Introduction to the German Science System Christian Jörgens, Head of Division 215 – Asia Cooperation Federal Ministry of Education and Research German Science Day in Kuala Lumpur October 16, 2013

German research system – facts and figures

• In 2011 Germany spent 2.88% of the GDP for R&D (both public and industry resources) • Total spending for R&D: 67 billion € (up from 57 billion € and 2,5% in 2004) • Business R&D ~68% of total expenditure • Budget of the ministry of education and research (BMBF): 13,7 billion € (up from 9 billion € in 2005)

S&T Output of Germany (indicated by the Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014) Rank* Capacity for innovation

3

Quality of scientific research institutions

6

Company spending on R&D

4

University-industry collaboration in R&D

9

Gov‘t procurement of advanced tech products

17

Availability of scientists and engineers

17

PCT patents, applications/million pop.

6 *of 148

Federal Government

Federal States

Industry

GWK Foundations For information

Science Council

EU

DFG 58:42

International research centres and research organizations

Institutions of higher education

HGF 90:10

e.g CERN, EMBL, ESA, ESRF, ESO, ETW, IAEA, IEA, WMO

Research laboratories of business enterprises

MPG 50:50 Länder institutions performing R&D

FhG 90:10 WGL 50:50 Federal institutions performing R&D

Institutional funding

Academies

AiF institutes Industry-related R&D institutions

Project funding by Federal Government and industry

German research system – Institutions (incl. research budget) Higher Education Institutions: 174 Universities 191 Universities of Applied Science € 9,9 billion (2010) Max Planck Society (MPG) 77 national institutes € 1.37 billion (2009) Leibniz Association (Blue List) 86 institutes € 1.2 billion (2010)

Research

Helmholtz Association of National Research Centres 17 national research centres € 2.8 billion (2010)

Research and development in companies € 43,0 billion (2009) FraunhoferGesellschaft (FhG) 59 national institutes € 1.25 billion (2009)

German Research Foundation (DFG) € 2.6 billion (2010)

German research system – success factors (Art. 5, Paragr. 3 of the Constitution: “Science, research and education are free but are bound to be loyal towards the Constitution”)

Success Factor 1: Independence of research; autonomy in the identification of research topics and methods in the area of basic research and new areas Success Factor 2: Cooperation with the business sector Success Factor 3: Openness for international cooperation

International Role of Germany in Science Published articles, reviews and conference papers (peerreviewed) from 1996–2012 of leading countries and their population size Citable documents

Citations

Population size in million

United States

6.672.301

129.540.193

314

China

2.655.272

11.253.119

1.350

United Kingdom

1.763.766

31.393.290

63

Germany

1.704.566

25.848.738

80

Japan

1.734.289

20.347.377

128

Source: SCI Imago Journal & Country Rank

International Role of Germany in Science Shanghai Ranking 2013: Highest ranks of TU Munich, University Heidelberg and LMU Munich at 50, 54 and 61, respectively, but German non-university research institutions are not included Top 4 in Shanghai Ranking (2013)

Publication entries in Scopus (2012)

Harvard University

9.757

Stanford University

9.475

University California, Berkeley

6.068

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

3.124

German Non-University Research Institutions Max Planck Society

7.889

Helmholtz

3.829

Non-university research institutions - Facts&figures

Helmholtz Association

Budget/ Billion€ € 3.8

35,672*

€ 1.7

17.000

82

€ 1.9

> 22.000

66

€ 1.5

> 17.000

86

Staff

Use-inspired basic research with strategic programmes

Max Planck Society

Centres/ Institutes 18

Pure basic research

Fraunhofer Society Industry-oriented research and development

Leibniz Association Long-term research topics

Source: GWK Monitoring Report 2013 Joint Initiative for Innovation and Research * Staff in working hours (full-time equivalent)

Max Planck Society – Organisational data  Non-profit organization under private law in the form of a registered association  Established in 1948 (successor of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society, founded 1911)  President: Professor Dr. Peter GRUSS Prof. Dr. Peter Gruss

17,000 employees, including 5,400 scientists plus approx. 13,500 Ph.D students, visiting scientists and student assistance

International share: Institutes' Directors: 30% PostDocs:89% Ph.D. Students:46%

17 Nobel Prize Laureates since 1948 32 Nobel Prize Laureates since inception in 1911 Number of Max Planck Institutes: 82, including 5 Institutes abroad Annual budget: € 1.51 billion plus additional project funding

Max Planck Society – Mission and guiding principle »Insight must precede Application« • • •

• • Max Planck, 1858 -1947 Founder of the Quantum Theory Nobel Prize 1918

•

Basic Research at cutting-edge, strictly curiosity-driven and quality oriented Autonomy, where scientists decide upon science „Harnack Principle“: Eminent scientists determine research thrust Flexible, dynamic, interdisciplinary MPIs Long-term trust systems with significant core funding for high-risk projects Quality assurance by peers

Max Planck Society – Research visions Core Areas Basic Research for Society Health

Energy

Ecology

Chemistry, Physics and Technology

Biology and Medicine Humanities and Social Sciences

     

Max Planck Institutes Max Planck Centers Research alliances International co-operations Technology transfer Global profile

The Max Planck Society takes active part in the responsibility to provide a strong sustainable knowledge base that triggers innovations for the wellbeing of society

Research (Visions) Perspectives Catalysis frontier Biological materials science Light and matter Control of quantum many-body correlations Complex systems Carbon cycle in the earth system Sustainable energy supply Protein folding Modern psychiatry Ageing and ageing-related disease Optogenetics Perception, learning and memory Patterns and maintenance of biodiversity Self-organization in biology Legal order in a global world Institutional regulation of the economy Diversity, social interaction and solidarity Language and genetics Globalization of knowledge

Max Planck Society – International collaborations (selection)

• • • •

6953 International junior & guest scientists 4,222 international projects 5,570 international research partners 124 countries

Example: MPG-Cooperation with India - 638 visiting scientists from India (in 2012) - 45 Projects (in 2012) 33 Chemistry, Physics and Technology Section 6 Biology and Medicine Section 6 Human Sciences Section

- 17 active Max Planck Partner Groups (PG) (PG can be established with an Indian institute when a young scientist - after a minimum stay of 12 months at a Max Planck Institute – returns to India; 3 + 2 years programme)

- 13 active Max Planck India Mobility Grant (travel grant for Indian scientists to visit a MPI for a minimum of 1 month per year; 4 years programme)

- 2 Max Planck Centers Indo-German Max Planck Center for Computer Science (IMPECS) at the IIT Delhi Indo-German Max Planck-NCBS Center for Research on Lipids am National Center for Biological Sciences in Bangalore

Helmholtz - Mission  Strategic research for grand challenges with cutting-edge research  Think big, act big: Developing and operating complex infrastructure and large-scale facilities for the national and international scientific community  Creating wealth for society and industry through transfer of knowledge and technology

Helmholtz – Research fields CUTTING-EDGE SCIENCE IN NETWORKS The Six Research Fields

Energy Earth & Environment Health

Aeronautics, Space and Transport Key Technologies Structure of Matter

Helmholtz Centres in Germany               

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY German Cancer Research Center German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases German Aerospace Center Forschungszentrum Jülich Karlsruhe Institute of Technology GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Centre for Materials and Coastal Research Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health  Helmholtz Centre Potsdam GFZ, German Research Centre for Geosciences  Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Berlin-Buch  Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (associated)

Helmholtz – International cooperation

 Helmholtz Joint and International Research Groups  Helmholtz International Fellow Award  Liaison offices in Brussels, Moscow, Beijing  Bilateral partnerships around the world  7,400 visiting scientists per year at Helmholtz Centres  Access to giant research equipment for visiting scientists

Helmholtz – Research in Southeast Asia BMBF-Research programmes in Indonesia with HGF-Centers as lead organisation KIT-Karlsruhe -

Development of a sustainable water and energy supply systems in Karst regions

Deutsches GeoforschungsZentrum Potsdam -

Exploration of geothermal energy

-

Development of an Tsunami Early Warning system for the Indian Ocean

Leibniz at a glance •

86 medium-sized research institutes

•

17,000 employees; 7,900 researchers

•

Total budget of 1.5 billion EUR

•

17 research infrastructure institutes (specialist libraries and information centres, crystal production, primate breeding centre, etc.)

•

8 research museums (natural history, archaeology, mining, history, technology)

Leibniz – Locations and research areas Section A (16) Humanities and Educational Research Section B (17) Economics, Social and Spatial Sciences Section C (24) Life Sciences Section D (20) Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Engineering Section E (9) Environmental Research

Leibniz – Mission •

Basic and applied research

•

Interdisciplinary research: across and beyond individual institutes

•

Knowledge and technology transfer, policy advice

•

Research infrastructure, particularly research museums in different disciplines and services, for example, Germany’s three national libraries belong to Leibniz

Leibniz – Research museums • Mining Museum, Bochum • Deutsches Museum, Munich • Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum, Bremerhaven • Germanisches Nationalmuseum, Nuremberg • Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin • Research Museum for Archeology, Mainz • Senckenberg Naturmuseen, Frankfurt a. M., Görlitz und Dresden • Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn

Leibniz – International partnerships

•

Approximately 4,500 collaborative projects in 111 countries

•

Leibniz researchers come from 103 different countries

•

International research stations all over the world

•

Leibniz Graduate Schools for the promotion of international young researchers

•

Leibniz-DAAD Research Fellowships

•

Cooperation with Malaysia in game biology (conservation of Sabah rhino, etc.), agricultural engineering (with UPM) and library services (with UiTM)

German Research Foundation (DFG) Member institutions include  German universities (69)  non-university research institutions (16)  German academies of sciences and humanities (8)  scientific associations (3) List of members: www.dfg.de/dfg_im_profil/struktur/gremien/mitgliederversammlung/mitglieder.html

The DFG is funded by *  German federal government (ca. 67 %)  German federal states (ca. 32.7 %)  Private sources (ca. 0.3 %) The DFG’s 2012 budget totalled ca. €2.54 billion.

* Figures refer to revenues in 2012

DFG Structure General Assembly 

establishes directives



approves annual report and account

Senate

approbates the Executive Committee

Executive Committee

addresses research strategy and policy issues



Joint Committee

responsible for managing day-to-day business 

provides policy advice  coordinates domestic and foreign cooperation 







assess

decides on research funding

plans research policies and programmes based on Senate decisions  draws up the annual budget

Executive Board

the DFG’s review process

President

as per § 26 BGB

Secretary General

Head Office



handles day-to-day business

Reviewers



cooperate



determines structure of review boards

Review Boards

elect, select, appoint

assess funding proposals

All eligible scientists and academics

ensure quality

DFG – Funding interdisciplinary research     

Collaborative Research Centres and CRC/Transregios DFG Research Centres Research Training Groups and International Research Training Groups Priority Programmes Research Units and Clinical Research Units

Coordinated programmes are national, international and/or interdisciplinary. They provide opportunities for cooperation with other universities and non-university research institutions (e.g. partners in industry) and bundle expertise at a universitiy or several university locations.

DFG – International training research groups •

•

•

•

Purpose To provide structured doctoral training under ideal conditions using well-established mentoring and qualification strategies in an international environment Eligibility Research universities together with their foreign partner universities Duration Up to 9 years, with each funding period lasting 4.5 years Particular features Complementary funding through the foreign partner organisation

Thank you very much for your kind attention! Christian Jörgens Head of Division, Asia Cooperation Federal Ministry of Education and Research [email protected]