_______

_____ _____ _____

____

(I;iss

I)aI

Skills Worksheet

1 p t Review

LF-

Sf

S

I

Section: Simple Ions Complete each statement Terms may

be used

more

below by choosing than once.

a term from

the following list.

10

II

ion

octet

12

13

anion

cation

1. An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative electric charge because it has lost or gained electrons is a(n) IOV

II

2. The sodium ion has

16

and

/ l_.

protons,

neutrons,

electrons.

3. In most chemical reactions, atoms tend to match the outer electron configura

tion of the noble gases. This is called the

Complete each

statement

below by writing the

4. An anion is an ion with a

I

Oc

I

Lute.

correct term or

1

phrase.

charge.

electrons occupy the outeost energy level of an atom.

6. The chloride ion and the chlorine atom have

‘electron

configurations. 7. A cation is an ion with a

1 )OJ ’f

charge.

B. Many stable ions have an electron configuration of a

°‘

Answer the following questio ns in the space provided.

9. How do the outer-shell electron configurations for ions of Group 1, Group 2,

and Group 15, Group 16, and Group 17 elements compare with those of the noble gases? fo(

11 ‘

o V

I

/6’

oJ

17

(O

‘oj

--

/

/

.

Er

4/

I

(

Copyright © by Hoft, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserve d.

Hoft Chemistry

1

Ions and Ionic Compounds

I )a(’

lass

I

Nain

I Concept Review continued 10. What (to Y’OU

(iroiup 15?

110(1CC LhotIL aLl ol I

Group

lie

ionic charges

for Umup 1? ( roup 2?

16? Group [7?

6 I -

1 1. [low uiiany Valallce electrons 16, and Group 17 have?

(to atoruus in

/, 6-

6,

i-

Group 1, Group 2, Group 15, Group

z.

2

r

/

/

16

7

12. State the octet rule.

T

Ar

y

/

j

i

O

O

/o5

2

e(J-c /

le’7(

13. Ions of calcium, fluorine, magnesium, and iodine have electron configurations

that are similar to which noble

gases?

3

p

Xe de,,from those of their parent atoms.

14. Explain why the properties of io

Po (

hv

S

15. Why (to atoms of metals form cations?

4

L/

16. Why do atoms of nonmetals form anions? I ‘;

y•

C

F

:

J

) Copyright © by unit, Rinehart and Winston. All tights reserved.

Holt Chemistry

2

Ions and Ionic Compounds

_______

I)ae

(lass

Worksheet 4.1

-

Sections a and b: Ionic Bonding 1.

If

represents a chlorine atom, then model

best represents a

Q

chloride ion. a.

b.

c.Q

d.Q

2. In Section a, when the sodium atom becomes a sodium ion, how does the size and electron configuration of the sodium atom change? Explain what happens, and write the electron con figuration for the atom and for the ion.

S J’

(

J

f

c’i1

‘

3. 2 CaF and NaCI are examples of ionic bonding. Why does CaF 2 have two anions per cation while NaCI has a cation to anion ratio of 1 :1?

L

-

j

/, 4

(

f

ItL

3. Each ion formed in Sections a and b attains a noble gas configuration. How can you recognize a noble gas configuration by looking at the electron configuration?

c)j

‘F

-.,

(1

I bit ChemFile interactive Futor Copyright C by Holt. Rinehart and Winston AN rights resereed.

_________________________

______________________________________________ _________________ _______________

(hiss

I )ate

Name

Worksheet 4.1 continued

5. In

Section

a

C

an ionic

compound was formed between calcium and

Which

a.

atom,

calcium

b. Which atom will

What

c.

C 6. An

ionic compound

What

is

to

fluorine,

forms a positively

increase in size or

the charge

d. Write the

Sections a and h a.

is

or

formula

on

fluorine.

Volume when its ion

torrned?

compound.

formed tiom strontium and chlorine. Use what answer the following questions. is

of

is

ion?

the anion?

for [he ionic

the electron con hguration

charged

the

you

learned

in

strontium ion’?

(] b. I-low many chlorine atoms are needed to accept all the electrons lost by strontium?

2 c.

Using Section h as a model, diagram the formation of strontium chloride. Show the change in size for each atom as it becomes an ion. Then show the relative numbers of ions that combine to form one unit of the ionic crystal. Use circles to represent each atom and ion.

Strontium ion(s)

Strontium atom(s)

Chlorine atom(s)

+

Strontium

Chloride ion(s)

chloride, Chemical lormula

Holt ChemFile interactive Tutor C’opvright © b Holt. Rinehart and Winston. All riuhts reserved

2

______________________________ ___________

_____

( lt.s

I )ak’

Ac—

Concept’Review [Wo

f

C/j’o

2_

Section: Ionic Bonding and Salts Complete each

statement

below by

1. L’he arrangement of ion

6

by

writing

[H 50(1mm

the

correct

term

or

phrase.

chloride shows that each ion is surrounde(l

op)ositely-charge(I

LOflS.

2. The attractive force between sodium ions and chloride ions results in an arrangement of ions in repeating units arranged to fo a

CY ck I

!

3. In the sodium chloride crystal arrangement, the net effect is that the

between oppositely charged ions is significantly greater than

between ions of like charge.

4. The arrangement of cations and anions depends on the the

and

oftheions.

Complete each

statement

lattice energy

below by choosing salt

a

term

from

the following list.

unit cell

crystal lattice

5. The specific way in which atoms are arranged in an ionic compound is called

the (7I 6. The

!

ire

-c—

is the simplest repeating unit of a crystal structure.

7. A

is a compound that results when an ionic bond is formed between a cation and an anion.

8. When 1 mole of a salt is formed from gaseous ions, re Leased.

Answer the following

questions

in

the

space

/ iA

is

‘

I

provided.

9. Briefly describe why the structure of ionic compounds causes the compounds

to be hard.

SIO2c

I

(opyright © by bit, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Holt Chemistry

3

Ions and Ionic Compounds

I

Naitie

——_________________________

Review continued

j Concept

10. When a torce is applied to an ionic compound and the ions arc repositioned so I hat like—charged ions are located next to each oilier, what happens to the Coflul)oLlfl([?

(

11. 1 [ow

is an ionic

bond

formed?

‘

.

foçb’

,_vv,_

‘/

12. Define S(tlt. -,

O’

13. Why do

4

J

J 1 o-

iL

ionic compounds have

high

melting points

,J /

[r o

and high boiling

points?

L

1

14. Why

are

ionic

solids

Øar/. 15. When

are

generally poor conductors of electricity?

/e”f

salts excellent

,-f

‘1’

conductors of electricity?

/

i

/

I

(CA

Copyright © by Flolt. Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Holt Chemistry

4

Ions and Ionic Compounds

)

_____________________________

N:itm

(lass

I )atc

I Concept Review continued 16. Name live chatcteristics ol lOlliC C01U )OtlfldS. 1

LJ Z HJ L?-4-Fk 3 Se t.J d nJ g. C, J I. $