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Acis and Galatea, 128, 130 Addison, Joseph, 17, 33, 117 Cato, 24, 28–30, 31, 39, 165, 213, 224 Admeto, 13, 87, 239 Adriano in Siria, 162, 163, 219, 240 Albemarle, Anne, Countess of, 124 Albion and Albanius, 15, 19 Alcina, 39, 52–3, 165 Alessandro, 13, 92, 109, 243 Alessandro Severo, 82, 247 Alexander Severus, 245 allegory criteria for, 48–51 eighteenth-century approaches to, 37–42, 98–104 Alliance of Hanover, 106 Amelia, Princess, 110, 127 Ammirato, Scipio Discorsi sopra Cornelio Tacito, 212 Angelica e Medoro, 247 Anne, Princess, 76, 127, 128, 152, 154, 156, 162, 168–71 Anne, Queen, 9, 20, 32, 33, 36, 84, 85 Antioco, 233 Apollo and Daphne, 51 application, reader, 31, 35, 46–7, 55, 91 Aquilio Consolo, 215, 219 Arbace, 228 Ariane, ou le mariage de Bacchus, 15, 19 Arianna in Creta, 168–70 Arianna in Nasso, 151, 158, 166, 168–70 Ariodante, 165 Ariosti, Attilio, 63, 79 Ariosto, Ludovico Orlando furioso, 38, 53 Aristotle, 213 Arminio, 203–5, 219, 221 Arminius, 201 Arnall, William, 132, 146 ars historica, 211–14, 237, 246 Arsace, 216 Arsinoe, 20, 233 Art of Railing at Great Men, The, 98

Artaserse, 232, 243 Artaxerxes, 44 Aspden, Suzanne, 165, 169–70 Astarto, 216, 233, 240 Astianatte, 87, 110, 113 Aston, Walter Restauration of King Charles II, The, 182 Atalanta, 165, 172 Atterbury Plot, 67–8, 72, 78, 94, 135 Atterbury, Francis, Bishop, 43–4, 67–8, 72–4 English Advice, to the Freeholders of England, 57 Augusta, Princess, 154, 160, 164, 167, 200 Augustine, Saint, 241 Avidius Cassius, 245 Ayres, Philip, 246 Bacon, Francis, 213 Barnard, John, 183 Barry, Edward, 43–4, 246 Belloni letter, the, 130–2, 134, 148 Bernardi, Francesco, see Senesino Bianconi, Lorenzo, 17–18, 20, 65 Bingley, Robert Benson, Lord, 72, 74, 93 Blackmore, Richard, 12, 38, 40, 48, 99 Blanning, T. C. W., 14 Bodin, Jean, 212, 234, 236 Bolingbroke, Henry St. John, Viscount, 28–30, 34, 57, 58, 84, 94–5, 99, 107–8, 128–9, 133, 139–40, 142, 144, 148–9, 161, 167, 180, 181, 192, 200 Idea of a Patriot King, The, 180, 200 on effects of opera, 107–8 Bononcini, Giovanni, 51, 53, 62, 63, 65, 70, 129 Cantate e duetti, 74 Pastoral Entertainment, 130, 148 persecuted as Jacobite, 72–9 Bordoni, Faustina, see Faustina Botero, Giovanni, 211 Bristol, Elizabeth Hervey, Countess of, 29, 77, 78 Bristol, John Hervey, Earl of, 76 British Enchanters, The, 16, 19

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Brooke, Henry Gustavus Vasa, 196–8 ministry attacks on, 198 Broschi, Carlo, see Farinelli Brutus of Alba or, Augusta’s Triumph 16 Bucholz, Robert, 19 Buckingham, Catherine Sedley, Duchess of, 74, 76 Buckworth, John, 165 Burlington, Dorothy, Countess of, 112 Burlington, Richard Boyle, Earl of, 10, 64, 112, 160 Burney, Charles, 69, 128, 153, 165 Byrom, John, 71 C — and Country. A Play of Seven Acts, 102 Caio Fabbricio, 215, 217, 219 Cajo Marzio Coriolano, 218 Calfurnia, 219, 220–1 Calypso and Telemachus, 39 Camilla, 20, 51, 53–5, 109, 233, 246 Carestini, Giovanni, 151 Caroline, Princess, 110, 162 Caroline, Queen, 76, 110, 112, 139, 147, 156, 168, 191, 196 Carteret, William, 94, 161 Cato of Utica, 28, 216 Cato’s Letters, 106, 226 Catone, 82, 216, 235, 238 Chandos, James Brydges, Duke of, 128, 158 Charitable Corporation, 130–2 Charles II, 15–16, 19 Charles Rollin Ancient History, 43 Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of, 145–6, 153, 183, 187 Chisholm, Duncan, 35, 36 Cibber, Colley, 25, 28, 29, 47, 116, 176, 185, 274 Cicero, 211, 227, 237, 239, 241 “Dream of Scipio, The,” 215 De Officiis, 214 Clark, J. C. D., 10, 197, 203 Clark, Jane, 70 Clausen, Hans Dieter, 69, 72 Cobham, Richard Temple, Viscount, 161, 180 Temple of British Worthies, 202, 206 Colley, Linda, 10, 72 Congress of Soissons, 120–3 Conquista del vello d’oro, 232 Continence of Scipio, 240 Contre Temps; or, Rival Queans, 111 Convention of the Pardo, 178, 248 Cornelius Nepos, 211

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Costanze e fortezza, 14 Cowper, William, Earl, 69, 72, 157, 160–1, 247 Coxe, William, 160 Anecdotes of George Frederick Handel, 160 Cripso, 219 Cruickshanks, Eveline, 9, 10 Cumberland, William, Duke of, 202 Cuzzoni, Francesca, 7, 22, 63, 65, 70, 88, 104, 109–10, 111–12, 113–16, 119, 120, 122–3, 124, 125, 127, 129, 150, 151, 158, 160, 247 D’Aumont Rochebaron, Louis-Marie, 35 Dario, 230, 232, 236, 242 Davies, Thomas, 194, 195 De Fesch, William, 127 de Saussure, César, 112 de Thoyras, Rapin History of England, The, 88 Dean, Winton, 88, 147, 148 Deborah, 128, 136–45, 155, 159 Degenfeld, Count, 137 Deidamia, 248 del Pò, Anna Strada, 129, 139, 150 del Pò, Aurilio, 129, 133, 135 Delany, Mary, 127 Delawarr, John West, Lord, 154, 157, 160, 247 Dennis, John, 30, 39–40, 48, 118, 210, 246 on allegory, 39–40 Depredations Crisis, 173–8 Deutsch, O. E., 69 Dickinson, H. T., 11 Do You Know What You Are About?, 158 Dobson, Michael, 25 Donald, Burrows, 82 Dryden, John, 15–16, 17, 27–8, 39, 211, 213, 214 Albion and Albanius, 39 Spanish Fryar, The, 28 Dryden, John, and Nathaniel Lee Duke of Guise, The, 27 Durastanti, Margherita, 151 Egmont, John Percival, Earl of, 76, 101–2, 126, 153, 162, 186 Elisabeth, Queen of Spain, 173 Enea nel Lazio, 166, 228–9 Erasmus Institutio Principis Christiani, 213 Erminia, 220 Esther, 128 Europe’s Revels for the Peace, 16 Excise, the, 135–6, 138–45, 161, 169, 180 Ezio, 225

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Faramondo, 216, 247 Farinelli, 4, 7, 65, 97, 126, 150, 152, 153, 158, 161, 165, 166, 174–6, 185, 210, 247 and court of Spain, 172–3 and the War of Jenkins’ Ear, 173–8 Farnace, 222, 233 Fate of Favorites, The, 198 Faustina, 7, 22, 63, 65, 88, 104, 109–12, 113–16, 119, 120, 122–3, 125, 127, 129 Felton, Henry Dissertation on Reading the Classics, A, 237 Festa d’Imeneo, 163, 166, 172 Fielding, Henry, 183, 184–6 cultural politics, 185 Eurydice Hiss’d, 186 Historical Register for the Year 1736, The, 185–6 Pasquin, 184 Welsh Opera, The, 183 Flavio, 241 Fleury, André, Cardinal, 106, 112, 114–15, 120, 122 Floridante, 81–6, 230, 233, 236 Flower, Newman, 155–6, 161 Frederick, Prince of Wales, 7, 41, 47, 147–8, 151, 152–66, 167, 171, 178, 180–1, 183, 186, 189, 190, 191, 192–3, 195–6, 198, 199, 200, 202, 205, 207, 208, 214, 248–9 and the Opera of the Nobility, 152–66 conventional account, 155–6 conventional account reconsidered, 156–63 marriage celebration, 171–2 relations with parents, 147, 153–5, 166–8, 247, 249 reputation reconsidered, 152–3 Garth, Samuel prologue to Tamerlane, 46 Gay, John, 25 Beggar’s Opera, The, 45, 103–4, 116–19 application to Walpole, 118 fictions about, 118–19 ministerial response to, 116–17 use by the opposition, 117–18 Polly, 182 generic expectation, 4–5, 6, 12, 13, 17, 19, 23, 37, 42, 55–6, 79, 147, 169 George I, 5, 9, 36, 44, 45, 47, 53–4, 57–60, 63, 69, 72, 80–1, 82, 83, 85–6, 87, 89, 94, 106, 111, 112, 114–15, 121–2, 127, 152, 224, 225, 245, 246

403

George I and II, feud, 58–61, 82, 83 George II, 5, 31, 45, 47, 58, 72, 76, 83, 86–90, 91, 95, 99, 102, 112, 139, 140, 145, 147–8, 152, 154–6, 159, 160, 162–3, 169–70, 177, 180, 186, 193, 195, 198, 205, 207, 208, 213 George III, 153 Gibraltar, 104–8, 111, 113–16, 121–3, 175 Gibson, Elizabeth, 82 Giove in Argo, 247 Giulio Cesare, 40, 92, 233, 241, 242 Giustino, 205–6, 232, 233 Godolphin, Sidney, Earl of, 73, 78 Golden Rump, The, 186 Gordon, Thomas, 232 Cato’s Letters, 106 Greene, Maurice, 128 Griselda, 229 Grotius, Hugo, 234, 236 De Jure Belli ac Pacis, 226 Grove, The, 19 Hammond, Brean, 185 Handel, George Frideric, 1–2, 6, 7, 13, 19, 21, 22, 31, 49, 50, 62–3, 70–1, 82, 119, 126–8, 129–30, 135–42, 144, 146–8, 150–2, 155–65, 178–9, 189, 206 Deborah and the Excise, 135, 136–42 final opera seasons, 247–8 Floridante allegorized, 81–6 Giustino allegorized, 205–6 health, 247 Joseph and his Brethern, 248 Muzio Scevola allegorized, 79–81 relations with Frederick, Prince of Wales, 164–5 Riccardo primo allegorized, 86–91 Rinaldo allegorized, 31–3 Silla allegorized, 35–7 Sosarme allegorized, 146–8 Teseo allegorized, 34–5 Water Music, 60 Handel–Heidegger partnership, 22, 119, 126–7, 128, 146, 148, 150, 160

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Hanoverian celebratory pieces, 7, 17, 19, 22, 48, 56, 171–2 Harmony in an Uproar, 159 Harris, Ellen, 36, 70, 82, 83, 91 Harth, Phillip, 17, 26 Hatchett, William Fall of Mortimer, The, 182–3 Hawkins, John, 70, 74, 111, 160 Haym, Nicola, 21, 34, 40, 49, 50, 70, 79 Heidegger, John James, 7, 49, 50, 58, 61, 62, 63, 111, 120, 124, 126, 138, 139, 140, 158, 159, 177, 247 Henley, John “Orator,” 144 Hyp-Doctor, 144 Hertford, Frances Thynne Seymore, Countess of, 192, 195, 196, 208 Hervey, John, Lord, 7, 78, 88, 110, 116, 127, 142, 152, 153, 156–7, 161, 165, 178, 183, 233, 249 Hill, Aaron, 32, 33, 127 history role and use, 210–14 Hoadly, Benjamin, Bishop, 107 Hosier, Francis, Admiral, 106 Hughes, John, 12, 38–9, 40, 48, 99 on allegory, 38–9 on allegory in painting, 41–2 Hume, Robert, 5, 12, 19, 48, 61–2, 124, 183 Humphreys, Samuel, 82 Ifigenia in Aulide, 166, 232 Il fuoco eterno custodito dalle Vestali, 18–19 Il pomo d’oro, 14 Imeneo, 248 Irwin, Anne, Viscountess, 137, 153 Isherwood, Robert, 14 Jacobite (Jacobitism), 10, 32, 53, 58, 67–70, 72, 83, 98, 129, 132–4, 144, 148, 197, 234 James II, 15, 16, 25, 28, 34, 35, 169 James III, the Pretender, 34, 54, 58, 83, 86, 131, 245 see also Pretender, The Jenkins, Robert, Captain, 177 Jennens, Charles, 151 Johnson, Samuel Compleat Vindication of the Licensers of the Stage, 196 Judith, 127 Julius Caesar, 143, 144, 239 Kent, William, 153, 166 Ketterer, Robert, 205

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King Arthur, 15, 16 Kipling, John, 45, 100–1, 116, 125 L’Odio e l’amore, 233, 239, 242–3 La clemenza di Tito, 243–4 La conquista del vello d’oro, 39 Langford, Paul, 101 Law, William Absolute Unlawfulness of the Stage-Entertainment, The, 51 Layer, Christopher, 43, 44, 68, 77 Leeds, Juliana, Duchess of, 151 Leicester, Thomas Coke, Earl of, 162 Lewis, C. S., 37 Licensing Act, 187–9, 196 opposition to, 187–8 Lindgren, Lowell on Bononcini persecuted as Jacobite, 72–9 Lipsius, Justus, 212, 230 Politicorum Libri Sex, 212 Livy, 212, 223 Loftis, John, 17, 103, 194 Lord Chamberlain, 183, 194, 196, 198 Lotario, 127, 233 Louis XIV, 14, 46, 231 Lucio Papirio dittatore, 82, 223, 230 Lucio Vero, 219, 233 Lucius Cornelius Sulla, 35–7 Lucius Papirius Cursor, 223 Lyttelton, George, 155, 183 Machiavelli, Niccolò, 213–14, 237–8, 241 Principe, Il (The Prince), 213 Mainwaring, John, 159 Mallet, David, 194, 208 Mustapha, 195–6 Mallet, David, and James Thomson Alfred, 206–9 Marcus Aurelius Antonius, 245 Marlborough, Henrietta, younger Duchess of, 74, 78 Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of, 5, 16, 29–31, 33, 35–7, 50, 57, 73–4, 84–6 Marlborough, Sarah, Duchess of, 41, 73–4, 78, 85, 248 Mary of Modena, Queen, 15 Mary, Queen, 16, 28, 35 Metastasio, Pietro, 4 Middlesex, Charles Sackville, Earl of, 247–8 Milhous, Judith, 61–2, 124 Miller, James Coffee House, The, 175 Mirror for Princes, 90, 213, 237

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Index

monarchy, 225–37 absolute, 231 limited, 232 mixed, 232 resistance to, 233–7 succession, 232–3 types of, 225–6 Monod, Paul, 2, 34 Montagnana, Antonio, 140 Montagu, Mary Wortley, Lady, 29, 74, 152 Nonsense of Common-Sense, 177 Muzio Scevola, 79–81, 217, 221, 224, 231 Myrroure for Magistrates, 212 Namier, Lewis, 8 Natural Law, 226–37 compact between ruler and people, 226–30 Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of, 60, 63, 95, 112, 134, 158, 248 Norfolk Congress, The, 123 Nottingham, Daniel Finch, Earl of, 28 Numitore, 20, 63, 218, 225, 227 Onorio, 238–9 opera conditions of production, 17–18, 65 court, 14, 17, 18, 20 as dramatic poetry, 210–12 and effects of luxury, 107 English, 127–8 Habsburg court, 14, 18 as history, 210–12 libretto choice, 20–2, 92 oriental subjects, 91 Opera of the Nobility, 6, 7, 22, 150–70, 173, 209, 247 founding, 150–2 Orlando, 39 Ormisda, 228, 230, 232, 233, 237, 240 Orrery, Charles Boyle, fourth Earl of, 43–4, 68 Orrery, John Boyle, fifth Earl of, 43–4 Ottone, 22, 109, 166 Otway, Thomas Venice Preserv’d, 26 Ovinius Camillus, 245 Oxford, Edward Harley, Earl of, 81 Oxford, Robert Harley, Earl of, 28–31, 34, 58 parallel and application, 5, 42–5, 47, 98–104 Parnasso in festa, 170–1 Partenope, 233 Paterson, William Arminius, 202–3

405

Patriot drama, 181–2, 189–91, 193–201, 209 ministry attacks on, 200–1 Patriot King, 180, 200 Patriot opposition, 7, 97, 180–2 literature of, 181–2 Pembroke, Mary, Countess of, 110, 111 personation, 42, 45, 47, 98–104 Petrarch, 212 Philip, King of Spain, 105, 106, 115, 173 Pitt, William, the Elder, 143, 154 Playhouse Bill (John Barnard’s), 183–4 Plumb, J. H., 9, 10, 58, 69, 97, 249 Plutarch, 212 poetic justice, 213 Polifemo, 163, 166 political opposition, 60, 69, 135–6, 154, 166–7 Pomfret, Henrietta Louisa Jeffreys, Countess of, 195, 200 Pope, Alexander, 3, 76, 101, 119, 153 Dunciad, The, 119, 185 Poro, 217, 233, 240, 242 Porpora, Nicola, 150, 166 Sinfonie da camera, 166 Twelve Italian Cantatas, 166 Porto Bello, 106 precept, 43, 44, 48, 50, 211–14, 230, 244, 246 Preliminaries of Paris, 112–16 Pretender, the, 29, 34, 43, 54, 57, 58, 66, 67, 72, 94, 105, 131–2, 134–5, 143, 145, 198 see also James III, the Pretender Prévost, Antoine, Abbé, 159 Price, Curtis, 2, 15 Proteo, 172 Psyche, 15, 19 Publius Cornelius Scipio, 240 Pufendorf, Samuel, 234 Pulteney, William, 57, 61, 94, 95, 112, 133, 141, 148, 161, 187, 248 Quadruple Alliance, 86, 105, 106 Quintilian on allegory, 39 Quintus Fabius, 223 Radamisto, 59, 60, 63, 82, 218, 235, 237 ragion di stato, 238–9 Riccardo primo, 13, 22, 31, 48, 49, 86–91, 213, 219, 236 Rich, John, 116 Richard I (the Lionheart), 86–90 Rinaldo, 31–3, 39, 40–1, 61 Riva, Giuseppe, 22, 70, 73, 77, 78

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Rival Queens, 104, 109–10, 113, 127, 129 see also Cuzzoni and Faustina Robinson, Anastasia, 77–8 Robinson, George, 130 Robinson, Thomas, 143 Rodelinda, 220, 235, 238 Rogers, Nicholas, 11 Rogers, Pat, 85 Rolli, Paolo, 49, 50, 70, 80, 81, 89, 126, 127, 144, 148, 158, 213, 224, 242 Roper, Alan, 12, 48, 91 Rosamond, 52 Rossi, Giacomo, 32, 35 Rowe, Nicholas Tamerlane, 36, 45 Royal Academy of Music, 6, 20, 22, 126 demise of, 119, 124–5 founding, 61–6 politics of, 69–72 Rubens, Peter Paul Life of Marie de’ Medici, 42 Salic Law, 233 Sallust, 214 Sasse, Konrad, 84, 147, 205–6 Scipio Africanus, 215 Scipione, 92, 240 Sedgwick, Romney, 9–10 Semele, 248 Semiramide riconosciuta, 151, 233 Seneca, 211, 241 De Clementia, 213 Senesino, 7, 22, 65, 70, 88, 89, 113–16, 120, 121, 122–3, 125, 126–7, 144, 146, 148, 150, 152, 157–60, 166, 179, 247 as leader of the Opera of the Nobility, 158–9 sententiae, 212, 214, 246 Serse, 232, 247 Shaftesbury, Antony Ashley-Cooper, fourth Earl of, 127, 136, 159 Shakespeare, William, 25, 47, 76, 101, 182 Short History of Prime Ministers in Great Britain, A, 100 Sidney, Philip Defense of Poesy, 213 Silla, 35–7, 39 Siroe, 227 Somers, John, Baron, 88 Song of Deborah and Barak, The, 128 Sosarme, 146–8, 241 South Sea Bubble, 66–7, 106 South Sea Company, 66, 178

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Spectator, The allegories in, 39 Stanhope, Charles, 67 Stanhope, James, Earl, 57, 59–60, 66–8, 80, 86, 94, 105, 106, 114 Steele, Richard, 211 Stoics, 241 Stonecastle, Henry, 52, 210 Stratford, William, 81 Streatfeild, R. A., 155, 161 Strohm, Reinhard, 2, 3, 13, 80, 84, 85–6, 147, 205–6 Suetonius, 214 Sunderland, Charles, Earl of, 59–60, 61, 66–8, 74, 80, 94 Swift, Jonathan, 10, 25, 28, 33, 57, 95, 98, 117 Gulliver’s Travels, 25 Swiney, Owen, 20, 34 Tacitus, 212, 237 Taking of Namur and His Majesty’s Safe Return, The, 16 Tamerlano, 47 Tasso, Torquato Gerusalemme liberata, 33, 38, 40 Tatler, The allegories in, 39 Teofane, 22 Teseo, 34–5, 230 Teuzzone, 87, 230, 238, 240 Theobald, Lewis, 24 Thomson, James, 190–5, 206, 208 Agamemnon, 190–5 Britannia, 191 Edward and Eleonora, 198–200 Liberty, 192 Seasons, The, 191 politicized, 192 Sophonisba, 191 Thomson, John, 130, 131 Thomyris, 233 Thornhill, James, 42 Tickell, Thomas, 28 Tito Manlio, 223, 230 Titus Manlius, 223 Titus Manlius Torquatus, 223 Titus Vespasian, 243 Tories (Tory party), 8–9, 57–8, 70, 71, 74, 81, 234 Touch-Stone, The, 210 Townshend, Charles, Viscount, 57, 59–61, 121 Treaty of Seville, 123–4

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Treaty of Utrecht, 105 Treaty of Vienna, 106 Triple Alliance, 86, 105 Trowell, Brian, 31–3 Tuve, Rosamond, 38 Vasconcellos, Miguel, 143–4 Vespasiano, 218 Victor, Benjamin, 196 virtue, 214–25 Cicero on, 214–15 clemency (clementia), 241–6 female, 217–19 self-mastery, 239–41 von Borcke, Caspar Wilhelm, 158, 161 von Fabrice, Friedrich Ernst, 70 Walcott, Robert, 8 Wallace, John, 12, 42, 43, 48, 91 Walpole, Horatio, 139, 141, 184 Walpole, Robert, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 41, 43–5, 47, 55, 57, 59–61, 72, 77, 80, 88, 94–104, 106, 108, 109, 112, 116, 117–18, 120, 123, 125, 129, 130, 133–5, 136, 138–46, 147,

407

148, 152, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 167–8, 169, 174, 175, 177, 178, 180–6, 189, 192, 193–4, 195–201, 203, 204, 208, 209, 248 assassination fears, 144 fall from power, 248–9 historians’ assessment, 69, 249 ministry’s defense of, 97–8, 103 nicknames for, 96 political opposition to, 94–104 rise of, 66–9 War of Jenkins’ Ear, 173–8 Weber, William, 2 Weinbrot, Howard, 198, 203 Wharton, Thomas, Duke of, 69 Whig Schism, 58–61 Whigs (Whig party), 8–9, 57–8, 70–1, 74, 233 William Blackstone, 244 William III, 16, 19, 32, 34–5, 46, 169 William IV, of Orange, 168–71 Wilson, Kathleen, 11 Zaslaw, Neal, 13 Zwicker, Stephen, 17

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