Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto (Tukes) 19.11.2014

Integrated Pest Management in Finland Pauliina Laitinen Senior Adviser Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency

Contents 1. Integrated Pest Management IPM 2. How to implement IPM in Finland 1.

Training and certification

2.

IPM information

3.

Advisory services

3. IPM research 4. Control of IPM? 5. Plant protection in forestry

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1 Integrated Pest Management IPM

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Short reasoning and definition of IPM • Plant protection products (PPPs) are toxic • The health and environmental risks need to be tackled • EU: IPM is a solution to reduce the risks – – – – – – –

Planning and prevention Monitoring of pests Making control decision, using control thresholds Control by non-chemical means Target-specific use of PPPs Minimizing use of pesticides, prevent resistance Follow-up of control results Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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IPM in Finnish legislation • Law on plant protection products 1563/2011: All professional users of PPPs are obliged to follow general principles if integrated pest management after 1.1.2014 • Ministry of Agriculture anf Forestry laid down a decree on general principles of IPM – Following the EU directive on sustainable use of pesticides 128/2009/EC

• IPM is included in the National Aaction Plan on the Sustainable Use of Plant Protection Products

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Commitment to use general principles of IPM, but… • By definition,IPM is an extensive plant protection system • IPM is without clear boundaries • On-site IPM – many factors influencing control decision  Our solution is to implement IPM by training, advise, research and joint innovation – – – –

IPM is included in the training and certification system IPM is in the Farm Advisory System FAS 2015-2020 Research projects on IPM IPM in animated audio materials at Tukes website, autumn 2014

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Joint innovation

Advice PPP professional user

Training

Research

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2.1 Implementation of IPM Training and certification

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Training and certification - legislation • History • Training – Training must be available for professional users of PPPs – National decree: training programme – Training is not obligatory  no time limits

• Certification – – – –

All professional users holding a certificate after 26.11.2015 Certificate renewal every 5 years Exam with multiple-choice questions Training helps to pass the exam

• Customization eg. farmers, forestry, retailers…

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Training programme • Training programme covers issues related to plant protection – – – – – – –

Legislation Recognition and management of hazards and risks Safe use of PPPs Integrated Pest Management IPM, methods Sprayers – safe use and service Obligatory notes of use Identifying illegal and counterfeit products and risks related to them

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Responsibilities: Tukes • Tukes is responsible for the training and certification system. Tukes: – Authorizes, trains and supervises the training and certification providers – Sets rules to the exam – Sets a databank of questions for the exam – Gives a model certificate – Keeps a register of training and certification providers and certified professional users of PPPs – Shares information related to trainings and certification

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Responsibilities: Training and certification providers • Private persons, advisors, teachers, industry,… • Organises the customized trainings and exams to professional user groups, eg: – Farmers, gardeners, greenkeepers, forestry, distributors,…

• Selects 10-20 questions from the databank – Relevant questions according to the customization

• Gives a certificate after a passed exam • Keeps exams for 5 years – Enables control

• Delivers data of the certified professional users to the Tukes register Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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Current situation • Tukes has organized 6 trainings to training and certification providers – 1 in PPP forestry use (spring 2013) – 5 in other PPP uses (autumn 2013 – winter 2014)

• Tukes has authorized: – 134 training providers – 129 certification providers

• Register of certified professional users: – Over 1200 certificates already – The first ones dated on 19th June 2013 Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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Control of training and certification • Control is under development: – Tukes coordinates – Regional Centres for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (ELY centres) will control the trainings and exams

• Benchmarking the control of training on plant protection, which is a part of the current terms of the Agri-Environmental Measures (RDP)

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2.2 Implementation of IPM - Information

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IPM information • • • • •

IPM in the training and exam IPM in the advisory services Dissemination of IPM research results IPM-portal under development Web-based interactive training material is coming to the Tukes website, including IPM • Seminars, agricultural exhibitions etc.

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2.3 Implementation of IPM - Advisory services

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Farm Advisory Services FAS and IPM, Jordbruksrådgivning Neuvo 2020 • Agency for Rural Affairs (Mavi) authorises farming advisors, part of Rural Development Programme • Sectors of advisory services 2015 – 2020 – – – – – – –

Environment Production animals Production animals, health care plans Plant protection, food and feed hygiene on crop production farms Energy Organic farming - animal husbandry Organic farming - crop production

• Financial support up to 3500 € / 5 years • Training of advisors in December 2014

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Farm Advisory Services - structure • FAS advisors are workers or private persons • ProAgria is the biggest, partly state funded organisation The Association of ProAgria Centres

11 Regional ProAgria Centres + 3 Swedish + Åland

Other units

A few FAS plant protection advisors / centre Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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IPM advisory services - practice • Eino Heinola – Field crop cultivation – Training of advisors and farmers – Advise on field visits – Communications • [email protected]

• Juha Sohlo – Planning, cultivation and IPM, plant protection – Advise on field visits – Sprayer testing – Training of farmers • [email protected]

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How are advisory services organized? • 2 tutor specialists, who share information within the organization – New products, product withdrawals, changes in use restrictions etc.

• Tutors are trained and actively learning – E.g. trainings, visits to other countries, seminars

• Weekly web-meetings (WebEx) during growing season – People outside organisation attending, e.g. PPP and fertilizer sales, research – Sharing topical news

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Farm Advisory Services – possibilities 1/2 • Advice (FAS) on plant protection is now broader than before – Includes e.g. safe use of PPPs, environmental use restrictions and IPM – Not only Cross Compliance (tvärvillkor), as it used to be

• Need for advice – big changes in plant protection sector – New buffer zones along waterways – Integrated Pest Management

• More advisors announced

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Farm Advisory Services – possibilities 2/2 • Intensifies plant protection advisory services • More support and time – Financial support directly to the advisor, no need to invoice the farmer

• New system allows group advising and field visits – Broadens services provided for the farmers – Allows education and specialisation of advisors for field visits

• Conclusion: farmers will use more advisory services on plant protection Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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Advisory services – what is IPM advise? 1/2 • Planning according to pest & crop history – PPPs according to need, list of products to be purchased, control plan for problematic weeds, purchasing PPPs in advance

• Prevention – Crop rotation, variety choice, tilling method, non-chemical control methods

• PPP related issues – Use restrictions (e.g. surface and ground water protection), nozzle selection close to waterways, water amount, correct timing (growth stages), tank mixtures, PPP amount according to need

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Advisory services – what is IPM advise? 2/2 • Preventing resistance – Alternating PPP mode of actions, non-chemical methods

• Growing season – Actions based on follow-up of crops, pest forecasts and weather, control thresholds

• Follow-up - success and failures  notes & problems to fix next year

+ User safety issues, storage

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How much IPM advice has been used? • Almost all of the cultivation plans are attached with a plant protection plan – A small part of the farmers have been asking for a visit during growing season

• E-mail advice during growing season – topical issues every 1-2 weeks • Planning, e-mail service and phone calls form the biggest part of advisory services – No time to visit all the farms

• 2-3 field days with local farmers – Plant protection and other topical issues Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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IPM advisers: problems encountered 1/2 • Farmers buy plant protection products already in January-February – not necessary products according to the plant protection plan • Retailers tend just to sell products – not according to the plan, which then ruins the benefits of planning • Not enough monitoring… – Adjusting plans according to the findings, weather conditions, timing, products

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IPM advisers: problems encountered 2/2 • Use restrictions on ground water zones causes problems for some crops – E.g. oilseed crops, potato, caraway, root vegetables, cabbages. – Cultivated on loose soil types, which tend to be on ground water areas – Weed control almost impossible, only one expensive and not so effective product allowed to use every second year – Crop rotation and mechanical control instead

• Hard to reach the farmers who most of all need advice

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Greetings from Sweden…? • • • • •

Buffer zones along waterways? What kind of other environmental use restrictions? Adjustment of dosing – full dose, half dose? What kind of pest forecasts are available? Are the advisory methods used similar, how do they differ? What kind of supporting (IT) systems do you have? • How actively are commercial actors advising? Which one advises more: advisory services or commercial actors? Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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3 IPM research

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Research activities • IPM research is mentioned in the Finnish National Action Plan NAP – Resistance breeding, crop and sector specific guidelines, biological control, favoring natural enemies – Not very clear goals – Tukes, MTT Agrifood Research Finland and advisory services

• IPM-portal under development – Adaptable interactive plant protection platform to all PPP users – Demo version for barley and strawberry – Consortium is applying for funding

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Research projects at MTT Agrifood Research Finland • Three IPM projects finalized 2013-2014, crop or sector specific IPM guidelines produced for – 3 cereals – 9 field vegetables – 11 horticulture in the open  Started to analyze research needs and existing IPM data

• C-IPM EraNet project 2014-2016 – National and EU-wide IPM research strategy – 21 countries, 32 organisations www.c-ipm.org

2015: MTT under Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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4 Control of IPM?

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How to control IPM? • Integrated Pest Management – Means careful consideration of all available plant protection methods and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of populations of harmful organisms – Keep the use of plant protection products and other forms of intervention to levels that are economically and ecologically justified – Reduce or minimise risks to human health and the environment – Emphasises the growth of a healthy crop with the least possible disruption to agro-ecosystems and encourages natural pest control mechanisms

• IPM is site-specific, dependent on farm size, machinery, weather, farmer’s knowledge, market, pricing, quality and quantity expectations,… Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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Control of IPM • Because IPM is ambiguous, it is not easy to control • Control of IPM – no decision nor methods to control so far, depends on cross compliance • Discussions with stakeholders: – – – – –

Tukes MMM Ministry of Agriculture anf Forestry Inspectors from the regional ELY centres Advisors Farmers Association

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5. Plant protection in forestry

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Plant protection in forestry 1. Plant protection in forest nurseries 2. Only few products are allowed and used in forestry – Stump treatment with urea or biological preparate (Rotstop), areas to be treated are defined and treatment coverage is controlled by Metsäkeskus, – Occasionally grass weed control on spruce plantings (glyphosate) – Mechanical vegetation control is common – Products are used every 80th year / area Talking about IPM in forestry?

• Certificate is obligatory for all professional users Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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Certification in forestry • Customized trainings and certificates for – Harvester driver and other forestry use – Forest nurseries

• Training for harvester drivers is short and exam is only with 10 questions – IPM excluded – Product range is narrow – Joint training with occupational safety trainings

• Training for forest nurseries is longer, exam with 20 questions Turvallisuus- ja kemikaalivirasto

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Forestry: information available • Forest nurseries – Integrated disease management on forest nurseries -guideline (in Finnish)

• Stump treatment guidelines (stubbehandling) – http://www.metsateho.fi/files/metsateho/Opas/Bekampning_av _rotrota_med_stubbehandling.pdf

• MetInfo – pests in forestry – http://www.metla.fi/metinfo/metsienterveys/opas/tuhonaiheut tajaluettelo-se.htm (in Finnish)

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Conclusions • Integrated pest management is implemented by – – – –

Training and certification Advisory services Research IPM information, joint innovation

• No control methods for IPM so far • Certificates are adjusted in forestry, where plant protection is not so intensive

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Thank You! [email protected]

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• Lagen om växtskyddsmedel och förordningar – http://www.finlex.fi/sv/laki/ajantasa/2011/20111563 – http://www.finlex.fi/data/normit/39161-12007sv.pdf (IPM) – http://www.finlex.fi/data/normit/39160-12006sv.pdf (utbildningsprogrammet)

• Nationellt handlingsprogram NAP – http://www.mmm.fi/attachments/mmm/julkaisut/tyoryhmamuistiot/n ewfolder_25/647Y31jwI/Trm2011_4_SV.pdf

• Undervisningsmaterialet – www.tukes.fi/vaxtskydd

• Annat – www.tukes.fi/vattendragsbegransning – www.tukes.fi/vaxtskyddsutbildare

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