Indonesian Urban Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructures Development :
Consist of
Strategy and Implementation Scenario
Beppu City, Japan. November 30th – December 1st 2007 EAST ASIA MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE ON SANITATION AND HYGIENE 2007
Sanitation Challenge in Indonesia Sanitation National Action Plan, Draft of Strategy and Urban Sanitation Facilities Infrastructures Implementation Scenario. Community Based Urban Sanitation Development. Rounding up and Rehabilitation of Urban Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructures.
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OPEN DEFECATIO N before Community Based Sanitation implemented
Population of 236.4m, 43% Urban and 57% Rural ( 2007) Consist of more than 17,500 Islands which Total Area is more than than 5000 Km2 GDP per capita US$3,843 (UNDP, 2007/8) 45.2% (105.3M) populations are poor and vulnerable poor (World Bank 2007) Human Development Index ranks : 107 of 177 countries (UNDP 2007/8) 2007/8)
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EXISTING CONDITION (INDONESIA SANITATION PROFILE – 2000)
EXISTING CONDITION (*)
People served 1,36 % MUNICIPAL SEWERAGE AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (IPAL) SEPTAGE TREATMENT PLANT (IPLT) MAYORITY NOT WELL OPERATED
(PEOPLE ACCES TO WASTEWATER INFRASTUCTURES AND FACILITIES) UNDETECT (25,98%)
ACCESS TO NATIONAL WASTEWATER INFRASTRUCTURE (100%)
UNTREATMENT (8,16%) URBAN (37,53%)
OFF-SITE (1,36%)
RURAL (36,50%)
POPULATION served is about 51 % and in Urban area Is about 30 % of total urban pop. 5,6 Million TON/DAY UNTREATMENT WASTEWATER, INFILTRATE TO ENVIROMENT
INFILTRATE TO THE GROUND Sumber : Wastewater Sanitation (NAP) 2002
13.000 CHILD/DAY DIED (WHO REPORT-2002)
ON-SITE (28,10%)
ON-SITE (21,96%) UNTREATMENT(14,54%)
The weak of controlled design and worse maintenance can cause malfunction of on-site system, e.g. septic tank sludge is not disludged regularly or unproper design of septic tanks cause ground pollution
OFF-SITE (0%) NOTE: PEOPLE RATIO BETWEEN URBAN WITH RURAL, SOURCES OF BPS 2000 IS 43% :58% (*) CONDITION IN 2000 Sumber : Wastewater Sanitation (NAP) 2002
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Impediments For Possessing Suitable Sanitation Facilities
Internal factors:
The Challenge
Unsufficient understanding regarding the importance of good sanitation condition and its impact to their health and living environment. Unsufficient of Hygiene Understanding and Good Health Behavior. Limited income of communities, in everage. everage.
External factors:
Lack of stakeholders awareness which leads to less prioritized sanitation facilities and development Sanitation is still perceived as private concern domain only. Gender issues: unbalance/ domination of decision making process in her families
Authority: Weak integration of government bodies responsibility for sanitation facilities and infrastructures development, at central and local government is going to cause field implementation overlapping. Financial: Limited budget allocation at central and local government and low priority of sanitation public infrastructures development at local government. Technical: Limited publication and education of technical guidance also regulations and weakness of law enforcement . Social: Urban population growth is faster than sanitation facilities and infrastructures development.
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TARGET OF MDG’ MDG’S AND 5TH YEARS PLAN INDONESIA
EXISTING CONDITION OF URBAN SANITATION FACILITIES IN INDONESIA
(BPS 1992- 2006, SUSENAS)
Target of 20052009 : No Open Defecations Target of
100
BEGINNING OF 2005
2006
(Statictical Year Book of Indonesia, BPS 2004)
90
(Statictical Year Book of Indonesia, BPS 2005- 2006)
Open Defecation
80
Open Defecation
22.08
70
19.96
OTHERS
MDG’s 74,84 %
60 OTHERS
5.25
COMMUNAL 11.05 FACILITIES
50
6.17 PUBLIC
PUBLIC UTILITIES
UTILITIES
HOUSE HOLD FACILITIES
61.62
COMMUNAL 13.59 FACILITIES
HOUSE HOLD FACILITIES
60.29
40
Total
MDG’s
30
Rural
RPJMN 2005-2009
20
Urban
10 PUBLIC WORKS ROAD MAP 2004 : Total POPULATION : 210.89 juta URBAN POPUATION : 84.78 juta
Potdes DATA BPS 2006 : Total POPULATION : 216.62 juta URBAN POPULATION : 88.68 juta
0 Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn Thn 1992 1993 1994 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015
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VISION Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures to achieve a live-able, safely, healthy and sustainable human settlements for better quality of community health and environment conservation.
GENERAL POLICY OF ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURES DEVELOPMENT
MISION • Develop environmental sanitation (waste water, solid waste & drainage) infrastructures services for urban and rural to improve community health quality. • Develop and promote environmental sanitation infrastructures (waste water, solid waste and drainage) to protect environment from domestic sources of pollution. •Strengthen institutional capacities and community to address the environmental sanitation development more efficient and effective. • Establish law and regulation including standard, manual and guidelines to support regional/local regulation for better environmental management. • Develop financing approaches for funding environmental sanitation improvement. • Increase community involvement in development process through community participation improvement.
• Government ( central also local) position as facilitator and supported by regulations. • Development of environmental sanitation infrastructures is based on the National Policy of community health improvement and environment protection. • Supporting of community and private (and other stakeholders) participation for sustainability development . • Strengthening of regulations including development of norms, standard, guidelines, manual and technical operation procedures, and supporting of its law enforcement .
• Create private and other stakeholders participation to support implementation.
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PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES
Facts and Figures of Indonesia Sanitation Toilet Ownership in Indonesia (2007) Public toilet , 6.05%
No toilet , 19.67%
• Pro poor orientation in the environmental sanitation infrastructures development. • Pro community health improvement and environment protection/ conservation. • Community based development approaches for all of the step of environmental sanitation infrastructures development and management. • Demand responsive approaches for city wide environmental sanitation infrastructures development.
Shared toilet , 13.90%
Private/ family toilet , 60.38%
Domestic Dark/ Waste Water Disposal
Open Ponds, 5.29% Septic Tank, 40.67%
Others, 7.55% Rivers/ Lake, 17.82%
Simple Holes, 28.67%
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POLICY AND STRATEGY 1.
INCREASING THE ACCESS. Accessibility to sanitation facilities (on(on-site and offoff-site sanitation disposal systems) in urban (both) and rural (on site only) areas have to be increased, including its management quality. 1.a. Increasing the coverage of wastewater services managed by BUMD and/or Dinas 1.b. Increasing the coverage services managed by community 1.c. Improving wastewater performance management of BUMD and others wastewater institution/agency
POLICY AND STRATEGY 2. FUNDING INNOVATION. INNOVATION. Enhance the investment and financial capacity of municipal wastewater infrastructures development and management or services through cost recovery approaches, with or without initial investment or subsidize. subsidize. 2.a. Creating and promoting the alternative financial resources 2.b. Encouraging fund allocation improvement of wastewater management by local government (priority improvement) 2.c. Financial improvement through enhancing private partnership 2.d. Enhancing community participation in financing wastewater management
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POLICY AND STRATEGY 3. COMMUNITY AND PRIVATE PARTICIPATION. Improve the quality of services with community and private active participation/involvement. participation/involvement. 3.a. Encouraging the community awareness of clean and healthy living 3.b. Increasing the community participation for development and operation/maintenance of wastewater facilities 3.c. Improving private and community involvement for development and wastewater management
POLICY AND STRATEGY 4. INSTITUTION DEVELOPMENT. Improve the performance of institutional management and support separation between regulator and operator bodies. 4.a. Enhancing the coordination and cooperation interinter-sectors and interinter-regions/cities 4.b. Facilitating wastewater management improvement particularly for local government 4.c. Facilitating human resources management improvement through training and education
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POLICY AND STRATEGY 5. LAW AND REGULATIONS DEVELOPMENT. Strengthening and enforcement of law; Development of rules and regulations.
MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER Approach
Community Based
City Wide
Level
Neighborhood Wastewater infrastructure services based on demand responsive Adequate Sanitation: 1. Rural 2. Slum/shanties area
5.a. Improving rules and regulations including Norms, Standards, Guidelines and Manuals. 5.b. Developing national forum to support better wastewater management implementation
Institutional Based
Develop appropriate system of On- Site sanitation and Small Scale Community Sewerage System
Metropolitan Metropolitan & & Large Large Cities Cities Off Off site/sewerage site/sewerage system system Medium Medium & & Small Small Cities Cities ¾ ¾ Integrated Integrated system system of of existing existing on-site on-site and new off-site and new off-site sanitation sanitation ¾ ¾ Improve Improve Septage Septage Treatment Treatment Plant Plant (IPLT) (IPLT) and and sludge sludge services services Old Old City City Shallow/small Shallow/small bore bore sewer sewer or or small small scale scale sewerage sewerage integrated integrated to to municipal municipal sewage sewage system system to to support support revitalization revitalization program program for for old old cities. cities.
Regional/National
Wastewater infrastructures development support inter cities/region coordination to protect watershed from human waste pollution
PROKASIH PROKASIH or or similar similarprogram program
New New Town Town ¾ ¾ Develop Develop small small sewage sewage system system for for Low Low Cost Cost Housing Housing area area ¾ Encourage sewerage development ¾ Encourage sewerage development for for new new town town through through private private investment investment
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COMMUNAL SEPTIC TANKS
DRAINAGE CHANNEL
Communal Shallow Sewers in Denpasar, Bali COMMUNAL SHALLOW SEWERS FOR 100 FAMILIES
COMMUNAL BATH-WASHTOILET Plus ++
3 models of URBAN COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION
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PILOT LOCATIONS COMMUNAL BATHWASH-TOILETS ++ IN THE CITY OF KEDIRI
COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION (SANIMAS) 2006 LOCATION
Departemen of Public Work Directorate General of Human Setlement
COMMUNITY BASED SANITATION PROGRAM “SANIMAS” FISCAL YEAR 2006
1
3 9
12 2 3
10
2 1
4
6
5 5
4
6 7
11
10
8 9
7 8 WASECO
BORDA 1
4
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PROV. SUMATERA UTARA Total Location 4 Sibolga, Medan
PROV. JAWA BARAT Total Location 1 Sukabumi
PROV. DI YOGYAKARTA Total Location 1 Gunung Kidul
2
COMMUNAL SHALLOW SEWERS IN BLITAR/PASURUAN
PROV. SUMATERA BARAT Total Location 4 Dharmasraya, Bukit Tinggi Payakumbuh, Solok
3 PROV. RIAU Total Location 4 Siak, Pelalawan
5 PROV. BANTEN Total Location 1 Tangerang
6 PROV. JAWA TENGAH Total Location 6 Salatiga, Magelang Surakarta, Semarang Pekalongan, Tegal
8 PROV. JAWA TIMUR Total Location 17 Sumenep, Pamekasan, Bangkalan Mojokerto, Sidoarjo, Nganjuk Kediri, Magetan, Blitar, Blitar (Kab), Malang (Kab) Lumajang, Pasuruan, Jombang, Bondowoso
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12
PROV. BALI Total Location 2 Buleleng Denpasar
PROV. GORONTALO Total Location 6 Gorontalo (Kota) Gorontalo (Kab) Bone Bolango Boalemo Pohuwati
10 PROV. KALIMANTAN TIMUR Total Location 4 Balikpapan Bontang
11 PROV. SELAWESI SELATAN Total Location 2 Jeneponto Enrekang
1
4
7
PROV. SUMATERA SELATAN Total Location 3 Kota Palembang
PROV. BENGKULU Total Location 2 Kab. Muko - Muko
PROV. NTB Total Location 4 Kota Mataram
2
5
8
PROV. BANGKA BELITUNG Total Location 3 Kab. Bangka Kota Pangkal Pinang Kab. Sungai Liat
PROV. LAMPUNG Total Location 1 Kota Bandar Lampung
PROV. NTT Total Location 2 Kota Kupang Kab. Sika
3
PROV. KALIMANTAN SELATAN Total Location 4 Kota Banjarmasin
PROV. JAMBI Total Location 4 Kab. Kerinci Kab. Muara Tebo
6
10 PROV. SULAWESI TENGGARA Total Location 4 Kota Kendari Kota Bau - Bau
9 PROV. SULAWESI UTARA Total Location 2 Kota Bitung
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BALI ISLAND
DENPASAR
SEMINYAK
LEGIAN
SANUR
SE RA NG AN IS LA ND
KUTA BEACH
KUTA
DENPASARDENPASARSANURSANURKUTAKUTALEGIANLEGIANSEMINYAK (DSDP), AERATED LAGOON
SANUR BEACH
LEGEND SEWER PIPE FORCE MAIN BOUNDARY OF SEWERAGE SERVICE AREA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT PUMPING STATION Phase I : On-going Area
BENOA BAY
Phase II : Urgent Area In JICA M/P Phase II Area in JICA M/P Phase III : Future Expansion Area
DSDP (Denpasar Sewerage Development Project)
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AERATED PONDS OF THE YOGYAKARTA URBAN AREA
OXIDATION PONDS OF CIREBON CITY, WEST JAVA
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