27th June 2013

HERRENKNECHT State of the Art Tunnel Boring Machines

Wilm Schaub HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

GLOBAL TRENDS  Population growth  Rapidly advancing urbanization  New high-capacity infrastructures to keep people, goods, and resources on the move  Refurbishment and extension of existing underground infrastructure  Congested arrangement of structure in the urban underground  Building of new and extension of existing high-speed train networks  Hydropower Projects  Fresh Water Supply  Irrigation and Sewage 17 June 2013

Slide 2

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

AGENDA : TUNNELLING REQUIREMENTS      

Longer Drives Larger Profiles Capability to handle high pressure Capability to excavate in heterogeneous ground conditions Special reference projects Answer and Questions

17 June 2013

Slide 3

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

LONGER DRIVES & LARGER PROFILES DEVELOPMENT OF DIAMETER 

MIX-Shields

1997: Hamburg 14.20m

1985: HERA 5.95m

17 June 2013

1996: Sydney 10.70m

2006: Shanghai 15.43m

Slide 4

2011 St. Petersburg 19.25m

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-317/318 CHANGJIANG UNDER RIVER TUNNEL | SHANGHAI | CHINA

17 June 2013

Slide 5

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-317/318 │THE PROJECT DETAILS   



Connection between Pudong and Changxing Geology consisting of Sand & Clay 2 Double-deck road tunnels:  Upper level: 3 lanes  Lower level: service +safety  Segment OD: 15.00 m  Segment ID: 13.70 m  Tunnel length: 7.170 km each Yangtze River Crossing: Maximum overburden above tunnel axis: 65m

17 June 2013

Slide 6

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-317/318 │THE MACHINE DETAILS   

  

MIX-Shield® Shield  = 15.43m Cutter Head accessible under atmospheric conditions from the arms Main drive  = 7.6m with total power of 15x250kW = 3750kW Back-Up with installation equipment for road element Total machine length 130m

17 June 2013

Slide 7

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-317/318 │CUTTER HEAD DESIGN

17 June 2013

Slide 8

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-317/318 BACK-UP SYSTEM FOR ROAD ELEMENT INSTALLATION

17 June 2013

Slide 9

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CHONGMING UNDER RIVER TUNNEL PROJECT MIXSHIELD S-317/318

S-317 Shanghai

180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0

S-318 Shanghai weekly advance 37 41 45 49 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45 49 1 5 9 13 17 21 25

2006

2007

week

2008 meter

meter

weekly advance

180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2

7 12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47 52 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

2007 17 June 2013

Slide 10

week

2008 Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

BREAKTHROUGH OF THE WORLD‘S LARGEST TUNNEL BORING MACHINES. ABOUT 1 YEAR AHEAD OF TIME.

May 28, 2008 17 June 2013

September 5, 2008 Slide 11

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-668 NANJING METRO LINE 10 LOT 3

    



Tunnel Length = 3.6 km Ø = 11.61m MIX Shield Total Thrust Force: 123000 kN Max. Op. Pressure: 7.5 bar Smallest accessible chamber cutter head for tool exchange under atmospheric conditions Main Drive Power: 2750 kW

17 June 2013

Slide 12

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-762 ISTANBUL STRAIT CROSSING

Trakya Formation (sandstone/mudstone/dykes)

Marine Deposits (sand + clay)

Transition Zones (rock, soil, gravel, cobbles) 17 June 2013

Slide 13

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD CONCEPT.

 

Bore Diameter  13,690 mm Shield Diameter  13,660 mm

17 June 2013

Slide 14

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD DIAMETER CONCEPT.

Main Dimensions Bore Diameter

New features  13,690 mm

Camera units 5 No. (transfer chamber & cutter chamber)

Front Shield Diameter

 13,660 mm

Tailskin Diameter

 13,620 mm

Outer Lining Diameter

 13,200 mm

Ring building clearance (Deflector strip) = 2 x 45 mm 17 June 2013

Slide 15

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD CROSSING | MIXSHIELD WITH ACCESSIBLE CUTTING WHEEL.

17 June 2013

Slide 16



5 Main arms (atmospheric accessible)



Center (Main atmospheric access)



5 Side arms (Chamber access)

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

ISTANBUL STRAIT ROAD CROSSING | MIXSHIELD WITH ACCESSIBLE CUTTING WHEEL. Cutters

35 No. x 19” Twin disc Monobloc. Pressure compensated

Spacing

100 mm (120 mm center)

Scrapers

32 No. x 250 mm Atmospheric accessible

Scrapers

90 No. x 220 mm

Buckets

2 x 10 No.

Flushing outlets

7 No.

Sizers

 800 mm (max. 1,200 mm)

17 June 2013

Slide 17

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

DEVELOPMENT OF DIAMETER



EPB-Shields

2010: Sparvo 15.50m

1991: Taipei 6.26m

17 June 2013

2000: Madrid 9.33m

2003: Barcelona 12.06m

Slide 18

2006: Madrid 15.20m

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

Torque [kNm]

DEVELOPMENT OF TORQUE IN MIXSHIELD AND EPB TUNNELLING

Diameter [m] 17 June 2013

Slide 19

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-574 GALLERIA SPARVO  = 15.615M – HERRENKNECHT EPB SHIELD.

17 June 2013

Slide 20

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

MAIN DRIVE  

Torque: 94.800kNm Breakout Torque : 125.000kNm

17 June 2013

Slide 21

 

Power: 12.000kW Speed: 2,16 rpm

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTERHEAD DRIVE.

   

12 electric motors with 1.000 kW each 50 hydraulic motors with a torque of 2.387 Nm each 50 planetary gearboxes with transmission ratio of 51,42 Creating a max. total cutterhead torque of: 125.268 kNm

17 June 2013

Slide 22

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

THRUST FORCE 

17 June 2013

Slide 23

315.000kN @ 400bar

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CAPABILITY TO HANDLE HIGH PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATION PRESSURE

17 June 2013

Slide 24

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-502 │LAKE MEAD, USA

S-502 Lake Mead, Intake No. 3 | Las Vegas | USA Dual-Mode TBM - Hard

Cutterhead power: 2,800kW

Rock /Mixshield

Geology: Basalt, sandstone,

Diameter: 7,180mm

amphibolite, conglomerate

Tunnel length: 4,800m 17 June 2013

Slide 25

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CHALLENGES IN MECHANIZED TUNNELLING. GROUNDWATER PRESSURE.   

Sedimentary and volcanic geology Depth of the tunnel Potential for high groundwater inflows and high hydrostatic pressures

17 June 2013

Slide 26

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CAPABILITY TO EXCAVATE IN HETEROGENEOUS GROUND CONDITIONS

17 June 2013

Slide 27

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SINGAPORE – CUSTOMIZED SOLUTIONS FOR CHALLENGING PROJECTS

17 June 2013

Slide 28

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

MIXSHIELD TECHNOLOGY

•

The Mixshield is an improvement of the original slurry techniques

•

Invented by HERRENKNECHT and WAYSS & FREYTAG in the 1980’s

•

Designed for a more accurate face pressure control and thus to minimise the risk of settlements

17 June 2013

Slide 29

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SLURRY SHIELD - MIXSHIELD

Bentonite suspension

Bentonite suspension

Bulk head

Bulk head

Air bubble Hydraulic transport cycle

without air bubble

with air bubble

Slurry Shield 17 June 2013

Hydraulic transport cycle

Mixshield Slide 30

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

MIXSHIELD - ACCURATE FACE PRESSURE CONTROL

17 June 2013

Slide 31

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

MIX – SHIELD

1.

Cutting Wheel

2.

Bulkhead

3.

Air – Cushion

4.

Submerged Wall

5.

Slurry Line

6.

Stone-crusher

7.

Feed Line

8.

1

3 2 4

8

7

Erector 6

17 June 2013

Slide 32

5

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PRESSURE REGULATION ACCURACY

3

2

1 Support Pressure MIX Shield - Double Chamber

Reference Pressure

Support Pressure Slurry Shield - Single Chamber

0 0 17 June 2013

10

20 30 time [sec] Slide 33

40

50 Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

TBM DESIGN

17 June 2013

Slide 34

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD

  

17 June 2013

Slide 35

Optimized design in terms of machine length Customized design for various operation pressures Thrust Cylinder arrangement solutions for 5+1 and 7+1 segment lining

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD – MAN LOCK      

Dual man lock design 2 x (3+2) Operating pressure: 7 bar Complies to CENEN12110 regulations Fully equipped for compressed air works Manufactured and tested in Germany Oxygen Decompression System

17 June 2013

Slide 36

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD – MATERIAL LOCK



 

Independent Lock for transfer of cutting tools from and to the excavation chamber No obstruction in air lock Safe for workers

17 June 2013

Slide 37

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD – SLURRY CIRCUIT



 



Injection Lines for bentonite on various positions of pressure wall and submerged wall Discharge line in shield invert Heavy duty hydraulic driven ball valves for operation from the control cabin  Chamber flushing  Clogging prevention  Crusher flushing Pipe bends made of extra wear resistant material

17 June 2013

Slide 38

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SHIELD – SLURRY CIRCUIT – COMMUNICATING PIPE If the geology bears an increased risk of clogging, the submerged wall gate opening could cake up gradually and eventually be completely closed. This could lead to a pressure rise in the excavation chamber.  With a communicating pipe, the bentonite which is pumped into the excavation chamber can flow via the communicating tube and thus prevent a sudden pressure rise in the excavation chamber.

17 June 2013

Slide 39

[1] Excavation chamber [2] Working chamber [3] Communicating tube [4] Feed line [5] Slurry line [6] Clogged submerged wall door

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

STONE CRUSHER

    

 = 700mm crushing size Wiping mode for clogging prevention in softground Optimized hydraulic connection lines Independent hydraulic power pack Grid in front of discharge line to prevent large obstacles from entering the slurry circuit.

17 June 2013

Slide 40

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PROBE DRILLING

   

2 x high performance rock drills mounted on 360° drill rig Inclined probe holes through TBM shield Horizontal probe holes through TBM shield and cutting wheel 1 x adjustable center probe drill hole

17 June 2013

Slide 41

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PROBE DRILLING – DRILLING PATTERN 

Inclined probe drill lines

17 June 2013

Slide 42

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PROBE DRILLING – DRILLING PATTERN 

Horizontal probe drill lines



Center inclined probe drill lines

17 June 2013

Slide 43

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PROBE DRILLING – DRILLING PATTERN 

Combined drilling pattern

17 June 2013

Slide 44

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PROBE DRILLING – BLOW OUT PREVENTER 

Blow out preventer Equipped with rotating seal, pressure relieve valve, mechanical clamping and manual ball valve

17 June 2013

Slide 45

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTING WHEEL - STRUCTURE

  



Heavy Duty Robust Structure Adaptation of proven solutions Implementation of experience gained from former Herrenknecht projects with MIX-Shields in Rock and Mixed Face conditions. FE Analysis to meet the requirements of the project

17 June 2013

Slide 46

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

Bucket lips Scrapers

19” face and gauge disc cutter

19” center disc cutter 17 June 2013

Slide 47

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTING WHEEL – SHIFTING OF GAUGE DISCS



Shifting of Gauge Discs by C-Piece with full load capacity for overcut in curve

17 June 2013

Slide 48

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTING WHEEL – WEDGE LOCK MOUNTING

 



Durable heavy duty mounting system for rock application Load transfer through the housing into the steel structure of the cutting wheel Wedge to fix the cutter axis

17 June 2013

Slide 49

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTING WHEEL – PRESSURE COMPENSATING DISCS- FOR HIGH OPERATION PRESSURE







For a standard disc cutter, there is no pressure compensation. Under high pressure (>3.5bar), the external pressure is higher than the internal pressure. For non P.C unit, high pressure (>3.5bar) can result in slurry and muck pressing against seal sets and contaminating inside of disc cutters Damage of the seal sets reduces the lifetime of the cutter and higher cost of refurbishment of cutters

17 June 2013

Slide 50

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTING WHEEL – PRESSURE COMPENSATING DISCS- FOR HIGH OPERATION PRESSURE 

  



Herrenknecht pressure compensating discs use a bladder design that is installed into the shaft. The balance of the pressure is through the compensating bore in the shaft P.C unit is balancing the pressure difference at the seal sets The bladder is easy to change and maintain P.C cutters ensure a higher lifetime, reduce risk of bearing failure and reduce refurbishment cost of cutters Project references:  S502 Lake Mead  S536 Hong Kong Lai Chi Kok  S548/549 Singapore DTL2  S602/603/604/605/617 Singapore DTL2

17 June 2013

Slide 51

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

17 June 2013

Slide 52

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

CUTTING WHEEL – WEAR DETECTION&PROTECTION

 

 



Hydraulic Wear detectors for Disc Cutter Hydraulic Wear detector for Steel Structure

Circumferential GRILL BARS Hardox 400 – HRC 40 Circumferential welded Hardfacing on shield edge. HRC 56 VAUTID Plates on front surface HRC 60

17 June 2013

Slide 53

Wear detector For cutting wheel structure

Wear detector For disc cutter

HARDFACING On shield edge HRC 56

GRILL BARS Hardox 400 HRC 40

VAUTID PLATES 100 x 100 mm HRC 60

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

LATEST DEVELOPMENT: VARIABLE DENSITY TBM 



Down to the present day, this is the only TBM‘s of this kind. Especially it is developed to handle the karstic geology of Kuala Lumpur. Convertible between 4 different advance mode

17 June 2013

Slide 54

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

WORKING MODES WITH THE DIFFERENT SUPPORT MEDIA.

Mixshield – Mode

4

EPB – Mode

Thin suspension (bentonite suspension)

HDSM – Mode

Support medium pasty earth cake

2 EPB – Mode with bentonite support

3

Thick suspension (bentonite suspension with filter) 17 June 2013

Support medium pasty – liquid earthcake Slide 55

Wilm Schaub

1

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

VARIABLE DENSITY SYSTEM.

Excavation & Working chamber

Air bubble

Flushing box with the crusher

High density slurry Feed line

Slurry circuit

Slurry pump

Screw conveyor

17 June 2013

Slide 56

Wilm Schaub

Slurry line

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

MUCK TRANSPORTATION

Apart from tunnel face support, material transport can also be changed in line with the respective geology. The system can switch from hydraulic transportation via pipeline to solid transportation via belt conveyor or muck car haulage. 17 June 2013

Slide 57

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SPECIAL REFERENCE PROJECTS

17 June 2013

Slide 58

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-670 │CONVERTIBLE EPB / SINGLE SHIELD      

Convertible EPB / Single Shield Shield  = 10.02 m Operating Pressure 3.0bar Tunnel Length 2 x 3860m Convertible Cutter Head Simultaneous installation of screw conveyor and conveyor belt in shield for quick conversion

17 June 2013

Slide 59

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

S-670 │CONVERTIBLE EPB / SINGLE SHIELD

17 June 2013

Slide 60

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

40° INCLINE TUNNEL FOR HYDROELECTRIC POWER. S-575 | Linth Limmern | Switzerland Gripper-TBM Diameter: 5,200mm Tunnel length: 2 x 1,000m Cutterhead power: 2,205kW Geology: limestone Incline: 85%  40°

Customer: Marti Tunnelbau

17 June 2013

Slide 61

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PUMPED STORAGE HEPP LIMMERN / SWITZERLAND. TRANSPORT TO THE JOBSITE BY CABLE-CAR.

17 June 2013

Slide 62

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

17 June 2013

Slide 63

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT ASIA HEADQUARTERS | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

PUMPED STORAGE HEPP LIMMERN / SWITZERLAND. BREAKTHROUGH FIRST TUNNEL ON OCTOBER 14, 2011.        

Machine type: Gripper TBM Diameter: 5,200mm Tunnelling length: 1,045m Gradient: 40.3° Commissioning: 24.06.2010 Breakthrough: 14.10.2011 Best daily performance: 28.8m Best weekly performance: 132.6m

17 June 2013

Slide 64

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

RAILWAY TUNNEL ENLARGEMENT – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT  

Mechanized enlargement of existing railway tunnels Maintains route availability with relatively little reconstruction work

17 June 2013

Slide 65

Wilm Schaub

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SUMMARY- PERSPECTIVES 

Tunnelling projects all over the world are demanding TBM technology with permanently higher requirements on the TBM design especially in regards of:  settlement control  operation effeciency  labour safety  operating loads (water pressure, overburden)  adaptability to multiple kinds of geology (Multi Purpose TBM)  cost efficiency

17 June 2013

Slide 66

Wilm Schaub

Page 66

HERRENKNECHT AG | UTILITY TUNNELLING | TRAFFIC TUNNELLING

SUMMARY- PERSPECTIVES 



As a supplier of Tunnel Boring Machines, Herrenknecht is continuously striving to optimize and extend the TBM product portfolio . A few exemplary development steps are:  Cutting Wheel geometry closely adapted to project geology (Custom made)  More wear resistant cutting tools and wear parts  Spherical- and displacable main drives  Accessable Cutting Wheels (smallest Diameter= 11,62m, S-668 Nanjing), extended application range  Improved tailskin sealing systems  Double Screw Conveyor (mainly Chinese market)  More accurate Muck control systems  Geology exploration systems  Data monitoring/ recording systems

17 June 2013

Slide 67

Wilm Schaub

Page 67

THANKS Thanks for your FOR attention.YOUR ATTENTION!

THINK POSITIV.

Wilm Schaub Herrenknecht Asia Pte. Ltd. +65 92995899

TOGETHER WE BUILD THE FUTURE. [email protected]