IEA Research on Energy Efficiency Governance
Grayson Heffner, Nigel Jollands, Sara Pasquier & Aurelien Saussay IEA Energy Efficiency Governance Team
WORLD BANK WORKSHOP ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY GOVERNANCE June 1-2, 2010 Washington, DC
Presentation Topics Introducing the IEA What is energy efficiency governance? IEA’s energy efficiency governance project Working partners and cooperation Expected products Research highlights • Institutional survey research • Interviews and thematic case studies
Introducing the IEA An autonomous body of the OECD founded in 1974 An energy policy advisor and think tank 28 Member countries • Asia Pacific: Japan, South Korea, Australia & New Zealand • North America: USA, Canada • Europe: UK, Ireland, Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Austria, Denmark, Netherland, Greece, Finland, Sweden, Czech Rep, Hungary, Slovak Republic, Turkey, Switzerland, Norway, Poland
Decision making body: • Governing Board: Director-Generals of Member countries • Standing Committees review IEA programs and work
Secretariat: 220 engineers, economists and statisticians
The IEA Shared Goals 4Es: Energy Security, Economic Development, Environmental Protection, and Engagement Worldwide 1. Diversity, efficiency and flexibility in the energy sector 2. Prompt, flexible (and, when needed, collective) response to energy emergencies 3. Environmentally sustainable provision and use of energy 4. Development of more environmentally acceptable energy sources 5. Improved energy efficiency 6. Continued research, development and market deployment of new and improved energy technologies 7. Undistorted energy prices 8. Free and open trade and a secure framework for investment 9. Co-operation among all energy market participants
What is Energy Efficiency Governance? Consultative processes to engage key stakeholders Institutional arrangements for developing policy and implementing programs Frameworks that enable energy efficiency investment Coordination mechanisms within, between and across levels of government Integration with other development, environmental, and societal goals Accountability and results monitoring
Why is Governance Important? Government policies along with market mechanisms are the two main ways to scaleup energy efficiency investments Overcoming barriers to energy efficiency often requires government action Government policies and actions need to be coordinated to be effective and avoid creating new problems Energy efficiency agencies need to be accountable for results and effectiveness
Gt
World abatement of energy-related CO2 emissions in the 450 Scenario (2 degrees) Share of abatement %
42 40
Reference Scenario 2020
2030
38
Efficiency
65
57
36
End-use
59
52
6
5
18
20
Biofuels
1
3
Nuclear
13
10
3
10
34 32
3.8 Gt
Renewables
30 28 26 2007 2010 2015
450 Scenario 2020
Power plants
13.8 Gt
2025
CCS
2030
Efficiency measures account for two-thirds of the 3.8 Gt of abatement in 2020, with renewables contributing close to one-fifth
The IEA’s Energy Efficiency Governance Project Overall aim • Assist governments to establishing effective energy efficiency governance systems
Key phases: • Phase 1: Institutions and resources • Energy efficiency institutions and enabling frameworks • Matching resource allocations to goals & responsibilities
• Phase 2: Multi-level governance • Future Phases: • Energy efficiency strategies • Compliance, enforcement and evaluation • Capacity building issues
Working Partners and Cooperation A global effort led by the IEA Secretariat’s Energy Efficiency Unit Financial support from the European Bank for Reconstruction & Development (EBRD) and the InterAmerican Development Bank (IDB) Cooperation with the World Bank, UNESCAP and USAID Eco-Asia
Expected Products Phase I • Information Paper (July 2010) • Guidebook on Energy Efficiency Governance (October 2010) • Dissemination Workshop (late 2010)
Future Phases • Formal Reports and Books • Country Reviews • Additional workshops, possibly in cooperation with IPEEC/WEACT
Research Highlights Survey of Energy Efficiency Institutions • 460 respondents in 115 countries • Response rate of ~ 40%
• Case studies • Country Interviews • Identifying case study themes
• Developing governance guidelines
Institutional Survey Results Surveys Received Worldwide Resourcing Surveys
25
151
Institutions Surveys
298
Not received
Total Responses by Region Eastern Europe - Central Asia
Western Europe
50
North America
46
7
East Asia Middle East - North Africa
19
9 South Asia
10 Africa South America
17
9 Oceania
6
Survey Questions How long have you been working on EE? What is your main area of expertise? What type of institution are you in? What legal framework exists for EE? What are the important EE institutions? What role do energy providers play? Is EE high on the political agenda? Are EE efforts coordinated across sectors? How was your institution established? What are the key drivers for EE in your country? What type of EE targets or goals have been set? Do you conduct program or project evaluations?
Responses by Institutional Type 90 80 70
75
60
50 40
75
31
30
31
30
30
21
20 10 0
8 8
33
6
21
22
6
What best describes the institution you currently work for?
Key Drivers of Energy Efficiency IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
90
80 74 70
5 7
60 9 50
9 43 2 2 3
40 18 30
28 4 1 4 3
20
36
23 1 1 3 2
26 10
12 4
0 Energy security
Economic development
1 1
7 1 1 3 2
Public health
Other
16
Climate change
Economic competiveness
Please rank the key drivers of energy efficiency policy in your country
Under what authority was your institution established? IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
90
80
78
6 70
60
7 5 7
50 15 39 2 3 4
40
30
20
38
10
7 1 2 4
0 National law
International agreement
19 2 2 3 5 7 Established by NGO or university
34 3 2 4 4 10
11
8
17 2 2 3 2 1 7
Decree or executive order of Budget allocation decision a government within a government minister/secretary department
22
Other
What best describes the authority under which your institutional was originally established?
Legal frameworks promoting energy efficiency IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
100 90 80
86 8 1 7
70 6
60 50
70 2 3 6
8
61 2 3 5
19
16
26
40 30 20
38
23 4 32
35
6 5 2 6
10 0 A specific law focuses on energy efficiency
Energy-sector laws include energy efficiency
Energy efficiency included within the laws of other sectors
No legal framework
40 5 1 4 2 2
26
29 1 1 6 3 6 12
Tax legislation
What best describes the legal framework promoting energy efficiency in your country at the national level?
Other
Does your energy efficiency policy includes targets/goals? IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
120
100
101 7 4 11
80 6
73 6 3
60
22
8
10 40
17 51
20 29
0 Yes
No
Is energy efficiency policy in your country guided by measurable energy efficiency or related targets?
What role do utilities play in promoting energy efficiency? IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
120 104 100
11 4
9 80 65 4 3 8 4
60
40
20
0
77 6 2 3
10
10
18
84 5 2 9 7
13
8
52 6 3 3 8
16
19 12 4 13
48
52
48
30
8
Setting public policy
Delivery of energy Voluntary delivery efficiency services of energy efficiency under a mandate services in from the response to the government market
Provision of information
Feedback on energy use
7
23 21 4 1 8
25
7
1 1
No role
Don’t know
23 13 3 2 14
Funding energy efficiency programs
Other
Do you evaluate your energy efficiency programs? IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
140
120
118 10
100
3 8 12
80 19
60 52 2 5 40
11 66
4
19
20
11 0 Yes
No
Does your country conduct evaluations of its energy efficiency programs?
Who conducts the evaluations? IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
80
70
67
60
63
7
9
2 5
1 3
50
6
4 8
40
37
13 30
20
5 1 5
27 3 1 3 6
23 41
6
31 26
10
14
3
7 2 2 3
Funders
Other
6
0 Parent organisation
2 2 4
Self-evaluation
Outside/independent entities Another agency or ministry (universities, consultants, etc.)
Institutional Effectiveness IEA
Non-IEA Eastern Europe / Central Asia
Latin America
MENA
Africa
Non-IEA Asia
70
60
56 7 50
6 4
40
42 1 5
6 6
30
46 3 1 4 6
2 15
20
10
14 17 1 2 3 3
33
14
17
8
13 2 1 1 1 3 5
0 Strongly agree
Agree
Neutral
Disagree
Strongly disagree
My country has an effective energy efficiency institutional structure: Do you agree or disagree?
Summary of Survey Results General Trends: • Energy security and climate change are drivers • Most countries have laws promoting efficiency • Energy providers are frequently involved • Self-appraisal of institutional effectiveness varies by region Institutional Issues Raised • Intra-governmental coordination is often weak • Although some evaluation is conducted, it is not a strength • Goals & targets often lack clarity or specificity
Case Study Research Interviews to study governance in different country contexts Development of thematic case studies Discerning general trends and common issues Identify potential for cross-country dialogue & exchange
Country Interview Modules Country context - drivers and barriers Enabling frameworks & processes • Laws • National strategies, plans, targets, goals
Map of energy efficiency institutions Devolution and coordination issues Resourcing Evaluation, oversight, accountability
Country Interviews IEA Member Countries • Australia • Canada • Finland • Greece • Hungary • Ireland • Korea • Slovenia • New Zealand • Sweden • Switzerland • Turkey • UK • US (Oregon, NY, VT, Mass)
LAC Countries • • • • •
Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Mexico
Country Interviews (Con.) Non-IEA ECA • Armenia • Russia • Ukraine
MENA • Jordan • Lebanon • Tunisia
Non-IEA EAP • Indonesia • Singapore • Thailand
Sample Case Study Topics Energy Efficiency Laws: From Rational Use Laws to Green Energy Acts Inter-governmental coordination in converting goals into action Resourcing and funding mechanisms Accountability & results monitoring: creating an evaluation culture Engaging energy providers Location of policy makers vs. policy implementers Public-private cooperation in regulating efficiency
Thank you
