HDS User’s Guide Version 3.0
Februry 2009
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Contents 1.
ABOUT HDS.................................................................................................................................3
2.
GETTING STATED..................................................................................................................... 4
3.
THE HDS USER INTERFACE....................................................................................................7
4.
CREATE DELAUNAY TRIANGLE (TIN : TRIANGLE IRREGULAR NETWORK).............8
5.
DEM (WATERSHED, FOG INDEX, ETC)............................................................................... 12
6.
MASS-HAUL DIAGRAM .......................................................................................................... 27
7.
OPEN PROJECT........................................................................................................................ 38
8.
SAVE PROJECT ........................................................................................................................ 38
9.
CLOSE PROJECT ..................................................................................................................... 38
10. PROJECT MANAGER .............................................................................................................. 38 11. SETTING STRUCTURE IN THE CROSS SECTION .............................................................. 41 12. SETTING STRUCTURE FOR 3D MODELING....................................................................... 43 13. HORIZONTAL ALIGNMENT................................................................................................... 45 14. VERTICAL ALIGNMENT......................................................................................................... 60 15. WIDTH OF LANE...................................................................................................................... 78 16. SET AREA .................................................................................................................................. 79 17. CROSS-SECTION...................................................................................................................... 80 18. MASS-HAUL (CROSS-SECTION EARTHWORK) DIAGRAM ............................................. 99 19. 3D MODEL............................................................................................................................... 100 20. ANALYSIS................................................................................................................................ 109 21. UTILITY MENU ...................................................................................................................... 115
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1. About HDS
1.1. Introduction This guide describes how to install and begin using the High Design Solution (HDS). This guide is intended to support highway engineers using HDS to conduct highway design and analysis. In preparing this manual, the authors assumed that you are familiar with the general operation of the Microsoft Windows platforms on which HDS runs.
1.2. Overview Highway Design Solution (HDS) is an integrated development environment that enables users to conduct highway design and analysis. The module of highway design is composed of horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, cross-section, mass-haul diagram and 3D model. The module of analysis consists of stop sight distance (SSD), sun-glare and sun-shadow hazard. Although HDS has been available since 1990s, it was not until 2002 that it became a Windows-based product. The HDS environment's GUI (Graphic User Interface) provides you with effectively manage your highway design/analysis project.
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2. Getting Stated
2.1. System Requirements This section list the minimum and recommended hardware requirements required to install and execute HDS on a personal computer. Microscopic design and analysis are extremely processor intensive. Furthermore, a large lengthy design may generate hundreds of megabytes.
2.1.1. Hardware Most Intel processor-based computer systems that are available today are sufficient for hosting HDS. Thus, we recommend the following: - Intel-based Pentium or higher processor operating at 500MHz or faster - A minimum of 256MB RAM or more recommended - A minimum of 100MB of disk space with 2GB or more recommended
2.1.2. Operating Systems HDS was designed to operate with the following : - Window98, Window2000, WindowXP, Window Vista(32bit) - AutoCAD2000/2002/2004/2005/2006/2008/2009
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2.2. Installing HDS This section describes the procedure for installing the HDS package and system support files.
2.2.1. Installing HDS If you start installing program, you can start it by using your file explorer to find the Setup.exe program. Just double click on Setup.exe to begin the installation.
When you press the Next button, the setup program will display the data you entered and asked the confirm it. If you don’t want to install, the Cancel button click. Although you want to change install directory, the HDS don't support to change install directory.
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The setup program is finished installing HDS and show the following dialog.
2.2.2. Removing HDS HDS does not have to remove the program in control panel. As HDS isn't write registry, if you want to remove the HDS, you delete "C:\RoadEx" directory.
2.3. Starting HDS To start HDS, you run "C:\RoadEx\Utility\Makeshort.exe" If you click "Ok" button, HDS Shortcut icon on your computer will be generated.
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3. The HDS User Interface
3.1. The interface layout HDS provides a point-and-pick, window-based graphical user interface (GUI) that enables you to apply the HDS tools to conduct highway design/analysis. As HDS is a AutoCAD 3rd party program, so it works in the AutoCAD. The following figure illustrates the HDS toolbar and dialogbar.
The following figure illustrates the HDS toolbar.
(The detailed explanation of Toolbar will be described in the following chapter)
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4. Create Delaunay Triangle (TIN : Triangle Irregular Network)
: command for creating delaunay triangle.
4.1. Dialog
4.1.1. Option - Except ZLine] : insert vertexes in arc-section of pline. - Change Elevation : change elevation of pline that are selected. - Insert vertex in polyline : Insert vertexes in polyline entities. - Get Elevatin By Tin : Change LWpline to 3Dpolyline by TIN - Get Elevatin By Tin : Change LWpline to 3Dpolyline by 3DFace.
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4.3. Toolbar The following figure illustrates the horizontal dialog toolbar. The toolbar in the dialog is to collect the command that is frequently used in the menu.
: File - Save TIN : File - Load TIN : File - Unload TIN : Tin - Create TIN By Entity : Tin - Create TIN By DEP : View - TIN : View - Point : View - Erase Face : Edit - Add vertex : Edit - Delete vertex : Edit - Delete vertex in boundary : Edit - Delete vertex out of boundary : Edit - Delete Vertex[Elevation] : Edit - Auto Calibration Fault EL : Utility - Get Elevation By TIN
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5. DEM (Watershed, Fog Index, etc)
: command for creating DEM. If you don't have to calculate DEM(Digital Elevation Model), FPI(Fog Potential Index) and catchment area, you skip this chapter. This chapter is composed of creating DEM, calculating watershed, slope of mountainous district and FPI (fog potential Index).
5.1. Project
- Open : open project (.dml DEM xml for HDS )
․ New : create new project ․ Search : search an existing file ․ Clear MRU : delete history of opened-files
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- Save : save file. - Save As : save as file. - Close : close file. - About : show project name, base-point, grid width, and height of cell.
5.2. Terrain : Create Delaunay Triangle (See previous chapter) 5.3. Set Up
5.3.1. Base Point Input height of cell and pick left-bottom point, X-axis and Y-axis.
5.3.2. Draw Area : draw DEM-rectangle on the current drawing.
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5.3.3. Option The options of DEM, Watershed and FPI
- DEM Min of EL : minimum of elevation for creating gradient image Max of EL : maximum of elevation for creating gradient image Step : as generally, set contour interval. Auto Degree : if checked, show automatically dem image. Gradient : color and position from 0 to 1. Azimuth : azimuth for hillshading Altitude : altitude for hillshading Z factor : buffering z-factor from 0 to 3. if this value is higher, contrast is increasing. Brightness : brightness for hillshading (from 0 to 1).
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-Watershed Break Area : if you check true, stop accumulating cells in beak area. the break areas are highway, bank, lakes, and rivers, etc. accumulation method applied HDS is SFD (Single Flow Direction)
Flow direction to steepest downslope neighbor (SFD).
Flow direction to all downslope neighbors (MFD).
Fill Sink : if you check true, build fill sinks
Hatch : option is checked, draw hatches in catchment areas Min of Accumulation : if number of cell accumulation is less than it, flow direction isn't visible. Min of Dr-Network : if number of cell accumulation is less than it, catchment area isn't visible.
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- Mountainous District Height of Rect : height of rectangle for calculating slope in mountainous district. Degree of Slope : Usually, this value is 5°. bottom / top contour : ratio of bottom over top elevation.
- Fog Potential Index Min of Area : minimum area of water surfaces (river, lake, etc) Dist of Buffering : distance of buffering from water surface. EL of Buffering : height(elevation) of buffering from water surface. Step : degree of buffering from minimum to maximum. View DEM : if you check true, show FPI or fog buffering with DEM. Gradient : gradient option of fog buffering or FPI.
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5.4. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) 5.4.1. Break Area -Select Break Area : select areas to stop accumulation on the current drawing. - Draw on Current Drawing : draw break areas on the current drawing.
5.4.2. Build -Build All : Build EL, Direction and Accumulation. -Build EL : calculate an elevation of cell -Build Direction : calculate a direction of cell (D8) -Build Accumulation : calculate a direction of cell (D8)
Flow direction to steepest downslope neighbor (SFD).
5.4.3. Edit - Draw Break Point : draw a circle in break cell.
- Pick Break Point : Pick a break cell.
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5.4.4. Elevation -View : View the DEM in AutoCAD
- Save BMP : insert a DEM-image on the current drawing. if same file name
is existed,
can't insert it.
5.4.5. hillshade -View : View the hillshading DEM in AutoCAD
- Save BMP : insert a hillshade-DEM on the current drawing. If same file name
is existed,
can't insert it.
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5.4.6. Direction -View : View the flow direct grid.
-Save BMP : insert a hillshade-DEM on the current drawing. if same file name
is existed,
can't insert it.
5.4.7. Slope -View : View the slope grid
-Save BMP : insert a slope grid on the current drawing. if same file name
is existed, can't
insert it.
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5.5. Watershed The Watershed is composed of drawing drainage network and catchment areas (drainage basin).
5.5.1. Drain Network -
View : view the drain direction network map. If view dem in option is false, you don’t see the hillshade background.
-
Save Bmp : save the drain direction network map and insert it on the current drawing.
-
Draw on Current : draw a drain direction network on the current drawing.
5.5.2. Drainage Basin -
View : view the drainage basin(catchment area) map.
-
Save Bmp : save the drainage basin map and insert it the current drawing.
-
Draw on Current : draw a drainage basin on the current drawing.
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-
Draw User basin : if you pick a point on the current drawing, see the basin of point picked.
-
Add User Mouth-point : if you pick a point on the current drawing, insert breakpoint where accumulation is stop.
5.6. Mountainous District The function of Mountainous District is calculating a slope and drawing a contour where bottom elevation over top elevation is 0.5.
5.6.1. Slope -
Select Area : Select lwpolyline on the current drawing.
-
Draw Area : Draw lwpolyline that was selected.
-
Build : Calculating slopes in rectangle.
-
View Report
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Cell Report : show height, slope, distance and area in cell
- Max Elevation: show the maximum elevation in cell - Min Elevation: show the minimum elevation in cell - ∆H : Max Elevation – Min Elevation - L : distance from the point of maximum elevation to the point of minimum elevation - Slope : this value is atan(∆H/L) - Area : Area in Cell - Export Excel : save the spreadsheet in this dialog as an excel file. Export Excel : save the spreadsheet in this dialog as an excel file.
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Print : Print out the spreadsheet. Draw remark : draw the spreadsheet on the current drawing. - Draw Grid : draw the number of cells on the current drawing
5.6.2. Bottom/top contour -Pick bottom/top points : pick a point of bottom and top in a mountainous district.
Pick : add the position of top and bottom position that picked on the current drawing Calculate Elevation(Z) : calculate a elevation of top and bottom position by the tin. Ok : Save the spreadsheet-
5.6.3. Draw Contour[50%]
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Draw a contour line that it is the ratio of bottom/top elevation.
5.7. Fog Potential Index 5.7.1. -
Water Surface
Select Area : select entities which are lake, river, etc on the current drawing.
-
Draw Area : draw entities which are selected.
5.7.2. Urban Area -
Select Area : select entities which are urban districts.
-
Draw Area : draw entities which are selected.
5.7.3. Wetness Index -
Initialize TWI : set Topographic Wetness Index(TWI) to 0 in the cell.
-
Build TWI[All] : build TWI in all the cell.
-
Build TWI[Adjacent River] : build TWI that is conducted on the adjacent the river areas which are selected.
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-
View TWI : view the TWI image.
-
Save TWI : save the TWI image.
5.7.4. Fog -
Initialize Buffering : set fog buffering value to 0 in the cell.
-
Build Fog Buffering : build fog buffering from the river areas.
-
Build Fog All : build fog buffering and TWI which is conducted on the adjacent the river areas.
-
Calculate FPI[STA] : Calculate FPI(fog potential index) of the location which the user designates.
Import CSV : import csv file format(sta, x, y, DL) which is exported from vertical alignment utility. Calculate FPI : calculate FPI in the spreadsheet.
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View Fog Buffering : view the fog buffering map.
-
Save Fog Buffering : save the fog buffering image and insert it on the current drawing.
-
View FPI : view the FPI map.
-
Save FPI : save the FPI map image and insert it on the current drawing.
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6. Mass-haul Diagram
: command for drawing mass-haul diagram.
6.1. Dialog Mass-haul diagram dialog consists of spreadsheet, toolbar and menu.
If you open the file, show the following figure. While the file is opened, if you click right mouse button, context menu is activated in the spreadsheet.
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6.2. Menu 6.2.1. File -
New : create new file of which file extension is ewk.
-
Open : open the file(.ewk)
-
Save : save file that is opened.
-
Save as : save as file.
-
Auto Print : print spreadsheet automatically.
-
Print Preview : view print preview dialog.
-
Export Excel : export the spreadsheet to excel file.
-
Exit : exit Mass-Haul Diagram program.
6.2.2. Option
-
Mass-Haul : option of calculating Mass-haul diagram.
Volume Conversion Factor : original volume over final volume. Soil : default volume conversion factor is 0.9. Excavated earth when placed in a fill will usually become compacted. Ripper : default volume conversion factor is 1.1. Excavated rock when placed in a fill will occupy a large volume.
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Blast : default vlume conversion factor is 1.28 Non-Compact : default value is 0.9 Haul : option of haul Free : free-haul distance. Generally 20m(500ft) Dozer : dozer-haul distance. Generally 60m. By ratio : haul by ratio of soil, ripper and blast rock By order : haul by order that the first soil, the second ripper, the third blast Option Chain Dist : default distance of STA to STA. Number : the method of STA notation is numbering, which divides a distance in 20m intervals. For example, 240m is a Number 12.
Cut[Soil] : items of excavated earth Cut[Ripper] : items of loose rock Cut[Blast] : items of soft or hard rock that is removed by use of drilling and blasting equipment Bank95 : items of fill material that compaction ratio is 95%. Generally, highway subgrade. Bank90 : items of fill material that compaction ratio is 90%. Non-Compact : items of no compaction Init : it is the initial value of item. If the value of item is not zero, mass-haul diagram starts sum of initial values. : Show dialog that is selecting earthwork item
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-
Drawing
X scale : the horizontal scale of distance Y scale : the vertical scale of yardage Interval of Vertical Scale mark
Length of Indicate Line
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Height of Vertical Scale Text
Height of Table Text
Height of Movement Number Text
Height of Movement Text
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6.2.3. Edit -
Insert Row : insert row at active row in spreadsheet.
-
Delete Row : delete an active row in spreadsheet.
-
Insert Col : insert column in spreadsheet.
Edit box is the name of earthwork item, and the options of combo are Area, Length[X], and Length[Total]. Area is the value of fill or cut , Length[X] is horizontal distance, Length[Total] is length such as smoothing slope for each cross section. -
Delete Col : delete an active column.
-
Move Col > : move the active column to right.
-
Rename : rename the active column name.
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Sort : order STA by ascending
-
Create STA : create STA from Start STA to End STA
-
Auto Dist : Automatically calculate distance form STA to STA.
-
Dist->STA : create STA from the Data of Dist column
-
Replace STA : find and replace STA
-
STA->NUM : the method of Station notation changes cumulative distance to numbering
-
NUM->STA : the method of station notation changes numbering to cumulative distance
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6.2.4. Build This menu builds mass-haul diagram and shows the earthwork report.
-
Build Mass-Haul : calculate Mass-haul diagram.
-
Summary Report : show the summary of earthwork
-
Report : show the report of length, area and volume for each item.
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-
Report Cut/Bank : show the report of crossing, cut, fill, etc.
-
Report[Item] : show the summary for each item
6.2.5. Draw
-
Mass-Haul Curve : draw the mass-haul diagram on the current drawing.
-
Table of Free-Haul : draw the table of free-haul on the current drawing
-
Table of Dozer : draw the table of dozer-haul on the current drawing.
-
Table of Dump : draw the table of dump-haul on the current drawing.
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6.2.6. Mass-Haul Report This menu show the reports of mass-haul diagram which are crossing, free, dozer, dump, spoil and borrow.
-
Crossing : show the report of crossing.
-
Free : show the report of free-haul.
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Dozer : show the report of dozer-haul.
-
Dump : show the report of dump-haul.
-
Spoil : show the report of spoiling. The following report is not spoiling.
-
Borrow : show the report of borrowing.
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Start Project
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7. Open Project
: open the project of which file format is xml for HDS. If project will open, will activate the combo (
).
: change the current section.
8. Save Project
: save the project. If you don’t click toolbar button, this project isn’t saved.
9. Close Project
: close the project. If you close the project, the combo will be disabled.
10. Project Manager
: set up the design speed, classification, etc.
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10.1. Dialog This Dialog is setting that project name, classification, region, functional system, design speed, etc. This configuration is the basis for highway design. It affects horizontal alignment, super-elevation, vertical alignment, etc.
10.1.1. Setting section -
New : add a section.
-
Delete : delete the section that is at the activated cell in the spreadsheet.
-
Copy As : Copy as the section.
-
Rename : Rename the section.
-
Import Xml : import the section the other user designed.
-
Up : the activated cell goes up.
-
Down : the activated cell goes down.
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10.1.2. Setting design controls
-
Project Name : edit project name.
-
Classification : select freeway or Not freeway. It affects the super-elevation of shoulder.
-
Region : select the region that is rural or urban.
-
Functional System : select the system in Functional categories
-
Design Speed : edit the design speed for this section.
-
Chain : edit the default distance from STA to next STA.
-
Start STA : edit the starting STA.
-
Design Vehicle : select a design vehicle that is semi-trailer or single unit truck. It affects the widening horizontal alignment.
-
Highway/Ramp : select the option that is General, Two Lane Ramp, One Lane Ramp, Separated Roadway L(Left), Separated Roadway R(Right).
-
For 3D Modeling : if this option is true, add STAs for modeling.
-
Max Superelevation : edit the maximum of super-elevation.
-
Setting default cross section : edit cross section of roadway.
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-
Specification : select specification (Default is The Korean Highway Specification)
-
Cross Structure Xml |General : select the xml. Curb, median, gutter, guardrail, etc are saved.
-
Cross Structure Xml |3D : select the xml. Structures are saved for 3d modeling.
11. Setting Structure in the cross section
: Set curb, median, gutter, barrier, etc on cross section drawing.
11.1. Dialog
This Chapter describes the method of setting structure on cross section drawing. The structure must draw up in the right side, and the unit of structure is m. It has points of start, end, and offset. If you click the button (
) and
pick the
point of start, end or offset on the current drawing, show the location of point in the spreadsheet.
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The entities of structure are lwpolyline, their layers consist of BASE_LINE, MODEL and ETC. The following figure shows entity that is the layer of MODEL, which draws from left to right. If it doesn’t exist in the curb, you won’t show the Face on 3D Model drawing.
The following figure shows entity that is the layer of BASE_LINE, which draws from left to right. If it doesn’t exist in the curb, the cross section will be incorrect.
11.2. Menu
11.2.1. File
-
Save : save the Cross Structure Xml
-
Exit : exit the dialog.
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11.2.2. Edit
-
Add : add the cross structure in the list.
-
Copy As : copy as the current structure in the list.
-
Delete : delete the current structure.
-
Rename : rename the current structure
-
Draw : draw the current structure on the current drawing.
-
Dwg->Data : change the Entities on the current drawing to xml.
12. Setting Structure for 3D modeling
: Setting guardrail, median, bridge, etc for 3d modeling.
12.1. Dialog
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The unit of structure is m. The entities of structure are lwpolyline, their layers consist of CONTINUE, POLE, RECT. The left figure shows entity that is the layer of CONTINUE, which creates continuous structure between STA to STA. The right figure shows entity that is the layer of POLE, which creates cylindrical structure between STA to STA. If layer is RECT,
creates
rectangle structure between STA to STA.
12.2. Menu
12.2.1. File
-
Save : save the Cross Structure Xml
-
Exit : exit the dialog.
12.2.2. Edit
-
Add : add the cross structure in the list.
-
Copy As : copy as the current structure in the list.
-
Delete : delete the current structure.
-
Rename : rename the current structure
-
Draw : draw the current structure on the current drawing.
-
Dwg->Data : change the Entities on the current drawing to xml.
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13. Horizontal Alignment
: This button is the command for the design of horizontal alignment.
13.1. Dialog
HDS supports multi-sections which are continuous. The following figure show a example of multi-section
-
Add : add the section
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-
Delete : delete the section
-
UP : move up the current section.
-
Down : move down the current section.
The previous figure is the cross section of roadway in the current section and the following is the start point and direction.
The following figure is the input picture of horizontal alignment.
Type of Curve is composed of Tangent, Simple, Sprial and Deflection. In the spreadsheet - R1 : the radius of start point - R2 : the radius of end point - CL/Deflection : the length of curve or the angle of deflection. If Type of Curve isn’t Deflection, the value of CL/Deflection is the length of curve, or else it is the angle of deflection - Direct : the direction of curve. (CCW : CounterClockWise, CW : ClockWise)
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Enter the value of Type Curve in the spreadsheet : - Tangent : CL/Deflection - Simple : R1, Direct. - Spiral : R1 or R2, Direct. tangent-simple : R1 is 0, R2 is the radius of the next simple curve. simple-tangent : R1 is the radius of the previous simple curve, R2 is 0. simple-simple : it is spiraled compound curve. R1 is the radius of the previous simple curve, R2 is the radius of the next simple curve. - Deflection : change the direction.
-
: if the value is true, when the cell is changed in the spreadsheet, draw the horizontal alignment in real time. But the executing is slower.
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13.2. Menu 13.2.1. File
-
Broken Chain : come to be long or short the distance of between STA to STA.
STA : edit Broken location Plus Dist : if the value is plus, the length comes to be long or else be short. -
Print : print the spreadsheet.
13.2.2. Edit -
Insert Row : insert a row before the current row.
-
Delete Row : delete a row before the current row.
-
Round Radius/Length : round the value in the spreadsheet.
-
Select Start Line : if select the lwpolyline on the current drawing, fill the start point start point x, y and Direction.
-
Pick Start line : if pick the point on the current drawing, fill
the start point x, y and Direction.
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-
Select Curve[LWPoly] : selecting the lwpolyline on the current drawing, fill the spreadsheet.
-
Reverse Grid : reverse the value of the spreadsheet.
-
Input By IP, R, A1,A2 : fill the spreadsheet by the value of IP, R, A1, A2.
- x,y : the location of horizontal Intersectip Point. - R, A1,A2 : R is the radius of IP, A1, A2 are the coefficient of spiral. -
: selecting the lwpolyline, fill the values of x,y.
-
: picking the points, fill the values of x,y.
-
: if the value is true, the value swaps. : if the value is true, when the cell is changed in the spreadsheet, draw the horizontal alignment in real time. But the executing is slower.
- Read IP Data : load the last saved IP data - Update : save the spreadsheet.
- Insert Row : insert a row before the current row. - Delete Row : delete a row before the current row. - Reverse Grid : reverse the spreadsheet. - Draw Data : draw data in the spreadsheet.
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- Zoom extent : zoom extents on the current drawing. - View IP : Zoom the location of the current row in the spreadsheet. - Print Report ; print the spreadsheet.
13.2.3. Build -
Build All : build the horizontal curve and super-elevation.
-
Build Horizontal Curve ; build the horizontal curve.
-
Build superelevation ; build the super-elevation.
-
Check Hor-Alignment : check the specification about horizontal
alignment. -
View STA Report : View the result of calculating STA.
File
- Export Excel : export the spreadsheet to excel file. - Print : print the spreadsheet. - Print Preview : print preview the spreadsheet
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-
View IP Report : View the report of IP.
-
View Superelevation : View the points of inflection.
- Insert : insert a row before the current row. - Delete : delete a row before the current row. - Select Left : selecting the lwpolyline on the current drawing, fill the left superelevation values. - Select Right : selecting the lwpolyline on the current drawing. Fill the right superelevation values.
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13.2.4. Etc
-
Widening Horizontal Curve
- Taper Length(Tangent Curve) : if spiral isn’t, edit the length of taper. - Reload : initialize the spreadsheet. - Minimum Widening Per Lane : edit Widening per Lane in the spreadsheet automatically. - Min-Widening Taper by Design Vehicle : edit Taper Length in the spreadsheet automatically. - Build : calculate the widening lane. - View Inflection PT : view the points of inflection.
Direct : the direction of widening. Widening the value of widening. - View Result : view the value of widening at the STAs.
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-
Edit Control Point : edit the location of survey control point.
- File-Save : save the spreadsheet. - Edit-Insert Row : insert a row before the current row. - Edit-Delete Row : delete the current row. - Name : it is the survey control point name. - x,y : the location of the survey control point. Note : if double-click the cell, pick the location of the survey control point on the current drawing. -
Link Control Point
- File-Save : save the spreadsheet. - Edit-Insert Row : insert a row before the current row. - Edit-Delete Row : delete the current row. - AutoSet-Reload Points : Reload B.P, BTC, BC, IP, EC, ETC to the spreadsheet. - AutoSet-CP Auto Link : Automatically Link the survey control point with B.P, IP etc.
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13.2.5. Draw This menu is to draw the horizontal alignment and super-elevation.
-
Option
- Height of Text(IP,BC,BTC) : set the text height of IP, BC, BTC. - Height of Text (Grid, Sta) : set the text height of Grid, STA. - Length of Indicator(BC, BTC) : set the indicator length of BC, BTC. - Scale Mark : interval between mark to mark. - Length of Scale Mark : the line length of scale mark. - Main Scale Mark : interval between circular mark to circular mark. - Radius of IP : the mark radius of IP - R of Main Scale Mark : the radius of main scale mark. - Space of Grid : distance between grid-line to grid-line.
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- Layer Header : the header of layer name. - Centerline Option : it is Allied or Single, if select Allied, centerline is composed of tangent, spiral and simple, or else is only lwpolyline. - Drawing option : if you want to draw them on the current drawing, you check true. If Grid isn’t checked, don’t draw Grid. If Indicator isn’t checked, don’t draw IP, BC, BTC and ETC. If Lane isn’t checked, don’t draw the outline of lane. If Description is checked, add the description when drawing the super-elevation graph.
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-
Horizontal Curve : draw the horizontal curve on the current drawing.
-
ReDraw Horizontal Curve : execute Build All and draw the horizontal curve
-
Clear the horizontal curve : erase the horizontal curve on the current drawing. If you close the horizontal alignment dialog, don’t execute.
-
Superelevation
ReBuild & Draw : Re-Build Superelevation and draw the graph. Graph : draw the graph
-
IP Box : draw the coefficients of horizontal alignment on the current drawing.
-
CP : Draw the location of survey control point, IP.
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-
CP Triangle : draw the angle and distance between IP and CP on the current drawing.
-
1/R : draw the curvature (1/R) graph, of which y-axis is log scale.
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13.2.6. Auto Path
Auto Path helps assess layout and space requirements for intersections, roundabouts, bus terminals, parking facilities, loading bays and more. -
Set up Vehicle : The default design vehicle is the configuration in the project manager.
Design Vehicle : select a design vehicle which is one of passenger car, Truck and SemiTrailer. -
Draw Pathway : draw the pathway(off-track) and space requirements.
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-
Pathway animation : show the design vehicle animation on the current drawing.
-
View Pathway Data : view off-tracking value.
13.3. Toolbar The following figure illustrates the horizontal dialog toolbar. The toolbar in the dialog is to collect the command that is frequently used in the menu.
: Edit - Insert Row : Edit – Delete Row : Build – Build All : Build – Build Horizontal curve : Build – Build Superelevation : Build – View IP Report : Build – View STA Report : Etc – Widening Horizontal Curve : Etc – Edit Control Point : Etc – Link Control Point : Draw – Option : Draw – ReDraw Hor-Curve : Draw – Horizontal Curve : Draw – Superelevation - ReBuild & Draw : Draw – CP Triangle : Draw – CP : Draw – IP Box : Draw – Clear Horizontal Curve
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14. Vertical Alignment
: This button is the command for the design of vertical alignment.
14.1. Dialog
-
STA : it is the STA where is PVI(point of vertical intersection)
-
PVI : the elevation of PVI
-
Length(L1,L2) : The following figure shows an unsymmetrical parabolic vertical
curve
connecting
the
tangents AV and VB which are unequal.
-
: if the value is true, when the cell is changed in the spreadsheet, draw the vertical alignment in real time. But the executing is slower. Selecting the option of combo, one is Re-Location of Tunnel &
Bridge, and the other is Fixed horizontal location of Bridge and Tunnel. Re-Location of Tunnel & Bridge : if PVI is changed, the begin/end of bridge(or tunnel) is changed.
Fixed horizontal location of Bridge and Tunnel : although PVI is changed, the horizontal location of bridge(or tunnel) is fixed.
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14.2. Menu 14.2.1. File
-
Load Tin : Load the TIN file to memory
-
Input Vertical GL : edit the ground level which is located on the surveyed center line of road.
- File-Save : Save the spreadsheet. - File-Export Excel : Export the spreadsheet to excel file(.xls) - File-Print ; print the spreadsheet. - Edit-Insert Row : insert row before the current row. - Edit-Delete Row : delete row before the current row. -
DL[By superelevation] : Calculate the DL that is applied the superelevation applied.
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- Interpolation(Distance) : interpolate the distance that is block-selected in the spreadsheet. The method is linear interpolation. - Cal DL : calculate the DL (design level) that is applied superelevation. - Export : Export the spreadsheet to excel.
14.2.2. Edit -
Insert Row : insert a blank row before the current row.
-
Delete Row : delete the current row.
-
No->STA : convert Numbering(No) to STA.
-
STA->No : convert STA to Numbering.
-
Round Data : round the value of the cell that is block-selected in the spreadsheet.
-
Draw PVI : draw the vertical alignment for editing.
-
Move current PVI : zoom the location of the PVI on the current drawing.
-
Select PVI : change vertexes of the lwpolyline selected on the current drawing to PVI in the spreadsheet.
-
Pick PVI : pick the point, which changes PVI.
-
Set PVI Slope
- Previous / Next : Select the direction of the current PVI. - Slope(%) : edit the vertical slope. If you are click Ok-button, will change EL of the previous/next PVI in the spreadsheet.
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-
Set PVI[Front and Back]
- STA : x coordinate of intersection to extend the previous PVI and next PVI. - PVI : y coordinate of intersection to extend the previous PVI and next PVI -
Additional STA : insert the additional Station for calculating DL.
-
Reverse PVI : reverse the spreadsheet.
-
L1/2->L1, L1/2->L2 : change the value of L1 to the 1/2 L1 and 1/2 L2.
-
Option of Auto Structure : the configuration to set up the structure(tunnel and bridge) by elevation and length.
Tunnel - Height of Cut : the minimum depth for construction tunnel from GL. - Minimum Length : the minimum length of tunnel. Bridge - Height of Bank : the minimum height of construction bridge from GL - Minimum Length : the minimum length of bridge. -
Draw PVI(Auto Structure) : automatically draw the vertical alignment, tunnel and bridge for editing on the current drawing.
-
Auto Structure->Data : apply the result of auto-structure to vertical alignment.
-
Clear Entity : clear the vertical alignment entities on the current drawing.
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14.2.3. Insert
-
Bridge : add/edit the bridge
- Name : bridge name - Begin : the start station of bridge - End : the end station of bridge -
: insert a bridge
-
: update the bridge at the current row.
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Name : Bridge Name Type : the type(classification) of bridge Begin : start station. End : end station If you click
, you edit Begin/End from the current drawing
: if vertical alignment is selected, pick on the vertical alignment drawing. If horizontal alignment is selected, pick on the horizontal alignment drawing.
Case : select new/exist/update. width : edit the width of bridge Length : edit the length of bridge. If you click
, length is end-begin.
skew : edit the skew of bridge Height of Girder : edit the height of girder. Num of Pier : the number of pier : divide the length of bridge the by the number of pier. GL - : edit pier depth from GL : calculate the EL of piers in the spreadsheet
-
: delete the bridge at the current row. Tunnel : add/edit the tunnel.
- File-Save : save the spreadsheet. - File-Export Excel : export the spreadsheet to excel. - File-Print : print the spreadsheet. - Edit-Insert Row : insert a row before the current row.
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- Edit-Delete Row : delete the current row. - Begin/End : the begin/end of tunnel. If this value is empty and double-click, pick the current drawing. : if vertical alignment is selected, pick on the vertical alignment drawing. If horizontal alignment is selected, pick on the horizontal alignment drawing. -
Culvert
STA : the station of culvert. If this value is empty and double-click, pick the current drawing. : if vertical alignment is selected, pick on the vertical alignment drawing. If horizontal alignment is selected, pick on the horizontal alignment drawing. Ex-Len : extension length - File-Save : save the spreadsheet. - File-Export Excel : export the spreadsheet to excel. - File-Print : print the spreadsheet. - Edit-Insert Row : insert a row before the current row. - Edit-Delete Row : delete the current row. -
Pipe
The function/command of pipe dialog and culvert dialog is same almost.
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-
Layer[Stratum]
Type : select a layer for editing (Ripper_Rock/Soft_Rock/Hard_Rock) : if you select the lwpolyline on the current drawing. fill STA and Elevation : if you pick the point on the current drawing. fill STA and Elevation. : if you click it, insert start and end station at the current cell. - File-Save : Save the current spreadsheet. - Edit-Insert Row : insert a row before the current row. - Edit-Delete Row : delete the current row. -
Boring
: if you click it, show the following figure.
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- Layer Name : layer(stratum) name - Pattern : edit hatch pattern. If double-click, show the hatch pattern dialog. - Angle : edit hatch angle. - Scale : edit hatch scale. - Drawing Option Height of Text[STA] : the text height of STA Height of Text[Layer] : the text height of layer name Height of Text[TCP/RQD] : the text height of N value and TCP/RQD Height of Text[Boring Name] : the text height of boring name Width of Box : the width of hatch boundary Height of Indicate-Line : the text height of indicate-line Width of Indicate-Line : the width of indicate-line Direct of Indicate-Line : the direction of indicate-line Length of Scale Mark : the length of scale mark : insert a boring. : update the current boring
- STA : the station of boring location. - Name : boring name - Top elevation : the elevation of boring survey. - Depth : depth from top elevation - Type (at the first spreadsheet) : select the layer name. - N-Value : it is the value by Standard Penetration Test.
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- TCR/RQD : edit TCR(Total Core Recovery) and RQD(Rock Quality Designation). - Save : save a boring data. -
: if you pick the location of boring on the current vertical drawing, fill STA and Top Elevation.
: Delete the current boring. -
Section of Plus DL : plus or minus DL at the section.
14.2.4. Build
-
Build GL : calculate the vertical ground elevation.
-
Build DL : calculate the design level(DL)
-
Bulld Auto-Structure : calculate DL and Auto-Structure.
-
View Report-PVI : show the report of PVI
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-
View Report-DL
-
View Report-Layer
-
View climbing lanes
-
Check Alignment : compare vertical alignment with the Korean highway design specification.
-
Delete Layer : delete the vertical layers(stratum).
-
Delete Cross-Chain : delete cross sections.
-
Option
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Layer : if it is true, calculate the elevation of the layers. Cross-Section Layer : if true, calculate the elevation of cross layers. Cross-GL By Tin(Initial Cross) : if true, calculate cross section GL by tin Climbing Lane : if true, calculate the speed profile and check that the climbing lane is necessary. - Width of Lane : edit the width of climbing lane. - Taper ratio of BP : edit the taper ratio of climbing lane beginning. - Taper ration of EP : edit the taper ratio of climbing lane ending. - Minimum Length : if climbing lane is less than it, climbing lane isn’t. GL/Layer - Width of GL[L] : left distance from center for calculating cross GL by TIN - Width of GL[R] : right distance from center for calculating cross GL by TIN - Depth of RR : default depth of ripper rock(RR) - Depth of Sort Rock : default depth of soft rock - Depth of Hard Rock : default depth of hard rock Type of Input[layer] : center base/absolute elevation - Center base : edit layer-elevation by depth from GL of center line
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- Absolute elevation : edit layer-elevation
14.2.5. Draw
-
GL : draw the vertical GL, layers on the current drawing.
-
Alignment : draw the vertical alignment (GL, DL, bridge and tunnel, etc)
-
Build & Alignment : build DL and draw alignment
-
Slope Graph : draw the vertical slope profile on the current drawing.
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-
Speed Profile [Forward, Climbing] : draw the vertical speed profile on forward.
-
Speed Profile [Backward, Climbing] : draw the vertical speed profile on backward.
-
Option : set the option of drawing
Table list : select the item at the table that is STA, DL, and Superelevation, etc. Read Begin/End Sta : as reading the begin and end of horizontal alignment, write it in the right spreadsheet. Option - Draw-GL : if true, draw GL on the vertical drawing
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- Draw-DL : if true, draw DL on the vertical drawing - Draw-BVC/EVC : if true, draw the station of BVC, PVI and EVC
- Draw-Layer : if true, draw the layer (RR, soft rock and hard rock) - Draw-Bridge : if true, draw the bridge
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- Draw-Tunnel : if true, draw the tunnel
- Draw-Culvert : if true, draw the culvert. - Draw-Pipe : if true, draw the pipe.
- Draw-Table : if false, although you select the table list, don’t draw the table - Scale-x : edit x axis scale, as generally 1000 - Scale-y : edit y axis scale - Text-Slope : edit the text height of slope. - Text-Pole : edit the text height of elevation on the x axis. - Text-BVC/EVC : edit the text height of BVC, PVI and EVC. - Table-EL of Table : edit the elevation of table. - Table-Height of Text : edit the text height of table. - Table-Chain : edit the distance from STA to STA. - Table-Height of Header : edit the text height of table header. - Table-Wid of Header Box : edit the width of table header box.
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- Table-H of Header Box : edit the height of table header box. - Structure-Indicator / Structure-Indicator[STA] / Structure-Size of Contents / StructureHeight of Contents Text : show the following figure
14.2.6. Utility
-
Auto PVI : fill the STA, which is the middle of simple curve, in the spreadsheet.
-
Auto CL length : fill the L1 and L2 which are the minimum.
-
View Concave Section : view the section of concave. If STA is concave, concave in the spreadsheet is 1.
-
Draw Horizontal Alignment : draw the horizontal curve on the current drawing.
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14.3. Toolbar The following figure illustrates the horizontal dialog toolbar. The toolbar in the dialog is to collect the command that is frequently used in the menu.
-
: Insert-Bridge
-
: Insert-Tunnel
-
: Insert-Culvert
-
: Insert-Pipe
-
: Edit-Additional STA
-
: Build-Build DL
-
: Build-View Report-DL
-
: Draw-Option
-
: Draw-GL
-
: Draw-Alignment
-
: Draw-Build & Alignment
-
: Build-Build Climbing Lane
-
: Build-View Climbing Lanes
-
: Draw-Speed Profile[Forward, Climbing]
-
: Draw-Speed Profile[Backward, Climbing]
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15. Width of Lane
: This button is the command for setting the width of lane.
15.1. Dialog
The spreadsheet is to set the width of lane. It is necessary to set lane width of cross section. -
STA-Begin : the start station of the same section
-
STA-End : the end station of the same section
-
STA-Offset : if the center line isn’t continuous, such as separated way, edit the offset
15.2. Menu 15.2.1. Build
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-
Initialize : initialize the spreadsheet.
-
Execute : Calculate the width of lane
If Lane Widening or Climbing Lane is checked, apply lane width of cross-sections. -
Draw : draw the width of lane on the current drawing.
16. Set Area
: This button is the command for setting the areas.
16.1. Dialog -
Item : the combo in the spreadsheet is the name list of layers
-
Color : lwpolyline
-
Dwg->Data : set from lwpolylines on the current drawing to data
-
Draw Area : draw the areas on the current drawing.
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17. Cross-section
: This button is the command for designing cross-sections.
17.1.1. Dialog It has a lot of options, which are for
setting
the
lane
width,
foreslope, backslope, median, barrier, curb and gutter, etc.
-
Base Data Design Level : edit the elevation of road-center Linked Dist : edit the distance between road-center to y axis Skew : edit a skew, generally it is 0.
-
Cross-Section : set the lane section. Left - Outer Edge / Shoulder / Shoulder Strip / Width of Lane Median - Median Strip / Median / Median Strip Right - Width of Lane / Shoulder Strip / Shoulder / Outer Edge
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-
Superelevation : edit the superelevation. The unit of superelevation is %. Left - E of Shoulder : the left shoulder sets a superelevation - E of Lane : the left lane sets a superelevation Right - E of Shoulder : the right shoulder sets a superelevation - E of Lane : the right lane sets a superelevation
-
Median : set median. Type of Median : select the median structure in the combo. Applied Suppervation : if superelevation apply the median, its value is true
-
Definition of Section Pave : edit the depth of pavement. SubGrade : edit the depth of subgrade. User Section : select the special cross-section structure made by user. If is selected, the options of pave, subgrade, Cross-Section and Median are not applied. Classification : the classification of cross-section. It is Earthwork, Bridge Start STA, Bridge, Bridge End STA, Tunnel Start STA, Tunnel and Tunnel End STA. If it is Bridge or Tunnel, don’t calculate earthworks.
-
ForeSlope Left / Right - Set Slope By User : select the slope is made by user. The method of making user slope is will be next. - Height [1st] / Slope [1st] / Width of Berm [1st] / Slope of Berm [1st] / Height [2nd] / Slope [2nd] / Width if Berm [2nd] / Slope of Berm [2nd] / : show the following figure. - Minimum Height of Berm : if the distance from the y coordinate of slope ending point to elevation of berm is less than it, don’t set the berm.
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-
Backslope Left/Right - Set Slope By User : : select the slope is made by user. The method of making user slope is will be next. - Slope of Soil [2nd]: edit the second slope of soil layer that is 1:x. - Slope of Soil [1st]: edit the first slope of soil layeer - Slope of Ripper Rock : edit the slope of ripper rock. - Slope of Soft Rock : edit the slope of soft rock. - Slope of Hard Rock : edit the slope of hard rock - Width of Berm : edit the width of berm at the slope. - Slope of Berm : edit the slope of berm. Its unit is %. - Height of Berm : edit the height of berm. - Type of Dr-Struct [4th] : select the type of drain structure at the fourth height. - Width of Berm [4th] : edit the width of the 4th berm. - Slope of Berm [4th] : edit the slope of the 4th berm. - Len of Rounding : edit the rounding length at the end point of slope. - Not Berm of Blast Rock : don’t’ set a berm under a soft or hard rock layer. - Reference Point [DL] : if true, the slope’s reference point is DL
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-
Type of Curb Left/Right - Type of Curb : select a curb structure. - Type of Outlet : select a outlet under the curb.
-
Gutter Left/Right - Type : select a Gutter. - Space Between Slope & Gut : edit a Interval between the end point of slope and the start point of gutter. - User Location : if it is check, the gutter is located by following options - Location X : x coordinate of cross section - Location Y : y coordinate of cross section.
-
Barrier Left/Right - Type : select a barrier structure
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-
Additional Left/Right - Right Of Way : edit the distance from the end point of slope or gutter to right of way - Max-Width of Slope : edit the maxmum width of backslope or foreslope. - Width of Cross GL : edit the width of GL.
- Type of Sidehill outlet : selec a structure of sidehill outlet - Bench cut : if true, draw a bench cut, and calculate an earthwork.
-
Median of Divide Arterial Left/Right - Median of Divided Arterials : if true, set the green zone for median. - Height : edit the height of green zone from the end of slope. If the green zone is concave, height is minus or else is plus.
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- Peak : edit the peak from the height. If the green zone is concave, peak is minus, too. - Type of Gutter : select the gutter of the green zone. - Gutter Elevation : edit the elevation of the green zone gutter.
-
Earthwork Sheet Insert Point X : edit x coordinate of earthwork sheet table. Insert Point Y : edit y coordinate of earthwork sheet table.
17.2. Menu 17.2.1. File
-
Reload STA : Re-Load stations for cross sections.
-
Update Grid->Data : update data from cells in the spreadsheet. If the cell isn’t visible in the spreadsheet, don’t update data.
-
Reload Structure : update list of structure at combo box in the spreadsheet.
-
Exit : exit the cross dialog.
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17.2.2. Edit
-
Search STA : search the STA in the tree control(left)
-
Sort STA : sort the stations by ascending order
-
Select STA by Hor-Align : select the STAs where are on the horizontal alignment drawing.
-
Delete All Linked-STA : delete all the children items.
17.2.3. Cross-Section -
Get Elevation : calculate the cross GL automatically(By TIN : Get by loaded TIN, Linked Highway : by linked parent (main) highway.
-
Get Layers : calculate ripper rock, soft rock and hard rock layer by copying cross GL (at Build-Option of vertical alignment)
-
Get GL By Drawing : reading the lwpolylines of which layer name are Layer_GL, Layer_RR, Layer_BR1 and Layer_BR2 on the current drawing, change them to the data of GL and Layers.
-
Get GL By Drawing-2 : reading the lwpolyline of which layer name is layer_GL on the current drawing , change
them to the data of GL and copy into layers. -
Delete GL : delete Cross GL.
-
Detete Layers : delete layers(strata).
-
Edit Elevation : edit the cross GL, ripper rock, soft rock and hard rock.
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: move to the previous station. : move to the next station. : search the station. Type : select the option of input GL and layers - Absolute Elevation : absolute elevation
87
- Relative elevation : height from previous elevation to current elevation.
- Center base : height from the center elevation to current elevation.
- Layer : select the GL or layers for editing. -
: Calculate the GL by loaded TIN. Before executing this command, you have to select the Type is GL and Layer is GL.
-
: Save the GL or Layer at the station. Initialize Data : Take the following steps.
- delete setting options by user. - get cross GL by loaded TIN. - get cross layers. - set DL and classification of cross section. - set superelevation of cross section. - set curb automatically. - set guardrail automatically.
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-
ReSet DL/Classification : delete the DL and the classification of cross section by user, and set the default value of DL and classification.
-
ReSet Lane Width : delete the width of lane by user, and set the default value of the width of lane.
-
ReSet Superelevation : delete the superelevation by user, and set the default value of superelevation.
-
Curb[Street Gutter] : set a curb(street gutter)
Gutter-L-Type : select a gutter which is located at left hinge point. Gutter-R-Type : select a gutter which is located at right hinge point. Set Option - LEFT/Right : if you want to set a curb automatically, you check it - Bank : in case that slope is a foreslope, select the curb structure to be set. -
: Automatically, set curbs in the spreadsheet. Gutter : set the gutter at the end of slope
LEFT/Right : if you want to set a gutter automatically, you check it : Automatically, set gutters in the spreadsheet.
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-
Auto Structure-Guardrail : automatically set a guardrail at hinge point.
-
Auto Structure-Barrier : automatically set a barrier at hinge point
-
User Slope : create a user cross section slope.
User Slope Item - New : add an item to the combo - Delete : delete the current item. - Rename : rename the current item X, Y : edit vertexes of user slope. The value is relative distance from the previous vertex. Insert Row : insert a row in the spreadsheet. Delete Row : delete the current row in the spreadsheet.
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Preview : show the lwpolyline which is created from vertexes in the spreadsheet
: change the vertexes of lwpolyline selected into data in the spreadsheet.
: save the current item. -
Set Linked Highway
Set Divided Arterials - Main Highway : the highway which is linked the current highway. - From : start station of Main Highway - To : end station of Main Highway - Except Linked Distance=0 : if distance is less than 0, don’t add a child station at the Main Highway. -
Append Main Highway : add the STAs into the Main Highway. If not Linked, can’t execute it.
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17.2.4. Build
-
Option [Earthwork Sheet] : set the option of earthwork sheet table.
Earthwork sheet Dwg : select an earthwork sheet table, insert it into cross sections. Font Size : height of text in the earthwork sheet table : remove items selected in the right spreadsheet. : move items selected in the left spreadsheet to the right spreadsheet. Up : move up the current active row in the right spreadsheet. Down : move down the current active row in the right spreadsheet. Import : import earthwork sheet setup file(.EGD) Export : export the right spreadsheet to earthwork sheet setup file(.EGD)
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Earthwork : edit an earthwork item X,Y : set insert-point of earthwork item. If you double click the cell, select rectangle on the earthwork sheet drawing. Type : select an earthwork type. - Area : earthwork is area in cross section. - Length[X] : calculate ∆x of length. - Length[total] : calculate a length. Layer : setting layers for detail cross section design. -
Build All : calculate earthworks and points for drawing
-
Earthwork : calculate earthworks each cross section.
-
Delete Earthwork : delete the earthworks.
-
Cross section Points : calculate the points to draw 3dmodeling and slope of cross section on horizontal alignment drawing.
-
Delete Cross section points : delete the cross section points.
-
Draw Horizontal alignment : draw the horizontal alignment on the current drawing.
-
Draw Slope [horizontal] : draw slope of cross sections on the horizontal alignment.
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-
Detain Cross section : detail design of cross section.
: select a cross section : move the first station. : move the previous station : move the next station. : move the last station. : search the station
: show the cross sections which saved block(wblock)
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Delete All : delete all the station is blocked. Delete Section : delete the station bloked. Search STA : search station. : reading the lwpolylines of which layer name are Layer_GL, Layer_RR, Layer_BR1 and Layer_BR2 on the current drawing, change them to the data of GL and Layers. : reading the lwpolyline of which layer name is layer_GL on the current, change them to the data of GL and copy into layers. : calculate earthworks automatically. : save the block. : draw the bench cut by user. : draw the slope by user. : delete the block and draw the cross section. : delete the block. : insert the earthwork sheet. : show the entities selected by user. : select GL and if slope is less than 100% and larger than 20%, draw the bench cut : select GL and draw the bench cut. : select GL and draw the slope. : insert the earthwork sheet at the picked point on the current drawing. : change the entities selected GL and layer to data.
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-
Draw out : draw cross-sections, finally
Cross-Section Box : select a cross section box STA-Font Size : text height of Station STA-X,Y : location of STA Grid-Assist : interval of assist line Grid-Main : interval of main line Grid-Font Size : text height of main line Grid-Length : length of pip-line
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: insert the cell selected in the left spreadsheet into the right spreadsheet. : remove the row in the right spreadsheet. Up : move up the current row in the right spreadsheet. Down : move down the current row in the right spreadsheet.
: draw out the cross sections
: draw out the cross section in box
17.2.5. View
-
Cross-Section : draw the cross section which is selected in the left tree-control.
-
Insert Earthwork sheet : draw the earthwork sheet on the current drawing.
-
Erase View : erase all on the current drawing.
-
Preview Earthwork : preview the values of earthworks, automatically.
-
Result Earthwork : show the earthworks each cross section.
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17.2.6. Tool
-
View Gutter Elevation :
: select a gutter (street gutter(curb), gutter, median gutter) Interpolation : if elevation is block-selected, calculate the blank elevation
-
Draw
Gutter[Left] : draw the left gutter elevation. Gutter[Right] : draw the right gutter elevation. Curb[Left] : draw the left curb(street gutter) elevation. Curb[Right] : draw the right curb elevation.
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18. Mass-haul (Cross-section Earthwork) Diagram
: command for drawing mass-haul diagram. The input data is made by cross sections. As this dialog and commands are similar to the previous Mass-haul Diagram dialog, so wish you would refer to the contents of chapter 6.
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19. 3D Model
: command for 3d Modeling. This chapter describes how to create 3d highway
19.1. Dialog
This dialog is composed of menu, toolbar and spreadsheets. The spreadsheets are Structure[3D] and Block[3D]; the one creates structure by structure 3d xml, the other inserts block on the current drawing. -
Structure[3D]
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Structure : select a structure which would be drawn. Type : select a drawing type. - Continue : structure linked from STA to STA
- Column : structure in the interval which is fixed
- Union : both continuous and column
- Dist x : distance from line selected to structure
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Dist Y : add it to elevation of structure. Interval : edit from column to column Depth : like a square column, depth of z-axis direction.
Color : edit color of structure. If you double-click, show color-dialog. Direct : select the direction of structure. : select the 3dpolyline, and create structure on it -
Block [3D]
Structure : edit the structure which is inserted into current drawing. If you double-click, show the file dialong. Dist x : distance from line selected to structure Dist y : add it to elevation of structure Skew ; edit a rotation angle. Pick : pick insert-point or select the 3dpolyline to insert into the current drawing.
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19.2. Menu 19.2.1. File -
Load TIN : load a TIN file
-
Unload TIN : unload TIN.
-
Save As TIN : Save as TIN which is loaded.
19.2.2. Build -
Load Cross-Section : loading cross sections for 3d Modeling
-
Build 3D Section : change cross sections to 3D Section
-
Append Section To Tin : Remove points in boundaries which link the slope end points, and append cross sections in tin.
(you have to load the TIN for executing this command) -
Draw TIN : draw the TIN which removed points.
-
Erase In Boundary : erase entities which are in boundaries.
-
Draw Section[3DFace] : draw 3d Face load-section and slopes.
19.2.3. Draw 3D Poly -
Center Line : draw the 3dpolyline that is center line of load.
-
Center Line [Tunnel/Bridge] : draw the 3dpolylines which are center lines of tunnel and bridge alignments.
-
Start Slope[L] draw the 3dpolylines which are the start
point of left slope on the cross section. -
Cross-Section[3DPoly] : draw the cross section 3dpolylines.
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-
Cross-Section Boundary : draw the boundaries which link the end point of slopes.
19.2.4. Structure 3D -
Insert : insert a row in the Sturcture[3D] spreadsheet.
-
Delete : delete the row in the Structure[3D] spreadsheet.
19.2.5. 3D Block -
Insert : insert a row in the Block[3D] spreadsheet.
-
Delete : delete the row in the Blcok[3D] spreadsheet.
19.2.6. Utility -
Draw Continue Line Marking : draw continuous line marking with 3dface on the 3dpolyline which is selected.
-
Draw Dash Line Marking : draw dash dot line marking with 3dface on the 3dpolyline which is selected.
-
Insert 3D Block : insert 3d-block on the 3dpolyline which is selected.
-
Get Elevation by Face : calculate the elevation by 3dface.
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Get Elevation By User : calculate the elevation by tin
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Create Boundary by User
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Fill Hole with Face.
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Add Vertex 1 : insert vertex.
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Add Vertex 2 : insert vertex with interpolating elevation.
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Add Vertex 3 : insert vertex, but remove inflection points.
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Erase Non-Face : erase entities which aren’t 3dface.
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Erase Text : erase text entities.
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Erase Entity by Elevation : erase entities of which elevation is equal to the value of input.
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Draw 3dpoly by Text : Reading text entities, create the vertexes of 3dpolyline by them.
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Edit 3d polyline : edit 3d polyline (offset, join, reverse, elevation)
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Plus Face Elev : add value to elevation of 3dface.
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Create Building Standard : create buildings with 3dface
User : select a bottom and a top, create a building.
Step : if increasing y-coordinate, increase height of building.
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Random : create buildings of which elevation are random.
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Capture Clipboard : capture the view of auto-cad to clipboard.
Clipboard-Invert : capture the view of auto-cad, and invert it.
File : capture the view of auto-cad, and save it.
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19.3. toolbar The following figure illustrates the 3d modeling dialog toolbar. The toolbar in the dialog is to collect the command that is frequently used in the menu.
: File-Load TIN : File-Unload TIN : Build-Load Cross Section : Build-Build 3D Section : Build-Draw TIN : Build-Erase in Boundary : Build-Draw Section[3D Face] : Draw 3D Poly-Center line : Draw 3D Poly-Center line[Tunnel/Bridge] : Draw 3D Poly-Start Slope[L] : Draw 3D Poly-Start Slope[R] : Utility-Insert 3D Block : Utility-Draw Continue line marking : Utility-Draw Dash line marking : Utility-Get Elevation by Face : Utility-Get Elevation by User : Utility-Create Boundary by User : Utility-Fill hole with Face
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20. Analysis
: command for stop sight distance, sunlight shadow, sun glare hazard analysis.
20.1. Dialog
20.1.1. Sun Location -
Year/Month/Day : edit year, month and day for analysis.
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Latitude : edit the latitude of analysis district.
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Longitude : edit the longitude of analysis district.
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Start Time : edit the time of sunrise.
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End Time : edit the time of sunset
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Interval : edit time interval for analysis.
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: calculate the sun locations, and show them in the following spreadsheet.
20.1.2. Shadow Analysis -
Chain : edit a distance of chain for analysis.
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Tolerance(Z) : No intersecting the pavement, add it to DL.
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Distance from Sun : the distance from earth to sun is about 150000000km, but edit the value between 500 to 2000.
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Begin(STA) : edit the start station for analysis
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End(STA) : edit the end station for analysis.
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Dist from Center : edit the distance from road-center.
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: As pick the start/end point on horizontal alignment, edit the start/end station.
20.1.3. Field of Vision Edit the field of vision for sun glare hazard analysis. (unit : degree)
20.1.4. Perspective Calculate SSDs(stop sight distance) and create the movie(avi-file) -
Chain : edit a distance of chain for analysis.
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Dist of target : distance from eye of driver to target
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Camera Elev : elevation of camera or driver’s eye. Generally 1m
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Target Elev : elevation of target. Generally 1m or 0.15m
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Perspective Dist : distance of perspective view. Generally 300
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Direction : select a movement direction (forward, backward or forward+backward)
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Begin(STA) : edit the start station for analysis
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End(STA) : edit the end station for analysis.
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Dist from Center : edit the distance from road-center.
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20.2. Menu 20.2.1. Perspective
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Create Script [WMF] : create the script file for creating movie. The file extension is wmf.
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Create Script [BMP] : create the script file for creating movie. The file extension is Bmp.
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Create Script By User : create the script file by selecting 3dpolyline on the current drawing.
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View Script File : open the script file
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Run Script File : execute the script file.
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Create AVI : create a avi file. If it isn’t, execute “C:\Roadex\utility\makeavi.exe”
- Input Dir : select folder in which images are located. - Frame : number of frame per second.
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- Reload : reload the image files. - Reverse : reverse a list of filenames in the spreadsheet. - Insert : insert a row in the spreadsheet. - Delete : delete the current row in the spreadsheet. - MakeAvi : create a movie. - Output file name : select the output filename -
Draw View Points : draw a 3dpolyline of which vertex is the points of driver’s eye.
20.2.2. Stop Sight Distance
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Calculate sight Distance[3D] : calculate SSD. If you want to calculate quickly, freeze the layer of terrain.
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Result Sight Distance : View the result of calculating
20.2.3. Shadow
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Build Light time : calculate the Sunlight time
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View Light Time : show the result of light time
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View Sun Energy : show the result of sun energy calculation.
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Draw Light Time : draw the graph of light time.
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Draw Sun Energy : draw the text of sun energy at each STA.
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Draw Sun : draw the sun on the current drawing.
20.2.4. Sun Glare Hazard
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Build Light Hazard : calculate the glare hazard.
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View Result[Forward] view the result of the glare hazard on forward.
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View Result[Forward] view the result of the glare hazard on backward.
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Cumulative Time
20.2.5. Utility
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Draw Horizontal Curve : draw the horizontal curve
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Erase Non-Face : erase entities which aren’t 3dface.
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21. Utility menu
The following figure illustrates the HDS utility menu[Highway].
21.1. Search Clothoid Value It is for searching clothoid value : tangent-Simple, Simple-Simple etc.
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Clear Entity : Erase entities made by search clothoid value Reset : clear memories made by search clothoid value -
Clothoid : Utility searching clothoid value(A) between tangent and simple curve.
As you press Slt button and select circle entity, Fill CenterX, CenterY, R. -
R->R Clothoid : Utility searching clothoid value(A) between Simple and simple curve
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Search R,A : Utility searching clothoid value(A) in IP.
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Reverse Clothoid : Utility searching reverse clothoid value A2 between R1 and R2
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Search Reverse Circle : Utility searching center point of circle(R2) by R1,A1,A2,A3
21.2. Coefficient of Clothoid The following figure shows results by the value of the radius and A
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21.3. Draw Clothoid
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[R,A1] : Drawing clothoid by BTC (begin of transition curve), IP, Direction, Radius and A1.
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[R,A1,A2] : Drawing clothoid by previous IP, IP, next IP, Radius, A1 and A2.
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[A,R1,R2] : Drawing clothoid(compound clothoid) by A, R1 and R2 (R1>R2)
21.4. Utility
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Erase All Entity : erase all entity in current drawing.
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Erase Entity(Z Point : change block entity to point entity.
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Spline->LWPolyline : change Spline entity to LWPolyline(light weight polyline) entity.
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Draw Elevation : draw elevation text at piked point.
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Change Elevation : change elevation of selected entities
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Change Elevation by step : change elevation of selected entities by elevation step
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Draw Grid : utility of cross-section grid-line drawing
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Cal Area : calculation and drawing of boundary polygon area
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Set Skew : apply to skew current-drawing
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Draw location : draw text that vertexes of lwpolyline located
21.5. Help The Help menu show "C:\Roadex\Utility\User_Guide.pdf".
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Definition of Terms -
BTC : begin of transition curve.
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ETC : end of transition curve.
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BC : begin of simple curve
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EC : end of simpe curve
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BVC : begin of vertical curve
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EVC : end of vertical curve.
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STA : the method of station notation is the cumulative distance from the horizontal beginning.
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Numbering(No) : the method of STA notation is numbering, which divides a distance in 20m intervals. For example, 240m is a Number 12.
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