HANDBOOK ABOUT THE CZECH REPUBLIC

GEOLOGY

The Czech massif x The Carpathians different geological history

PRECAMBRIAN THE CZECH MASSIF flooded by sea Cadom and Vari orogeny THE CARPATHIANS ???

PALEOZOIC THE CZECH MASSIF flooded by sea forming of limestone – The Czech and Moravian karst forming of black coal THE CARPATHIANS ???

MESOZOIC THE CZECH MASSIF weathering of rocks flooded by sea formation of sandstone THE CARPATHIANS ???

CENOZOIC - TERTIARY THE CZECH MASSIF The Alpine orogeny caused volcanic activity - (České středohoří, Doupovské hory, Říp) elevation of old weatherd rocks (Šumava, Český les, Krušné hory, The Giant Mountains) formation of brown coal in Mostecká, Sokolovská, Chebská pánev THE CARPATHIANS formation by Alpine orogeny

CENOZOIC - QUARTERNARY

weathering of rocks glaciers in the mountains – Šumava, Hrubý Jeseník, The Giant Mountains formations of glacial lakes (Black, Čertovo, Plešné, Laka)

RELIEF

SNĚŽKA Sněžka is the biggest mountain of the Czech Republic. Sněžka is 1, 602 meters high above the sea level. Sněžka is situated in the Giant Mountains in the northen part of the Czech republic. There is one of the biggest downhill course

Do you know, where Sněžka is situated ? Look at the map and try to find it :)

THE LOWEST POINT OF CZECHIA HŘENSKO It is situated in the north of Czechia. It is 115 meters high above the sea level.

Pravčická brána is situated in the national park of České Švýcarsko (Czech Switzerland) Rock gate has got about 16,5 meters It is the biggest natural rock gate in Europa

Protected Landscape Area Jeseníky The biggest top: Praděd There are downhill slopes too Praděd is 1, 491 meters high above the sea level

National park Šumava It is our biggest national park. It is situated in the west of the Czech Republic

Protected Landscape Area Český ráj (Czech paradise)

Protected Landscape Area Beskydy The biggest top: Lysá hora (1,323 meters high above the sea level)

Protected Landscape Area České Středohoří The biggest top: Milešovka (837 meters high above the sea level)

Havelka David

HYDROLOGY

RIVERS The main European drainage area border of three seas. Water supplies depend on rainfalls, 1/3 run away, more than 1/3 is absorbed and 1/3 evaporates. The disadvantage of our rivers is variable water level during the year. There are floods in spring  because of melting snow, in summer are large rainfalls, a lowest water level is in autumn.

LAKES There are not many lakes in the Czech Republic. 1) glacial lakes (5 Sumava lakes, the largest and deepest lake is Black, it is 40 m deep and 18.5 ​ hectares large) Black Lake - the largest and deepest Sumava lake 3) peat lakes (Tříjezerní moor in the 2) karst lakes (Macocha abyss)

Bohemian Forest, Mossy Lake in the Jeseníky Mountains, etc.)

Laka lake

PONDS

Ponds has a long tradition in this country (13th - 15th century): ●

Charles IV. (e.g. Macha Lake was built)

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Vilém from Pernštejn - Opatovice channel in Pardubice

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Josef Stěpánek Netolický - Golden Cannal

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Jakub Krčín - founded the Nova River and our largest pond Rožumberk

Nesyt

Macha lake

GROUNDWATER Simple ground water is the most represented in the sediments in the Czech Board and then in the Quaternary sediments of major rivers. Mineral and termal water is not very common. Classification of groundwater according to temperature: – cold (25 °C) – warm (50 °C) - Teplice, Losiny – hot (above 50 °C) - Karlovy Vary

Karlovy Vary Thermal Spring is the warmest mineral spring in the CR 73 ° C

DAM ON THE RIVER VLTAVA

SPRING OF THE RIVER LABE

CLIMATE

RAINFALL The largest average annual rainfall: Bily potok (Liberec district) ●

The lowest average annual rainfall: Libedice (Chomutov district) ●

The largest measured annual rainfall: 220 mm (Korenov-Jizerka, 1926, Jizerske Mountains) ●

The lowest measured annual rainfall: 247 mm (Velke Pritocno, 1933, Kladno district) ●

TEMPERATURE

The lowest average annual temperature: 0.2 ° C (Snezka) The highest average annual temperature: 9.5 ° C (Hodonin) The highest measured temperature: 40.2 ° C (Prague – Uhrineves, 27th July 1983) The lowest measured temperature: -42.2 ° C (Litvinovice u Ceskych Budejovic, 11th February 1929)

CLIMATE ZONES The Czech republic is an inland state. The climate is moderate and mild. The west of the Czech Republic is influenced by oceans and this part is cooler and rainier in summer. Winters are mild and warmer.

The east of the Czech Republic is influenced by the continent. Summer is warmer and dry and winter is cooler and strong.

NATIONAL PARKS

National Park Czech Switzerland area: 80 km2

National Park Giant Mountains area: 385 km2  

National Park Podyjí area: 63 km2 National Park Šumava area: 680,64 km2

PROTECTED AREA

The largest protected area is the Beskydy.

The second largest is České Středohoří.

Others protected areas Are the Šumava, Jeseníky, … and Žďárské vrchy.

POPULATION OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Numbers: 10, 506, 813 The Czechs: 80% The Moravians: 15% National minorities: 5% (the Slovaks, Poles, Germans, Ukrainians, Romanes,...)

Density The Czech Republic has average population density in Europe : 131 inhabitants / km ² Map of population in big cities

AGE PYRAMID

CHARLES IV. THE FATHER OF THE COUNTRY The most famous king, who was the Emperor of Roman´s Empire, lived in 14th century. He built the centre of Prague, founded Charles University and Charles Bridge. In his time Prague was a very important cultural centre.

FAMOUS CZECH INVENTORS Prokop Diviš - lightning conductor

František Ressl - propeller

František Křižík – arc lamp Otto Wichterle - contact lenses, nylon

Jakub Kryštof Rad - sugar lump

CZECH SPORTSMEN AND WOMEN Martina Sáblíková The best speed skater in the world

Jaromír Jágr One of the best hockey player in the world

JÁRA CIMRMAN He is a fictional character of a universal Czech genius. He is a typical symbol of the Czech thinking and humour. Nobody knows how he looked. He submitted to the U.S. government a project of the Panama Canal. He constructed the first Zeppelin airship with Count Zepellin. He conquered the North Pole. He invented yogurt :), Tankini, skimmed milk, the principlesw of the Internet...

CZECH CITIES My presentation is about famous czech cities

PRAGUE Prague is the capital city of the Czech Republic. About 1.2 milion people live there. Prague is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. The River Vltava flows through Prague. Lots of tourists are there. Why? Prague is a historical city with gripping stories. Old legends tell us much information about ancient Prague. You can find memories on every step in Prague. Memories like Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Golden Lane, Astronomical clock or buildings in Vyšehrad. Charles IV. is famous for builging these memories. Prague a very interesting city. However if you don´t like history, don´t worry. Prague is a very entertaining city too. Famous groups have concerts there, a great aquapark is there, the large Z00 in Troja is there and for shopaholics there are many shopping centres. There is a tower of Petřín and a Mirror Labyrint. You can have fun there.

BRNO Brno is the second largest city in the Czech Republic. About 400 thousand people live there. Brno is about 200 km from Prague. Brno is in Moravia, in the south east of the Czech Republic. You can find lots of memories, universities, shops and culture experiences there. Capuchin museum is in Brno. You can see mummies there. Some people don´t like this museum but if mummies don´t mind you, visit it. Petrov is a large cathedral. You can go to the tower of Petrov and see the beautiful town. Spilberk is the castle in Brno. It was a prison but now it is a tourist attraction. You can see torture tool in Spilberk. In Brno there is the nice Square of Liberty. On the corner of square there is located a modern clock.

OSTRAVA Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech republic. This city is in Moravia, more east than Brno. About 300 thousand people live there. Ostrava is a very industrial city. Industry is the main branch for people, who live there. They mine black coal. Construction which is on the next picture is from ironworks. Environment in this area is not good because of industry. There is the town hall of city Ostrava in the picture. Even if Ostrava is an industrial city , there is rich cultural life. There are 4 theatres, the firemen museum, the astronomical observatory and the Zoo.

KARLOVY VARY

Karlovy Vary is a famous spa city. About 53 thousand people live there and lots of tourists are there because of spas and International film festival which is held every year. In Karlovy Vary there is a nice theatre and lots of cinemas. The Festival is a big event for directors, actors and spectators from the Czech republic and from all places of the world. You can meet there for example Danny DeVito, John Malkovich, Leonardo di Caprio, Robert De Niro and many famous people. There are 5 colonnades and 13 springs of healthy water for patients. Typical thing for spa is water. They are in the third picture. People want to relax there. In Karlovy Vary there are many small churches, towers and many hotels.

PARDUBICE Pardubice is a city in the middle of the Czech republic. About 90 thousand people live there. Pardubice is a famous city. There are horses races named Velká pardubická. Many riders with their horses compete there . It is the most famous race in the Czech Republic. Pardubice is the famous city for gingerbread too. People say that Pardubice gingerbread is the best. Unfortunatelly Pardubice is known for polluted environment. Chemical company PARAMO is there and pollutes the city. Culture in Pardubice is good because there is the city theatre. It is 100 years old and it has beautiful architecture.

AGRICULTURE

Agriculture is a big part of the economy. Agriculture in the Czech Republic is very preferred. Agricultural land occupies 54.1% of surface area. Agriculture is required for food and other agricultural products, but also has great significance for the landscape.

Agriculture in the number Crop production: Farmland

3 626 794 ha

Cereals

1 558 595 ha

Oilseeds

483 850 ha

Sugar beet 50 380 ha Potato

29 790 ha

Fruit

22 776 ha

Grapevine 16 300 ha Hops

5 335 ha

Grassland 920 080 ha

Livestock production: Catle

1 357 500pcs

Pigs

2 135 000pcs

Poultry

24 285 000pcs

INDUSTRY

The most important industry branches in the Czech Republic are:

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Metallurgy

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Engineering

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Chemical

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Food industry

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Glassworks

METALLURGY In the Czech Republic there are only two companies with a total production : ArcelorMittal Ostrava and Třinecké železárny.

Gabriela Homolová

ENGINEERING The important part of engineering is car industry. The most important producers are Škoda Auto in Mladá Boleslav, Hyundai in Nošovice, TPCA in Kolín, Tatra in Kopřivnice.

CHEMICAL Important parts are oil refining, pharmaceutical industry and rubber industry and also the production of paper. Česká rafinerská and Paramo produce oil. Zentiva – Praha produces medicine.

FOOD INDUSTRY The food industry is concentrated in the fertile lowlands. Traditional products such as Olomoucké tvarůžky, Štamberské uši, Pilsner Urquell and Kostelecké sausages are famous in Europe.

The beer consumption in the Czech Republic is the highest in the world. The most important producers are Praha, Plzeň, České Budějovice, Brno a Nošovice breweries.

TRANSPORT

ROAD TRANSPORT The road transport is the most popular kind of transport in the Czech Republic. The road network is dense (more than 55, 000 km of roads). You can go anywhere on the road. We have 6 motorways and a lot of roads.

The most popular and frequent car make is the Škoda (made in the Czech republic).

RAILWAY TRANSPORT

Czech railway network is one of the densiest in Europe. It‘s the second favourite kind of transport there. There are international express trains, national express trains and etc.

SHIPPING Shipping is not usual transport in the Czech Republic, because we have too shallow rivers.

You can travel by ship only on the Vltava and Labe rivers.

AIR TRANSPORT Our biggest airline is ČSA (Czech Airlines Company).

In the Czech Republic there are lots of airports (Prague, Brno, Ostrava, Pardubice…) You can travel mostly abroad because our country is too small.

SERVICE Telecommunications are rapidly developing in our country. The largest telephone operator in the country Czech Telecom merged with global Telefónica and renamed Telefónica O2 Czech Republic.  It‘s one of the largest internet providers in the country.

TOURISM

PRAGUE Prague is the capital city of Czech republic. It is the center of fun and history. The most inviting places are the Zoo Troja, Aquapalace, Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Jewish Museum or Tower Petřín. Prague castle is the biggest castle complex in the world and it is in the Guiness book of records!

Aguapalace is the biggest aquapark in the Czech republic. There are 8 toboggans, virtual sea, pirates boats, a pool with aquarium etc.

The Petrin tower is on a hill, actually it has about 63.5 meters. The tower was inspired by the Eiffell Tower.

The Jewish museum is a favourite place for people who like history. There are 5 synagogues (Spanish, Maisell's, Pinkas's, Klaus's, ceremonial hall) and Jewish cemetery.

CASTLES

The Czech Republic has interesting history, and there are about 200 castles. The number is one of the highest in the world. Lots of castles have been reconstructed recently. In summer, you can have special castle tours at night wearing period costumes or go to concerts. Czech people love fairy tales! So directors make films at Czech castles like Cervena Lhota, Hluboka over Vltava, castle in Telc etc.

The castle Hluboka is the most beautiful castle for me. It is the castle on the west of the Czech Republic. The castle was built in Ghotic style in 13 century by Vilem from Pernstejn. In 16 century it was rebuilt in Renaissance style. The last change was in 19 century, and the castle was rebuilt in Romantic style. The Castle is very popular because of its breathtaking appearance, interior and a large and wonderful English garden.

SPAS

In the Czech Republic, there are lots of spas: Karlovy Vary, Františkovy Lázně, Janské Lázně, Teplice, Luhačovice, Bohdaneč, Poděbrady etc. In Karlovy Vary American comedy Last Holiday starring Queen Latifah and Gérard Depardieu was shooting. Some spas are just for relax but some are special for people, who have health problems.

GREEN HILL

Green Hill (The Church of St. Jan Nepomuk) is a monument of UNESCO in Žďár nad Sázavou. It was built by Baroque builder Jan Blažej Santini - Aichel. The church was built for Abbot Vejmluva and the Cistercians. The Church has the shape of five-pointed-star.

NATURE BEAUTIES

Adrspach rocks is a natural park in the Czech Republic. Lots of enhustiastic tourist walk to Adrspach and see rock formations. The highest place is Stork rock.

MACOCHA

Macocha abyss is the most famous abyss in the Moravian Karst. Caves Punkva are parts of the complex. The maximum depth is 138.4 m. On the bottom of the abyss there is the Upper and Lower Machocha's lake. Legend: There is a legend about a bad stepmother, who hated her stepson. She wanted to throw him from the cliff, but he was saved and people threw the bad stepmother from the cliff. Macocha is like macecha = stepmother in English.

Geology – Filip Vaníček Relief – David Havelka Hydrology – Jakub Klement Climate – Michaela Mužátková Nature – Michaela Hermanyová Demography – Tereza Pohanková Cities – Radka Filipi Agriculture – Daniel Jirman Industry – Gabriela Homolová Transport – Alžběta Severová Tourism – Natálie Zelinková