Improve wastewater treatment in Bangkok

Abstract: Sweden has a long experience of municipal wastewater treatment, at least 30 years and there is a serious waste water problem in Thailand. In response our company has devised a project plan to build a waste water treatment system in the Bangkok. The system should be user-friendly and work efficiently requiring minimal maintenance. The total budget of this project which is sponsored by the Sweden government is approximately 40 million SEK. The project will last 1 year and start at Nov 16th 2009 and finish at Dec 1st 2010. Group Member: Qian Yi Xiaoming Ge Amnauy Mahavongvun Phummipat Daungklang Edward Ratanasena

([email protected]) ([email protected]) ([email protected]) ([email protected] ) ([email protected])

Date: 2009-12-01

Department of Science and Technology Linkoping university SE -581 83 Linkoping, Sweden Linkoping, 2009

CONTENT 1 Presentation of the project 1.1 Background ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.2 Project objectives 1.2.1 Business Impact Goal -------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1.2.2 Project goal ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.2.3 Limitations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 1.3 Timeframe, Budgeting and Prioritizing ----------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.4 Features of waste water treatment system– Requirement Specifications 1.4.1 Pipeline system ----------------------------------------------------------------------------5 1.4.2 Rotating biological contractor(RBC) technology---------------------------6 1.4.3 Treatment tank ----------------------------------------------------------------------------6 1.4.4 Water quality standard-------------------------------------------------------------------7

2 Handover --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 3 Stakeholder Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 4 Situational Analysis - SWOT-Analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------9 5 Profitability Analysis ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 6 Work Breakdown Structure--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 7 Network diagram---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 8 Milestone Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 9 Activity List --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15 10 Gantt chart (see also 19 Appendix) --------------------------------------------------------------------------17 11 Resource Planning 11.1 Labour utilization per activity --------------------------------------------------------------------18 11.2 Labour capacity --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18

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12 Budgeting 12.1 Total Costs---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20 12.2 Costs distribution over project execution -----------------------------------------------------20 13.Project Model------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21 14 Risk Analysis--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------22 15 Monitoring and Control - Quality Plan 15.1 Main goal----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 15.2 Procurement process control --------------------------------------------------------------------23 15.3 Construction process control --------------------------------------------------------------------23 15.4 Continuous Project Review -----------------------------------------------------------------------23 16 Project Organization and Staffing ----------------------------------------------------------------------------24 17 Communication Plan --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26 18 Finance ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26 19 Appendix 19.1 wastewater treatment model--------------------------------------------------------------------27 19.2 gantt chart---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28

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1 Presentation of the project 1.1 Background The canals in Thailand are currently highly polluted due to direct discharge of wastewater throughout the city area. Although large buildings are required to have some form of wastewater treatment and small private houses are required to have at least septic tanks to receive toilet wastes, domestic wastewater are mostly discharged to public drains without treatment. The septic tanks generally have outlets to public drains or canals. Sweden has an extensive experience of municipal wastewater treatment, at least 30 years. There is a wide field of knowledge both amongst consultants and suppliers in the public water services sector. As a result, we have delegated responsibility for detail design of the new waste management facility and preparation of drawings, technical solutions and possible financing models to Swedish consultants. Thai and Swedish have official relations and have been trade envoys for over 100 years. Thailand is also one of the favorite Swedish tourist destinations. Environmental problems in Thailand have resulted from water pollution. Since Sweden has extensive experience in water treatment solutions their technology will be utilized for this project.

1.2 Project objectives 1.2.1 Business Impact Goal Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, therefore there are lots of tourists coming to Bangkok. If the water pollution in Bangkok is still a serious problem, it gives negative impression to the tourists who travel and stay in Bangkok. In addition, water pollution causes deaths of aquatic creatures either by its toxicity or reducing dissolved oxygen concentration. The toxicity may come from high concentration of sulfide or ammonia. It will cause some changing by water pollution. 1.2.2

Project goal To build a small wastewater treatment system in Thailand. To install the small water treatment equipment which can accommodate wastewater from 1000 houses. To improve the environment for samples Canal ecosystem of the river back. 1.2.3 Limitations The scope of the project is limited to a chosen sample community population not

exceeding one thousand households and living near the river or canal. To model the water problem with the knowledge and change on river care issues and waste water systems and equipment installation

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1.3

Timeframe, Budgeting and Prioritizing

The project will last 1 year which will start on Nov 16th 2009 and finish at Oct 1st 2010. The reason is because, compared with other times, there are fewer travelers than other month. It will have the minimum effect on traffic. Another reason is that the most comfortable period in Thailand is December which the average temperature is 25 C The sponsor’s budget is decided on 40 million SEK

Quality: 40% Time: 30% Source: 30%

The accentuated constraint in this construction project is quality. This is because water pollution will affect people’s health. Another reason is water pollution will give tourists negative impression. Exceeding resources and therefore budget endangers the profitability of the project. Finally, the project should finish on time. Otherwise the investors have to pay more money on workers’ salary. It will affect the other project in company as well.

1.4

Features of the wastewater treatment system – Requirement Specifications Below the requirement specifications, i.e. pipeline system , Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC),treatment tank ,water quality standard 1.4.1

Pipe line system

Create a water pipeline from the home support of 1000 homes to a wastewater treatment. The project will house a waterfront home. The water pipeline will be connected to pipe water from houses that can send water directly to the wastewater treatment system.

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1.4.2

Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC)

Building plant and installed water treatment "Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC)", which is capable wastewater from homes of people from 1000 to 2000 households. Rotating Biological Contractor (RBC) specification 1. High flexibility: In general, the water feature and water 2. 3.

quantity are complicated with big changes. Under this circumstance, the sewage treatment facilities. Small measure of area: Among all kinds of treatments bio membrane treatment takes the smallest measure of area. Low electricity consumption: Since the rotating contactor runs in low speed (2rpm), it takes very low electricity consumption. comparing with mud treatment, it takes only one -fifth of its electricity consumption or even lower.

1.4.3 Treatment Tank Create clarifier of the treatment - cylindrical concrete ponds 3 meter radius and 5 meters high, which has 24,000 liters of capacity before transfusion into the river or returned to reuse.

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1.4.4

Water quality standards Water through the wastewater treatment process. The purity of water is standard

Index Standard 1.pH value 2.Total Dissolved Solids

Water quality standards value method 5.5-9.0 pH Meter - Not exceed 3,000 mg / L. or may be different for each type of resource support and waste water. Or types of industrial plants. Pollution Control Board at its sole discretion, but not exceeding 5,000 mg / L.

Evaporation drying temperature 103-105 C for 1 hour

- Wastewater to drain into a valuable source of brackish water salinity (Salinity) exceeding 2,000 mg / L. or into the sea wellvalues in waste water will be greater than the value T DSL. Existing water sources in brackish or sea water can not exceed 5,000 mg/L.

3.Suspended Solids

4.Chemical Oxygen Demand : COD

5.Biochemical Oxygen Demand : BOD

Less than 50 mg / L. or may differ depending on the type of support wastewater sources. Or types of industrial plants. Or types of wastewater pollution control commission, as appropriate, but not exceeding 150 mg / L. Less than 120 mg / L. or may be different for each type of resource support and waste water. Or types of industrial plants. Pollution Control Board as appropriate but not exceeding 400 mg / L

Glass Fiber Filter Disc

Less than 20 mg / L. or different and each source of support for waste water. Or types of industrial plants. Pollution Control Board as appropriate but not exceeding 60 mg / L.

Azide Modification at 20 ° C temperature for 5 days

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Potassium Dichromate Digestion

2 Handover The project is arranged to be handed over on Dec 1st, 2010. At that time, the sponsors will accepts the product only all the following points are fulfilled. - Produced completed according to requirement specification - Implementation completed - Project acknowledged and approved according to requirement specification - Costs recorded and accepted The sponsors have an agreement with the project manager about the remaining activities. What is more, the remaining documents, for example, test protocol, quality review, documentation, should be handed over together. The project will not close until the project manager hands over the final report to the sponsors. However, the deadline can not be later than Nov. 30, 2010.

3 Stakeholders

Influencing the project

Influenced by the project

Core stakeholders (Stakeholders who are prime movers and/or decision makers)

• Swedish government • Thai government • Ministry of Environment of Sweden • Ministry of Environment of Thailand

• Waste water treatment company who provides the technology of the system • Construction companies who are hired to built the system

Primary stakeholders (Stakeholders who are particularly affected by, and would like to influence the project)

•Bangkok Metropolitan • Equipment factories who Administrator provide the equipments used • Bank in Sweden in the system • Foundation in Sweden • Material factories who supply •Sub Contract construction materials to the construction company companies • Engineers who take charge of the project • Workers who are hired to build the system • Engineers who take charge of the maintenance • Workers who are hired to maintain the system

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Secondary stakeholders (Stakeholders with a relatively low interest and as such will probably not influence the project)

• Thai media • Greenpeace organization • Competitors

• Thai residents in project area • tourist

4 Situational Analysis - SWOT-Analysis

Strengths

Weaknesses

• The sponsor is the Thai government and Swedish government •We are using well established technology from Sweden • The labor in Bangkok is very economical

•Using technology in different conditions compared to Sweden • Transportation of equipments will be very high • There will be some communication problems between Bangkok workers and Swedish engineers • Maintenance

Opportunities

Threats

• There are mutual benefits between Thai government and Swedish government • The product will improve our company recognition • The product introduce new technology in Thailand • The technology can be implemented in other cities in Thailand • The product will cost effective in long term

• Thai residents might not appreciate this system • There might be local competition

Conclusions and actions S+O

• The project is supported by the Thai government and Swedish government so that it will bring mutual benefits. • Since the well established technology is a new technology for Thailand which can be implemented in other cities, our company recognition will be improved..

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Handled in… Background

High technology

S+T

W+T

W+O

• This project is supported by the Thai government, however, the Thai residents might not appreciate the system. To solve this problem, we have to meeting with people in site area and talk with them about the benefit of wastewater treatment. • We are using established technology from Sweden, which means there might be some damage during transportation. So we will make some insurance to reduce the lost of transportation. • There might be some similar project starting at the same time, so we should check the schedule to avoid this to happen. • Because of using technology in different conditions, some unpredictable problems might happen. So that is why we should do extensive pre-study before we get start to the project. • The transportation of equipments will be very high since we have to transport them from Sweden to Bangkok. To avoid this we can make the contact more detail with the equipment applier. • Besides, the delay of transportation might happen which will lead to the delay of the project. So during preparing the project, we should account for delays in schedule. • The communication problems between Bangkok workers and Swedish engineers will be a great problem which might leads to a great deal of lost of time and materials. We can employ a translator to make communication well translated. • The product will introduce new technology to Thailand and bring mutual benefits to both two sides of the government. If it is succeed implemented in Bangkok, the technology can be introduced to other cities in Thailand. Nevertheless, we have to succeed first in our project. All unpredictable problems and transportation costs should be predicted and scheduled. • The product will cost effective in long term which will improve our company recognition. Nevertheless, the maintenance of the system will costs a lot in the future

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Activity list Project Organization and Staffing

High technology Quantitative Risk Analysis

Quantitative Risk Analysis

Quantitative Risk Analysis

We can show the information to local engineers and teach them how to maintain the system.

5 Profitability Analysis This project is a project in which the Swedish government to help the Thai government. The government of Sweden will provide financial support for the project. Therefore this project is “zero financial profit “ project. Meaning the profit should be zero, however there is a budgeted cost and a planned funding from the sponsor. However, to measure the success of the project has the following process. 1 measure water quality in the area is a project to compare water quality before and after the project. The amount of quality will be examined by experts through water quality tests every month for 8 months in comparison to water quality. 2 Check the health of people in the project area which is home to a number of participating households are expected to be 1000 people in the health check will be approximately 3000 people will have health check health check every three months starting. Since the project began till the end of the project. Check that the specialists, health and disease from the water. To compare the health of people in the project area. 3 satisfaction survey of participants to a comparison of public satisfaction in the project to measure performance, then the success of the project. To the information in guiding decisions on future business. The survey will be satisfaction of the participants every three months for this measure.

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6 Work Breakdown Structure Improve Wastewater treatment in Bangkok

Administration

Construction

Contract Thai goverment

Water Quality/ Health Research

Transportation

Transportation equipment

Survey /design

Advertise

television Test water quality

Contract to Bangkok metropolitan

Biding local construction companies

Contract insurance company

Pipeline system

Building and Installation Rotating biological

Pipeline survey

Foundation construction

Created vertical drop pipe

Framing

Piping

Install pump

Roofing

wall

Foundation construction

Electricity for pump

Testing system

Installing Rotating Biological

Improve canal Scenery

Dredge canal

wall

Electricity basis

Electricity basis Install pipeline

Report water quality

Health reseach Framing

Tree planting

Flower planting Connecting to waste water treatment system Improve canal vertical side

Connecting to pipeline system

Testing system

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internet

radio

Building treatment tank

Education

newspaper

Campaign for water treatment

Public relation

Open ceremony

7 Network diagram Pipeline system

START Project

Contract Thai Government

Contract Bangkok metropolitan Administration

Biding local construction company

Design system

survey

construction

Building and installation Rotating Biological

Testing system

Building treatment tank

Meeting with local officer

Choosing place

Improve Scenery Canal

Insurance company For equipment transportation

Test water quality/ Health Research

Transportation equipment

television

internet Advertises radio Campaign water treatment For people in area

newspaper

Education Activities

Public relation

13

Open ceremony

Handover

8 Milestone Pipe Line system

Kick off

Contract Thai government

Biding local construction company

Install ( RBC )

Testing system

Treatment Tank

14

Watertreat ment activities

Handover

9 Activity List

ID

Activity Name

1

contact and document Thai government

Duration Dependency Resources Responsible (days) (person) 15

1

10

A.T.

2

Meeting with local official at Bangkok

3

1

5

A.T

3

Choosing place

7

2

5

E.T.

4

Meeting with people in site area

3

3

5

A.T + E.T

5

Biding local construction company

10

4

5

A.T.

6

Insurance for equipment transportation

5

4

5

A.T

7

Survey area of project

7

5

5

E.T + C.T.

8

design system

21

7

10

D.T

9

settle site office

7

8

20

C.T.

10 Pipeline survey

5

8

7

C.T.

11

20

10

30

C.T.

10 7 5 15

11 12 13 14

20 10 20 10

C.T. C.T. C.T. C.T.

12 13 14 15

Create vertical drop pipe Piping Install pump Electricity for pump Install pipeline system

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16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47

Foundation construction for Rotating Biological Framing Roofing Wall Electricity basis Install the Rotating Biological Connecting with pipeline system Foundation construction for treatment tank Framing wall Electricity basis Connect to wastewater recycle treatment system Dredge canal Tree planting Flower planting Improve vertical side Test water quality testing system phase I testing system phase II testing system phase III transport to Sweden harbour Shipping the Rotating Biological transport from Bangkok harbour to working site Thai public TV Government internet Public internet Thai radio Thai newspaper Campaign People living near the water Cleaning canal with people in community Grand Openning

25

8

20

C.T.

10 10 10 7

16 17 18 19

15 15 15 15

C.T. C.T. C.T. C.T.

15

20

15

C.T.

5

21

15

C.T.

20

8

20

C.T.

8 10 7

23 24 25

15 15 15

C.T. C.T. C.T.

7

26

15

C.T.

7 7 7 10 8 5 5 5

16 28 29 30 7 22 33 34

20 15 15 15 10 10 10 10

C.T. C.T. C.T. C.T. E.T. E.T. E.T. E.T.

3

6

30

A.T.+C.T.

50

36

3

A.T.

3

37

30

A.T.+C.T.

15 15 15 15 15

35 35 35 35 35

10 10 10 10 10

AD.T AD.T AD.T AD.T AD.T

20

35

20

E.T

7

45

20

E.T

4

46

30

A.T+E.T.

Administration team = ( A.T )

Construction Team= ( C.T.) Design Team= ( D.T.)

Advertise Team = ( AD.T )

Expertise Team = ( E.T )

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10 Gantt chart ( see also appendix)

17

11 Resource Planning 11.1 Labour Utilization per Activity

Number of Labor in each activity

Labor Resource Histogram 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1

4

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 Activity number

11.2 Labour capacity The labor capacity is only evaluated and shown for critical resources with several, parallel activities, i.e. construction , wastewater treatment expertise , design and survey ,administration team.

Administration

18

week 9

week 8

week 7

week 6

week 5

week 4

week 3

week 2

week 1

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

19

week 39

week 38

week 37

week 36

week 35

week 34

week 33

week 32

week 10

week 9

week 8

week 6

Expertise Team

25

20

15

10

5

0 week 37

week 35

week 33

week 31

week 29

week 27

week 25

week 23

week 21

week 19

week 17

week 15

week 16

week 15

week 14

week 13

week 12

week 11

week 10

Design and Survey Team

12

10 8

6

4

2

0

Construction team

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

12 Budgeting 12.1 Total Budget of Improve wastewater treatment in Bangkok ID 1 2 3 4 5 6

Name

Price (million SEK ) 2 10 15 10 2 1 40

Administration Construction material Construction Equipment Design Activities Total

12.2 Costs distribution over project execution

Budget estimation 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

July

Feb

March April

May

June

July

August

Sep

3 6

5 11

5 16

8 29

5 34

3 37

2 39

1 40

August

February

April

20

5 21

September

June

Nov Dec mSEK 1 2 1 3

March

Jan

January

May

month Planned value 40 costs ACCUMULATED

December

November

0

13 Project Model Waterfall model The project chose a waterfall model or plan Sequential Development model because this project is a project in which construction work is required to work step by step plan. The waterfall model derives its name due to the cascading effect from one phase to the other and is based on passing phase the next only when the preceding phase has been completed , until the whole project is completed Waterfall model provides a template into which methods for analysis, design, construct, testing and support can be placed. However the disadvantage of waterfall model is that it is rare to follow the sequential flow that the model proposes. Although the waterfall model can accommodate iteration, it does so indirectly. As a result, change can cause confusion as the project team proceeds.

Requirement analysis and requirement specification Survey location

System design

construction

System testing

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14 Risk Analysis The risk analysis reveals all the risk the project will be confronted during the execution. The minirisk-method allows to evaluated the impact of a certain risk towards the project constraints and therefore prioritize the risks effectively.

Probability

Impact

Risk value &Priorities

Risk Response

1

5

5

Check time schedule

2

4

8

have insurance

- Cost of equipment

3

3

9

Contract prices

- Technology Incompatibility

5

5

25

Extensive prestudy

Risk -Similar project starting at the same time - Damage of equipment during transportation

Account for delays in schedule

- Unforeseen delays

4

3

12

- Miss-communication

3

5

15

Employ translator

- System not accepted

2

4

8

Give information

- Lack of co-operation

2

4

8

Study culture

The analysis above shows that the highest risk value for our prioritized factor time is “ Technology Incompatibility”. The indicated response handles the risk adequately and therefore mitigates the risk.

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15 Monitoring and Control- Quality Plan In order to fulfill the project standard, there are lots of advanced technology and management science which can ensure the engineering quality, construction technology; building materials have reached the level of first-rate. Do quality work following to the rules and make effective construction system as well as implement the responsibility. Treatment analysis is using some data to evaluate the system. 15.1 Main goal: 1) Quality inspection completed with 100% passing. It will ensure the following construction and design stranded. 2) 100% qualified record rate. 3) High-level waste water system building structures. 4) Contract performance rate of 100%; contract quality reach the highest level. 15.1.1 Treatment capacity The terms of reference required a treatment plant design to cater for: 1) an ultimate full treatment capacity of 1Mm 3 /day 2) a preliminary treatment capacity of 2Mm 3/day 3) Treatment of 1000m3/day of night soil. The Phase 1 construction provided for: 1) a full treatment capacity of 300,000 m 3/day 2) a preliminary treatment capacity of 1Mm 3/day 3) Treatment of 1000 m 3/day of night soil. 15.1.2 Treatment standards The requisite treatment standards are: 1 biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)