0 ,2 5 1 6 5 9 ,8 1 6 3 1 ,4 2 9 3 7 1 ,3 4 5 7 4 2 ,5 8 0 5 4 1 ,2 8 0 5 2 7 ,4 7 2 9 7 7 ,6 3 1 4 ,7 7 7 ,1 9 9 -1 1 .1 8 % 3 ,0 7 7 ,3 4 1 0 .7 2 % 1 ,5 5 2 ,3 7 9 -1 1 .8 1 %
1999 8 1 7 ,8 1 1 6 0 ,4 7 6 6 8 2 ,4 4 0 3 5 ,3 4 4 3 8 3 ,2 6 9 7 6 1 ,0 0 7 5 5 2 ,8 1 2 5 3 1 ,0 0 7 1 ,0 0 0 ,2 7 9 4 ,8 2 4 ,4 4 5 0 .9 9 % 3 ,0 9 9 ,4 4 1 0 .7 2 % 1 ,5 5 6 ,5 5 3 0 .2 7 %
1993 1 8 .9 % 1 .4 % 1 2 .4 % 0 .5 % 1 0 .2 % 1 5 .1 % 1 1 .3 % 1 0 .0 % 2 0 .2 % 1 0 0 .0 %
1994 1 7 .9 % 1 .4 % 1 3 .5 % 0 .5 % 1 0 .1 % 1 5 .1 % 1 1 .2 % 1 0 .0 % 2 0 .2 % 1 0 0 .0 %
1995 1 7 .3 % 1 .4 % 1 3 .2 % 0 .5 % 1 0 .2 % 1 5 .2 % 1 1 .2 % 1 0 .4 % 2 0 .6 % 1 0 0 .0 %
1996 1 7 .0 % 1 .3 % 1 3 .4 % 0 .6 % 1 0 .3 % 1 5 .4 % 1 1 .1 % 1 0 .5 % 2 0 .5 % 1 0 0 .0 %
1997 1 7 .0 % 1 .3 % 1 3 .1 % 0 .6 % 1 0 .3 % 1 5 .4 % 1 1 .0 % 1 0 .6 % 2 0 .8 % 1 0 0 .0 %
1998 1 8 .1 % 1 .3 % 1 3 .8 % 0 .7 % 7 .8 % 1 5 .5 % 1 1 .3 % 1 1 .0 % 2 0 .5 % 1 0 0 .0 %
2000 9 0 1 ,3 8 0 6 0 ,5 5 5 6 6 4 ,1 1 5 3 8 ,1 2 8 4 0 0 ,8 5 9 7 9 1 ,6 2 1 6 0 9 ,5 9 4 5 2 4 ,5 1 2 1 ,0 2 6 ,9 4 6 5 ,0 1 7 ,7 1 0 4 .0 1 % 3 ,1 2 1 ,7 0 1 0 .7 2 % 1 ,6 0 7 ,3 6 4 3 .2 6 %
2001 8 8 6 ,9 9 0 6 0 ,9 1 7 6 7 7 ,4 8 6 3 9 ,0 0 5 4 1 2 ,3 5 5 8 4 6 ,6 3 4 6 7 2 ,9 2 2 5 4 3 ,4 7 1 1 ,0 4 2 ,7 6 4 5 ,1 8 2 ,5 4 4 3 .2 9 % 3 ,1 4 4 ,1 2 0 0 .7 2 % 1 ,6 4 8 ,3 2 9 2 .5 5 %
2002 8 3 5 ,9 8 7 6 1 ,0 1 8 7 0 5 ,1 5 7 4 0 ,5 4 7 4 5 5 ,0 4 6 8 6 3 ,1 2 4 7 0 6 ,7 2 8 6 0 3 ,3 9 7 1 ,0 8 6 ,6 6 5 5 ,3 5 7 ,6 6 9 3 .3 8 % 3 ,1 6 6 ,7 0 1 0 .7 2 % 1 ,6 9 1 ,8 7 7 2 .6 4 %
0 2 /9 7 9 1 .4 % 8 5 .3 % 1 0 0 .5 % 1 2 9 .2 % 8 2 .3 % 1 0 4 .2 % 1 1 9 .1 % 1 0 6 .3 % 9 7 .3 % 9 9 .6 %
9 6 .1 %
Source: DIY dalam Angka 2002
Transportation and Communication Finance and Related Services Services
11.3%
G R D P D IY ( In M Il lio n R p a t C o n s t a n t 1 9 9 3 No. S e c to r 1 A g r ic u ltu r e 2 M in in g a n d Q u a r r y i n g 3 In d u s tr y 4 E le c tr ic ity , G a s a n d W a t e r 5 C o n s t r u c tio n 6 T ra d e 7 T r a n s p o r ta t io n a n d C o m m u n ic a tio n 8 F in a n c e a n d R e la te d S e rv ic e s 9 S e r v ic e s T o ta l G R D P % C h a n g e in T o t a l G R D P P o p u la t io n % C h a n g e in P o p u la tio n P e r C a p it a G R D P ( R p ) % C h a n g e in P e r C a p it a G R D P
16.1%
Source : DIY Dalam Angka 2002
Annual Sectoral Growth Rates from 1994 to 2002 30.0%
G R D P D I Y : S e c t o ra l S h a r e t o T o t a l No. S e c to r 1 A g r ic u lt u r e 2 M in in g a n d Q u a r r y in g 3 I n d u s tr y 4 E le c t r ic i ty , G a s a n d W a t e r 5 C o n s tr u c t io n 6 T ra d e 7 T r a n s p o r t a tio n a n d C o m m u n ic a t io n 8 F in a n c e a n d R e la t e d S e r v ic e s 9 S e r v ic e s T o ta l
1999 1 7 .0 % 1 .3 % 1 4 .1 % 0 .7 % 7 .9 % 1 5 .8 % 1 1 .5 % 1 1 .0 % 2 0 .7 % 1 0 0 .0 %
2000 1 8 .0 % 1 .2 % 1 3 .2 % 0 .8 % 8 .0 % 1 5 .8 % 1 2 .1 % 1 0 .5 % 2 0 .5 % 1 0 0 .0 %
2001 1 7 .1 % 1 .2 % 1 3 .1 % 0 .8 % 8 .0 % 1 6 .3 % 1 3 .0 % 1 0 .5 % 2 0 .1 % 1 0 0 .0 %
2002 1 5 .6 % 1 .1 % 1 3 .2 % 0 .8 % 8 .5 % 1 6 .1 % 1 3 .2 % 1 1 .3 % 2 0 .3 % 1 0 0 .0 %
Source: DIY dalam Angka 2002 20.0%
10.0%
0.0% 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
-10.0%
-20.0%
-30.0%
-40.0%
Agriculture Mining and Quarrying Industry Electricity, Gas and Water Construction Trade Transportation and Communication Finance and Related Serv ices Services Total GRDP
Sumber : DIY Dalam Angka 2002
Structure and Performance of Regional Economy Facts • With gross regional domestic product (GRDP) in 2002 of Rp 5,358 billion, the economy of DIY can be said to have returned to the level prior to the economic crisis that was 99.6% of the 1997 leve. However, based on the current economic growth of 3.4%, this figure is much lower than that prior to the economic crisis, which was 8%. • The biggest contributor to the GDP is the Services sector. Its share was 20.3%. • Trade sector has overtaken agriculture, accounting for 16.1% of the regional output in 2002 compared to Agriculture’s 15.6%. Trend • The economy of the province will continue to expand, at a relatively slower pace. • The economy of the province will shift to the tertiary sector. This is indicated by the increasing contribution of the services sector and the declining contribution of the agricultural sector. Factor • The province has relatively small area of arable fertile land. • Moreover, there has been a sustained conversion of arable fertile land into other uses, mostly residential and commercial/industrial. • Official policy favors the tertiary sector, with the positioning of the province as a center of tourism, culture, education, and retail trade.
G R D P D IY : G ro w th R ate s No. S ecto r 1 A gric ulture 2 M inin g a nd Q u arry ing 3 Indus try 4 E lec tric ity , G a s a nd W ate r 5 C o nstru c tio n 6 T ra de 7 T ra nspo rtation an d C om m u nic ation 8 F inanc e an d R ela ted S erv ice s 9 S erv ic e s T o ta l G R D P
19 94 2.4% 8.1% 17 .7% 18 .6% 6.9% 8.4% 7.5% 7.0% 8.0% 8.0%
19 95 4.1% 5.7% 5.5% 7.6% 9.4% 8.5% 7.2% 12 .4% 10 .5% 8.0%
19 96 6.2% 3.3% 9.4% 11 .9% 7.9% 8.8% 6.8% 8.9% 7.2% 7.7%
19 97 3.4% 2.3% 1.0% 8.6% 3.8% 3.8% 3.2% 4.2% 4.7% 3.5%
19 98 -5.4% -15 .8% -6.0% 0.2% -32 .8% -10 .3% -8.8% -7.0% -12 .5% -11 .2%
19 99 -5.5% 0.4% 3.4% 12 .5% 3.2% 2.5% 2.1% 0.7% 2.3% 1.0%
20 00 10 .2% 0.1% -2.7% 7.9% 4.6% 4.0% 10 .3% -1.2% 2.7% 4.0%
20 01 -1.6% 0.6% 2.0% 2.3% 2.9% 6.9% 10 .4% 3.6% 1.5% 3.3%
20 02 10 -Yr A ve. A ve. 93 -97 A ve. -5.8% 0.9% 4.0% 0.2% 0.5% 4.8% 4.1% 3.8% 8.4% 4.0% 8.2% 11 .7% 10 .4% 1.8% 7.0% 1.9% 3.8% 7.4% 5.0% 4.9% 6.2% 11 .0% 4.4% 8.1% 4.2% 3.2% 7.6% 3.4% 3.1% 6.8%
98 -02 -1.6% -2.9% 0.2% 5.4% -2.4% 1.0% 3.8% 1.4% -0.3% 0.1%
Source: DIY Dalam Angka 2002
Strength The strengths of the provincial economy are as follows: • There is enough indication that the aforementioned development policy is bearing fruit with the strength shown by Construction, Trade, and Services sectors. • In spite of disruptions in other parts of the country, the province has been able to maintain a stable peace and order situation. Opportunity From the general performance of the provincial economy, the following opportunities can be derived: • Based on its past performance, there is a possibility of reinvigorating agriculture, especially livestock, which expanded by 35.8% in 2000. Also, it is important to note that about 50% of the livestock consumed in the province is of external origin. • There is also the possibility of hastening the already observable trend of broadening the reach of the province’s retail trade subsector to encompass areas of Central Java.
Weakness • The factors ushering the trend can at the same time be considered as the weaknesses of the provincial economy. In addition, there is also the lack of natural resources and the inability to support large-scale industries. The undue bias toward the tertiary sector may have caused the continuing decline of the primary sector. Threat The following threats can be identified: • The continuing decline in agricultural production could exacerbate the already serious problem of rural poverty. • Displaced farm workers, with inadequate skills for employment in other sectors, could continue migrating to cities in search of employment, worsening such urban problems as crime, congestion, and inadequate public services. • Disruptions in peace and order in other parts of the country would surely have adverse effects on the provincial economy.
Potentials • There is a possibility to develop the agricltural sector, especially horticulture, livestocks, fishery which still come from other regions. • The trade sector is potential to be developed, especially handicrafts (stones, wood, batik, leather, ceramic, etc.) • The services sector (tourism accomodations and high educational facilities) is also potential to be developed.
Constraints • The land price is high because of the land speculator. • Taffic jams take place, especially in the urban centers. • The business climate has not been conducive, indicated by inefficient permit application, no legal guarantee, lack of information, and poor spatial zoning. • The image of ‘the cuty of education and culture’ has recently got faded.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
GDRP 3 - 1
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
DIY 's Exports, 1995, 2002 & 2003 C ra ft S e c to r § § § E E E
1995 (pre-crisis)
Commodity
C r a ft T e x tile
Handicraft and Industry Product
US $ 000 Tons
Fishery and Agriculture Products
US $ 000 Tons
Others
US $ 000 Tons
Total Exports
2002
33,319
105,201
-
37,000
-
4,938
-
232
125
-
-
-
-
-
110,139
115,319
37,232
35,643
33,444
US $ 000
-
Tons
2003 108,237 33,025 7,082 2,618
Source: Industry and Trade Services, DIY, BPS DIY Province
Export of Handicraft and Industri Product DIY Province 1998-2003 (US$ 000) Commodity
Source : Dinas Perindustrian
Handicrafts Facts • Crafts are considered to be one of the most important sectors of Yogyakarta’s local economy. About 40% of the total number of industries or 30,587 work units in Yogyakarta is in craft industry. The export value of Yogyakarta’s craft products is US$ 108 million, accounting for about 12% of the total national export value of craft products in 2003 • The major crafts of Yogyakarta are: furniture, batik, silver items, shoes/suitcases, terracotta/ ceramic items, etc. Textile handicrafts (batik), wooden products and leather products are also competitive advantage of DIY’scraft. • Craft productions are conducted mostly by home industries and following four types of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Trends • In 2001 craft businesses accounted for 24,167 and in 2002, they decreased to 23,033. The export value of craft in 2003 also decreased by 1.7%, which it increased annually by 3.2% during the period between 1998 and 2003. • Handicrafts for the next 5-10 years will be the major export of DIY. • There is an indication that raw material for wooden sub-products (furniture) will be difficult to find. Factors • Decrease in number of craft businesses and also export value due to business regrouping, while decrease of export value is due to market fluctuation at reasonable level. • Potential demand for specific DIY’s craft commodities (batik and wooden items). • International demand for high-quality handicrafts is less supported by adequate resources, considering that bestquality wood is scarce, costly and needs decades of cultivation.
1998
2000
2002
2003
Wooden Furniture
15,029
20,503
31,659
30,570
Textiles
36,530
41,385
26,699
38,447
506
1,748
4,209
10,242
24,263
21,221
Various Hadicrafts* Gloves, Tanned Leather & Leather Products Others
23,725
13,251
17,375
19,987
23,310
7,756
Total
93,165
96,874
110,140
108,236
Source: Industry and Trade Services, DIY
Strengths • Available skilled work force and close relationship with educational institutions and art designers/artists. • Every municipality/city in DIY has specific craft commodities. • Strong synergy with tourism strengthening program. • Open international routes and increase in national routes in Adisucipto Airport. Opportunities • Very potential Yogyakarta’s tourist attractions, including its potential for MICE. • Yogyakarta also a target for handicraft marketing promotion at regional to national level. • Diversified types of handicraft are suitable to market demand, but still indicate the specific products of Yogyakarta.
Weaknesses • Varied product quality standards. • Other region is still relied on as a medium for DIY’s export commodities marketing. • Less awareness of “Yogyakarta” brand as an identify and product quality guarantee. • Too low labor wages.
Development Potentials • Development of culture villages producing handicrafts. • Research and development of DIY’s handicraft products quality, inclusive of Jogja Labeling. • Development of fair-trade and eco-labeling for Yogya’s handicraft products. • Development of ‘Jogja Inc.’ for Yogya’s handicraft products.
Development Constraints • No inter-municipal agreement to make a kind of ‘Jogja Inc’ for craft products of each regency/municipality. • Product standardization and labeling are still partially made.
Threats DIY’s less competitive craft commodities compared to • that of other region/country optimizing its resources through efficient production process, standardizedproduct quality, and coordinated marketing. Lost skilled work force to other region/country. •
ECONOMY
Triple – A
Handicraft 3 - 7
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Poverty Facts • The poverty incidence (based on the data from BPS, 2004) declined from 790,000 people or 25.49% in 1999 to 635,700 people or 20.1% in 2002. The percentage of poverty incidence in DIY is relatively lower compared to that of the national level, but higher compared to that of the island group of Java and Bali. • With regards to the life expectancy, literacy, access to clean water, access to health facilities and nutrition, the Human Poverty Index (HPI) of DIY in 2002 was in the second rank after DKI. • With regards to the life expectancy, educational levels and household expenses, the Human Development Index (HDI) of DIY was in the third rank after DKI and North Sulawesi. It shows that the human development level in DIY is relatively high in Indonesia. • With regards to the GRDP per capita based on both current and constant prices, GRDP per capita in Kulon Progo Regency is the lowest, and even lower than the national poverty incidence. Trend • While the regional economy has continued to grow since 1999, this growth has not been evenly distributed among the provincial population. There is an observable trend, wherein the fruits of economic growth are mostly enjoyed by the urban population as demonstrated by the higher incidence of poverty (37,5%) as well as the lower rate of poverty reduction in the rural areas of the province (-6,45%).
Poverty Incidence 1999 Area People Kota National 12,400,000 Jawa-Bali 11,300,000 DIY 480,000 Desa National 25,100,000 Jawa-Bali 17,500,000 DIY 310,000 Total National 37,500,000 Jawa-Bali 28,800,000 DIY 790,000
%
2002 People
%
Perubahan People %
15.10 20.16 23.81
13,300,000 9,300,000 300,000
14.46 14.30 16.17
900,000 7.26 (2,000,000) -17.70 (180,000) -37.50
20.20 26.00 30.79
25,100,000 12,600,000 330,000
21.10 20.25 25.96
0.00 0.00 (4,900,000) -28.00 20000.00 6.45
25.20 23.08 25.49
38,400,000 21,900,000 630,000
25.01 17.28 19.89
900,000 2.40 (6,900,000) -23.96 (160,000) -20.25
Source: BPS 2004
Factors • One of the factors bringing about the foregoing trend is the continuing decline of outputs from Agriculture, which in 2002 further declined by 5.8% after a contraction of 1.6% in 2001. Behind this is the apparent investment bias toward the tertiary sectors and the corresponding de-emphasis of the primary sectors. Poverty Line Per Capita (In Rp) 1999
Per Capita Income
Kota
Per month Per year
2002 Desa
Kota
Desa
89.845
69.420
130.499
96.512
1,078.140
833.040
1.565.988
1.158.144
Source: Statistik Indonesia 2002
GRDP Per Capita in DIY and Five Constituent Municipalities (In Rp, Constant Price 1993) Area
1999
2002
% Change
Current 1,556,553
Nominal 3,795,195
Current 1,691,877
Nominal 5,215,431
Current 8.69%
Nominal 37.42%
932,317
2,450,865
992,126
2,988,247
6.42%
21.93%
Bantul Regency
1,062,871
2,597,779
1,127,128
3,470,523
6.05%
33.60%
Gunungkidul Regency
1,354,421
2,998,830
1,430,572
3,877,682
5.62%
29.31%
Sleman Regency
1,580,859
3,573,625
1,688,262
5,188,757
6.79%
45.20%
Yogyakarta City
3,281,726
7,189,956
3,662,186
10,594,545
11.59%
47.35%
DIY Kulon Progo Regency
Source: Derived from Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Dalam Angka 2001 and 2002
Welfare of DIY Province and Neighboring Provinces, 2002 Percentage of Poverty Human Poverty Regions Incidence Index DIY Kulon Progo Bantul Gunungkidul Slem an Yogyakarta Central Jav a East Jav a W est Java DKI Source: BPS 2004
20,1 25,1 19,8 25,9 16,7 14,5 23,1 21,9 13,4 3,4
16,1 17,7 17 16,4 15,1 14,3 21 21,7 23 13,2
HPI Ranking 2 63 53 47 33 28 6 7 11 1
Human Development Index 70,8 69,4 68,4 67,1 72,7 75,3 66,3 64,1 65,8 75,6
HDI Ranking 3 76 94 140 30 3 13 25 17 1
Strengths • Human Poverty Index (HDI) and Human Development Index (HDI) in DIY are cosidered the highest in Indonesia. Adequate health service, high life-expectance and low infant mortality are the strengths of DIY in the context of pro-poor. • There is also a thriving shadow economy in the informal sector represented by the ubiquitous ambulant vendors (pedagang kaki lima) that provides income and thus serves as a safety net for both urban and rural dwellers alike. Opportunities • There is ample room for further boosting agricultural productivity to somehow ease the income disparity between the urban and rural areas. Among those that might be considered as potential bright spots in agriculture are livestock, and fisheries, which has continued to grow year by year, except at the height of the national crisis in 1998. • The opening up of the province to international commercial aviation should enable farm produce to fetch higher prices from export markets.
Potentials • The poverty reduction starts from the rural areas by strengthening the economic performance of the agricultural sector. • It is necessary to give training to the urban open unemployment.
Weaknesses • Economic expansion in DIY averaging at about 2.2% per year during the last two years is just not adequate to make significant inroads into poverty reduction and provide employment to all segments of the population that may be considered at economically productive age groups. • There likewise is an uneven distribution of the results of economic growth, causing poverty to be more and more concentrated in rural areas. Threats • The continuing preference accorded to the tertiary sector, even among policy makers, could continue to threaten the viability of economic activities in the primary sector, further worsening the urban-rural income disparity and the concentration of the poor in rural areas. • Rural people may develop the impression that they are caught in a vicious cycle of declining agricultural outputs and increasing poverty, which may trigger massive migration from rural to urban areas in search of economic opportunities. This, in turn, could cause disruptions in public services and rapid degradation in urban living conditions Constraints • Potential workers in the rural areas migrate to the urban areas. • The development of big economic facilities neglects that of the grass-root economic facilities.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
General 3 - 2
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
CITIES DIY-CENTRAL JAVA
Java Island Source : Topographical Map , Bakosurtanal
Comparison of Export Earnings in 2002 Region Indian Ocean
DIY Central Java
Inter-Regional Linkages Facts • GRDP figures, by themselves, give little indications on inter-dependencies between DIY and other regions in then country, such as the adjacent province of Central Java. For example, there is hardly any data as to what amount and proportion of DIY’s outputs are exported to other regions and, conversely, to what extent the province is dependent on other regions for its various needs.Whatever indications are available or can be derived from GRDP figures present, at best, incomplete pictures, and are used here keeping in mind this caveat • Based on exports to other countries, DIY can be considered a relatively inward looking economy. Exports in 2002 amounted to US$ 110 million was only about 6% of GRDP at current prices. In contrast, Central Java’s total export earnings of US$ 1.95 billion accounted for over 11.2% of its nominal GRDP in 2002. In 1989, the year in which data are available, DIY was a net importer to the extent of 28.1% of its GRDP. • DIY imported as much as 60.5% of its consumption of cattle, goats, and sheep, and about the same proportion of its needs for poultry Trend • The foregoing indications seem to suggest that DIY is economically more dependent on other regions in Indonesia rather than the other way around, especially to supplement its inadequate production of foodstuff.. Factors • The factors already cited in relation to other aspects of regional economic structure and performance are likewise valid here. Such factors include the limited arable fertile land of the province, its limited natural resources, and the continuing emphasis on the performance of the tertiary sector to fuel economic growth.
Exp 2002 (In US$ Million) 110 1.950
Rp Equiv (In Million) 991.260 17.550.000
Nominal GRDP (In Million Rp) 16.515.712 156.418.300
Export as % of GRDP 6,0% 11,2%
Source : DIY – Jawa Tengah Dalam Angka, 2002
Strength • The inward orientation of the regional economy can be considered a strength as it is generally shielded from the disruptive cycles of external markets.
Opportunity • Existing figures suggest that there is opportunity for increasing exports as a percentage of GRDP. For example, for DIY’s export to just approximate the proportion in Central Java would already mean a doubling of export earnings. • At the same time, import-substitution appears a widely open field, especially the production of foodstuff, such as cattle and poultry. Potentials • It is necessary to conduct a regional coordination among DIY and the neighbouring provinces/regencies/cities to anticipate the development the southern area. For instance: the development poultry products, fish-processing factory, tourism, education, health, etc.
Weakness Such orientation, however, becomes a weakness when the regional economy itself cannot generate sufficient internal demand for economic expansion, as suggested by the relatively higher incidence of poverty in the province compared to the national average. It also becomes a weakness when the province itself is dependent on the production of other regions to support its consumption. Threat • Disruptions in the supply chain, as what happened during the height of the crisis in 1998, could at the same easily disrupt the supply of imported basic commodities to the province.
Constraints • Inter-regional competition with the same services and captive markets.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
GDRP 3 - 3
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Annual Growth Rates of GRDP of DIY and Its Constituent Municipalities
15.00%
Comparison of Per Capita GRDP of DIY and Its Constituent Municipalities
10.00%
4,000,000 3,500,000
5.00%
3,000,000 2,500,000
0.00% -5.00%
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000
2002
500,000 -
-10.00%
1993
-15.00%
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
-20.00%
DIY
Year DIY
Kulon Progo
Bantul
Gunungkidul
Sleman
Kulon Progo
Bantul
Gunungkidul
Sleman
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta
Contributions of Municipalities to Provincial GRDP 35.0% 30.0% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 10.0% 5.0% 0.0% 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year Kabupaten Kulon Progo
Kabupaten Bantul
Kabupaten Gunungkidul
Kabupaten Sleman
Kota Yogyakarta
GRDP of DIY and Its Constituent Municipalities (In Million Rp at Constant 1993 Prices) No. Area 1 DIY 2 Kulon Progo 3 Bantul 4 Gunungkidul 5 Sleman 6 Yogyakarta Source : DIY Dalam Angka 1993-2002
1993 4,135,529 399,454 701,852 750,904 1,139,135 1,068,540
1994 4,466,309 408,785 757,813 807,057 1,235,258 1,160,094
1995 4,822,585 415,042 812,682 865,434 1,336,030 1,275,361
1996 5,195,997 436,330 867,199 925,738 1,446,210 1,391,715
1997 5,378,525 447,571 893,352 960,495 1,497,330 1,458,020
1998 4,777,199 384,783 809,932 890,348 1,378,089 1,296,097
1999 4,824,445 346,061 820,611 905,619 1,404,658 1,309,435
2000 5,017,710 352,854 845,718 930,497 1,451,772 1,356,541
2001 5,182,544 359,651 871,970 950,887 1,509,835 1,398,143
2002 5,357,669 367,557 900,841 964,596 1,567,685 1,443,414 5,244,093
02/97 99.6% 82.1% 100.8% 100.4% 100.8% 99.0%
Annual Growth Rates of Per Capita GRDP of DIY and Its Constituent Municipalities
Source : BAPPEDA Propinsi DIY
Inter-Municipal Linkages Facts • Shares of municipalities to provincial GRDP in 2002 ranged from 7% for Kabupaten Kulon Progo to over 29% for Kabupaten Sleman. Growth rate was likewise uneven. Before the crisis ion 1997, Kota Yogyakarta led all the other municipalities with an average expansion of over 9%. After the crisis, however, Kabupaten Sleman started to outpace Kota Yogyakarta. In 2002, only the economy of Kabupaten Sleman grew at a faster clip than the average for the entire province. • Likewise, there are considerable disparities in per capita GRDP. Per capita GRDP in Kota Yogyakarta in 2002 was almost four times the per capita GRDP in Kabupaten Kulon Progo, more than three times the per capita GRDP in Kabupaten Bantul, and more than twice the per capita GRDPs in Kabupaten Gunungkidul and Kabupaten Sleman. • Except for Kota Yogyakarta, the 2002 per capita GRDPs in all the other municipalities, measured at constant 1993 prices, remained their pre-crisis level, again with Kabupaten Kulon Progo showing the worst performance at only 82% of the 1997 figure. Trend • The disparities in economic performance of municipalities comprising DIY is growing, with Kabupaten Kulon Progo being left behind in terms of both aggregate and per capita outputs. There is also a growing concentration of wealth in urban areas as demonstrated by the very high per capita GRDP of Kota Yogyakarta relative to the other municipalities. Factors • One factor behind the disparities is basically difference in natural resource endowments. The inclination to promote the secondary and tertiary economic sectors, however, also plays a significant role, especially in the concentration of wealth in the cities.
No. Area 1 DIY 2 Kulon Progo 3 Bantul 4 Gunungkidul 5 Sleman 6 Yogyakarta Source : DIY Dalam Angka 1993-2002
1994 7.23% 2.37% 6.70% 7.14% 6.82% 8.98%
1995 7.21% 1.57% 5.98% 6.90% 6.55% 10.35%
1996 6.97% 5.17% 5.46% 6.64% 6.64% 9.54%
Strength • There are municipalities, like Kota Yogyakarta and Kabupaten Sleman, which could serve as locomotives for a more rapid economic expansion in the entire province. • The province boasts of one of the best infrastructure facilities in the entire country that could serve as the backbone of intermunicipal economic linkages.
Opportunity • The laws on local government autonomy gives local governments a wider leeway in which to pursue cooperative undertakings with other municipalities, which should give impetus for stronger linkages among the municipalities in DIY. Inter-municipal linkages have in fact been working in the area of public infrastructure planning, implementation, and operation and maintenance. • At the same time, the provincial government has also been touting the ‘Jogja Inc.’ slogan in an attempt to organize the municipalities into a united force in pursuit of economic growth and a more balanced regional development. Potential • Economic development cooperation among local governments in DIY Province based on functional region development, such as response for plan/policy to develop ‘Jogja Inc’. • Local autonomy is direct opportunity to make development cooperation among the local government, not only in the same province but to cooperation with local government in neighboring province.
1997 2.77% 2.62% 1.82% 3.44% 2.00% 5.17%
1998 -11.81% -13.99% -10.39% -7.58% -9.32% -10.73%
1999 0.27% -10.01% 0.15% 1.42% 0.43% 1.41%
2000 3.26% 2.02% 1.87% 2.46% 1.84% 4.02%
2001 2.55% 1.99% 1.92% 1.91% 2.48% 3.49%
2002 2.64% 2.27% 2.13% 1.16% 2.32% 3.67%
Weakness • While the municipalities are sufficiently linked physically, they seem to still act individually in pursuing economic growth. One case in point is that Kabupaten Kulon Progo appears to have not really benefited from the consistently healthy economic performance of Kabupaten Sleman even if these two municipalities are adjacent to each other. To date, there has also been no significant cooperative economic endeavor among the municipalities to optimally exploit their complementarities Threat • The same laws on local government autonomy serve as a threat as they also give rise to parochialism among local leaders, leading to unhealthy, ‘beggar thy neighbor’ competition among the municipalities. • Also, competition with other locations outside DIY is a constant factor that could limit the overall economic growth of the regional economy.
Constraint • Local governments in DIY Province each other still inward orientation on the local economic development. Administrative boundary made limitation or constraint for widening economic development with the neighboring local government. Especially, conservative opinion in each local parliament about cooperation with other local government and economic development base on functional region more than administrative boundary, ansich.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
GDRP 3 - 4
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Shares of Economic Sectors to Total Provincial GRDP
Rural-Urban Area by Statiscally Criteria
90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 10-Yr. Ave. Primary Sectors
Secondary Sectors
Tertiary Sectors
Combined Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
C o m p a r is o n o f S e c t o r a l G R D P s o f D IY (G R D P in R p M illio n , a t C o n s t ta n t 1 9 9 3 P r ic e s )
1 1 .1 1 .2 2 2 .1 2 .2 3 3 .1 3 .2 4 4 .1 4 .2
S e cto r P ri m a r y S e c t o r s Real GRDP G ro w th R a te S e c o n d a ry S e c to rs Real GRDP G ro w th R a te T e r tia ry S e c to rs Real GRDP G ro w th R a te C o m b in e d S e c o n d a r y a n d T e r tia r y S e cto rs Real GRDP G ro w th R a te
1 9 93
1 9 94
1 9 95
1 9 96
1 9 97
1 9 98
1 9 99
2 0 00
2 0 01
2 0 02
8 4 0,61 1
8 6 4,50 2 2 .8 %
9 0 0,71 4 4 .2 %
9 5 4,81 9 6 .0 %
9 8 6,15 2 3 .3 %
9 2 5,64 6 -6 .1 %
8 7 8,28 7 -5 .1 %
9 6 1,93 5 9 .5 %
9 4 7,90 7 -1 .5 %
8 9 7,00 5 -5 .4 %
0 .9 %
5 1 1,43 9
6 0 1,91 7 1 7 .7 %
6 3 5,00 2 5 .5 %
6 9 4,72 4 9 .4 %
7 0 1,97 6 1 .0 %
6 5 9,81 6 -6 .0 %
6 8 2,44 0 3 .4 %
6 6 4,11 5 -2 .7 %
6 7 7,48 6 2 .0 %
7 0 5,15 7 4 .1 %
3 .8 %
2 ,7 8 3 ,4 7 9
2 ,9 9 9 ,8 9 0 7 .8 %
3 ,2 8 6 ,8 6 9 9 .6 %
3 ,5 4 6 ,4 5 4 7 .9 %
3 ,6 9 0 ,3 9 7 4 .1 %
3 ,1 9 1 ,7 3 7 -1 3 .5 %
3 ,2 6 3 ,7 1 8 2 .3 %
3 ,3 9 1 ,6 6 0 3 .9 %
3 ,5 5 7 ,1 5 1 4 .9 %
3 ,7 5 5 ,5 0 7 5 .6 %
3 .6 %
3 ,6 0 1 ,8 0 7 9 .3 %
3 ,9 2 1 ,8 7 1 8 .9 %
4 ,2 4 1 ,1 7 8 8 .1 %
4 ,3 9 2 ,3 7 3 3 .6 %
3 ,8 5 1 ,5 5 3 -1 2 .3 %
3 ,9 4 6 ,1 5 8 2 .5 %
4 ,0 5 5 ,7 7 5 2 .8 %
4 ,2 3 4 ,6 3 7 4 .4 %
4 ,4 6 0 ,6 6 4 5 .3 %
3 .6 %
3 ,2 9 4 ,9 1 8
Comparative Annual Growth Rates of Various Economic Sectors
Sectoral Shares in Local Economies in 2002 120% 20.0%
100%
L e g en d : U rb a n R u ra l
15.0%
80%
10.0%
60%
5.0%
40%
0.0%
20%
-5.0%
0%
Urban – Rural Linkages Facts • From the vantage point of structure, the regional economy of DIY can be said to be more urban- than ruralbased. • During the last ten years, the tertiary sector contributed 70% to the regional economy of DIY and the combined secondary and tertiary sectors for over 80% of average annual output. On the other hand, the contribution from the primary sectors was only 20%. • From the contributions of various economic sectors, the local economy of Kabupaten Gunungkidul can be said to be the most rural-based followed by Kabupaten Kulon Progo, with the shares of the primary sectors in these two municipalities at respectively 37.7% and 30.5%. The local economies of Kota Yogyakarta, with a primary-sector share of less than 1%, can be considered as the most urban-based, followed by Kabupaten Sleman whose primary sectors contributed 14.5% of total GDRP in 2002. Kabupaten Bantul can be placed in the mid-range with the share of the primary sectors at 22.7%. Trend • One trend that can be observed is the growing separation among the economic sectors in DIY, with the expansion especially of the secondary and tertiary sectors not necessarily translated into positive gains in the primary sectors and vice versa. The implication could be that the secondary and tertiary sectors are more and more looking for external sources, beyond the boundaries of the province, for their needed production inputs. Factor • The emphasis on the tertiary sectors as the main engines of economic activity in the province could be considered as a contributing factor. The proliferation of commercial establishments that are part of national and even international chains seems to be working to the disadvantage of local suppliers as these establishments mostly rely on centralized purchasing arrangements. On the other hand, the quality of local products, especially farm produce, may not be up to the standards of national and international commercial establishments.
1 0 -Y r. A v e .
1994
(1)
(2)
(3)
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Bantul
Gunungkidul
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
10-Yr. Ave.
-15.0%
2+3
-20.0% Primary Sectors
Kulon Progo
1995
-10.0%
Sleman
Secondary Sectors
Tertiary Sectors
Combined Secondary and Tertiary Sectors
Yogyakarta
Strength • The relatively good infrastructure in DIY, such as roads and transportation, provides a strong foundation for closer linkages and complementation between the urban- and rural-based economies of the province. • Also, the relatively small land area of the province means that rural hinterlands are not really that distant from urban centers, such that exchange of goods and services, especially perishable ones, should not really pose a big logistical problem.
Opportunity • Assuming that urban-rural linkages can be strengthened, there is an opportunity in redirecting the primary sector toward producing the inputs needed by the secondary and tertiary sectors.
Potentials • Development of the agricultural products that are sensitive to the urban needs, especially the rural commodities that are, so far, supplied from other provinces or even other countries. • Development of comprehensive economic activities covering the urban-rural linkages in DIY, for instance the development of village-based tourism (village tourism objects, kampong handicraft centers, village-featuring restaurants, etc).
Weakness • There seems to be a lack of sufficient effort to promote a better performance of the primary sectors, especially agriculture, in terms of both quantity and quality of outputs. • On the other hand, economic activities that are being promoted in the urban areas do not seem to have any need for inputs originating from rural areas. • This situation results in two vulnerabilities: The rural economy is left to fend for itself, while the urban economy is subject to external volatilities, especially in the prices and timely availability of inputs. Threat • The disconnection between the urban and rural economies will result in continuing widening gap between the incomes of urban and rural populations, the massive migration of rural people to urban areas, and the worsening of the living conditions in urban areas. Constraints • The existing development polices give the perception that the primary sector equals to the rural sector, with low value-added, inefficient and with limited high technology. This makes the primary sector be neglected. • Potential land conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural purposes (from rural to urban land) makes it hard for the rural areas to improve their economic performance.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
GDRP 3 - 5
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Country of Export Destination
VALUE OF EXPO RT BY TRADE PORT IN DIY PROVINCE (in US$)
Freight Port for Export
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Port Tanjung Mas Tanjung Priok Sukarno-Hatta Ngurah Rai Tanjung Perak Juanda Adi Sucipto Adi Sum armo Tanjung Pinang Pos Tanjung Uban Halim Perdana Kusuma Batu Ampar Total
1999 46,390,184 15,011,284 12,894,308 3,354,170 2,318,593 10,282,455 1,154,714 9,164 9,164 128,302 27,493 64,151 91,643,982
Year 2000 2001 60,873,609 68,561,686 15,165,174 12,786,675 13,645,753 12,747,213 2,487,205 2,132,896 2,554,950 3,516,638 609,704 121,560 1,432,320 906,160 16,080 9,678 189,633 15,711 33,635 398 96,778,392 101,028,285
2002 71,811,861 11,894,676 14,467,873 3,966,757 3,460,806 663,054 2,330,061 1,528,767
47 15,290 110,139,192
Source: DIY Dalam Angka 1999-2002
E X P O R T B Y C O M M O D I T IE S I N D IY P R O V IN C E ( in U S $ ) No.
Export - Import Facts: • • •
•
DIY export in 2002 amounted to US$110.14 million and import value amounted to US$11.32 million. The highest export commodities were wooden furniture, then garments, tanned leather and handicraft products. The highest import commodities were cotton, accessories and raw milk powder. DIY highest export destination was United States. It was US$ 47.79 million or 43.4% of total DIY export value. The imports were mostly from United States. They amounted to US$2.02 million or 17.8% of total DIY import value. DIY exports were mostly shipped through Tanjung Mas Sea Port, Semarang, amounting to 92% of total DIY export volume, Adi Sucipto Airport (0.3%) and the remaining through the others.
Trend: • • • •
The export growth of DIY in the period of 1999-2002 was 6.3% and import value in the same period was 88.1%. Wooden furniture dominated the export commodity of DIY, and handicraft export has started to grow. The main import commodities of DIY were raw milk powder, cotton, and leather tanning chemicals. The main export destination and import origin between 1999 and 2002 was the United States. DIY export commodities were shipped mostly through Tanjung Mas Sea Port in Semarang. The shift of Adisucipto Airport status to the international airport is projected to increase the export of DIY.
Factors: • • •
DIY has unique handicraft commodities. DIY still relies on the provision of raw materials from other countries to support the production processes (such as cotton and raw milk powder). Export Markets for DIY are United States, West European countries, and Korea. The closest seaport was Tanjung Mas Harbor, in Semarang.
C o m m o d it y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
W o o d F u r n itu r e C lo th e s T a n n e d H id e O t h e r T e x t ile P r o d u c t s T e x t ile T in n e d F u n g u s L e a th e r G lo v e W o o d I n d u s tr y S y n th e t ic G lo v e A ts i ri o f c lo v e L e a f C la y In d u s tr y S c r e w P in e In d u s t r y La m p O th e rs T o ta l E x p o rt
19 98 1 5 ,0 2 9 ,2 5 4 1 9 ,7 9 2 ,0 2 4 1 0 ,9 4 7 ,8 3 2 9 , 3 7 7 ,1 1 8 7 , 3 6 0 ,7 0 7 5 , 2 9 4 ,4 2 8 7 , 7 2 7 ,3 8 7 2 , 7 7 7 ,2 8 4 1 , 6 4 5 ,8 0 3 1 , 1 8 6 ,0 5 3 6 3 8 ,9 5 3 8 7 ,9 0 2 1 1 ,3 0 0 ,2 3 7 9 3 ,1 6 4 ,9 8 2
19 99 1 8 ,2 2 8 ,7 0 6 2 1 ,0 1 9 ,5 8 0 9 , 2 0 4 ,2 6 2 1 0 ,2 4 8 ,4 2 5 8 , 3 8 5 ,4 8 3 5 , 5 3 4 ,4 5 2 3 , 3 3 2 ,0 4 6 3 , 1 0 3 ,1 5 6 1 , 2 4 9 ,9 8 9 1 9 8 ,0 2 3 8 0 2 ,2 4 6 4 5 5 ,8 5 9 3 4 ,4 3 0 9 , 8 4 7 ,3 2 5 9 1 ,6 4 3 ,9 8 1
Y ear 20 00 2 0 ,5 0 2 ,8 6 4 2 5 ,1 4 5 ,2 4 8 7 , 3 8 7 ,1 5 8 8 , 6 2 9 ,5 6 4 7 , 6 0 9 ,7 5 8 7 , 2 5 4 ,6 8 2 3 , 3 8 8 ,3 7 7 2 , 6 5 6 ,4 6 9 1 , 4 4 1 ,6 9 1 3 3 2 ,3 2 7 7 1 3 ,6 3 3 7 0 0 ,8 4 4 6 8 3 ,6 3 5 1 0 ,3 3 2 ,1 4 3 9 6 ,7 7 8 ,3 9 2
Value Import by Country Destination in DIY Province ( US $) 2002 20 01 2 3 ,9 4 5 ,9 4 7 2 3 ,3 2 9 ,1 9 0 9 , 8 1 2 ,1 7 3 9 , 3 0 1 ,4 4 0 6 , 0 6 8 ,3 9 5 5 , 7 1 0 ,1 3 4 3 , 5 2 3 ,2 2 3 2 , 7 1 1 ,7 0 1 2 , 2 1 0 ,0 9 2 1 , 8 4 9 ,0 5 1 1 , 4 3 0 ,2 2 6 7 9 4 ,0 6 3 1 , 7 2 7 ,5 2 7 8 , 6 1 5 ,1 2 4 1 0 1 ,0 2 8 , 2 8 5
20 02 3 1 ,6 5 9 ,3 8 8 1 8 ,8 9 9 ,8 0 4 9 , 1 6 0 ,4 2 5 7 , 7 9 8 ,8 6 2 2 , 6 2 1 ,3 9 7 5 , 3 7 3 ,0 4 2 3 , 3 0 2 ,0 3 7 1 , 7 2 8 ,4 7 1 1 , 9 8 4 ,5 4 8 1 , 5 5 5 ,7 9 0 1 , 3 7 6 ,7 6 0 2 1 7 ,6 2 3 2 4 ,4 6 1 ,0 4 6 1 1 0 ,1 3 9 , 1 9 2
S o u r c e : D IY D a la m A n g k a 1 9 9 9 - 2 0 0 2
Commodities
1 Others Machine 2 Raw Material for Milk 3 Cotton 4 Tanner for Raw Leather 5 Raw Matterial for Leather 6 Textile Machine 7 Others Total
AS Australia 1,986,973
Korsel Singapura Jepang Other
1,249,862 1,409,210 1,333,200 Source: D IY D alam Angka 1998-2002
VALUE OF EXPORT BY COUNT RY DESTINATION (US$) 2002
VALUE OF IMPORT BY COMMODITIES IN DIY PROVINCE ( US $) No.
2,019,878 3,345,403
1998 0 1,360,781 4,618,686 0 0 183,086 6,162,552
1999
Year 2000
8,009,511 5,890,752 1,536,662
0 2,944,796 212,730 1,543,475
0 337,365 15,774,290
0 16,883 4,717,883
2,034,986
2001 562,373 1,547,999 4,638,460 1,363,369 9,866,763 4,888,719 22,867,683
2002 496,019 2,334,463 2,906,384 1,003,540 996,497 0 3,607,622 11,344,525
Source: Diolah dari Data BPS Propinsi DIY
5,113,08
AS
3,532,362
Jepang
4,059,669
H ongkong 4,089,223
Italia Peranc is
4,159,502 47,791,418 7,366,713
Aus tralia Belanda Ingris Spayol Singapura
6,641,359
Jerm an 4,510,30
4,652,76
Source: D iolah dari D ata DIY Dalam Angka 1997-2002
Strengths • Yogyakarta has unique export commodities. • Raw material and skilled work force are available for the production processes. • Adisucipto international airport is already open. • The tourism activities in DIY supports the trade sector. Opportunities • Application of Quality standard of export commodity to strengthen competitiveness. • Strengthening and developing export market. • Increasing the number of international flights, especially connecting flights to the export destinations.
Weaknesses • The production cost is high because the quality standard is not applied, but using manual process in the production process. • Communication constraint, such as less utilization of communication technology, and language (English). • Now low shipping cost and limited access to export destinations. Threats • There are disadvantageous export commodities. • It is afraid that the skilled work force will go overseas, thereby decreasing the quality of DIY human resources.
Potentials • Application of quality standard and export commodity labelling. • Introduction of E-Commerce to improve the export-import activities. • Maintain and increase the number of direct international flights to the export destination.
Constraints • Low understanding on quality products and labelling. • Unclear export commodity research and development. • Lack of skills in utilizing the information technology.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
Export-Import 3 - 6
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Major Attractions Potential Attractions Cultural site Eco-tourism site
Java Island
Tourism Development Facts • In 2003, Yogyakarta was only able to attract more than 1,2 million over-night staying visitors (1,1 million domestic visitors and 96.000 foreign tourists). This figure is much lower compated to the condition before the economic crisis in which there were 352.000 foreign tourists. However, the number of domestic visitors significantly increased. • Yogyakarta’s potential attractions include cultural heritages, cultural buildings, arts performances and natural tourist attractions, and are supported by the international-standardized tourism accommodations. • The tourism sector of DIY contributes approximately 6,8% to the GDP of DIY province. This is much lower compared to that of Bali which contributes 11% of the total GDP. • Based on the data of 2001, the foreign tourist averagely spent US$ 100 per day with an average length of stay of 2,04 days. The contribution to the economy of DIY is estimated at US$ 18.96 million (which equals to 1,34% of the total GDP in 2001). Trend • Shift from mass tourism to special interest tourism. • Yogyakarta is after Bali the second tourist destination of Indonesia. • The development of sustainable tourism tends to increase. • Development of potential villages into community-based tourism. Factors • Bali is a world-famous tourism destination. It has to be acknowledged that Yogyakarta is not as famous as Bali. • The tourism development in DIY has not been conducted comprehensively. The tourist accommodation is already of international standard, while the tourist attraction management is still of local standard. • The tourism actors in DIY encourage the community-based tourism.
Yogyakarta tourism promotion on “ISLANDLIFE” Vol.4, No.20
Strength The local cultural and natural tourist attractions are significant for regional and international markets. Tourist acommodation of international standard is available. DIY is peaceful and safe for foreign tourists. DIY is regionally and internationally good accessible. Opportunity Optimization of tourist attractions Improvement of product quality, handicraft marketing and tourism facilities and infrastructure. Development educational tourism, shoping tourism, MICE (meeting, invention, convention and exhibition) and special interest tourism (agro-tourism, village tourism, natural tourism) Potentials • Increase of the number of tourists through lower airfares. • Direct access to Yogya from KL, Singapura and the other cities like Bangkok, Perth, etc. • Development of special interest tourism (agrotourism, village tourism, educational tourism)
Weakness The management of tourist attractions and attractions is weak. The conventional tourism package is boring. The quality of human resources, especially the government related personnel, in tourism management is low. Potentials of domestic tourism are not yet considered seriously. Threat • The condition of national security (Blaze: Bali, Hotel Mariot, the Embassy of Australia) • Yogyakarta is the second tourism destination after Bali.
Constraints • There is no development synchronization between the government bureaucracy and tourism actors. • There is no clear inter-regional or inter-municipal coordination whether it will be oriented to tourism packages or tourism routes.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
Tourism 3 - 8
ATLAS REGIONAL
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Data on Tourism in Yogyakarta and Surrounding Areas T ourist Visits to DIY Province
Tourist Visits to Central Java ( 2002 ) 20,000,000
Total
Total
15,000,000 International
10,000,000
Domestic
5,000,000 1998
1999
2000
2001
7,000,000 6,000,000 5,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 -
Origin Country of Foreign Tourist visiting to DIY in year 2002
5621987 4926110
1998
1999
Belgium 3%
Canada 3% Dutch 25%
Others 27%
361707
283339
186,964
2002
Swiss 3%
Domestic International
3,575,150
2000
Year
Year
UK 4%
Source: BPS Propinsi DIY
Source: BPS Propinsi Jawa Tengah
Japan 11% Australia 7%
Germany 6%
USA 4%
France 7%
Source: Dinas Pariwisata DIY, 2003
Room Occupation Rate per Hotel Class in Central Java
Room Occupation Rate per Hotel Class in DIY Province
Shopping Pattern of Foreign Tourist in DIY
40 50 40 35 30
35 45.86
Occupation (%)
Occupation (%)
45
32.64 32.4
33.58
25
42.64
20
40.71
31.57
15 10
33.81
27.89
28.81
37.1
30
30.56 24.82
25 20
1999
2000
10
1998
1999
2000
Rattan, W ooden, Bamboo 12%
2001
2002
Silver 26%
Year
2001 Star
Year Star
Batik 36%
Painting 10%
5
5 0 1998
39.35 27.18
Others 5%
Ceramic 3%
29.27
15
0 1997
28.47 25.33
Leather-craft 8%
39.98 27.58
Non-Star
Source: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner, Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata DIY - 2001
Non-Star Source: BPS Propinsi J awa T engah
Source: BPS Propinsi DIY & Hasil Olahan RDPRP
Average length of tourist stay in DIY Province
Average length of tourist stay in Central Java
Composisition of Foreign Tourist Expenses in DIY
4 3 Days
2 Days
Telecommunication 2% Local Transportation Transportasi 5% lokal 5%
3.5
2.5
1.5 1
2.5 2 1
1998
1999
2000
2001
1997
2002
1998
1999
2000
2001
Entertaiment 13%
Year
Year
International
International
Dom estic
Accommodation 24%
Consumption 12%
0
0
Others 2%
1.5 0.5
0.5
Postal 1%
Dom estic
Guide 15%
Souvenir 21%
Source: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner, Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata DIY - 2001
Source: BPS Propinsi DIY
Source: BPS Propinsi DIY
T ourist Facilities in D IY Province Regency / M unicip ality T ype
Yogyakarta
Slem an
Bantul
Ku lo nprogo
T otal
G unun gkid ul
Hotel
285
130
180
3
23
621
Restaurant
144
108
158
13
81
504
Conv ention
4
5
1 -
Trav el Biro
79
52
12 -
3
146
854
279
125
1,342
Tourism Serv ices (taxi, bank, hospita Source : Dinas Pariwisata D IY
37
47
10
ECONOMY
Triple – A
Tourism 3 - 9
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta TOTAL AREA OF AGRICULTURAL LAND DIY Province 300.000
Ha
250.000 200.000
318.580
318.580
318.580
318.580
259.722
259.972
2.000.000
318.580
1.500.000
258.788
258.851
Persons
350.000
FARM LABORS AND TOAL LABORS DIY Province
260.213
150.000 100.000
59.792
50.000
-
1999
2000
Rice Field
2001
Non-rice Field Tahun
653.539
720.383
487.096
1999
0 1998
1.610.530
1.000.000 500.000
58.367
58.608
58.858
59.729
1.645.799
1.663.503
1.547.630
2002
2000
2001
Farm Labors
Total
631.130
2002
Total Labors
Source: DIY Dalam Angka 1999-2002
Source: DIY Dalam Angka 1998-2002
GDRP from Agricultural Sector DIY Province (Constant Price 1993) in M illion Rp. Description Food Crop Horticulture Livestock Forestry Fishery GDRP from Agriculture Total PDRB DIY Farmer/Total PDRB DIY
1993 546.636 35.383 111.183 82.145 5.994 781.341 4.135.529 18,9%
1994 558.149 38.722 112.525 84.240 6.821 800.457 4.466.309 17,9%
1995 588.827 33.328 117.053 86.162 7.630 833.000 4.822.585 17,3%
1996 628.361 33.685 123.179 90.350 9.284 884.859 5.195.997 17,0%
PDRB 1997 647.973 32.557 129.243 92.866 11.965 914.604 5.378.525 17,0%
1998 638.104 23.296 105.799 87.877 10.319 865.395 4.777.199 18,1%
1999 598.566 22.639 93.299 91.231 12.076 817.811 4.824.445 17,0%
2000 643.770 25.746 126.696 91.646 13.523 901.381 5.017.710 18,0%
2001 609.229 29.940 124.383 109.289 14.149 886.990 5.182.543 17,1%
2002 582.304 30.093 92.919 115.902 14.769 835.987 5.357.671 15,6%
Sourc e : DIY D alam Angka 2002
Legenda : Urban Rural
PRODUCTS OF FOOD CROPS - DIY (In Ton) Types of Crops 1998 Wetland paddy 515.616 Dryland paddy 124.229 Cassava 922.506 Maize 164.733 Soyabeans 64.734 Peanuts 42.295
1999 513.664 149.256 808.257 154.986 83.877 45.953
2000 542.435 139.229 665.831 170.342 68.102 53.385
2001 542.079 119.750 736.316 187.577 50.202 50.552
2002 537.955 116.012 750.205 170.753 50.981 58.482
Source: Kompilasi dari Kab./Kota Dalam Angka se DIY 1998-2002
Rice Field Sawah
Hutan Forest
Agricultural Sector of DIY Province Facts
• • • • •
The agricultural sector is one of the three biggest contributors to the provincial GRDP (in 2003, amounting to Rp 907.8 billion or 16.2%), with the biggest contribution from the sub-sector of food-crop (70.5%), then followed by forestry (13.3%) and the smallest contribution from Fishery (1.7%). The agricultural sector accommodated the biggest number of labors (606,547 labors in 2003 or 37.4% of the total work force). The product of rice in DIY in 2003 consisted of 525,521 tons (rice from wet field) mostly from Sleman Regency and 126.759 ton (rice from dry field) mostly from Gunungkidul Regency. Each of the regencies has different value-added agricultural products. For example, Kulon Progo Regency has coconut palm trees and clove trees (47,532 tons of coconuts, 429 tons of cloves); Sleman Regency with tobacco of 2,498 tons; Bantul Regency with cane sugar with 13.992 tons and Gunungkidul Regency with cashew nuts of 459 tons. The livestocks consist of mostly cows and goats (224,247 cows and 241,007 goats in 2003). Besides, there were 6,601 tons of off-shore fish and 1,775 tons of marine fish.
Trend
•
GRDP from the Agricultural Sector during the last ten years averagely increased by 1.6% per year. Between 2002 and 2003 it increased by 4.9%. All sub-sectors of agriculture increased unless the Livestock which declined by 4.9%. The biggest increase was achived by the sub-sector of food crops (6.7%) and Horticulture (5.5%).
• •
The number of agricultural land in DIY tends to decline. Between 1998 and 2002, it declined by 0,5% per year. The product of rice of approximately 54.7 quintals/ha has not yet shown any significant increase during the last three years.
Factors
• • • •
The business scale in this sector is relatively small and the product quality is under standard. The exchange value of agricultural products remains too low since they do not get any value-added value. There is a great number of agricultural land converted to non-agricultural purposes. There are limited infrastructure facilities, market network and information.
SURPLUS AND SHORTAGE OF MEAT AND EGG PRODUCTS (Kg) Description 1999 2000 2001 14.729.848 14.176.265 14.652.185 Goats 556.752 581.614 807.640 Village Poultry 3.445.257 2.997.928 2.319.884 Pedigree Poultry (394.227) (1.854.046) (279.223) Village Poultry Eggs 5.540.191 1.662.215 1.413.526 Pedigree Poultry Eggs 471.474 1.321.925 1.173.062 Duck Eggs 3.297 36.143 13.324
2002 14.806.828 891.960 2.384.857 (1.199.549) 1.343.026 270.838 65.423
Perkebunan Salak Pondoh
Source: DIY Dalam Angka 1999-2002
Strength • • • • •
The climate is good for agriculture. Some of the agricultural products have been exported. The coastal area is relatively large. (Geographic advantage) The water for agriculture is relatively enough. There is enough human resources for the agricultural sector.
Weaknesses • • • • • •
The number of agricultural land declines. The infrastructure facilities in rural areas are limited. The investors are not so interested in the agricultural sector. The exchange value of the agricultural products is low. The price of seedlings and fertilizer is high There is no well-designed fish port.
Opportunities • Export markets (fruits. Vegetables, fish, and horticultural
Threats
•
•
and forestry products) Regional/national: markets (salak pondoh, water melons, cassava, cashew nuts, Lobster, fish fins, matelenka, vanilla, etc.)
Potentials There are enough educated human resources. Each local government has different value-added agricultural products. The sub-sector of fishery is potential to be developed. It is possible to make land extension for commodities oriented to fulfill the needs of the community.
•
•
The land conversion from agricultural land to housing settlement keeps on increasing. There is a tight marketing competition with the other provinces. The selling price of agricultural products is not yet stable.
Constraints • Declining number of farm labors and agricultural area. • Conventional cultivation and limited infrastructure facilities. • Partial product standardization and labeling.
ECONOMY
Triple – A
Agriculture 3 - 10
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta DIY Sub-District Population Growth 1990-2000
Migrant Destination Outside DIY Province
Percentage
Aceh Sumut Sumbar Riau Jambi Sumsel Lampung DKI Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur Tenggara Kalimantan Sulawesi Maluku Irian Jaya
0,3 1,7 1 3,1 2,5 7,8 15,8 17,8 16,7 17,8 4,9 0,8 4,5 3,3 0,2 0,7
Percentage of Recent In-Migrant DIY Province 2000 Province Percentage
P o p u la tio n G ro w th (% )
Sumatera DKI Jakarta Jawa Barat Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur Nusa Tenggara - Bali Kalimantan Sulawesi Maluku - Irian Jaya Abroad
U rb a n
7 ,8 5 %
3 ,3 5 %
R u ra l
-2 ,7 5 %
-2 ,0 0 %
0 ,5 8 %
0 ,7 2 %
D IY P ro v in c e U rb a n /R u ra l
14,0 15,8 15,3 33,3 10,1 1,6 6,1 1,3 1,0 1,7
1 9 8 0 -1 9 9 0
D IY P r o v in c e
1 9 9 0 -2 0 0 0
S o u rc e : S e n s u s P e n d u d u k D IY
Source: SP2000-M
Source : SUPAS 1995
L if e T im e M ig ra t io n in D IY P r o v in c e T y p e o f M ig ra n t Population Growth 1990 - 2000 Negatif Positif
Urban Rural
Provincial Boundary Regency Boundary Sub - District Bondary
Municipal/ Regency Source: Sensus Penduduk DIY
Rural
2000
2 6 4 .8 4 2 5 0 8 .2 1 5 - 2 4 3 .3 7 3
3 8 5 .1 1 7 7 8 4 .1 5 4 - 3 9 9 .0 3 7
1980
Demography Facts Based on the population census conducted in 2000, the province of DIY has a total of 3,122,478 people consisting of 745.216 households, spread over the five local governments. The population growth rate is 0.72% (Indonesia 1.49%). Based on the classification of urban-rural population in DIY, the urban population is estimated at 58% (1,798,513 people), while the rural population 42% (1,323,965 people). During the last decade (1990-2000), the number of out-migration of DIY Province is higher than the inmigration of respectively 784,000 and 385,117 people, meaning that the growth of migration is negative.
Trend • The composition of the urban-rural population has shifted from dominantly rural to urban. • The phenomena of negative migration growth will continue during this decade. Factors • The urban area grows faster since the urban economy becomes the leading sector. In addition, there is a shift from rural to urban status due to the provision of urban facilities and infrastructure. • The main reason of out-migration is for employment purposes. The destinations are Central Java, Jakarta, West Java and Lampung. The in-migrations are originally from Central Java, Jakarta, and West Java. The reason of in-migration is also for the purposes of studying.
Total Population
Urban
1990 622.874
2000
1980
635.558
21.386
1990 28.130
2000 34.875
1980 659.486
1990 651.004
2000
Gunungkidul
638.100
Kulonprogo
362.430
341.168
304.578
18.255
31.141
66.366
380.685
372.309
370.944
Bantul
569.467
275.120
219.075
64.975
421.785
561.938
634.442
696.905
781.013
Sleman
568.953
379.393
162.754
-
-
2.140.930
1.620.545
Yogyakarta
•
1990
1 7 5 .7 8 9 2 5 3 .4 4 7 - 7 7 .6 5 8
Population Distribution by Urban - Rural
Administrative Boundaries
•
1980
9 9 .7 8 2 2 6 6 .9 3 3 - 1 6 7 .1 5 1
S o u r c e : S e n s u s P e n d u d u k D IY
Urban Rural
•
1971
Im m ig r a n t E m m ig r a n t N e tto M ig r a n t
670.433
108.370
400.941
738.623
677.323
780.334
901.377
-
394.965
412.059
396.711
394.965
412.059
396.711
1.323.965
607.951
1.294.056
1.798.513
2.748.881
2.914.601
3.122.478
Source: Sensus Penduduk DIY
Strength • Sleman and Bantul have become the centers of education • Qualified human resources are available • There are opportunities to work for non-agricultural sectors Opportunity • The remittance sent by migrants is used for household and local economic development • There are opportunities for household economic development
Weakness • The skill of workers is low, and the bargaining position in work markets is limited
Potentials • Development of training centers • Improvement of stakeholder network to develop demographic data • Improvement the access to work opportunities, education and information.
Constraints • Indecisiveness of the government in sending human resources aboard, including poor protection to TKI (Indonesian workers employed overseas). • Low awareness and appreciation of the community towards to the significance of population registration. • Strong motivation of productive-aged groups to move to the urban areas.
Threat • Lack of productive-aged groups and human resources in the agricultural sector cause brain drain • The increase of temporary migrants may endanger the urban infrastructure
SOCIAL
Triple – A
Demography 3 - 11
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Spread of High Education in DIY Province
Number of Private and State Universities in DIY Province , Year 2000 - 2002
Legenda Legend : : Urban Rural
250000 120
89
100
102
190,479
182,919
182,919
200000
102
80
G Universitas G University
Number of Students in DIY Province Year 200 - 2002
150000
60
100000
83,006
78,779
73,762
40 50000
20
6
0
6
2000
6
2001 P rivate Universities
0
2002
2000
S tate Universities
2001
2002
Private Universities
State Universities
Source : DIY Dalam angka, BPS Prop. DIY
Source : DIY Dalam angka, BPS Prop. DIY
LIVING COST of UNIVERSITY STUDENT, 2000-2003 ( x Million Rp) (Not included Donation for New Student)
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Description Food Book Transportation Health Cloth Entertainment Tuition Fee Accomodation Other Total
2000 2,030,598 526,380 661,495 534,160 429,498 441,107 1,404,511 1,384,715 209,092 7,621,556
Expenses Per Student 2001 2002 2,284,137 2,528,099 584,671 646,260 702,150 743,252 559,682 585,196 448,234 466,910 452,232 463,163 1,478,433 1,598,306 1,457,595 1,550,633 224,735 242,110 8,191,869 8,823,929
2003 2,828,800 722,078 791,451 614,702 488,400 475,477 1,775,895 1,676,360 257,430 9,630,593
2000 521,216 135,112 169,793 137,109 110,244 113,224 360,511 355,430 53,670 1,956,309
Source: Survei BI Yogyakarta - 2003 yang diolah dan DIY Dalam Angka 2000-2002
Total Expenses Stutends 2001 2002 597,754 691,397 153,007 176,742 183,751 203,268 146,468 160,042 117,302 127,693 118,348 126,668 386,903 437,113 381,450 424,075 58,813 66,213 2,143,796 2,413,212 9.6% 12.6%
Percentage of Students Origins in DIY Province, year 2000
2003 821,848 209,785 229,939 178,589 141,894 138,140 515,949 487,031 74,791 2,797,967 15.9%
E x p en s e s o f S t u d e n ts in D IY P r o v in c e
0.40
H ealth 6%
O thers 4%
0.25
0.42
3.45
3.77
8.25 DK I Jakarta East Java Sulaw esi
W est Java Nusa Tenggara -Bali Maluku- Irian Jaya
Source : SP-2000
M O NEY O R D ER T O ST U D EN T
T u ition F ee 18 %
9%
2% 4%
B ook 9%
C loth es 5% A c c om od ation 17 %
0.32
3.92
Sum atra Central Java Kalim antan Luar negeri
4% E n tertainm en t 5% T r an s portation 8%
1.51
2.50
81% F ood 28 % < 0,5 M illion
S ou rc e: H as il S urvei Ins id en tal B I Y ogyakarta (T riw u lan II- 20 03)
0,5 - 1M illion
1 - 1,5 M illion
1,5 - 2 M illion
> 2 M illion
S our c e: H as il S ur vei Ins id en tal B I Yogy ak arta (T riw u lan II-2 003 )
High Education in DIY Facts • High education in DIY has been established since the independence day for Indonesia. At present there are six state universities and 102 private universities. There are a total of approximately 270 thousand students. • 25% of the university students come from the cities, and only a few from other countries. The students are mostly from the five provinces Central Java, DKI Jakarta, West Java, East Java and Sumatera. • The presence of universities has strongly influenced the local economy of Yogyakarta. This can be seen from the students’ expenditure of Rp 9.6 million per student in 2003 (around Rp. 26,000/day). The sector of trade and service, like transportation, boarding houses, inns and restaurants, stationeries, laundry, amusement centers exist because of the universities Trend • During the last three years, the number of students from other cities has declined. • Living costs in DIY are increasing, This also applies for the students. Factor • The interest to study in DIY declines due to the high living cost in Yogyakarta. The image of Yogyakarta also gets worse due to the issues of drugs, free sex, and the establishment of universities in other cities. • The increasing living cost is due to a shift to a metropolitan life-style.
Gadjah Mada University
Government University of Yogyakarta
STIE YKPN
Strength • The image of Yogya as a student city remains strong • The educational facilities are sufficiently good. • The local culture highly appreciates the education Opportunity • Development of a high educational network to enhance the quality. • Development of vocational schools.
Weakness • The standardized accreditation is weak. • Tuition fees are unaffordable to low-income groups. • Living costs are increasing. Threat • The metropolitan, consumptive and free-sex life-style will get stronger • The incidences of crime (and drugs) will increase. • The traffic condition will get worse. • Other cities will establish universities on their own areas.
Potentials • Establishment of an appropriate technology-based vocational school. • Promotion of inter-educational institution cooperation, nationally and inter-nationally.
Constraints • The quality of high education is low. • The inter-university coordination is weak. • The zoning plan for universities is getting unclear.
SOCIAL
Triple – A
Education 3 - 12
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Distribution of Education Facilities
Education Level 190.000
Legend : I
Primary and Secondary Education
G G University
Not Education Unfinished BS Elementary School Junior High School Senior High School University
Source : Dinas Pendidikan Prop. DIY
Percentage of Population Age 7 years and above by Age and School-Leaver in DIY Province 2000 Age
Never went to School
School Going
PERCENTAGE OF LITERACY in DIY PROVINCE 1980,1990,2000 BY AGE
2002 Graduated/ Never went Drop out to School
School Going
120.0
Graduated/D rop out
100.0
Source : Dinas Pendidikan Prop. DIY
7-12 13-15 16-18 19-24
1.31 0.84 1.53 1.05
98.29 94.21 73.76 37.37
0.40 4.95 24.71 61.22
0.55 0.26 0.77 0.36
98.99 94.27 72.64 39.93
Source : SP-2000 & BPS, Prop. DIY
Education in DIY Facts • The Human Development Index (HDI) of DIY Province is the third highest in Indonesia. The literacy rate is high (85.9%) withy an average schooling of 8.1 years (the top 10). • In view of the educational background, most people in DIY are of high school graduates, while those with master and bachelor degrees amount to only 7%. • The educational facilities for elementary and secondary schools are evenly distributed in the entire province, but the high education is centralized in the City of Yogyakarta. Of 108 universities in DIY, 97% are in the urban areas Trend • With the increasing cost for secondary and high education, the capability to access to the educational sector in DIY will decline, especially for the low-income groups. Approximately 60% of the people of between 19 and 24 years of age no longer continue their studies. Factors • Realizing that DIY is a small province and the access roads are in good condition, the distribution of educational facilities are relatively reachable. • GDP per capita of DIY is relatively small. If the educational cost (tuition fee) continues to increase, the number of students able to continue their studies in high education will decline.
0.46 5.47 26.59 59.71
%
80.0 60.0
79.9
97.2
83.9
69.7
40.0 20.0
94.1
84.1
31.5
46.7
57.3
1990 Year
2000
10-44 45+ 10+
0.0 1980
Source : Sensus Penduduk 2000
Strength • The facilities for Kindergarten, Elementary Schools, Secondary Schools, Senior High Schools and universities have been provided. • The awareness of the people to learn is high. Opportunity • There is an opportunity for the educational business stakeholders to conduct a coordination in the efforts to decrease the number of dropouts. • There is an opportunity to decentralize the educational facilities in entire the province.
Weakness • The increase in tuition fee is much higher than the increase in household income. • The high quality education is still concentrated in the urban areas. Threat • Education that so far has been socially oriented will become more and more business oriented. • The uneven distribution of high quality educational will bring about ‘expensive school’.
Potentials • Development of educational guaranteeing program for poor households with schooling-aged children. • Development of open school program. • Optimization of vocational schools. • Even distribution of educational facilities.
Constraints • The budget allocated for the educational sector is less than 20% of the total development budget.
SOCIAL
Triple – A
Education 3 - 13
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta NUMBER OF HEALTH FACILITY BY REGENCY/MUNICIPALITY IN DIY PROVINCE YEAR 2002
Health Facilities in DIY Province Health Facility General Hospital Sanatorium Special Hospital 1. Surgery Hospital 2. Others Hospital Public Health Centre 1. Public Health Centre 2. Sub Public Health 3. Mobile Public Health Practitioner 1. General Doctor 2. Specialist Doctor 3. Dentist 4. Specialist of Doctor 5. Midwife Practitioner Group 1. General Doctor 2. Specialist Doctor 3. Dentist 4. Specialist of Doctor Child & M aternal Health House M aternal Clinic Village Child delivery post Polyclinic Clinic Laboratorium Optical Regency/City Farmation Kabupaten Pharmacy Drug store Traditional Drug Store Integrated Health services Village M edicine Post
Kulon Progo
Bantul
2 0 1 1 0 91 20 59 12 177 48 15 17 0 97 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 33 1 0 2 1 5 2 7 876 6
Regencies/M unicipalities Gunung Y ogyakarta Kidul Sleman M unicipality
3 0 3 1 2 117 26 65 26 361 123 15 20 1 198 4 4 0 0 0 1 7 25 14 0 34 1 34 1 21 957 14
1 0 0 0 0 141 29 112 0 65 61 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1196 1
7 1 0 0 0 96 33 63 0 77 75 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 48 1219 13
DIY Province
3 1 6 1 5 30 18 12 0 320 151 94 32 3 34 6 3 2 1 0 5 12 0 20 6 17 1 94 42 36 528 0
16 2 10 3 7 475 126 311 38 1000 458 124 75 4 329 10 7 2 1 0 0 24 119 35 6 53 3 133 45 120 4776 34
Regency hospital Sleman
Source : 1).Dinas Kesehatan & Kesejahteraan Sosial DIY, 2).PODES ST 2003 BPS Propinsi DIY
Health Facilities
COMMUNITY HEALTH LEVEL - DIY PROVINCE AND NATIONAL
B Department of Health / Public Health Centre non Beds
/ Public Health Centre with Beds ç Special Hospital ç Goverment's Hospital ç Private Hospital
Source: Album Peta, Bappeda Propinsi DIY
Health Facilities in DIY Facts • High quality medical services are centralized in Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta Municipality. • Based on the existing data, Gunungkidul Regency has got the worst condition pertaining to the giving-birth process assisted by paramedics. The number of people who give medical treatment to and by themselves is also high, compared to other regencies/city in DIY. Trend • The people living in the regencies of Bantul, Gunungkidul and Kulon Progo prefer to go to Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City for medical treatment. • There will be a gap in the development of health facilities between Sleman Regency and Yogyakarta City and the other regencies of Bantul, Kulon Progo and Gunungkidul. Factor • The high quality health services are concentrated in the Regency of Sleman and Yogyakarta City. • The quality health resources are not evenly distributed in the entire DIY. • The availability of access roads and public transports and the short distance among the regencies/city in DIY has made it possible for the people to mobilize.
Health Index Life Expectancy Infants' Mortality rate (per 1000 infant) Toddler Mortality Rate (per 1000 Toddler) Maternity Mortality Rate Gross Mortality Rate (per 1000 Population)
1971
INDONESIA 1980 1990
45.7 145 -
52.2 109 -
-
-
* based on calculations from 1998 data -) data not available
59.8 71 63 7.5
2000* 65.4 47 4.4 7.5
1971
1980
53.4 102 -
61.8 62 -
-
-
DIY 1990 66.6 42 63 4.4
2000 71.2 25 1.1 7.6
Source : Susenas
Strength • With regards to the health facilities, there is a strong coordination among the local governments in DIY. • The Puskesmas (public health service center) and SubPuskesmas have been evenly distributed in entire DIY. • The access roads and public transports connecting to the five local governments in DIY are sufficiently good. Strength • With regards to the health facilities, there is a strong coordination among the local governments in DIY. • The Puskesmas (public health service center) and SubPuskesmas have been evenly distributed in entire DIY. • The access roads and public transports connecting to the five local governments in DIY are sufficiently good.
Weakness • The high quality health facilities are not yet evenly distributed in entire DIY. They are concentrated in the Regency of Sleman and Yogyakarta City. • Pertaining to the quality medical workers, there is still a gap among the local governments in DIY. • Weakness • The high quality health facilities are not yet evenly distributed in entire DIY. They are concentrated in the Regency of Sleman and Yogyakarta City. • Pertaining to the quality medical workers, there is still a gap among the local governments in DIY.
Potentials • Development of new small clinics in areas which have so far from existing health facilities. • Improvement of the quality of Puskesmas and Sub-Puskesmas located in the rural areas, sub-districts and kampong.
Constraints • The development of high quality health facilities are only concentrated in the Regency of Sleman and Yogyakarta City. • There is no standardized health management for intermunicipal coordination and urban-rural linkages.
SOCIAL
Triple – A
Health 3 - 14
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta MAJOR HOSPITALS IN DIY PROVINCE Doctor
Hospital RSUP Dr. Sardjito RS Bethesda RS Panti Rapih RS PKU Muhammadiyah RS Mata Yap RS Gracia
level
Beds
B B C C C A
Specialist
698 601 360 235 97 272
General
732 59 12 53 *
Dentist
35 21 8 17 *
4
Pharmacist Paramedics 9 3 1 6
* 6
16 5 1 2 *
2
1901 1147 945 551 *
3
198
Source : Profil Kesehatan Propinsi DIY, T ahun 2001 Note : * Data not available
DIY Province
Source: Album Peta, Bappeda Propinsi DIY
Regional Health Facilities Facts • There are five regional-scale health facilities, i.e. Sardjito General Hospital, Bethesda General Hospital, Panti Rapih General Hospital, the general hospital of ‘PKU’ Muhammadiyah and dr. Yap Eye-Hospital. • Approximately 25% of the total patients come from outside DIY, i.e. from the cities of Klaten, Wonogiri, Sukoharjo, Pacitan, Megelang, Temanggung, Wonosobo and Purwokerto. Trend • The access to the hospitals by the people in DIY and outside DIY tends to increase in line with the increase of facilities and hospital management. Factor • The increasing number of newcomers, students and tourists has increased the need for better health facilities. • People have access to the information of high quality hospitals. • Inter-municipal transport is well developed. • The medical cost in DIY is lower than that of other big cities in Indonesia.
Strength • There are 5 Type-B hospitals in DIY with regional service coverage. • Some universities (UGM, UMY, UII) have medical and pharmaceutical departments. • The transportation network in DIY is well developed. Opportunity • DIY has a vast hinterland in relation to the regional service coverage (DIY, the areas of Kedu and Banyumas). • There is an opportunity to develop a Regiona VIP Hospital. Potentials • There is a possibility to develop a special hospital with alternative medical care (herbal therapy).
Weakness • The quality of medical service is not enough vis-à-vis the regional service coverage. • The transparence in medical management (ethical code) is not adequate. • The ratio of hospital rooms and patients in the context of regional service coverage is quite high. Threat • The environmental conditions decline due to pollution, traffic jams, spatial densification, etc.
Constraints • There is no zoning for regional health services.
SOCIAL
Triple – A
Health 3 - 15
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Preserved Cultural Area
Legend : : Legenda
Urban Rural Preserved Cultural | Benda | Cagar Budaya Object
Tugu
Krapyak Culture Area Sokoliman Am barbinangun Am barketawang Kotabaru Kotagede Sultan Palace Pleret Pram banan Tem ples Puro Pakualaman Ratu Boko
Sultan Palace
Distribution of Cultural Heritage in the Special Province of Yogyakarta in the year 2002 KULON PROGO 12%
SLEMAN 7%
BANTUL 22%
GUNUNG KIDUL 6% Source: Analyses YUDP
KOTA YOGYAKARTA 53%
Gamelan
Wooden masks
Traditional Dancing
Batik
Source : Studi Penggalian dan Inventarisasi Benda-Benda Cagar Budaya Propinsi DIY, Dinas Pariwisata Prop. DIY
Culture DIY Facts • Yogyakarta City has grown under the influence of Islamic culture and Dutch colonialism times. The typical feature of the city is dominantly influenced by cosmological power of Islamic Mataram Kingdom, i.e. the configuration of Kraton – Alun-alun – Mosque and Market all oriented to the North – South axis • The behaviour, norms, arts and taboos of the community are much influenced by Hindu and Buddhist culture. The urban culture is more cosmopolitan. Several cultural events like Garebeg – three major Muslim religious festivals (Mulud-Sekaten, Syawal and Besar), Bekakak and Sesaji Laut - Merapi (food presented to the South Sea and Merapi Volcano) have been scheduled for tourism attractions. • There are 12 coservation areas, namely: Kraton, Pakualaman, Prambanan & Ratu Boko, Malioboro, Kotabaru, Imogiri Graveyard, Parangtritis, Amberbinangun, Ambarketawang, Pleret, Sokoliman and Kotagede. Trend. • Yogyakarta City and Sultan Palace of Yogyakarta are still regarded the cultural cente of Java by Javanese and Indonesian people • The philosophic imaginary axe of Panggung Krapyak – Kraton – Tugu has got faded. • The appreciation to culture has been promoted by cultural artists. Factors • The preserved existence of Kraton Yogyakarta is a cultural ‘goal keeper’. • The urban growth and spatial practices do not take into account the philosophic imaginary axe of Panggung Krapyak – Kraton – Tugu. • The adhere cultural image is the potential of Yogya.
Strength • There are significant cultural heritage, both tangible and non-tangible. • Javanese culture and the existence of Kraton Yogya are strongly pictured in Yogyakartanese behavior • Relative close to the potential cultural assets located outside DIY (Borobudur, Dieng, Kraton Solo, Kota Lama Semarang, Ambarawa). • Active participation from those concerned with cultural asset preservation, management and utilization (Dewan Kebudayaan, Seniman, Tokoh Budaya, LSM, UNESCO). Opportunity • Optimization of cultural asset utilization • Optimization of the participation community, private sector, universities, interest groups. • Optimization of those concerned with cultural asset preservation, management and utilization
Weakness • Degradation of the value and tangible cultural assets • The absence of regulation that protects the endeavors of cultural heritage preservation. • The cultural development only serves as tourism commodity. • The O&M of cultural assets do not take into account their significance and utilization.
Potentials • Make the cultural assets as potential attractions for socio-economic development (education, tourism, trade). • Optimize the utilization of cultural assets (galleries, arts house, restaurants, ritual ceremonies, etc.)
Constraints • Different understanding among the local heads on the tangible and non-tangible cultural asset preservation. • The community’s cultural identity declines.
Threat • Destruction of cultural assets for other purposes. • The shift into consumptive habit leading to cultural asset commercialization.
CULTURAL
Triple – A
Cultural 3 - 16
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Elevation ( m ) 40 %
Source : South Java Flood Control & Bappeda DIY
Catchment Areas Bengawan Solo Bogowonto Bogri Dengking Kali Munggi Karst (Underground Rivers) Opak Progo Serang Jepara Serang Wates Tuntang
River Lake
Source : Balai POO, Yogyakarta
Environmental Hazards Area of systematical erosion High erosion Medium erosion Light erosion Permanently flooded Flooded with sediment Often flooded Occasionally flooded Forbidden area Danger area
Regional Environment Facts • Topography - With the slope of between 0 and 15%, the zones of Semarang – Surakarta – middle zone of DIY – Magelang are suitable for agricultural porposes. - Some hilly and mountainous areas, i.e. Menoreh mountain range, Merapi volcano, and the other mountains of Merbabu, Sumbing, Sindoro, Telomoyo and Ungaran forms and borders the zone of Magelang. This becomes the natural constraint between the zones of Magelang and Semarang. - The south-western parts, i.e. Gunungkidul – Wonogiri, are located in a karst mountain range. • Hydrology Under the regional context, the areas in DIY and its surroundings are rich of water. The rain intensity is high, between 2,000 and 3,000 mm/year. The surface water derives from some river catchment areas and underground rivers. • Hazardous areas The hazardous areas of Joglosemar are as follows: - Semarang zone: landslide hazard and flood hazard especially along the coastal line. - Surakarta zone: erosion and flood hazards (Bengawan Solo River) - DIY zone: volcanic hazard, as well as erosion and flood hazards (Bantul and Kulon Progo) - Magelang zone: volcanic hazard, erosion and landslide. - Purworejo zone: erosion and flood hazards.
Strength • The area is rich of various natural resources (mountains, sea, floodplain, fertile areas, adequate water) • The volcanic areas are very fertile with beautiful natural landscape. They are potential for agricultural purposes and eco-tourism. • Some flood areas are very potential for agriculture, as they frequently receive fertile sediment. Opportunity • Conservation of protection areas, especially for areas functioning as lower areas. • Cooperation between regencies and provinces for conservation of protection areas and for management of eco-tourism
Weakness • The urban-rural development does not take into account the efforts to preserve the environmental condition and natural resources. • The quality of natural resources (forest, water catchment areas, rivers) declines and it causes disasters. For example, during the rainy season, floods often take place in the northern areas and during the dry season they suffer from drought. Threat • The rivers are polluted by both agricultural and nonagricultural activities (domestic and industrial wastes). • Deforestation and urbanization take place in the water catchment areas. • Zones with acute environmental degradation: • Permanent flood hazard (Semarang Zone) • Serious erosion hazard (Magelang Zone: the slope areas of Sumbing and Sindoro Mountains)
Potentials • Environmental conservation for eco-tourism and (organic) agricultural developments. • Development of food crops cultivation, especially during the dry season, on the flood hazardous areas in Demak – Grobogan, river catchment areas of Bengawan Solo (Sragen-Surakarta-SukoharjoKaranganyar-Boyolali-Klaten) and flood hazardous areas in DIY (Bantul-Kulon Progo) • Development of the urban corridors of Surakarta Yogya – Magelang and Surakarta – Yogya – Purworejo.
Constraints • Socialization of conserved areas to the grass-root community.
Source : South Java Flood Control & Bappeda DIY
ENVIRONMENT
Triple – A
Environment 3 - 17
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta RESULTS OF AIR QUALITY EXAMINATION Mei-03
SPOTS OF AIR QUALITY EXAMINATION May 2003
PARAM ETER
SPOTS OF AIR QUALITY EXAM INATION
STANDARD
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
°C % RH
30,5
32
32,2
32,2
32
30,5
31
32
31
30
30
28,5
31
30
33
70,8
80
59
59
68
71
67
64
64
59
73
75
64
66
3. W ind Direction
X°
T(90°)
4. W ind Velocity
2 km/jam
7,2
T(90 °) 4,2
U(0 °) 1,8
T(90 °) 3,6
U(0 °) 4,2
-
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
65 dB (A)
84,5
74,6
76,2
78,3
75,1
76,8
76,6
76,5
75,7
73,5
74,1
PHYSIC 1. Temperature 2. Humidity
5. W eather 6. Noise
B(270 °) 2,1
T(90 °) 1,5
Tg(135 °) 3,8
S(180 °) 2,4
S(180 °) 4,04
U(0 °) 2,7
U(0 °) 2,52
55
S(180 °) 7,4
S(180 °) 6,4
S(180 °) 1,8
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
Sunny
76,1
76,5
75,6
75,5
CHEMICAL 1. Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 )
900 ug/m 3
0,92
6,03
2,93
2,15
1,2
53,36
5,9
1,72
2,81
1,23
4,171
0,69
2,76
1,9
1,08
2. Carbon monoxide (CO)
30.000 ug/m 3
5.750
9.200
5.750
11.900
9.200
3.450
16.100
11.500
21.850
8.050
10.350
13.800
8.050
5.750
6.900
3. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 )
400 ug/m 3
21,05
10,13
30,61
29,49
63,87
0,09
188,3
34,98
75,18
3,99
57,46
87,77
15,55
36,97
48,66
4. Ozone (O 3 )
235 ug/m 3
13,03
12,59
25,06
33,15
56,52
28,75
113
59,93
22,84
28,1
154,4
57,77
15,1
32,7
83,71
131
196,5
85,15
131,11
131,11
65,1
131,11
131,11
262
5. Hydrocarbon (HC)
160 ug/m
6. Dust (TSP)
230 ug/m 3
7. Plumb (Pb)
2 ug/m
131
131
131,11
131,11
120
194
172
33,2
89
108,3
213
173
230
175
154
187
35
42,7
103,3
0,391
1,098
0,412
0,631
0,921
0,571
2,068
1,83
5,71
2,978
1,132
3,58
1,637
1,782
4,78
3
3
65
131
Source: Bapedalda Propinsi DIY Legends: A.
In Jl. Wates, in front of Bayeman Storehouse
F. In Jl. Godean, in front of Mirota
K. In Jl.A. Yani, in front of Beringharjo Market
B.
In Jl. P Diponegoro, in front of Jetis Sub-district Office
G. In Jl. Parantritis, in front of Matahari Hotel
L.
C.
In Jl. Prambanan, in front of Janti Storehouse.
H.
In Jl. Solo, in front of Saphir Hotel
M.
In Jl. Menteri Supeno, in front of Bicycle Market
D.
In Jl. Magelang, in front of TVRI
I.
In front of RSU PKU Muhammadiyah
N.
In Jl. Bantul, in front of Building Material Shop
E.
In Jl. Jend. Sudirman, in front of Pizza Hut
J.
In Jl. Janti, in front of Kampus STTL
O.
In Jl. Kaliurang, in front of Tina Farma Pharmacy
In Jl. C. Simanjuntak, in front of Mirota Kampus
Results of Parameter Analysis on Hydrocarbon M ay 2003 in DIY Province
300
Results of Parameter Analysis on Noise M ay 2003 in DIY Province 90
250
80 70 60
150
(dB)
DIY Province
(ug/m3)
200
100
50 40 30
50
20
0
10
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Exam ination Spots Results of Hydrocarbon T esting Hydrocarbon T hreshold (160 ug/m 3)
Source: Bapedalda Propinsi DIY
Air Pollution Facts
•
Based on the air quality parameter (sulphur oxide/SO2; nitrogen oxide/NOx; hydrocarbon (HC), carbonmonoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the urban area of DIY has been polluted by hydrocarbon and plumb, and the noise has been above the threshold of 65 db. The biggest contribution to the air pollution is from the gas emission of the motorcycles. • There is a total of 195,000 motorcycles in Yogyakarta, and 350,000 motorcycles in the urban agglomeration of Yogyakarta. Trend • The air pollution in Yogyakarta City will increase realizing that the demand of motorcycles increases. Since 1998, the number of motorcycles has already increased by 1,300 / month. The ratio of motorcycle ownership is 2.6. This means that one motorcycle is possessed by 2.6 people. Factors • Based on the scientific research conducted by Bapedalda, gas emission from the poorly maintained twoand four-stroked motorcycles has resulted in air pollution. The gas emission from the motorcycles is even much higher than that of well-maintained four-wheeled cars. • The number of motorcycles continue to increase because they are more flexible, cheaper and easier to be accessed compared to those of public conveyances (limted destinations, inconvenient, and unpunctual) • The number of motorcycles in Yogyakarta City will continue to increase because the increasing number of students coming from the neighbouring regencies (Bantul and Sleman) and other provinces.
Strength • The air quality in the urban area is supported by the lane trees. • The wind in the urban area is from the sea and mountain. • There are air corridors passing through five rivers crossing the urban area. Opportunities • Lane-tree planting in public open spaces and houseyards to reduce air pollution. • Apllication of standard gas emission.
Potentials • Development of environmentally friendly public transports and limitation of private car ownership. • Development of pedestrian and green areas. • Law enforcement for standard gas emission.
0 A
B
C
Resultd of Noise T esting Noise T hreshold (65 dB)
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
Examination Spots
Source: Bapedalda Propinsi DIY
Weaknesses • The socialization program on air pollution hazard does not reach the grass-roots, only limited to the government officials and universities.
Threats • Motocycles will continue to dominate the traffic flows. • The number of built-up areas will increase, especially multi-storey buildings causing air pollution.
Cionstraints • The investment cost in public transport development is high. • The number of motorcycles will continue to increase during the next five to ten years. • The implementation of gas emission examination is weak.
ENVIRONMENT
Triple – A
Air Pollution 3 - 18
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Inter-regional Spatial Linkages (Joglosemar)
General Land Use in DIY and Surrounding Area
Facts • Land. Most part of Joglosemar, both urban and rural areas) are suitable for cultivation: fertile and rich of water. • Land-use. The wet land is evenly distributed in entire the area, while the dry land is located in the southern part of DIY and Surakarta. The urban land-use grows rapidly especially along the urban corridors of Surakarta–Klaten–Yogyakarta– Sleman-Muntilan–Magelang. The conserved land-use is mostly in the middle part, on the mountain range and in the water catchment areas. • Landscape. The main urban space fours a corridor of Surakarta-Klaten-Yogya-Sleman-Muntilan-Magelang, while the other urban space forms the corridor of Yogya – Purworejo. Trend • In the conserved areas, including the water catchment areas), the quantity of water tends to decline, • The value of rural land declines, but the value of the urban land increases. • The corridor of Solo – Yogya – Magelang is getting stronger, while the corridor of Yogya – Purworejo is getting weak. Factors • The main cultivation area is on the foot-slope and flat area formed through the volcanic and sedimentation processes. • The quantity of water resources decline due to deforestation for agricultural intensification and extension and rapid urbanization occupying the water catchment areas. • The agricultural sector is still oriented to the food crops. • The conserved areas usually have better climate so they become the target of housing settlement development for middle and high class people. • The urban corridor is formed by the potential population and the urban functions which are relatively the same. • The corridor of Yogya - Purworejo tends not to develop because it is not the end-trip, but only the access of Solo – Yogya – Bandung.
Urban Population Joglosemar, 2000 No. Legend : Forestry Cultivated Area Dry Land Urban
Source : Basemap Bakosurtanal
Urban Zone
City
Urban
1
Surakarta Zone
490,214
1,435,769
2
Purworejo- Kutoarjo Zone
129,942
129,942
3
Magelang Zone
117,531
199,996
4
Semarang Zone
1,348,803
1,786,034
5
DIY Zone
396,711
1,307,104
Source: Analisis data Sensus Penduduk 2000 Prop.Jateng & DIY
Fertile Land in Joglosemar Area, 2001
No. 1 2 3 4 5
Urban Zone Surakarta Zone Purworejo-Kutoarjo Zone Magelang Zone Semarang Zone DIY Zone
Source: Jateng & DIY dalam angka 2001
Paddy’s Field (ha) 171,329 70,099 58,433 169,496 58,367
Total Area % (ha) Paddy’s Field 572,238 29.9 231,756 30.2 197,408 29.6 524,904 32.3 318,580 18.3
% Urban Pop. 49.9 25.5 49.3 50.7 55.4
Strength • DIY and its surroundings are relatively fertile and flat, and suitable for both agricultural and non-agricultural purposes.
Weakness • The urban sprawl tends to be uncontrolled. • The corridor of Yogya - Purworejo develops slowly. • The natural resources are limited.
Opportunity • The development of double-track for rail transport and the southern roads will make Yogya potential to be further developed.
Threat • The development will neglect the regional context.
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
Inter-regional Spatial Linkages 4 - 1
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta General Land Use in DIY Province
Inter-municipal Spatial Linkages in DIY Legend : Forest Wet Land Dry Lahan Urban
Facts •
•
•
Trend • The middle zone is the most potential for agricultural and non-agricultural activities. • It terms of land-use, this zone develops very fast, both for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes, while the zones located in the eastern and western parts tend to be static and left behind. • The corridors of Prambanan – Yogyakarta – Godean and Bantul – Yogyakarta – Sleman – Tempel tend to rapidly develop. • The corridor of Yogya – Wates tends to develop slowly.
Source : Bapeda DIY 2003
Urban Development Strategy in DIY Province 2019
Land. The soil structure and texture of the middle and south-west parts of DIY is good (regosol and aluvial). The areas is relative flat and is rich of water. Therefore, it is suitable for agricultural purposes. The east and south-east parts (Gunungkidul and Bantul) are poor areas. The land is not fertile and those areas lack water. They are not suitable for cultivation. Land-use The urban and rural land-use is accumulated in the middle zone of DIY (Merapi-Bantul Basin). Therefore, the urban population, infrastructure and facilities and other investments are concentrated in this zone. The east part of DIY (Gunungkidul) is dry, and the urban agglomeration is concentrated in the City of Wonosari. The west zone of DIY is suitable for agricultural purposes (alluvial plain), while the east and north parts of the zone are relatively dry. The urban area of Wates develops slowly. Landscape The ribbon development takes place along the corridors of Prambanan-Yogya-Tempel and Bantul – Yogya. They are the main corridors. The landscape of Yogya-Bantul-Sleman forms an urban agglomeration that sprawls organically. The core area of Gunungkidul Regency is the urban agglomeration of Wonosari, this area develops slowly, in terms of its population and economic activities.
Administrative Boundaries Province Regency Sub-District Tata Guna Lahan/Spatial Plan Pendidikan/Education Hutan / Forestry Industri / Industry Kawasan hijau / Green Zone Preservasi Budaya / Cultural Preservation Permukiman / Settlement Pariwisata / Tourism Jasa & Perdagangan / Urban Centre
Factors • The best land resources lie from the slope of Merapi to Bantul Basin. • The population distribution, construction of infrastructure and facilities as well as the development of investments are concentrated in the middle zone of DIY. • The landscape of the corridor is formed by the urban functions which are relatively the same.
Fungsi Jalan / Function of Roads Jalan Tol / Toll Roads Arteri Primer / Primary Arterial Roads Arteri Sekunder / Secondary Arterial Roads Kolektor / Collector Roads Jalan Lokal / Local Roads Rel KA / MRT LRT
*
´ ´ î î « «
Economic Growth Nodes Bandara / Airport Terminal / Bus Station Stasiun KA / Railway Station
Source : Peta UDS , YUDP
Strength • The urban functions are concentrated in the middle zone of DIY, so the infrastructure and facilities can be provided.
Weakness • The urban area sprawls organically.
Opportunity • The slow growing cities like Wonosari and Wates can be developed if the scenario of deconcentrated urban development is implemented, and the development of the southern parts is realized.
Threat • Uncontrolled development concentration to the middle zone of DIY, especially in the urban agglomeration of Yogyakarta.
Potentials • The urban corridors of Prambanan-Yogya-Wates and Bantul – Yogya – Sleman – Tempel form the main urban systems in DIY.
Constraints • The urban development causes environmental degradation.
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
Inter Municipal Spatial Linkage 4 - 2
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Urban – Rural Spatial Linkages in DIY
General Land Suitability in DIY Province
Land Forest Not-Suitable Suitable
Facts • Land - Land Qualification is suitable for urban – rural development at the same location. • Land-use - The urban function organically sprawls to the rural area, especially the housing settlement. This causes land conversion from agricultural to non-agricultural purposes. The average land conversion amounts to 338 ha/year. The biggest land conversion takes place in Sleman Regency (235 ha/year). - The land price goes up significantly in the urban area, especially along the main roads. - Law enforcement s in general weak. • Landscape - The urban physical characteristics have sprawled to the rural areas. - The urban agglomeration landscape takes place in the City of Yogyakarta and Wonosari City. - The physical condition of the rural areas decline and so does its image. Trend • The potential rural land tends to be converted into urban land. • The land potential for urban area located near the City of Wates, Kulon Progo Regency, tends to be neglected. • The urban phenomena will get stronger. Factors • The law enforcement is weak so the urban-rural zones are assumed as reserved land for the future urban development. • The need for urban space increases significantly. • The housing settlement develops organically and uncontrollably. • The physical condition of the rural areas decline and so does its image. • The urban area sprawls uncontrollably.
Source : Bapeda DIY 2003
Urban Area in DIY Province Legend : Urban Area
Strength • Land Qualification is suitable for urban – rural development at the same location. • The urban – rural accessibility is good.
Weakness • The urban area sprawls organically. • There is no zoning plan for urban – rural development.
Opportunity • Establishment of urban – rural zoning plan to strengthen the urban – rural linkages.
Threat • The rural areas are assumed as reserved land for the future urban development. • Land speculation.
Potentials • The urban development is oriented to the dry area which close to the surface water and the southern main roads or railroads parallel to the urban corridor of Yogya - Wates. • The development of industrial centers is oriented to the rural areas. Each industrial center has one value-added product.
Constraints • The urban area in the middle zone of DIY sprawls uncontrollably covering the rural areas.
Source : DIY Dalam Angka, 2002
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
Urban-Rural Spatial Linkages 4 - 3
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Alternative South Route Plan
Source : Bappeda Prop. Jawa Source : Kimpraswil DIY, 2004
Regional Development Coordination
Development Plans of Central Java
•
The development of southern road of Java is an alternative access to balance the fast growing northern part of Java (Pantura), in which traffic jams often occur, and decrease the carrying capacity.
•
The development of the southern road involves five provinces in Java and the Province of Bali. The province of DIY and Central Java have for a long time prepared the development of the southern road, using the existing road built during the colonial time (Deandels Road).
•
The province of DIY has prepared not less than four alternative southern roads, but the strongest is the second alternative, the road link of Temon – Panjatan – Galur – Pandak – Bantul – Jetis – Imogiri – Dlingo – Playen – Wonosari - Semanu-Rongkop.
•
In general, the Central Java has prepared its regional development, not less than 13 development scenarios. However, the coordination with DIY is only in the context of the southern road development. The old issue of developing Yogyakarta – Surakarta - Semarang (Joglosemar) do not get attention anymore.
Based on the regional regulation No. 21 / 2003 (RTRWP Jawa Tengah), the strategic areas have been defined as follows: 1. The area of Segara Anakan Lagoon and flora conservation 2. The area of Dieng Environmental conservation and cultural sites preservation 3. The river catchment area of Garang Environmental conservation and flood control 4. The area of KSP Rawa Pening Environmental conservation and revitalization 5. The area of Solo-Selo-Borobudur (SSB) Environmental conservation, eco-tourism development, world-heritage preservation 6. The National Park of Merapi-Merbabu Environmental conservation, eco-tourism development, Development of Science and Technology of Geography 7. Agropolitan Development of local resources-based agribusiness, development of infrastructure 8. The area of Barlingmascakep and Purworejo Regional Marketing Development 9. The area of Subosuko Wonosraten 10. The area of Kedung Sepur Development of industry, trade, services and infrastructure 11. The area of KBT Purworejo Development of marine resources 12. The area of KBT Rembang – Bonang Binangun Slike (BBS) Development of marine and tourism resources 13. The area of Karimunjawa Island Environmental conservation and tourism development
SPATIAL
Triple – A
Spatial 4 - 4
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Development Potentials of Southern Part of Java Coverage Area of South-South Corridor
Banten Province 1.Kab. Lebak 2.Kab. Pandeglang
West Java Province 3.Kab. Sukabumi 4.Kab. Cianjur 5.Kab. Garut 6.Kab. Tasikmalaya 7.Kab. Ciamis
Central Java Province 8. Kab. Cilacap 9. Kab. Kebumen 10.Kab. Purworejo 11.Kab. Wonogiri
DI Yogyakarta Province 12. Kab. Kulon Progo 13. Kab. Bantul 14. Kab. Gunungkidul
East Java Province 15. Kab. Pacitan 16. Kab. Trenggalek 17. Kab. Tulungagung 18. Kab. Blitar 19. Kab. Malang 20. Kab. Lumajang 21. Kab. Jember 22. Kab. Banyuwangi
Sub-Corridors and Segments of South-South Corridor
Potentials of South-South Corridor •
• • •
The South-South Corridor (PANSELA) is potential to be developed (for freight and fish ports, economic development and inter-regional infrastructure development (road networks) to equalize the investments and infrastructure development oriented to the North-North Corridor (PANTURA) and the South-South Corridor. The development of ports in the South-South Corridor is connected to the inter-continental sipping trips (AustraliaEurope, Australia-Asia). The Harbor of Cilacap has been serving as a pioneer of marine services for the southern part of Java, as gasoline, freight and fish ports. Cilacap is located in the middle of southern part of Java and is very strategic as a distribution gate of goods for the south-south corridor. The biggest fish port considered feasible to be developed is that located in Prigi, Trenggalek. The other potential ports are located in Cilacap, Purworejo, Glagah (Kulon Progo), Pacitan and Banyuwangi. The South-South Corridor is sub-divided into three sub-corridors and nine segments, namely: - Sub-corridor of West PANSELA consisting of three segments (Pandeglang-Lebak, Sukabumi-Tasikmalaya, Ciamis-Cilacap) Sub-corridor of Central PANSELA consisting of two segments (Kebumen-Bantul, Gunungkidul-Pacitan) Sub-corridor of East PANSELA consisting of four segments (Trenggalek-Tulungagung, Blitar-Malang, Lumajang-Jember, Banyuwangi)
Source: Departemen KIMPRASWIL Dirjen Penataan Ruang Penataan Ruang Wilayah Untuk Percepatan Pembangunan Koridor Pantai Selatan Jawa, 2004
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
PANSELA Corridor 4 - 5
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Outstanding Areas of Java – Bali
Land-use Direction of South-South Corridor
Land Structure and Land-Use of South-South Corridor • •
• • •
Establishment of value-added economic sectors as development generators for the South-South Corridor based on the development direction for outstanding areas as stated in RTRWN (National Spatial Plan) for Java-Bali. Establishment of national, regional and local-wide urban systems to create an inter-connection between the cities along the PANSELA Corridor and those along PANTURA Corridor. The cities along the PANSELA Corridor have the following hierarchies: - Hierarchy I as the center of national activities (PKN) are the cities of Cilacap and Yogyakarta - Hierarchy II as the center of functional area activities (PKW) are the cities of Pandeglang, Rangkasbitung, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Tasikmalaya, Pangandaran, Kebumen, Bantul, Tulungagung and Banyuwangi. - Local activity centers - 1 (PKL-1) are in 18 cities, including the cities of Wates and Wonosari. - Local activity centers - 2 (PKL-2) are in 28 cities. Development of urban - rural inter-connection as a unity of development. Development of infrastructure system based on the needs for the development of south-south coridor. Land-use direction for the south-south corridor includes the development of economic potentials, the controll of cultivation in preserved areas, improvement of the function of conserved areas and hazardous areas.
Source: Departemen KIMPRASWIL Dirjen Penataan Ruang Penataan Ruang Wilayah Untuk Percepatan Pembangunan Koridor Pantai Selatan Jawa, 2004
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
PANSELA Corridor 4 - 6
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Economic Development Concept for Sub-Corridor of Central PANSELA
PANSELA Development Concept compared to the Urban Systems
Economic Development Concept for West-Sub-Corridor of PANSELA
Economic Development Concept for South-South Corridor •
•
The cities along the South-South Corridor grow as backcountries in Java Island. Economically, they grow with an agricultural economic basis, (agriculture, plantation, fishery), as well as with mining and tourism basis. The economic development concept of PANSELA is basically oriented to encourage and develop the existing potential economic sectors. The concept is oriented to the economic development of the areas that have two or more economic potentials. For example, the economic development for the sub-corridor of Central PANSELA: - Kulon Progo Segment for agriculture and fishery. - Bantul Segment for agriculture and tourism. - Gunungkidul Segment for agriculture, tourism and mining.
Economic Development Concept for East Sub-Corridor of PANSELA
Source: Departemen KIMPRASWIL Dirjen Penataan Ruang Penataan Ruang Wilayah Untuk Percepatan Pembangunan Koridor Pantai Selatan Jawa, 2004
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
PANSELA Corridor 4 - 7
Laporan Utama
REGIONAL ATLAS Special Province of Yogyakarta
Infrastructure Development Concept for Sub-Corridor of Central PANSELA
Infrastructure Development Concept for Sub-corridor of West PANSELA
Infrastructure Development Concept for Sub-corridor of East PANSELA
Infrastructure Development Concept for PANSELA Corridor • • •
The infrastructure development is based on the comprehensive (local, regional and national) infrastructure development concept. The infrastructure development is intended to accelerate the development of PANSELA corridor, especially the inter-connection of the cities in PANSELA corridor and the cities in PANTURA corridor. The infrastructure (roads) to be developed include the followings: - South-South Corridor (the functions of Primary Arterial Roads, Collector Primary -1 and Collector Primary 2) - Feeder-road network connecting to the main cities along the PANTURA corridor (the function of Primary Arterial Roads and Collector Arterial Roads) - The existing main roads (the function of Primary Arterial Roads and Collector Arterial Roads) Source: Departemen KIMPRASWIL Dirjen Penataan Ruang Penataan Ruang Wilayah Untuk Percepatan Pembangunan Koridor Pantai Selatan Jawa, 2004
SPATIAL PLAN
Triple – A
PANSELA Corridor 4 - 8
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
SOUTH – SOUTH CORRIDOR BACKGROUND: 1. Imbalance development growth between the Northern Area and Southern Area of Java. 2. Optimization of the southern area. 3. Poor market network in the southern area.
EXISTING
Special Province of Yogyakarta
EXISTING
ROAD NETWORKS OF SOUTH-SOUTH CORRIDOR
N
SEGMENT I ROAD LINKS OF CONGOT – SRANDAKAN Road Widening to 24 M
E XISTING
Source : Kimpraswil Prop. DIY
SEGMENT III ROAD LINKS OF PARANGTRITIS – BARON Tunnel Construction and New Road Construction of 24 M Wide
SEGMENT II ROAD LINKS OF SRANDAKAN – PARANGTRITIS Kretek II Bridge Construction of 375 M Long
EXISTING
SEGMENT IV ROAD LINKS OF BARON – DUWET Road Widening to 24 M and Improvement of Vertical and Horizontal Road Alignment
BENEFITS: 1. Optimize the potentials of the southern areas of DIY Province, i.e. tourisms, marine industries, and agriculture that may increase the community income. 2. Provide better access to the road networks in the southern part of Java. 3. Balance the development of DIY which has so far been oriented to the north east direction. The corridor of Pawonsari Bakulrejo (Pacitan – Wonogiri – Wonosari – Bantul – Kulon Progo – Purworejo) is part of the development program for the southern part of Java which also coincides with the development orientation of the southern part of DIY Province. The development of marine potentials will also be applied in the corridor. It is expected that the economic condition in the southern part of Java will be also improved through the comprehensive development programs. Technical Data The total road length is approximately 117.60 km (with a tunnel of 9.00 km) road width of 2 x 7.00 m, road body of 24.00 m. The activities already conducted include the following: 1. A Feasibility Study conducted in 2003 2. Coordination Meeting of related municipalities and provinces conducted in 2004 3. DED for the road links of South-South Corridor connecting Guningkidul Regency and Bantul Regency conducted in 2004 Financing Plan Total construction cost is estimated at Rp 1,969,010,878,000 (One trillion nine hundred sixty nine billion and ten million eight hundred seventy eight thousand rupiah)
SPATIAL
Triple – A
South-south Corridor 4 - 9
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta H O U S IN G N E E D S B Y U R B A N - R U R A L IN D IY P R O V IN C E Y EAR 2002
Housing Distribution
NO.
M u n ic ip a l/R e g e n c y
H o u s in g Needs
1 SLEM AN 2 KU LO N PR O G O 3 Y O G Y A K A R T A C IT Y 4 BANTUL 5 G U N U N G K ID U L D IY P R O V IN C E S o u r c e : S u s e n a s 2 0 0 2 , B P S , a n a lis is
URBAN H o u s in g S to c k
1 7 3 ,0 6 2 1 5 ,8 5 1 1 0 1 ,6 6 9 1 3 6 ,5 3 9 7 ,5 8 7 4 2 0 ,4 2 1
H o u s in g Needs
B a c k - lo g
1 4 4 ,4 6 4
- 2 8 ,5 9 9
1 1 ,7 4 9
- 4 ,1 0 2
7 4 ,4 5 4
- 2 7 ,2 1 5
1 2 8 ,5 0 7
- 8 ,0 3 2
5 ,9 4 5
- 1 ,6 4 3
3 4 7 ,4 3 1
- 7 2 ,9 9 1
RURAL H o u s in g S to c k
4 5 ,3 7 6 7 6 ,7 8 3 0 5 7 ,5 2 4 1 4 7 ,4 5 2 3 4 1 ,4 2 2
B a c k - lo g
3 7 ,8 7 7
- 7 ,4 9 8
5 6 ,9 1 4
- 1 9 ,8 6 9
0
0
5 4 ,1 4 0
- 3 ,3 8 4
1 1 5 ,5 2 7
- 3 1 ,9 2 4
2 8 2 ,1 4 6
- 5 9 ,2 7 5
TREND OF HOUSING IN DIY PROVINCE, YEAR 1981-2000 Municipal/Regency
1981-1985 Total Total Unit Location
Yogyakarta Sleman Bantul Gunung Kidul Kulon Progo DIY PROVINCE
1986-1990 Total Total Unit Location
1991-1995 Total Total Unit Location
1996-2000 Total Total Unit Location
205 1245 243
3 12 2
272 3832 2401
3 21 10
169 7110 1653
4 33 9
705 2023 2968
1693
17
6505
34
8932
46
5696
TOTAL Total Unit 11 28 15 3 7 64
Total Location
1351 14210 7265
22826
21 94 36 3 7 161
Source : Inventarisas i as et perumahan
N um b er of H ou seh olds by No n P erm anen t Ho u sin g D IY P ro vin ce NO. 1 2 3 4 5
Developer-Build Housing Housing Built by Developer C C Kulon Progo Regency C Bantul Regency C C Gunungkidul Regency C C Sleman Regency C C Yogyakarta Municipality C
M u n icip al/Reg en cy S LE M A N K ULO N P RO G O Y O G YA K AR T A CIT Y B AN TU L G U NU NG KIDU L D IY P RO V INC E
N on P erm an ent H ou sin g 19,703 25,694 7,075 20,043 28,226 100,741
Source : Susenas tahun 2000 dan 2002
Very dense settlement at river bank areas
Settlement
Source : Survey YUDP 2003
Housing DIY
Housing by real estate
Low cost flat at river bank area
Facts • In the province of DIY, there is a total housing need of 132,266 units (72,991 units for the urban areas and 59,275 units for the rural areas). • Of the total housing stocks of 462,958 units, 100,741 units or 21.7% are unsuitable. • Between 1981 and 2000, there have been 22,826 housing units built in 161 locations. The investment in medium and high class housing is still going on in the urban area of Yogyakarta.
Strength • In DIY, the business in property significantly increases • There a potential captive market for that business sue to the great demands from and outside DIY • It is easy to have access to the housing credit.
Trend • The houses in the urban kampongs and in the rural areas tend to decay • New houses will be constructed in the urban fringe areas.
Opportunity • There is possibilities to develop Kasiba (ready-to bebuilt-up area) or dormitory town outside UAY • The provision of low-cost housing will be conducted by non-government organizations.
Factors • The housing needs analysis is based on assumption that every household has one housing unit. In addition, there are still extended families. Therefore, the housing needs analysis should also take into account the extended families and students’ boarding houses. • The roles of Yogyakarta as the city of culture, education and tourism as well as the factor of being secure have attracted new investments in real-estate developments, especially in the norther part of Yogyakarta. • There is no clear housing zoning plan. The land acquisition is fully dependent on the efforts of the developers themselves. This makes the number of land speculators increase.
Potentials • Possibility to conduct a cross-boundary coordination in infrastructure development. • Development of housing development information system. • Institutional development for the government institutions responsible for housing provision.
Non Permanen house at rural areas
Weakness • There is no zoning plan for housing. • The public facilities are not completely provided in housing complexes • There is no housing development coordination in UAY. • The housing funding mechanism is not ‘pro poor’. Threat • The scattered housing development makes the investment cost for infrastructure and facilities high. • The land speculators make the land price high so the low-income groups cannot afford. Constraints • The role of government institutions responsible for the housing development is weak. • There is no housing development manual (housing zoning plan)
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Housing 5 - 1
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta 40.322
« « î î
Railway Station
´
Airport
Average of passengers per day by public road transportation, year 2002
Bus Station
69.593
10.536
Average of passengers per day by train
1.320
5.280
Road Statute Regency National Railway Province 8.549
Source: Dinas Perhubungan Prop. DIY
Source: DAOP VI Yogyakarta 2003
Average of passengers per day by air transportation in Adisucipto Airport
3.603 3.603 Penumpang / hari Passenger/day
Source : Angasapura II Yogyakarta Shuttle-train Pramex rute Jogja - Solo
Source: Kimpraswil DIY
Double Track Railway Construction
Arterial Road
Air Transport Services
Transportation Facts • Based on the data of 2002, the province of DIY has a total road of 4,919 Km, divided into three types of arterial roads, collector roads and local roads. Their condition is relatively good. • The rail transport operates in the southern part of Java. The double-tracks connecting the cities of Surabaya – Surakarta – Yogyakarta – Purwokerto – Cirebon - Jakarta are under construction. The rail transport connecting the cities of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (60 km) is served by Prambanan Ekspress shuttle train. • The international airport (Adisucipto) is located about 10 km from Yogyakarta City. It serves domestics and international flights. The runway and passenger terminal are being upgraded. • The regional transports of DIY and its surroundings are described as follows: o Passenger transport: road, rail and air transports (domestic and international flights). o Freight transport (exporting and importing) mostly through Tanjung Emas Harbour in Semarang, and the rest through Adisucipto Airport, Tanjung Priok Harbour and Sukarno Hatta Airport as well as through Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali. Trends • Traffic jams often take place in the urban center. • Private cars are dominant. • The prassenger and freight transports through Adisucipto airport increase. • The number of rail transport passengers stay stable, except during the weekends and school holidays. Prambanan Ekspress shuttle train transport has got positive responds from passengers. • The roads in the southern part of Java are getting busy, but traffic jams do not take place yet. Factors • The private cars amount to 65 %, while public transport only 20%, and the remaining is freight transport. • The number of motorized vehicles averagely increases at 13%/year. The number of private cards increases at 28% year. • The status Adisucipto airport has shifted to an international airport. • The ticket price of train transport (inter-regional transport) is higher compared to that of the air transport. People prefer to use the Prambanan Ekspress shuttle train transport due to the factors of safety and convenience. The roads along the northern coastal line of Java are quite busy and traffic jams often take place.
Strength • Regional and even international communication infrastructure and facilities have been available. • The road condition is relatively good. Opportunity • The policy to develop the the roads in the southern part of Java needs to be followed-up. • The service quality of shuttle train transport needs to be improved. • The quality of public transport needs to be improved so as to attract all segments of the community. Potentials • Development of intergrated inter-regional transport for inter-moda (road, rail and air transports). • Development of double-tracks to optimize the rail transport.
Weakness • The private cars are dominant. • There are always conflicts pertaining to the public transport (AKAP – inter-regional transport, AKDP – intra-regional transport, urban transport, rural transport), Threat • The inter-regional roads have different widths, thereby creating traffic jams. • There is no integrated public transport terminals.
Constraints • The development of highway of Yogyakarta Semarang is hindered by the geographic conditions (mountain range). • There is a competition among the three international airports of (Adisumarmo-Solo, Adisucipto-Yogya and A.Yani-Semarang).
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Road & Transportation 5 – 2
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
International Internasional Flight Penerbangan Domestic Flight Penerbangan Regional International Flight Plan Rencana Penerbangan Internasional
Source : Dinas Perhubungan DIY Air Traffic of Adisucipto Airport (Scheduled and under Scheduled) 1998 – May 2004 No
Discription
Year
Year 1998
Air Traffic of Adi Sucipto Airport Year 2004
2003
1999
2000
2001
2000
2002 until May
1500
1 Aeroplane Departures
4,819
3,503
3,938
4,048
4,853
3,151
Arrivals
4,819
3,503
3,938
4,048
4,859
3,136
Total
9,638
7,006
7,876
8,096
9,712
6,287
213,973
192,963
280,135
301,947
389,302
251,040
1000 500
2 Passenger (person) Departures Arrivals
0
249,608
236,607
299,275
316,019
403,586
249,967
Feb
Mar
Apr
Mei
Jun
Arrival
223
954
1449
1829
1936
Departures
169
832
1050
1543
1756
Transit
44,382
46,517
59,774
74,029
34,322
16,170
Total
507,963
476,087
639,184
691,995
827,210
517,177
1,285,538
1,318,989
676,391
664,662
3,464,539
2,252,004
989,758
890,954
955,620
1,178,480
3,579,753
2,164,662
2,275,296
2,209,943
1,632,011
1,843,142
7,044,292
4,416,666
2,184,538
1,930,795
2,244,024
2,619,630
999,717
446,253
2,184,538
1,930,795
2,244,024
2,619,630
999,717
446,253
Loaded
551,770
770,641
550,767
131,899
127,898
52,909
Unloaded
428,692
630,800
441,947
240,179
232,475
73,194
10
Total
980,462
1,401,441
992,714
372,078
360,373
126,103
5
3 Baggage (kg) Loaded Unloaded Total
Sumber : Kompas, tgl 24 Agustus 2004
Air Traffic of Adi Sucipto International Airport Year 2004
4 Cargo (kg) Loaded
30
Unloaded Total
25 20
5 Mail (kg)
Adisucipto Airport
15
Source: PT. Angkasa Pura I Bandara Adisucipto Yogyakarta
0 Number of flight
• •
•
Adisucipto Airport is an international airport. Since May 2004, there have been 40 daily domestic flights and one international flight (Kuala Lumpur and Singapore). It is also proposed to increase the number of direct flghts other countries. Adisucipto Airport is an enclave civil airport, used by the Indonesian Air Force and for civil commercial flights. Nevertheless, considering the increasing number of civil commercial flights, Gading Airport of Pathuk Sub-district in Gunungkidul Regency has been prepared as a replacement airport for Indonesian Air Force flight training. The passenger terminal facilities of Adisucipto Airport are being upgraded. They will be inter-connected to the railway and road transportation facilities which are located in the north.
Feb
Mar
Apr
Mei
Jun
4
16
25
27
26
Source : Kompas, tgl 24 Agustus 2004
Adisucipto Airport Specification -
Airport classification: Total area: Runway length : Runway surface: Landing capacity:
Type 1b 88,690 m2 2300 x 45 m asphalt concrete Boeing 737-400
- Passenger terminal: - Warehouse area : - waiting room capacity: - parking lot capacity:
5300 m2 380 m2 458 persons 200 cars, 400 motorcycles
Proposed design of Adisucipto Airport Development (Source : Kompas)
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Road & Transportation 5 – 3
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta LENGTH O F DRAINAG E CHANNEL IN DIY PRO VINCE , YEAR 2003 No.
M unicipal/Regency 1 2 3 4 5
Legend : Drainage Channels
Open Channel (m)
SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA BANTUL KULON PROGO GUNUNGKIDUL DIY PROVINCE
Closed Channel (m)
246,300 145,930 128,873 25,137 54,952 601,192
T otal (m)
23,705 220,538 789 9,958 805 255,796
270,005 366,468 129,662 35,095 55,757 856,988
Sourc e : YU IMS, Inventarisas i Aset dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-aset Prasarana (1999, dimutakhirkan 2003)
Length of Roads and D rainage Channel No . 1 2 3 4 5
Reg io n S lem an Y ogyakarta B antul K ulon P rogo G unungkidul DIY P ro vin ce
Ro ad s 184.38 206.60 151.00 255.04 222.06 1019.08
Drain ag e Ch an n el 270.01 366.47 129.66 35.09 55.76 856.99
Sourc e : K im praswil Propinsi D IY, 2003
Source : Kimpraswil Prop. DIY
Merapi Slope Drainage System
Drainage Facts • The drainage construction is only focused on the built-up areas, especially in the urban centres of Yogyakarta. The secondary and tertiary drainage channels are connected to the primary system (rivers). There are six rivers crossing the City of Yogyakarta. They are the rivers of Kuning, Gajahwong, Code, Winongo, Bedog and Konteng. • There is no secondary drainage channel in DIY connected to the primary system in Central Java. Trend • The quantity of run-off water tends to increase, thereby increasing the number of stagnant water. • Some people still litter their waste into the drains. Factors • The increasing quantity of run-off water is due to the increase of built-up areas. • The drainage, sewerage and irrigation channels are also considered as rivers into which people usually litter their wastes.
Strength • The province of DIY and its suroundings have porous soil structure. • The existing drainage channels work quite well. Opportunity • The inter-municipal coordination Kartamantul Joint Secretariat in drainage management needs to be followed-up. • It is necessary to construct ponds in the water catchment areas.
Weakness • The drainage channels are poorly maintained. • People still litter their waste into the drains.
Potentials • The conduct of Inter-municipal coordination in drainage management, espacially for the UAY. • The construction of ponds to serve as local tourism attractions and to enrich the water catchment areas.
Constraints • It is difficult to synchronize the joint funding for the inter-municipal drainage management.
Threat • The development of built-up areas in the water catchment areas is uncontrolled, without taking into account treatment aspects.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Drainage 5 - 4
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Coverage of Piped Water Supply
Type of Roads Provincial Roads
90 - 100 80 - 90 70 - 80 50 - 70 0 - 50
National Roads Railway
Pipe Network of PDAM in DIY Bantul Gunungkidul Kota Yogyakarta Kulonprogo Sleman
Residential Water Resources 750.000 375.000 75.000 PDAM Pump Well Shallow Well Spring Rain Fall Others have not
Source : Data Compilation of PDAM, Health Department and Environment Board DIY
Pote ntial Custome rs Pip ed W ater Sup ply of PDAM in DIY Year 200 2
Capacity Production, Distribution and Water Leakage of PDAM in DIY Province, Year 2002
40,000 35,000 18.00 30,000
Customers
16.00
in Million m3/Year
14.00
Source : Data Compilation of PDAM in DIY
12.00 10.00
25,000 20,000 15,000
8.00 6.00
10,000
4.00
5,000
2.00 -
0.00 Yogyakarta Municipality
WATER SUPPLY DIY Facts • Till 2002 the piped water supply system in DIY only serves 29% of the total population in DIY. There are a total of 95,672 connections and the production capacity is 1,423 l/second. All PDAMs (local water enterprises) in DIY use springs, deep wells, and underground rivers. The unaccounted-for-water is 35%. • The quality and quantity of piped water supply in DIY have not been satisfying. Both during the wet and dry season, the water is sometimes below standard. The piped water supply system has not yet been operated for 24 hours. • PDAM Tirtamarta in Yogyakarta City got a benefit of Rp. 1.87 billion in 2001, while the other PDAMs got deficit. • The non-piped water supply in DIY depends on shallow wells and springs. The water quality and quantity also depends on the surrounding environmental condition and seasons. • During the dry season, some areas in Gunungkidul Regency are supplied by water tank trucks. Trend • The service coverage of piped water supply will remain the same due to limited resources and investment. • The PDAMs in DIY will continue to get deficit. • The quality and quantity of water sources for non-piped water supply will decline. The content of nitrate and coilbacteria will increase and the water level will decline. Factor • There is an imbalance between water production and water demand at present and in the future. • With the separate systems, the cost of O&M is high. In addition, some Prams use a pumping system. • The quality and quantity of water catchments areas decrease.
Sleman
Total Production
Bantul
Kulon Progo
Gunungkidul Potential
Total Distribution
Total Sold W ater
W ater Leakage
Customers
Yogyakarta M unic ipality
Sleman
Bantul
1,200
10,00 0
15,00 0
5,000
7,500
32,56 9
16,09 4
9,713
Kulon Progo
8,886
Gunun gkidul
28,41 0
Source: PDAM in DIY and Health Departm ent Sourc e: PDAM in DIY
Strength •
PDAM has been established in every local government in DIY.
•
The human resources for piped water supply management are available.
Opportunity • There is a possibility to conduct inter-municipal coordination in water management. • There is enough surface water for raw water resources. Potentials •
The population keeps growing and urban area keeps sprawling. It means that there is a possibility to provide new connections.
•
The surface water can be used for raw water resources.
Weakness • Some PDAMs have separate systems and use a pumping system so the O&M cost is high. • The service coverage is low. • Water resources are limited, even to meet the present demand. • Water Leakage is high. Threat • The uncontrolled spatial development endangers the water catchment areas.
Constraints • The capacity of groundwater declines. It is not enough to meet the need for water in the future. • The content of Fe (iron) is high. • The cost of surface water treatment is high.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Water Supply 5 - 5
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Reservoir System of Sleman, Yogyakarta, Bantul
Scheme of Water Utilization From Magelang
Reservoir Induk Reservoir PDAM Sleman
Source : Kimpraswil DIY, 2002
Potential of Water Sources from Magelang
Water Demand Rate, Long Term (2019)
Reservoir Gemawang
4000
1.2
3000
0.8
l/second
(m3/detik)
3450
3500
1
0.6
`
0.4
2500 2000 1500
1450 1200
0.2
1000 0
1999
2004
2009
2014
2019
Yogyakarta
0.52
0.6
0.7
0.9
1.1
Sleman
0.17
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
Bantul
0.09
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Reservoir PDAM Bantul Source : Kimpraswil DIY, 2002
Source : YUDP Analysis, 1999
500
300
500 0
Pisangan Spring Water
Treko Spring Water
Gending Spring Water
Srumbung Spring Water
Total
Source : Bappeda Magelang, 2002
Strength
Potential of Water Sources from Magelang Facts • The capacity of groundwater is no longer enough to meet the need for piped water supply DIY, especially the Urban Agglomeration of Yogyakarta (UAY). • The costly surface water treatment becomes another issue to be addressed. 3 • There is a big water source in Magelang Regency. Its production capacity is high (3.5 m /second). Thus, there is a possibility to conduct an inter-municipal cooperation in water management. Trend • The provincial government of DIY is interested to conduct a cooperation with the Regency of Magelang in water management. Factors • The capacity of groundwater in DIY is limited. • There is already an inter-municipal coordination in water management among PDAM Tirtamarta Yogyakarta, PDAM Sleman and PDAM Bantul. The groundwater from Magelang is very potential (close, big capacity, economical). The capacity is not • yet optimised.
• • •
Weakness • The distance between Magelang and UAY is approximately 40 km. Thus, the investment cost will be quite high. • The water tariff cannot cover the water price from Magelang. The water reservoir to store the water from Magelang has been • The management of PDAM Yogyakarta is not ready to provided by PDAM Tirtamarta. cooperate with the private sector. The distribution netwroks have been installed. There is a big groundwater source in Magelang that can be operated gravitationally to the UAY.
• There are new potential customers. Opportunity Threat • There is an ooprtunity to cooperate with the private sector in • The community living near the water sources in Magelang water management from Magelang. will complain because they also use the water for irrigation • Improve the Joint Secretariat to also cover the inter-municipal water management. Potentials • There is a possibility to extent the service coverage in the urban areas in DIY. • The quality and quantity of ground water resources in Magelang are sufficient. • The piped water supply can be operated gravitationally to the UAY.
Constraints • The piped water networks have not fully been interconnected. • The unaccounted-for-water is high.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Water Supply 5 - 6
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
N u m b e r o f Ind ivid u a l L a trine a n d S e w a g e T re a tm e n t C ha nn e ls Coverage Area of STP 90% - 100% 80% - 90% 70% - 80% 60% - 70% 50% - 60% 40% - 50% Industry Potential to Cause Polution Chemical Metal Food & Beverage Mining Textile
S u b -D istrict K ulon P rogo B antul G unungkidul S lem an Y ogyakarta D IY
L atrin e U n d er S tan d ard S tan d ar 72% 17% 51% 29% 17% 50% 68% 13% 65% 30% 55% 28%
S ew ag e T reatm en t C h an n el No U n d er No F acilities S tan d ard S tan d ar F acilities 11% 54% 23% 23% 20% 40% 30% 30% 33% 10% 45% 45% 20% 62% 17% 21% 5% 38% 31% 31% 18% 41% 29% 30%
S o u rce: C om p ilation d ata o f R egen cy H ealth D ep artm ent in D IY P rovin ce, Year 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 1
Source : Kimpraswil & Bappeda DIY, 2002
Sanitation in the Province of DIY Facts • In the province of DIY, most of community’s sanitation needs have been served by on-site facilities: septic tank, liaching pits, and communal system. Some are served by off-site sewerage system. In general, the people living in rural areas use an individual system because there are enough spaces for individual waste treatment. • Some people living on riverbanks directly dispose their waste into the river without prior treatment. As a result, the content of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand) in the river is high. • Septic tank or ‘cubluk’ desludging is usually done periodically by the private sector by vacuum trucks and the sludge is treated in IPAL (STP). Some people do not have their ‘cubluk’ desludged, but construct a new one in another location. Trend • It will be difficult to find a space for on-site treatment system, especially in densely populated areas. • The off-site system cannot cover the areas along the riverbanks due to their topographic condition. If the off-site system is applied, the operation and maintenance cost will be very high. Factor • The sewage treatment system is environmentally under standard. • In the housing complexes, the individual sanitation system is used.
Strength • Most of the community are aware of the significance of off-site seweage treatment system.
Opportunity • There is a possibility to develop an environmentally-sound sewage treatment for individua, communal and off-site systems. Potentials • There is a possibility to introduce a communal treatment system. • The construction of environmentally sound treatment facility could be included as a pre-requirement of Building Permit issuance.
Weakness • Especially in the densely populated areas, it is dificult to find a space for offsite sewage treatment plant. • The investment cost for off-site system is high. • The issuance of Building Permit does not require the condition to connect to the offsite system. Threat • The densely populated areas in DIY (Yogyakarta, Sleman and Bantul) have porous land so the groundwater is easily polluted (nitrate and coli bacteria). Constraints • The investment cost for the construction of standardized treatment facility is high. • Some people are not aware of the significance of environmentally-sound treatment facility.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Sewerage & Sanitation 5 - 7
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Off Site Sewage Treatment of SEWON
IV
Uraian Network System Primary Sewers Flushing Pipe Lateral Pipe Treatment System Total Area Treatment Capacity Facultative Aerated Ponds Ponds Retention Time Effective Depth Maturation Ponds Ponds Retention Time Effective Depth
Satuan
O&M Cost and Revenue for Off-SiteSTP
2000 800
m
43.221 19.433 91.000
m Hectare m3/day
6,7 15500
700
in Million Rp.
No. I 1 2 3 II 1 2 III
600 O&M Network Cost
500
O&M STP Cost Network
400
Revenue
300
Governm ent Subsidies
200 100 -
unit hari m
4 5,5 4
unit hari m
2 1 1,5
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year Description O&M Network Cost O&M STP Cost Network Total Revenue Government Subsidies Number of Connection O&M Connection Cost/Con
1996 140 359 499 62 437 5.283 94.454
1997 159 250 409 70 339 7.053 57.990
1998 187 291 478 73 405 7.595 62.936
1999 209 315 524 78 446 8.197 63.926
2000 231 577 808 82 726 8.798 91.839
2001 253 528 781 86 695 9.399 83.094
2002 275 553 828 90 738 10.000 82.800
Source : DKKP dan IPAL Sewon
Source : IPAL Sewon
Sewerage Tariff No
Inter-Municipal Off-site Treatment System
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
Customers Resident K.1 K.2 K.3 K.4 K.5 Commercial P.1 P.2 P.3 P.4 P.5 Hotel Non Star * Star ** Star *** Star **** Star ***** Star
Tariff (Monthly)
Permit Cost
1.000 2.000 5.000 10.000 20.000
5.000 7.500 10.000 12.500 15.000
6.000 10.000 20.000 50.000 100.000
7.500 10.000 20.000 30.000 50.000
5.000 30.000 50.000 60.000 80.000 100.000
10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 50.000
Description Head 1 - 5 Person 6 - 10 Person 11 - 20 Person 21 - 50 Person > 50 Person Employee 1 - 5 Person 6 - 15 Person 16 - 30 Person 31 - 100 Person > 100 Person
Depend on accomodation class
Source : DKKP
Facts •
DIY is already served by off-site sewerage system which was built during the colonialism time in the City of Yogyakarta. In 1995, the service coverage was extended covering the urban agglomeration of Yogyakarta by constructing Off-site Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP) located in Pendowoharjo, Sewon. Its service coverage is only 4% of the total population in DIY or 53,583 people served. The system consists of trunk sewers, lateral networks and flushing systems built in 1926. • Approximately 75% of the total population in DIY have individual facilities. 65% of community’s sanitation needs have been served by on-site facilities, communal system, and off-site treatment system, and the rest dispose their waste directly into the river. • Aside from the human waste, the non-domestic waste (from industries, hotels and hospitals) is also potential to pollute environment. Only several of these pollution sources have treatment plant facilities. • In 1995, treatment sewer network and STP was develop. The capacity of the STP 110 l/second is able to serve population of 110,000 heads. Trend • The capacity of off-site sewage treatment plant (STP) has not veen optimized. • The flushing water is used for flushing the off-site sewerage networks. • People still litter their solid waste into sewerage pipes. Factors • The number of illegal sonnection is high. • The tariff is quite low (Rp 500 hh/month).
•
Strength • The off-site system can serve 110,000 customers. • The trunk sewers have been installed in the service area. Opportunity • There in an opportunity to improve the inter-municipal coordination which has been established for STP management • There is a possibility to cooperate with the private sector in sewerage management. Potentials • There is a possibility to extend the service coverage to commercial areas and hotels..
Weakness • The service coverage of the off-site system is low. • Some areas are not yet provided with lateral pipes so potential customers cannot be served yet. • The O&M cost for the off-site system is high. Threat • People still litter their waste into sewerage pipes.
Constraints • The community’s awareness of the sewage treatment and paying for the sewerage fee is low. • The investment cost for the construction and O&M of the off-site system is high. • The revenue from the sewerage fee collection is low.
The O&M cost for STP is high.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Sewerage & Sanitation 5 - 8
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Communal Sewage Treatment Plant
Legend :
Communal Sewage Treatment Plant by DEWATS
River Communal STP
Operation & Maintenance Cost No. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Description Operator Equipment Desludging Effluent examination Total
Total Cost (Rp/Year) 1.200.000 50.000 200.000 50.000 1.500.000
Source: Performance Evaluation of Communal STP, 1999
Communal Sewage Treatment Plant di Yogyakarta Facts •
•
The communal sewage treatment plant (Communal STP) is applied in densely populated areas of above 150 persons/ha. Each Communal STP serves between 10 and 100 households. This system has been applied in Yogyakarta City, especially in the areas which cannot be served by the off-site system. In the City of Yogyakarta, the Communal STP is located in Wirogunan, Brontokusuman, Purwokinanti and Serangan. The operation and maintenance of the communal system should be the responsibility of the local community (RT/RW). The annual operation and maintenance cost amounts to Rp 1,500,000/communal system. This cost will be sourced from all the customers paying between Rp 1,500 and Rp 2,500/connection/month for the communal system.
Trend • •
The communal STP will also be applied in other densely populated areas and in new housing complexes. Some people living along the riverbanks will still litter their waste into the river without prior treatment.
Factor • The construction of one communal system serving around 20 households requires a total cost of Rp 75 million. This cost is quite high for the local community. Therefore, subsidy from the government is required. • In the densely populated area (>150 people/ha), it is difficult to construct the communal facility. The space where the communal system is constructed usually belongs to the government.
Strength • The locations for the communal system have been available in Yogyakarta City. • The local organization to be responsible for the operation and maintenance of the system is ready. • This communal system is applied in the areas which cannot served by the off-site system. Opportunity • There is a possibility to use an appropriate technology for human waste treatment. • It is proposed to include the construction of communal system as one of the conditions of developing a new housing complex.
Weakness • The application of the communal system is limited. • It is difficult to sellect the location for the communal system.
Potentials • The communal system can be applied in the areas along the riverbanks which cannot served by the off-site system. • The construction of the communal system can be on the space that belongs to the government. • It is possible to cooperate with the private sector for desludging services. • The communal system will decrease the groundwater and surface water pollution.
Constraints • It is difficult to encourage the community to keep their living environment healthy, neat and clean.
Threat • The prohibition of littering liquid waste into the river or into the open space has not been fully enforced
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Sewerage & Sanitation 5 - 9
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
U D is pos al Site U
SOLID WASTE ACCOMPLISED BY 100 50 10
C o verag e A rea < 25 % 25 % - 50 % > 50 %
Government Community
Source : Inventarisasi dan evaluasi kinerja aset-aset persampahan, YUIMS 1999
Source : Inventarisasi dan evaluasi kinerja aset-aset persampahan, YUIMS 1999
Solid Waste Management Facts • In DIY, the solid waste management only covers the urban area. Based on the date of 2002, the solid waste production in DIY amounted to 5,703 m3/day. Of the total solid waste, only 35% or 2,020 m3/day transported to the final disposal site (TPA). • At present, there are three final disposal sites, namely TPA Piyungan serving the local governments of Yogyakarta, Bantul and Sleman, TPA Ringinardi serving Kulon Progo Regency and TPA Wukirsari serving Gunungkidul Regency. All the TPAs use the sanitary landfill system. • The other solid waste handling is in the form of recycling and composting, while the hazardous wastes has not been properly treated. • The operation and maintenance cost for the solid waste management is sourced from APBD. The involvement of the community and private sector has not been optimized. Trend • In line with the population growth, especially in the Province of Yogyakarta, the solid waste production will also increase. • The revenue derived from solid waste collection fee is not enough to cover the operation and maintenance cost. • Some people still litter their solid waste on the riverbanks. There are approximately 266 illegal dumping sites found in the urban area of Yogyakarta (Source: Study on Good Governance in Water Resource Management/GGWRM bulan Maret-April 2004). • The handling of hazardous waste has not been separated from that of organic waste. Factors • Publicity and information campaign on solid waste management and collection fee has not been well conducted. Therefore, the involvement of the coomunity in solid waste management is weak. • The operation and maintenance cost for solid waste management is high. • Solid waste recycling and composting are done in smal-scales. • The handling of hazardous waste is limited.
C o v e r a g e o f C o lle c t e d W a s t e in D IY P r o v in c e , Y e a r 2 0 0 2 100 % 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
a art ak gy Yo
T r e n d o f C o lle c t e d W a s t e in D IY P r o v in c e , Year 1996 - 2002 8 .0 0 0 7 .0 0 0 6 .0 0 0 5 .0 0 0 4 .0 0 0 3 .0 0 0 2 .0 0 0
n ma Sle U rb an
l ntu Ba R u ra l
go Pro lon Ku
ul kid ng nu Gu
N o t C o lle c t e d
1 .0 0 0 1 99 6
1 99 7
1 99 8
1 99 9
W a s te P r o d u c t io n
2 00 0
2 00 1
2 00 2
W a s te C o lle c t e d
Strength • The equipment is available. • The solid waste management from the source to the final disposal site has involved the local community organizations. Opportunity • The cooperation between the government and private sector in solid waste management is necessary. • Ti is necessary to improve the composting activity to support the agricultural sector.
Weakness • The O&M cost does not comply with the existing standards. • The coverage of solid waste managem,ent is low. • Solid waste handling by types has not been done yet.. Threat • Community behaviour to keep their living environment healthy, neat and clean. • In DIY there are sources of hazardous wastes such as leather industries, film-printing offices, etc. At present, there is no regional-scale waste treatment plant.
Potentials • There is possibility to improve the solid waste management in DIY. • For a big-scale composting, the private sector can be involved. • The community sould be actively involved in the solid waste management through the existing local organizations (RT/RW).
Constraints: • The coverage of solid waste management is low so the community not covered by this system tend to litter their waste into the open space nearby or into the river without prior treatment. • It is difficult to find another location for a new TPA. • The teatment facility for hazardous wastes has not been provided.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Solid Waste 5 - 10
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
Shared Utilization of Final Disposal Site Piyungan Facts • Under the inter-municipal coordination context, there has been an agreement for a joint management of TPA Piyungan among the City of Yogyakarta the Regency of Sleman and the Regency of Bantul under a Joint Secretariat of Kartamantul. The final disposal site is located about 16 km to the south-east of Yogyakarta City. The three local governments is proportionally responsible for the O&M cost. • Sanitary landfill system is applied in TPA Piyungan. Recycling is done by scavengers. Composting has once been done, but there is no follow-up. • The leachate from TPA is not treated optimally. Trend • The heave equipment used in TPA Piyungan is poorly maintained. • The number of scavengers and cows in the final disposal site increases. Factors • The conduct of operation and maintenance of the heavy equipment does not comply with the O&M manuals. • Recycling and cow breeding in the final disposal site are profitable. Contribution of Investation & O&M Cost Solid Waste Final Disposal Site Piyungan 4327 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 Rp (in Million) 2000
1643 1251
1500 1000
652 186 79
305 44 18
251
285
108
435 72 32
500 0
1999
Specification
2000
Yogyakarta
2001
Slem an
2002
2003
Bantul
Source : Kimpraswil Prop. DIY
Stant to be openated : Area : Depth : Capacity : Life time Services: System :
1995 12 ha 40 m 2,7 Millions m3 10 – 13 year (Depend on Recycle activity) Sanitary landfill & leachate facility Photo @ YUDP
Strength • The TPA is located in a valley far from settlement areas. • There are scavengers in the TPA. Opportunity • There is possibility to cooperate with the private sector in composting. • Waste recycling. Potentials • The composting product can be used as fertilizer or ploant media. • There are job opprotunities in TPA
Weakness • The leachate is not well treated thereby polluting the surrounding areas. • There is no supporting facility for the scavengers in the TPA. Threat • The surrounding areas are polluted by leachate. • Solid waste transport by trucks creates dust pollution. • Constraints • The life time of TPA Piyungan will terminate in five years.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Solid Waste 5 - 11
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Daerah Aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo Hulu Karst(Sungai Bawah Tanah) Bogowonto Dengking-Munggi Opak Oyo Progo Serang
Sawah
Intake of Karangtalun Dam
Intake of Kalibawang Dam Coverage Irrigation Area Dam
Coverage area (ha)
B. Pengasih DPS Serang B. Pekik Jamal
DPS Progo
DPS Opak
B. Kalibawang B. Karangtalun - Sal. Mataram - Van der Wijk Intake Kamijoro Intake Sapon Beberapa bendung
Farming Land Area (ha)
Water Resources 25.000
2.757 S. Serang Suplesi dari waduk Sermo melalui kali Ngrancah 1.006 S. Serang Suplesi dari kali Papah 2.313 S. Progo 8.774 8.457 2.270 1.970
S. S. S. S. S.
Progo Progo Progo Bedog Opak
20.000 Area (ha)
RFA
15.000 10.000 5.000 0
2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 2001 2002 KP
BTL
GK
SLM
YK
Technical Irrigation
Semi Technical Irrigation
N on Technical irrigation
R ural Irrigation (non PU)
Source : Dinas Pengairan
Source : Penyusunan Program Rencana Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air DIY pada SWS Progo Opak O yo DI Yogyakarta, 2003
Farming Land Area(hectare) by Irrigation System, 2002 Irrigation Type Technical Irrigation Semi Technical Irrigation Non Technical irrigation Rural Irrigation (non PU) Total Area Source : Dinas Pengairan
KP 2001 6.799 1.394 1.003 11
2002 7.233 1.146 961 11
BTL 2001 2002 1.122 1.115 12.554 12.459 540 599 107 100
GK 2001 130 1.107 722 106
2002 147 1.048 733 169
9.207
9.351
14.323
2.065
2.097
14.273
SLM 2001 2002 9.999 10.005 8.723 8.703 4.110 4.101 0 0 22.832
22.809
YK 2001 0 143 0 0
2002 0 138 0 0
143
138
DIY 2001 2002 18.050 18.500 23.921 23.494 6.375 6.394 224 280 48.570
48.668
Strength • The irrigation system has been well developed. It serves the agricultural areas in the Province of DIY. • Water is available all the year long for agricultural purposes, industries and other public needs. • During the dry season, there is enough water supplying the rivers. • The irrigation activities provide adequate water replenishment. Opportunity The irrigation system is potential for tourism • attractions and ecotourism especially in the agricultural areas that have well designed irrigation system.
Weakness • The inspection on the water intakes is poor. • The irrigation cahnnels are often polluted by human waste and solid waste. The maintenance cost if high due to • sedimentation.
Potentials • The irrigation system, the spreadover rice field, and rice field cultivation may be used for ecotourism for foreign tourists. • The irrigation channel may be used for fishery and hydroponic plants.
Constraints The limited water sources and the increasing • need for water make the use and distribution of water sensitive issues.
Irrigation Water for irrigation is sourced from the dams of Karangtalun, Kamijoro and Opak (at several locations) and the intakes of Kalibawang and Sapon. The dam of Karangtalun is located in Progo River. The water is then distributed to Mataram Canal and Van der Wijk (directly through several intakes), supplying the rivers along Opak RCA (River Catchment Area), 200–550 l/second to Madukismo Sugar Factory (through Winongo River), and supplying the flushing water system for Yogyakarta City. The water flow of Mataram Canal is designed at 19.5 m3/second, but the realization is only 17 m3/second due to sedimentation. The intake and channel of Kalibawang serve the area in Kalibawang and Donomulyo. The water flow is designed at 7.25 m3/second. They also supply the rivers of Papah and Serang. The Dam of Kamijoro supplies the irrigation channel in the area of Pijenan. At present, the intake of Kamijoro is under improvement so some rice fields in the sub-districts of Sanden, Pandak and Srandakan lack water (Kompas, 18 May 2004). The intake of Sapon is located in the down-stream of Progo River. The water flow depends on water level of Progo River.
Threats • The degradation of functions due to the pollution by solid waste, sand and stones from the erosion and volcanic activities. • The number of agricultural land declines due to land conversion to non-agricultural purposes (housing and commercial areas). • The groundwater has been polluted due to the use of inorganic fertilizer.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Irrigation 5 - 12
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Customers 220.000
Number of Households Total Customers
Source : DIY dalam angka 2002
Number of Electricity Customers by Kind of Customers
E E m m s s { {
PLTA ( Hidro Power )
r r
Electric Relay Station
Residential
PLTU Commercial
PLTGU PLTG ( Gas Power )
Industry
Electrical Network High Voltage
Source : PLN Jawa Tengah
Electricity
General
Total
Year
Kulon Progo
Gunungkidul
Bantul
Yogyakarta
Sleman
Number of Electricity Produced and Sold (Kwh) in DIY Province
Total
2000 2001 2002 2000 2001 2002 2000 2001 2002 2000 2001 2002
58,681 60,815 62,652 1,035 1,156 1,254 17 17 16 1,984 2,055 2,133
93,500 96,906 99,317 1,104 1,945 1,997 30 53 52 2,780 2,709 2,775
153,476 157,403 163,186 3,739 3,260 3,618 106 87 91 3,943 4,196 4,344
116,338 119,232 122,428 9,837 10,587 11,066 195 191 188 3,822 3,865 4,126
118,531 122,335 126,971 2,971 3,607 3,928 104 107 103 3,240 3,307 3,393
540,526 556,691 574,554 18,686 20,555 21,863 452 455 450 15,769 16,132 16,771
2000 2001 2002
61,717 64,043 66,055
97,414 101,613 104,141
161,264 164,946 171,239
130,192 133,875 137,808
124,846 129,356 134,395
575,433 593,833 613,638
Power (GWh)
Customers
Electric Generating
1000 500 2002 2001
0
2000
Production
Sold
Source : DIY dalam angka 2001,2002
Source :DIY dalam angka 2001,2002
Consumption of Electricity in DIY Province (KWh)
Facts • In 2002, there were total of 613,638 electricity consumers, classified into households (540,526 consumers), businesses (613,638 consumers), industry (450 consumers), and public (16,771 consumers) • DIY Province electricity production in 2002 was approximately 1.2 billion KWH. Electricity sold was 90% of total production capacity. Electricity consumptions were for household (644 million kWh or 58.6%), businesses (181.8 GWh or 16.5%), industry (160.4 GWh or 14.6%), and public (112 GWh or 10,2%). The highest demand of electricity was in the businesses sector with the increasing rate of 25% per year. • Electricity tariff is based on power cost (Rp/ kVa/ month) and consumption cost (Rp/ kVa/ month). During the last two years, there were electricity tariff raises periodically in every three months. The highest raise rate was in industry (6-7%) and the lowest raise rate was in households and public, such as government offices (0.8-1.33%). • Electricity energy sources of DIY Province are from Java-Bali inter-provincial network produced by State Electricity Enterprise (PLN), which most are produced by Water Energy Electric Generator (PLTA). Trend • Households dominate the electricity demand. • Electricity overload in peak time hazards the operation and maintenance of electric equipment. • Increasing street lighting (PJU) made by the community, which were actually illegal. Factors • Households are the biggest market in electricity consumption. • Weak performance of public relation personnel in providing information of appropriate electricity usage, for example not to ironing clothes during the peak time (17.00-23.00) or the utilization of energy saving lamps. • The nomenclature of street lighting tax is ambiguous. The community thinks that the areas where they live should also be served by street lighting as the return of the tax they have already paid.
Type Customer
Year
KULON PROGO
GUNUNGKIDUL
BANTUL
YOGYAKARTA
SLEMAN
TOTAL
2000
45,596,207
62,338,112
137,111,716
193,960,509
117,247,420
556,253,964
Residential
2001 2002 2000
47,079,863 51,549,811 1,894,123
66,593,910 70,771,322 3,950,181
139,175,409 159,280,182 8,545,552
200,337,614 225,581,589 118,808,651
120,621,296 136,928,251 15,866,231
573,808,092 644,111,155 149,064,738
Commercial
2001
2,046,683
4,026,558
9,980,922
120,713,945
18,156,156
154,924,264
2002 2000 2001 2002
2,526,265 3,821,187 3,943,899 5,051,139
5,376,583 3,148,888 2,717,619 3,442,197
13,105,512 15,412,655 15,350,020 16,514,715
138,766,028 30,699,802 29,185,576 32,145,482
22,058,508 95,988,476 93,125,370 103,253,423
181,832,896 149,071,008 144,322,484 160,406,956
2000 2001 2002
3,590,598 3,872,173 4,564,189
3,896,877 4,323,968 5,096,064
9,782,975 10,490,946 13,386,832
61,920,611 61,571,078 71,806,521
12,446,278 13,196,295 17,404,449
91,637,339 93,454,460 112,258,055
2000
54,902,115
73,334,058
170,852,898
405,389,573
241,548,405
946,027,049
2001 56,942,618 2002 63,691,404 Source : DIY dalam angka 2000, 2001,2002
77,662,055 84,686,166
174,997,297 202,287,241
411,808,213 468,299,620
245,099,117 966,509,300 279,644,631 1,098,609,062
Industry
General
Total
Strengths • Electricity network covers all DIY community • Electricity disturbance is relatively small. Opportunity • The development of solar energy in remote rural areas.
Weaknesses • The implementation of public information campaign on electricity saving is not well designed. Threats • The electric overload during the peak hours results in the increase of operation and maintenance cost of electricity equipment, for example voltage regulator (which is often blown-up) • The increasing number of illegal street lighting connections results in the increase of operation costs.
Potentials • Optimize electricity utilization for Small-Medium-Scale Businesses.
Constraints • High demand for electric connections hampered by the costly initial investment.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Electricity 5 - 13
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Number of Telecommunication Services by Regency 2001-2002
Coverage Area of PT Telkom in DIY Province
Legend :
r r
No
Regency
STO Telkom Coverage Area
Type of Services "Kios Pon"
"Wartel"
Card Phone
Number of Telephone Connection in DIY Province By Central Capacity and Regency 1988 - 2002
Total
Coin Phone
(1) No Regency
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
1
Kulonprogo
33
90
9
14
146
1
Kulonprogo
1,720
1,920
1,920
2,600
2,600
2
Bantul
62
131
10
7
210
2
Bantul
1,288
1,624
3,876
7,252
6,424
3
Gunungkidul
43
98
4
14
159
3
Gunungkidul
4
Sleman
326
678
97
71
1,172
4
Sleman
5
Yogyakarta
992
2,286
1,056
358
4,692
5
DIY Province 2001
1,456 1,258
3,283 2,936
1,176 1,143
464 517
6,379 5,854
3,260
3,260
3,260
3,260
3,260
15,728
15,852
23,580
26,660
30,456
Yogyakarta
105,266
109,770
100,380
101,536
98,412
DIY Province
129,260
134,425
135,016
143,309
143,154
Source : DIY Dalam angka, 2002
Source : DIY Dalam angka, 2002
Basic Tariff of automat Phone Connection in DIY Province A. TARIFF FOR NEW CONNECTION Type I II III IV V
Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp
Business 450,000.00 350,000.00 300,000.00 250,000.00 175,000.00
Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp
Resident 295,000.00 250,000.00 200,000.00 140,000.00 75,000.00
Source : Telkom
B. BASE TARIFF Type I II III IV V
Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp
Business 46,100.00 38,500.00 38,500.00 30,700.00 30,700.00
Rp Rp Rp Rp Rp
Resident 26,100.00 23,000.00 23,000.00 16,500.00 16,500.00
Source : Telkom
Source : Telkom
Telecommunication in DIY Province Facts • Telephone networks have reached the urban area of DIY, sub-district capitals, industrial centers, and tourism areas. Telecommunication services are also provided by telecommunication kiosks (wartel), and telephone kiosk (Kiospon). The areas that do not have telephone networks are served by satellite networks. • GSM-based cellular phone service has been operated since 1995 and followed by CDMA-based services. Government of DIY Province has cooperated with PT Indosat to develop CDMA-based cellular service, targeting 200,000 telephone connections. • Aside from the telephone networks, Internet network also rapidly grows. The growth is indicated by increasing number of of Internet Stalls (Warung Internet or Warnet), especially in the urban area. Trend • The remote rural areas are expected not to be served by the telephone networks yet. • The supply and demand for new desk-phone lines tend to stay static. • The cellular phone services grow significantly. Factors • Telephone network service provider (Telkom) considers that the investment in cable telephone development is too expensive. It is approximately US$1,000 per line, and most are house-connections. • Various operators provide cellular phone services resulting in service competition, which in turn attracts the consumers.
Strengths • Increasing number of cellular phone operators both GSM and CDMA-based. • Increasing number of telephone consumers. Opportunities • Government-private sector cooperation in telephone service development in DIY.
Weaknesses • Blank spot areas of telecommunication service.
Potentials • Cyber-mass development in management of local development, in which inter-connected and information accessibility serve as link-match accelerator in all sectors.
Constraints • Blank-spot areas of telephone network service are still uncovered by cellular phone services due to high cost installation development (transmitter)
Threats • Increasing number of telephone consumers as new consumerism and communication pseudo demand that influence the local inflation rate.
INFRASTRUCTURE
Triple – A
Telecommunication 5 - 14
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Map
Special Province of Yogyakarta Inter-Regional/Municipal Cooperation No
Provin ce
Nu mber of Co operation
1
Central Jav a
3
2
East Java
1
3
Jam bi
3
4
South Sum atra
2
5 6 7 8
Riau South Kalim antan W est Kalim antan East Kalimantan
1 1 1 2
9 10
Central Kalim antan South Sulawesi
1 1
11
Gorontalo
1
Inte r-Municipal/Provinc ial C ooperation in D IY Field of Co operation
Cultural Tourism Dev elopm ent; Managem ent of W ater Area of ProgoOpak-Oya Rivers; Gov ernm ent, Dev elopment and Comm unity Local Dev elopment Cooperation in Industry and Trade; Education and Culture; Tourism , Agriculture, Capital Inv estment; Mining and Energy; etc. Dev elopment of Industry and T ourism, Dev elopment and Enhancem ent of Sm all-Scale Industry; Craft and Marketing; and Transmigration Organization Inter-regional Cooperation in Industrial, Trade, Cultural, Tourism , Agricultural, Manpower and Transm igration based on local needs. Transm igration Transm igration Transm igration Transm igration, Education, Tourism , Manpower, Industry and Trade Transm igration Culture, Education, Tourism and Econom y Arts and Culture, Tourism , Industry and Trade as well as Agricultural Inv estment, Science and T echnology
Cooperation between Provincial Government of DIY and Governm No
Inter-Regional Cooperation Facts • The Provincial Government of DIY conducts the coordination with the other governments that is located in and out of the Java Island. The inter-regional coordination in Java is concerned with the following sectors of river management, tourism, trades and government administration. In addition, the coordination with other governments outside Java is in some sectors such as transmigration and development matters. • There coordination with the other cities overseas has also been conducted, such as Swiss, Kyoto – Japan, Tyrol-Austria, Australia, Savannah- USA, Portugal, Czech Republic and Germany. The coordination is mostly related with culture, tourism, technology and science. • The coordination between the Provincial Government of DIY and the local governments is related with the facilitation to the inter-municipal coordination, the control of rice crop price, on-the-job traings and the promotion of tourism and culture. • The significant inter-municuipal coordination is the coordination between Yogyakarta, Sleman Regency and Bantul Regency pertaining to the the infrastructures management. This coordination is conducted under the Joint Secretariat Yogya-SlemanBantul (Sekber Kartamantul). Trend • The inter-municipal, inter-regional, and inter-national coordinations are mostly focused on cultural and educational programs. • The inter-municipal, inter-regional, and inter-national coordinations have not been assumed as part of the local development programs, but only serve as the spirit of openess. Factors • The formulation of inter-municipal or inter-regional coordination is more oriented to friendship relationship, rather than to the economic matters which require more detailed formulation and preparation. • The provincial government or the local governments ave not been ready to manage the inter-municipal, inter-regional or international coordination. This is because of the internal affairs that the government personnel have be taken care off. Therefore, the coordination issues tend to be neglected.
Agency
Number of Cooperation
1
O ffice of National Archive
1
2
BATAN (National Atom Board) BPPT (Board of Technological Assessm ent and Application) Trade and Industry Departm ent
1
3
4
Management of Dynamic Archive and Static Archive Iptek dan Teknologi Nuklir
1
Technological Research and Application for Living Environment Sector
1
Development of Small - and Medium Scale Industries in DIY Human Resources Development
Psychology 1 departm ent of TNI-AD (Indonesian Arm ed Force)
6
Departm ent of Agriculture
1
7
University of G adjah Mada
1
8
State University of Yogyakarta Departem ent of Manpower and Transm igration
1
10
Board of Training and W orking Productivity, Departm ent of Manpower and Transm igration
1
Conduct of Diklat (Training & Job Training) and Productivity Improvement of Manpower and W ork Productivity
11
TNI-AU (Indonesian 1 Air Force) Yogyakarta
Development of TNA-AU Airfield Runway in Gading, Gunungkidul Yogyakarta
1
Regency/City
Num ber of Cooperation
Field of Coo peration
1
Bantul
3
Training in W ork Force Q ualification Im prov em ent for Job Seekers; Capital Fund M anagem ent for Purc hasing Farm ers' Rice; W ater Resources M anagem ent
2
Slem an
2
Capital Fund M anagem ent for Purchasing Farm ers' Rice; W ater Resources M anagem ent
3
G unungkidul
2
Capital Fund M anagem ent for Purchasing Farm ers' Rice; W ater Resources M anagem ent
4
Kulon P rogo
2
Capital Fund M anagem ent for Purchasing Farm ers' Rice; W ater Resources M anagem ent
5
Yogyakarta
1
W ater Resources M anagem ent
C oope ra tion betwe en D IY Provinc e and O ve rse as G ove rnm e nt/In No
P ro vin ce
N um ber o f Field o f C oo peration C oop eration 1 A rts and C ulture, E ducation and S cientif ic Technology, and E ducation and Culture
1
K yo to P erfec tur e, J ap an
2
P ro vin cia l G ov ern m en t 1 o f Ism ailia , E g yp t, A ra b R ep u blic
Trade, Tourism , Technology, E ducation and Agriculture
3
C a liforn ia S tat e of USA
4
P ro vin cia l G ov ern m en t 1 o f T irol, Au s tria R ep ub lic
E conom y and Trade, Industry, Tourism , A griculture, E ducation and C ulture, E nv irom ent, and Inv estm ent E conom y and Trade, Industry, Tourism , C ulture, S cience
5
L og ist ic C o ns or tium , B erh ar d M a la ys ia
1
Logistic S ystem and D ev elopm ent in DIY Prov ince
6
S ur ug a M iya g aw a C o m p an y, J a pa n
1
7
P ro vin ce of G yeo ng a ng b uk -D o K or ea R e pu blic
1
H R D ev elopm ent, and Industry and Trade, A griculture and Inv estm ent D ev elopm ent E konom y, E ducation, C ulture and A rts, A griculture, Tourism and C raf t
8
A sia n D evelo p m en t B an k (A D B )
1
1
Field of Cooperation
5
9
No
A irport
P ublic A dm inistration R enewal
Management of Capital Strengthening Funds for Village Economic Buisiness Institution Human Resources Education, Research, Development and Empowerment Community Education, Research and Public Services in DIY Province Training in W ork Force Qualification Improvement for Job Seekers in DIY
Strengths • The personnel responsible for such coordination are available. • There are a lot of universities. • They are ready for coordination. Opportunities • Utilization of DIY human resources is in high bargaining position and more regarding the human dignity • Utilization of the coordination is a good example for coordination management. So, it will increase the dignity of DIY.
Weakness • The coordination is strong in policy level, but its application is weak.
Potentials Quality improvement and worker’s protection is the follow up of the coordination agreement. DIY becomes a a pilot action of inter-municipal, inter-regional and inter-national coordination.
Constraints • Consistency of human resources in managing the coordination • The policies are not consistently enforced.
Threat • The coordination result is not optimal and it decreases the trust of the partners. It could be the local government or other countries.
COOPERATION
Triple – A
Government 6 - 1
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta Non Government Organisation apkri • agape •bk3d •bina swadaya •bina kaum dhuafa •cri alocita •dian interfidei •dian desa •desa bina •dria manunggal •elpar •fki •format •gsk •galiya •gondho suli • girlan nusantara •humana •idea •imka •indikasi •impress •integritas •ktri •kodama •kutilang •labda shalahudin •lbh yogya •lbm •lpksm•lkis•lestari •lessan •lentera • lsps • lentera •pkbi •lekhat •lpm ukdw • lbham • lapera •labh • mukmin •madya karya bakti •pkbi •plan internatioal • pbhi • pelita kasih •patria pala •patria nusantara •persada • rifka annisa •sahaja pkbi •samin •serambi mataram • sapurata •trisna karya •tjoet nya dien •upkm cd bethesda •wana mandhira •wahana bakti •wahana insan mandiri •ykf •ypei •ypb •ysu• yasanti •yabinkas •ylki yogya •yanaterasila
Supporting Regulation for Community Participation Regulation Material •
Law No. 22, 1999
•
•
Law No.22, 1999, Article 92
•
Law No. 24, 1992
•
•
Local Regulation No. 12, 2002
•
NGO’s efforts as community facilitator at Code River Bank settlement
Government , Private Sector & community Cooperation Facts • The coordination between the government and private sector is conducted through the business associations and Indonesian Board of Chamber in DIY. The coordination is related with the information exchange about regional development and business promotion. • The coordination between municipals / local governments and the NGO’s has begun since the beginning of 1970s. The NGO forum was established in 1987 and its declared the position of NGO as the local government’s partner. There are about 70 NGOs, which are concerned with social services, small-scale economic business, appropriate applied-technology, human rights, family planning program, environmental issues and health. • Coordination with the community is intensively implemented because under the the democratic system, community participation is required. The community participation includes planning orientation of development until the regional management. • Creating the website is the actualization of the information transparency from the government. Trend • ‘Jogja Inc.’ policy cannot yet accommodate the government’s concern and the private sector’s interest in the efforts to develop DIY. • The form of government and private sector coordination is still seeked for taking into account their different interests. • The openness from the government, both provincial and local governments, cannot yet effectively attract the community to actively participate in the development process. Factors • The internal conflicts among the businessmen in DIY and the unclear explanation about the Vision and Mission of the development strategy make the ‘Jogja Inc’ programs static, just considered as a spirit, rather than action plans to be conducted. • The coordination between the government and NGOs is still blurry. The governance reform of transparency is assumed to be the responsibility of the government. • The community and NGOs do not fully trustthe government.
•
Opportunity for local government and community to develop of the local potential. Local government must include the private sector and community in the development process. Public participation on spatial planning process. Guideline to setup Village Community Institution, Group of Discussion Group Forum Neighbourhood Units and of Neighbourhood Units Association.
Internet as Media Public Document Region Website • • • • • •
DIY Province Yogyakarta Municipality Bantul Regency Sleman Regency Kulon Progo Regency Gunungkidul Regency
www.pemda-diy.go.id www.jogja.go.id www.bantul.go.id www.sleman.go.id www.kulonprogo.go.id not yet instalation
Information • • • • • • •
Law products Strategic Plan 2004-2008 Draft Local Law Local Law Government Activites and Program. Complain services Citizen Forum
Strengths • There has been a solid association of private sectors. • NGOs aready exist in DIY. • The community is ready to cooperate with the government. Opportunities • ‘Jogja Inc.’ has been established. • The participation of NGOs in DIY is just to bridge the community and the government, as a government-watch and a proof for government transparency. • Community participation in government activities.
Weaknesses • ‘Jogja Inc.’ is misinterpreted. • The Government and NGOs are mutually sceptical. • The community participation is needed only to justify the government programs. Threats • The ‘Jogja Inc.’ is only for a business entity and it creates monopoly-oligopoly of business. • Community is used as an object by the Government and NGOs for bargaining their interests.
Potentials • Open information on local development as a business competitive advantage for private sector, as well as the government and private sector to match their needs. • Conduct of training in capacity building on government and NGO coordination. • Conduct training in capacity building on government community coordination.
Constraints • Unfavorable business atmosphere as a result of inconsistent local developments. • The uniformity in local development management makes any differences be regarded as constraints.
COOPERATION
Triple – A
Government & Private Sector 6 - 2
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta
REFERENCE WEB SITE OF LOCAL GOVERMENT
22.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo : Sektor Perumahan dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
1.
Web site Propinsi Yogyakarta : www.Pemda-DIY.go.id
2.
Web Site Kota Yogyakarta : www.Jogja.go.id
3.
Web Site Kabupaten Sleman: www.Sleman.go.id
4.
Web Site Kabupaten Kulon Progo : www.Kulon Progo.go.id
5.
Web Site Kabupaten Bantul : www.Bantul.go.id
6.
Web Site Regency in Central Java Province
23.
Perumahan dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman, YUIMS, April 1999. 24. 25.
Triple-A Edisi Pertama, YUDP Triple A, Mei 2002
8.
Draft Triple-A Edisi kedua, RDPRP, Februari 2004
9.
Rencana Kerangka Tata Ruang dan Prasarana Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari Kabupaten
10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Yogyakarta: Sektor Persampahan, YUIMS, April 1999. Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Yogyakarta: Sektor Drainase, YUIMS, April 1999.
BOOKS 7.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Yogyakarta: Sektor Jalan dan Transportasi, YUIMS, April 1999.
26. YUDP REPORTS
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Yogyakarta : Sektor
27.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Yogyakarta: Sektor Air Bersih, YUIMS, April 1999.
28.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Yogyakarta: Sektor Air limbah, YUIMS, April 1999.
Gunungkidul, Pemerintah Kabupaten Gunungkidul bekerjasama dengan YUIMS, Agustus 2000.
29.
Press-ing Issues Demographic ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Rencana Kerangka Tata Ruang dan Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo Kabupaten Kulon Progo,
30.
Press-ing Issues Social ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project..
Pemerintah Kabupaten Kulon Progo bekerjasama dengan YUIMS, September 2000.
31.
Press-ing Issues Cultural ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari : Sektor
32.
Press-ing Issues Environmental ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Drainase, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
33.
Press-ing Issues Spatial ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari : Sektor
34.
Press-ing Issues Infrastructural ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Jalan dan Transportasi, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
35.
Press-ing Issues Financial ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari : Sektor Air
36.
Press-ing Issues Institutional ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Bersih, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
37.
Press-ing Issues UDMIS&GIS ( 1998 – 2000), Yogyakarta Urban Development Project.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari : Sektor Air
38.
Real Demand Study : Studi Kebutuhan Nyata, IUIDP-YUDP, 1991
limbah, YUIMS, Oktober 1999. 15. 16.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari : Sektor
STATISTIC
Perumahan dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Pemukiman, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
39.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Aglomerasi Perkotaan Wonosari : Sektor Persampahan, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
17. 18.
21.
41.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo: Sektor
Kota Yogyakarta Dalam angka, (Tahun 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001,2002), Badan Pusat Stasitistik Kota Yogyakarta.
42.
Kabupaten Gunungkdiul Dalam angka, (Tahun 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,2000,2001,2002 ) Badan Pusat Stasitistik Kabupaten Gunungkidul.
43.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo: Sektor Jalan dan Transportasi, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
Kabupaten Bantul Dalam angka, (Tahun 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000,2001, 2002), Badan Pusat Stasitistik Kabupaten Bantul.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo: Sektor Air limbah, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
20.
40.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo: Sektor Air Bersih, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
19.
Kabupaten Sleman.
Inventarisasi dan Evaluasi Kinerja Aset-Aset Prasarana di Koridor Perkotaan Kulon Progo: Sektor Drainase, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
Kabupaten Sleman Dalam Angka (Tahun 1996, 1999, 2000,2001, 2002), Badan Pusat Statisitik
Kabupaten Kulon Progo Dalam angka, (Tahun 1997, 2000,2001,2002),
Badan Pusat
Stasitistik
Kabupaten Kulon Progo. 44.
Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Dalam Angka, (Tahun 1990 - 2002), Badan Pusat Stasitistik Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Persampahan, YUIMS, Oktober 1999.
Triple-A
Reference
REGIONAL ATLAS
Main Report
Special Province of Yogyakarta 45. 46.
Propinsi Jawa Tengah Dalam Angka, (Tahun 2002), Badan Pusat Stasitistik Propinsi Daerah Istimewa
Yogyakarta, IKAPUTERA; The Course of Environtmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering ,
Yogyakarta.
OSAKA University JAPAN, 1995.
Statistik Indonesia 2001, Biro Pusat Statistik Jakarta - Indonesia
69.
Persiapan Penyusunan Materi Teknis Peraturan Daerah Desa Budaya Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta: Laporan Materi Teknis Pra Raperda, Dinas Kebudayaan Propinsi DIY dan Yayasan Warisan Budaya
LOCAL GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS 47.
Penduduk Kabupaten Sleman : Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2000, Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Daerah
Yogyakarta, 1999/2000 70.
Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2001. 48. 49.
71.
Pengkajian Potensi Pariwisata Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Dinas Pariwisata Kabupaten Kulon Progo, 2000.
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2001.
72.
Rencana Induk Pengembangan Pariwisata Daerah Kabupaten Kulon Progo , Dinas Pariwisata
Penduduk Kabupaten Bantul : Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2000, Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Daerah
Kabuapten Kulon Progo dan Pusat penelitian dan Pengembangan Pariwisata UGM Yogyakarta, 2000 73.
Penduduk Kabupaten Gunungkidul : Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2000, Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2001.
51.
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pariwisata UGM Yogyakarta, 1999
Penduduk Kabupaten Kulon Progo : Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2000, Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi
Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2001. 50.
Rencana Induk Pengembangan Pariwisata Daerah Propinsi DIY, Pusat Dinas Pariwisata Prop. DIY dan
Rencana Induk Pengembangan Pariwisata Daerah Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II, Dinas Pariwisata Kodya Dati II Yogyakarta, 1999.
74.
Penduduk Kabupaten Kota Yogyakarta : Hasil Sensus Penduduk 2000, Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi
Proyek Penyusunan Data Penunjang P3KT tahun 1992/1993 Pemerintah Daerah Tingkat II Kotamadya Yogyakarta, Bappeda Kotamadya Yogyakarta, 1992
Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2001. 52. 53.
Profil 7 Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial dan Analisa Data Keluarga Miskin tahun 1999,
MAP ALBUMS
Dinas Sosial Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2000.
75.
54.
56.
Profil Kesehatan Kabupaten, Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten
57.
Profil Pendidikan Kabupaten, Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten
58.
Neraca Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (NKLD), Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota.
59.
Neraca Kualitas Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (NKLD), Pemerintah Daerah Propinsi DIY.
60.
Rencana Strategis ( RENSTRA) Daerah, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten/Kota( Sleman, Bantul, Kulon Progo, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta)
61.
Rencana Strategis ( RENSTRA) Daerah, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Propinsi DIY.
62.
Peraturan Daerah Pembentukan Organisasi Kota Yogyakarta.
63.
Himpunan Peraturan Pemerintah, Departement Dalam Negeri Otonomi Daerah RI.
64.
Program Pembangunan Daerah, Bappeda Propinsi DIY.
65.
Penyusunan Pra Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kawasan Cagar Budaya, Dinas Kebudayaan Pemerintah Propinsi DIY & PT. Cipta Nindita Buana Yogyakarta, 2000
67. 68.
Album Peta Potensi 14 Kecamatan sebagai pusat pertumbuhan. Ekonomi Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
77.
Data Pokok Pembangunan Daerah propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta 1999/2000, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 2000
Rekapitulasi Data Monografi Kelurahan se-Kotamadya Daerah tingkat II Yogyakarta : Semester II Yogyakarta.
66.
76.
Data Kesejahteraan Sosial tahun 1999/2000, Kantor Wilayah Departement Sosial Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 1999.
55.
1999/2000, Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.
Data dan Profil 5 Penyandang Masalah Kesejahteraan Sosial Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta tahun 1999, Dinas Sosial Propinsi DIY, 2000.
Album Peta Data Pokok Pembangunan : Proyek Evaluasi dan Analisa Pembangunan Daerah TA.
78.
Data Pokok Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Sleman, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Sleman, 2000.
79.
Data Pokok
Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Gunungkidul, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan
Daerah Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Gunungkidul, 1996. 80.
Data Pokok
Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Bantul, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah
Kabupaten Bantul, 2000. 81.
Data Pokok
Pembangunan Kabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Kulon Progo, Badan Perencanaan
Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Gunungkidul, 2000. 82.
Basis Data Kota Yogyakarta, Bappeda Kota Yogyakarta, 2000
DIGITAL MAPS 83.
Album Peta Data Pokok Pembangunan Daerah Propinsi DIY, Bappeda Propinsi DIY, 1998. Peta Dasar Skala 1 : 25000, Bakosurtanal, Jakarta, 1997.
Pola Sebaran Situs-Situs Masa Klasik di Kulon Progo, Anton Nugroho; Jurusan Arkeologi Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Gajah Mada Yogyakarta, 2000
84.
Peta Photo Udara Skala 1 : 2500, Bappeda Propinsi DIY, 1997.
Studi Penggalian dan Inventarisasi Benda-Benda Budaya di Propinsi DIY : Laporan Inventarisasi dan
85.
Peta Garis Skala 1 : 2500, Bappeda Propinsi DIY, 1997
Identifikasi Benda-Benda Budaya Ta 1998/1999, Dinas Kebudayaan Pemerintah Propinsi DIY, 1998
86.
Peta Garis Skala 1 : 2500 (Inner-city), Bappeda Propinsi DIY, 1986
A Studi on the Contemporary Utilization of the Javanese Urban Heritage and Its Effect on Hiistoricity :
87.
Ledger Prasarana Air Bersih, Air Limbah, Jalan, Drainase, Yogyakarta Urban Development Project,
An Attempt to Introduce the Contextual Adaptability Into the Preservation of Historic Environtment of
Triple-A
1994-2001.
Reference
ATLASATLASATLASATLASA TLASATLASATLASATLASAT LASATLASATLASATLASATL ASATLASATLASATLASATLA SATLASATLASATLASATLAS ATLASATLASATLASATLASA TLASATLASATLASATLASAT LASATLASATLASATLASATL ASATLASATLASATLASATLA SATLASATLASATLASATLAS ATLASATLASATLASATLASA TLASATLASATLASATLASAT LASATLASATLASATLASATL ASATLASATLASATLASATLA REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAM Executing Agency:
Funding Agencies:
Consultant:
Cities Alliance
Cities Without Slums
Department of Settlements and Regional Infrastructure
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)
Cities Alliance
World Bank
Electrowatt Infra-Switzerland (EWI) jaakko poyry group
